]> git.mdlowis.com Git - proto/albase.git/commitdiff
Checkin mksh source code with Rules.mk file to build it
authorMichael D. Lowis <mike@mdlowis.com>
Fri, 29 Apr 2016 00:22:55 +0000 (20:22 -0400)
committerMichael D. Lowis <mike@mdlowis.com>
Fri, 29 Apr 2016 00:22:55 +0000 (20:22 -0400)
33 files changed:
Makefile
source/sh/Build.sh [new file with mode: 0755]
source/sh/Rules.mk [new file with mode: 0644]
source/sh/check.pl [new file with mode: 0644]
source/sh/check.t [new file with mode: 0644]
source/sh/dot.mkshrc [new file with mode: 0644]
source/sh/edit.c [new file with mode: 0644]
source/sh/emacsfn.h [new file with mode: 0644]
source/sh/eval.c [new file with mode: 0644]
source/sh/exec.c [new file with mode: 0644]
source/sh/expr.c [new file with mode: 0644]
source/sh/funcs.c [new file with mode: 0644]
source/sh/histrap.c [new file with mode: 0644]
source/sh/jobs.c [new file with mode: 0644]
source/sh/lalloc.c [new file with mode: 0644]
source/sh/lex.c [new file with mode: 0644]
source/sh/lksh.1 [new file with mode: 0644]
source/sh/main.c [new file with mode: 0644]
source/sh/mirhash.h [new file with mode: 0644]
source/sh/misc.c [new file with mode: 0644]
source/sh/mksh.1 [new file with mode: 0644]
source/sh/mksh.ico [new file with mode: 0644]
source/sh/rlimits.gen [new file with mode: 0644]
source/sh/rlimits.opt [new file with mode: 0644]
source/sh/sh.h [new file with mode: 0644]
source/sh/sh_flags.gen [new file with mode: 0644]
source/sh/sh_flags.opt [new file with mode: 0644]
source/sh/shf.c [new file with mode: 0644]
source/sh/strlcpy.c [new file with mode: 0644]
source/sh/syn.c [new file with mode: 0644]
source/sh/tree.c [new file with mode: 0644]
source/sh/var.c [new file with mode: 0644]
source/sh/var_spec.h [new file with mode: 0644]

index b0894fc5f10aa37de90b8774078830dbb080b38f..2c4b2a8c14791c66e1c5d1c8eefda04188eb2813 100644 (file)
--- a/Makefile
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -7,15 +7,16 @@ CC = cc
 # flags
 LIBS     =
 INCS     = -Iinclude
-CPPFLAGS = $(INCS) -D_XOPEN_SOURCE
-CFLAGS   = -O2 $(CPPFLAGS)
+DEFS     = -D_XOPEN_SOURCE=700 -D_POSIX_C_SOURCE=200809L
+CPPFLAGS = $(INCS) $(DEFS)
+CFLAGS   = -O2
 LDFLAGS  = $(LIBS)
-BUILD    = $(CC) $(CFLAGS) -o $@ $<
+BUILD    = $(CC) $(CPPFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) -o $@ $<
 
 #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Build-Specific Macros
 #------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-BINS = init getty login dmesg
+BINS = init getty login dmesg sh
 
 # load user-specific settings
 -include config.mk
@@ -39,8 +40,10 @@ login: source/login.c
 dmesg: source/dmesg.c
        $(BUILD)
 
+include source/sh/Rules.mk
+
 clean:
-       $(RM) $(BINS)
+       $(RM) $(BINS) $(MKSH_OBJS)
 
 # load dependency files
 -include $(DEPS)
diff --git a/source/sh/Build.sh b/source/sh/Build.sh
new file mode 100755 (executable)
index 0000000..f2ed0d7
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,2698 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+srcversion='$MirOS: src/bin/mksh/Build.sh,v 1.697 2016/03/04 18:28:39 tg Exp $'
+#-
+# Copyright (c) 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010,
+#              2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016
+#      mirabilos <m@mirbsd.org>
+#
+# Provided that these terms and disclaimer and all copyright notices
+# are retained or reproduced in an accompanying document, permission
+# is granted to deal in this work without restriction, including un-
+# limited rights to use, publicly perform, distribute, sell, modify,
+# merge, give away, or sublicence.
+#
+# This work is provided "AS IS" and WITHOUT WARRANTY of any kind, to
+# the utmost extent permitted by applicable law, neither express nor
+# implied; without malicious intent or gross negligence. In no event
+# may a licensor, author or contributor be held liable for indirect,
+# direct, other damage, loss, or other issues arising in any way out
+# of dealing in the work, even if advised of the possibility of such
+# damage or existence of a defect, except proven that it results out
+# of said person's immediate fault when using the work as intended.
+#-
+# People analysing the output must whitelist conftest.c for any kind
+# of compiler warning checks (mirtoconf is by design not quiet).
+#
+# Used environment documentation is at the end of this file.
+
+LC_ALL=C
+export LC_ALL
+
+case $ZSH_VERSION:$VERSION in
+:zsh*) ZSH_VERSION=2 ;;
+esac
+
+if test -n "${ZSH_VERSION+x}" && (emulate sh) >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+       emulate sh
+       NULLCMD=:
+fi
+
+if test -d /usr/xpg4/bin/. >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+       # Solaris: some of the tools have weird behaviour, use portable ones
+       PATH=/usr/xpg4/bin:$PATH
+       export PATH
+fi
+
+nl='
+'
+safeIFS='      '
+safeIFS=" $safeIFS$nl"
+IFS=$safeIFS
+allu=QWERTYUIOPASDFGHJKLZXCVBNM
+alll=qwertyuiopasdfghjklzxcvbnm
+alln=0123456789
+alls=______________________________________________________________
+
+genopt_die() {
+       if test -n "$1"; then
+               echo >&2 "E: $*"
+               echo >&2 "E: in '$srcfile': '$line'"
+       else
+               echo >&2 "E: invalid input in '$srcfile': '$line'"
+       fi
+       rm -f "$bn.gen"
+       exit 1
+}
+
+genopt_soptc() {
+       optc=`echo "$line" | sed 's/^[<>]\(.\).*$/\1/'`
+       test x"$optc" = x'|' && return
+       optclo=`echo "$optc" | tr $allu $alll`
+       if test x"$optc" = x"$optclo"; then
+               islo=1
+       else
+               islo=0
+       fi
+       sym=`echo "$line" | sed 's/^[<>]/|/'`
+       o_str=$o_str$nl"<$optclo$islo$sym"
+}
+
+genopt_scond() {
+       case x$cond in
+       x)
+               cond=
+               ;;
+       x*' '*)
+               cond=`echo "$cond" | sed 's/^ //'`
+               cond="#if $cond"
+               ;;
+       x'!'*)
+               cond=`echo "$cond" | sed 's/^!//'`
+               cond="#ifndef $cond"
+               ;;
+       x*)
+               cond="#ifdef $cond"
+               ;;
+       esac
+}
+
+do_genopt() {
+       srcfile=$1
+       test -f "$srcfile" || genopt_die Source file \$srcfile not set.
+       bn=`basename "$srcfile" | sed 's/.opt$//'`
+       o_hdr='/* +++ GENERATED FILE +++ DO NOT EDIT +++ */'
+       o_gen=
+       o_str=
+       o_sym=
+       ddefs=
+       state=0
+       exec <"$srcfile"
+       IFS=
+       while IFS= read line; do
+               IFS=$safeIFS
+               case $state:$line in
+               2:'|'*)
+                       # end of input
+                       o_sym=`echo "$line" | sed 's/^.//'`
+                       o_gen=$o_gen$nl"#undef F0"
+                       o_gen=$o_gen$nl"#undef FN"
+                       o_gen=$o_gen$ddefs
+                       state=3
+                       ;;
+               1:@@)
+                       # begin of data block
+                       o_gen=$o_gen$nl"#endif"
+                       o_gen=$o_gen$nl"#ifndef F0"
+                       o_gen=$o_gen$nl"#define F0 FN"
+                       o_gen=$o_gen$nl"#endif"
+                       state=2
+                       ;;
+               *:@@*)
+                       genopt_die ;;
+               0:/\*-|0:\ \**|0:)
+                       o_hdr=$o_hdr$nl$line
+                       ;;
+               0:@*|1:@*)
+                       # begin of a definition block
+                       sym=`echo "$line" | sed 's/^@//'`
+                       if test $state = 0; then
+                               o_gen=$o_gen$nl"#if defined($sym)"
+                       else
+                               o_gen=$o_gen$nl"#elif defined($sym)"
+                       fi
+                       ddefs="$ddefs$nl#undef $sym"
+                       state=1
+                       ;;
+               0:*|3:*)
+                       genopt_die ;;
+               1:*)
+                       # definition line
+                       o_gen=$o_gen$nl$line
+                       ;;
+               2:'<'*'|'*)
+                       genopt_soptc
+                       ;;
+               2:'>'*'|'*)
+                       genopt_soptc
+                       cond=`echo "$line" | sed 's/^[^|]*|//'`
+                       genopt_scond
+                       case $optc in
+                       '|') optc=0 ;;
+                       *) optc=\'$optc\' ;;
+                       esac
+                       IFS= read line || genopt_die Unexpected EOF
+                       IFS=$safeIFS
+                       test -n "$cond" && o_gen=$o_gen$nl"$cond"
+                       o_gen=$o_gen$nl"$line, $optc)"
+                       test -n "$cond" && o_gen=$o_gen$nl"#endif"
+                       ;;
+               esac
+       done
+       case $state:$o_sym in
+       3:) genopt_die Expected optc sym at EOF ;;
+       3:*) ;;
+       *) genopt_die Missing EOF marker ;;
+       esac
+       echo "$o_str" | sort | while IFS='|' read x opts cond; do
+               IFS=$safeIFS
+               test -n "$x" || continue
+               genopt_scond
+               test -n "$cond" && echo "$cond"
+               echo "\"$opts\""
+               test -n "$cond" && echo "#endif"
+       done | {
+               echo "$o_hdr"
+               echo "#ifndef $o_sym$o_gen"
+               echo "#else"
+               cat
+               echo "#undef $o_sym"
+               echo "#endif"
+       } >"$bn.gen"
+       IFS=$safeIFS
+       return 0
+}
+
+if test x"$BUILDSH_RUN_GENOPT" = x"1"; then
+       set x -G "$srcfile"
+       shift
+fi
+if test x"$1" = x"-G"; then
+       do_genopt "$2"
+       exit $?
+fi
+
+echo "For the build logs, demonstrate that /dev/null and /dev/tty exist:"
+ls -l /dev/null /dev/tty
+
+v() {
+       $e "$*"
+       eval "$@"
+}
+
+vv() {
+       _c=$1
+       shift
+       $e "\$ $*" 2>&1
+       eval "$@" >vv.out 2>&1
+       sed "s\a^\a${_c} \a" <vv.out
+}
+
+vq() {
+       eval "$@"
+}
+
+rmf() {
+       for _f in "$@"; do
+               case $_f in
+               Build.sh|check.pl|check.t|dot.mkshrc|*.1|*.c|*.h|*.ico|*.opt) ;;
+               *) rm -f "$_f" ;;
+               esac
+       done
+}
+
+tcfn=no
+bi=
+ui=
+ao=
+fx=
+me=`basename "$0"`
+orig_CFLAGS=$CFLAGS
+phase=x
+oldish_ed=stdout-ed,no-stderr-ed
+
+if test -t 1; then
+       bi='\e[1m'
+       ui='\e[4m'
+       ao='\e[0m'
+fi
+
+upper() {
+       echo :"$@" | sed 's/^://' | tr $alll $allu
+}
+
+# clean up after ac_testrun()
+ac_testdone() {
+       eval HAVE_$fu=$fv
+       fr=no
+       test 0 = $fv || fr=yes
+       $e "$bi==> $fd...$ao $ui$fr$ao$fx"
+       fx=
+}
+
+# ac_cache label: sets f, fu, fv?=0
+ac_cache() {
+       f=$1
+       fu=`upper $f`
+       eval fv=\$HAVE_$fu
+       case $fv in
+       0|1)
+               fx=' (cached)'
+               return 0
+               ;;
+       esac
+       fv=0
+       return 1
+}
+
+# ac_testinit label [!] checkif[!]0 [setlabelifcheckis[!]0] useroutput
+# returns 1 if value was cached/implied, 0 otherwise: call ac_testdone
+ac_testinit() {
+       if ac_cache $1; then
+               test x"$2" = x"!" && shift
+               test x"$2" = x"" || shift
+               fd=${3-$f}
+               ac_testdone
+               return 1
+       fi
+       fc=0
+       if test x"$2" = x""; then
+               ft=1
+       else
+               if test x"$2" = x"!"; then
+                       fc=1
+                       shift
+               fi
+               eval ft=\$HAVE_`upper $2`
+               shift
+       fi
+       fd=${3-$f}
+       if test $fc = "$ft"; then
+               fv=$2
+               fx=' (implied)'
+               ac_testdone
+               return 1
+       fi
+       $e ... $fd
+       return 0
+}
+
+# pipe .c | ac_test[n] [!] label [!] checkif[!]0 [setlabelifcheckis[!]0] useroutput
+ac_testnnd() {
+       if test x"$1" = x"!"; then
+               fr=1
+               shift
+       else
+               fr=0
+       fi
+       ac_testinit "$@" || return 1
+       cat >conftest.c
+       vv ']' "$CC $CFLAGS $CPPFLAGS $LDFLAGS $NOWARN conftest.c $LIBS $ccpr"
+       test $tcfn = no && test -f a.out && tcfn=a.out
+       test $tcfn = no && test -f a.exe && tcfn=a.exe
+       test $tcfn = no && test -f conftest.exe && tcfn=conftest.exe
+       test $tcfn = no && test -f conftest && tcfn=conftest
+       if test -f $tcfn; then
+               test 1 = $fr || fv=1
+       else
+               test 0 = $fr || fv=1
+       fi
+       vscan=
+       if test $phase = u; then
+               test $ct = gcc && vscan='unrecogni[sz]ed'
+               test $ct = hpcc && vscan='unsupported'
+               test $ct = pcc && vscan='unsupported'
+               test $ct = sunpro && vscan='-e ignored -e turned.off'
+       fi
+       test -n "$vscan" && grep $vscan vv.out >/dev/null 2>&1 && fv=$fr
+       return 0
+}
+ac_testn() {
+       ac_testnnd "$@" || return
+       rmf conftest.c conftest.o ${tcfn}* vv.out
+       ac_testdone
+}
+
+# ac_ifcpp cppexpr [!] label [!] checkif[!]0 [setlabelifcheckis[!]0] useroutput
+ac_ifcpp() {
+       expr=$1; shift
+       ac_testn "$@" <<-EOF
+               #include <unistd.h>
+               extern int thiswillneverbedefinedIhope(void);
+               int main(void) { return (isatty(0) +
+               #$expr
+                   0
+               #else
+               /* force a failure: expr is false */
+                   thiswillneverbedefinedIhope()
+               #endif
+                   ); }
+EOF
+       test x"$1" = x"!" && shift
+       f=$1
+       fu=`upper $f`
+       eval fv=\$HAVE_$fu
+       test x"$fv" = x"1"
+}
+
+add_cppflags() {
+       CPPFLAGS="$CPPFLAGS $*"
+}
+
+ac_cppflags() {
+       test x"$1" = x"" || fu=$1
+       fv=$2
+       test x"$2" = x"" && eval fv=\$HAVE_$fu
+       add_cppflags -DHAVE_$fu=$fv
+}
+
+ac_test() {
+       ac_testn "$@"
+       ac_cppflags
+}
+
+# ac_flags [-] add varname cflags [text] [ldflags]
+ac_flags() {
+       if test x"$1" = x"-"; then
+               shift
+               hf=1
+       else
+               hf=0
+       fi
+       fa=$1
+       vn=$2
+       f=$3
+       ft=$4
+       fl=$5
+       test x"$ft" = x"" && ft="if $f can be used"
+       save_CFLAGS=$CFLAGS
+       CFLAGS="$CFLAGS $f"
+       if test -n "$fl"; then
+               save_LDFLAGS=$LDFLAGS
+               LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS $fl"
+       fi
+       if test 1 = $hf; then
+               ac_testn can_$vn '' "$ft"
+       else
+               ac_testn can_$vn '' "$ft" <<-'EOF'
+                       /* evil apo'stroph in comment test */
+                       #include <unistd.h>
+                       int main(void) { return (isatty(0)); }
+               EOF
+       fi
+       eval fv=\$HAVE_CAN_`upper $vn`
+       if test -n "$fl"; then
+               test 11 = $fa$fv || LDFLAGS=$save_LDFLAGS
+       fi
+       test 11 = $fa$fv || CFLAGS=$save_CFLAGS
+}
+
+# ac_header [!] header [prereq ...]
+ac_header() {
+       if test x"$1" = x"!"; then
+               na=1
+               shift
+       else
+               na=0
+       fi
+       hf=$1; shift
+       hv=`echo "$hf" | tr -d '\012\015' | tr -c $alll$allu$alln $alls`
+       echo "/* NeXTstep bug workaround */" >x
+       for i
+       do
+               case $i in
+               _time)
+                       echo '#if HAVE_BOTH_TIME_H' >>x
+                       echo '#include <sys/time.h>' >>x
+                       echo '#include <time.h>' >>x
+                       echo '#elif HAVE_SYS_TIME_H' >>x
+                       echo '#include <sys/time.h>' >>x
+                       echo '#elif HAVE_TIME_H' >>x
+                       echo '#include <time.h>' >>x
+                       echo '#endif' >>x
+                       ;;
+               *)
+                       echo "#include <$i>" >>x
+                       ;;
+               esac
+       done
+       echo "#include <$hf>" >>x
+       echo '#include <unistd.h>' >>x
+       echo 'int main(void) { return (isatty(0)); }' >>x
+       ac_testn "$hv" "" "<$hf>" <x
+       rmf x
+       test 1 = $na || ac_cppflags
+}
+
+addsrcs() {
+       if test x"$1" = x"!"; then
+               fr=0
+               shift
+       else
+               fr=1
+       fi
+       eval i=\$$1
+       test $fr = "$i" && case " $SRCS " in
+       *\ $2\ *)       ;;
+       *)              SRCS="$SRCS $2" ;;
+       esac
+}
+
+
+curdir=`pwd` srcdir=`dirname "$0" 2>/dev/null`
+case x$srcdir in
+x)
+       srcdir=.
+       ;;
+*\ *|*"        "*|*"$nl"*)
+       echo >&2 Source directory should not contain space or tab or newline.
+       echo >&2 Errors may occur.
+       ;;
+*"'"*)
+       echo Source directory must not contain single quotes.
+       exit 1
+       ;;
+esac
+dstversion=`sed -n '/define MKSH_VERSION/s/^.*"\([^"]*\)".*$/\1/p' "$srcdir/sh.h"`
+add_cppflags -DMKSH_BUILDSH
+
+e=echo
+r=0
+eq=0
+pm=0
+cm=normal
+optflags=-std-compile-opts
+check_categories=
+last=
+tfn=
+legacy=0
+
+for i
+do
+       case $last:$i in
+       c:combine|c:dragonegg|c:llvm|c:lto)
+               cm=$i
+               last=
+               ;;
+       c:*)
+               echo "$me: Unknown option -c '$i'!" >&2
+               exit 1
+               ;;
+       o:*)
+               optflags=$i
+               last=
+               ;;
+       t:*)
+               tfn=$i
+               last=
+               ;;
+       :-c)
+               last=c
+               ;;
+       :-G)
+               echo "$me: Do not call me with '-G'!" >&2
+               exit 1
+               ;;
+       :-g)
+               # checker, debug, valgrind build
+               add_cppflags -DDEBUG
+               CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -g3 -fno-builtin"
+               ;;
+       :-j)
+               pm=1
+               ;;
+       :-L)
+               legacy=1
+               ;;
+       :+L)
+               legacy=0
+               ;;
+       :-M)
+               cm=makefile
+               ;;
+       :-O)
+               optflags=-std-compile-opts
+               ;;
+       :-o)
+               last=o
+               ;;
+       :-Q)
+               eq=1
+               ;;
+       :-r)
+               r=1
+               ;;
+       :-t)
+               last=t
+               ;;
+       :-v)
+               echo "Build.sh $srcversion"
+               echo "for mksh $dstversion"
+               exit 0
+               ;;
+       :*)
+               echo "$me: Unknown option '$i'!" >&2
+               exit 1
+               ;;
+       *)
+               echo "$me: Unknown option -'$last' '$i'!" >&2
+               exit 1
+               ;;
+       esac
+done
+if test -n "$last"; then
+       echo "$me: Option -'$last' not followed by argument!" >&2
+       exit 1
+fi
+
+test -z "$tfn" && if test $legacy = 0; then
+       tfn=mksh
+else
+       tfn=lksh
+fi
+if test -d $tfn || test -d $tfn.exe; then
+       echo "$me: Error: ./$tfn is a directory!" >&2
+       exit 1
+fi
+rmf a.exe* a.out* conftest.c conftest.exe* *core core.* ${tfn}* *.bc *.dbg \
+    *.ll *.o *.gen Rebuild.sh lft no signames.inc test.sh x vv.out
+
+SRCS="lalloc.c eval.c exec.c expr.c funcs.c histrap.c jobs.c"
+SRCS="$SRCS lex.c main.c misc.c shf.c syn.c tree.c var.c"
+
+if test $legacy = 0; then
+       SRCS="$SRCS edit.c"
+       check_categories="$check_categories shell:legacy-no int:32"
+else
+       check_categories="$check_categories shell:legacy-yes"
+       add_cppflags -DMKSH_LEGACY_MODE
+       HAVE_PERSISTENT_HISTORY=0
+       HAVE_ISSET_MKSH_CONSERVATIVE_FDS=1      # from sh.h
+fi
+
+if test x"$srcdir" = x"."; then
+       CPPFLAGS="-I. $CPPFLAGS"
+else
+       CPPFLAGS="-I. -I'$srcdir' $CPPFLAGS"
+fi
+test -n "$LDSTATIC" && if test -n "$LDFLAGS"; then
+       LDFLAGS="$LDFLAGS $LDSTATIC"
+else
+       LDFLAGS=$LDSTATIC
+fi
+
+if test -z "$TARGET_OS"; then
+       x=`uname -s 2>/dev/null || uname`
+       test x"$x" = x"`uname -n 2>/dev/null`" || TARGET_OS=$x
+fi
+if test -z "$TARGET_OS"; then
+       echo "$me: Set TARGET_OS, your uname is broken!" >&2
+       exit 1
+fi
+oswarn=
+ccpc=-Wc,
+ccpl=-Wl,
+tsts=
+ccpr='|| for _f in ${tcfn}*; do case $_f in Build.sh|check.pl|check.t|dot.mkshrc|*.1|*.c|*.h|*.ico|*.opt) ;; *) rm -f "$_f" ;; esac; done'
+
+# Evil hack
+if test x"$TARGET_OS" = x"Android"; then
+       check_categories="$check_categories android"
+       TARGET_OS=Linux
+fi
+
+# Evil OS
+if test x"$TARGET_OS" = x"Minix"; then
+       echo >&2 "
+WARNING: additional checks before running Build.sh required!
+You can avoid these by calling Build.sh correctly, see below.
+"
+       cat >conftest.c <<'EOF'
+#include <sys/types.h>
+const char *
+#ifdef _NETBSD_SOURCE
+ct="Ninix3"
+#else
+ct="Minix3"
+#endif
+;
+EOF
+       ct=unknown
+       vv ']' "${CC-cc} -E $CFLAGS $CPPFLAGS $NOWARN conftest.c | grep ct= | tr -d \\\\015 >x"
+       sed 's/^/[ /' x
+       eval `cat x`
+       rmf x vv.out
+       case $ct in
+       Minix3|Ninix3)
+               echo >&2 "
+Warning: you set TARGET_OS to $TARGET_OS but that is ambiguous.
+Please set it to either Minix3 or Ninix3, whereas the latter is
+all versions of Minix with even partial NetBSD(R) userland. The
+value determined from your compiler for the current compilation
+(which may be wrong) is: $ct
+"
+               TARGET_OS=$ct
+               ;;
+       *)
+               echo >&2 "
+Warning: you set TARGET_OS to $TARGET_OS but that is ambiguous.
+Please set it to either Minix3 or Ninix3, whereas the latter is
+all versions of Minix with even partial NetBSD(R) userland. The
+proper value couldn't be determined, continue at your own risk.
+"
+               ;;
+       esac
+fi
+
+# Configuration depending on OS revision, on OSes that need them
+case $TARGET_OS in
+NEXTSTEP)
+       test x"$TARGET_OSREV" = x"" && TARGET_OSREV=`hostinfo 2>&1 | \
+           grep 'NeXT Mach [0-9][0-9.]*:' | \
+           sed 's/^.*NeXT Mach \([0-9][0-9.]*\):.*$/\1/'`
+       ;;
+QNX|SCO_SV)
+       test x"$TARGET_OSREV" = x"" && TARGET_OSREV=`uname -r`
+       ;;
+esac
+
+# Configuration depending on OS name
+case $TARGET_OS in
+386BSD)
+       : "${HAVE_CAN_OTWO=0}"
+       add_cppflags -DMKSH_NO_SIGSETJMP
+       add_cppflags -DMKSH_TYPEDEF_SIG_ATOMIC_T=int
+       add_cppflags -DMKSH_CONSERVATIVE_FDS
+       ;;
+AIX)
+       add_cppflags -D_ALL_SOURCE
+       : "${HAVE_SETLOCALE_CTYPE=0}"
+       ;;
+BeOS)
+       case $KSH_VERSION in
+       *MIRBSD\ KSH*)
+               oswarn="; it has minor issues"
+               ;;
+       *)
+               oswarn="; you must recompile mksh with"
+               oswarn="$oswarn${nl}itself in a second stage"
+               ;;
+       esac
+       # BeOS has no real tty either
+       add_cppflags -DMKSH_UNEMPLOYED
+       add_cppflags -DMKSH_DISABLE_TTY_WARNING
+       # BeOS doesn't have different UIDs and GIDs
+       add_cppflags -DMKSH__NO_SETEUGID
+       ;;
+BSD/OS)
+       : "${HAVE_SETLOCALE_CTYPE=0}"
+       ;;
+Coherent)
+       oswarn="; it has major issues"
+       add_cppflags -DMKSH__NO_SYMLINK
+       check_categories="$check_categories nosymlink"
+       add_cppflags -DMKSH__NO_SETEUGID
+       add_cppflags -DMKSH_CONSERVATIVE_FDS
+       add_cppflags -DMKSH_DISABLE_TTY_WARNING
+       ;;
+CYGWIN*)
+       : "${HAVE_SETLOCALE_CTYPE=0}"
+       ;;
+Darwin)
+       add_cppflags -D_DARWIN_C_SOURCE
+       ;;
+DragonFly)
+       ;;
+FreeBSD)
+       ;;
+FreeMiNT)
+       oswarn="; it has minor issues"
+       add_cppflags -D_GNU_SOURCE
+       add_cppflags -DMKSH_CONSERVATIVE_FDS
+       : "${HAVE_SETLOCALE_CTYPE=0}"
+       ;;
+GNU)
+       case $CC in
+       *tendracc*) ;;
+       *) add_cppflags -D_GNU_SOURCE ;;
+       esac
+       add_cppflags -DSETUID_CAN_FAIL_WITH_EAGAIN
+       # define MKSH__NO_PATH_MAX to use Hurd-only functions
+       add_cppflags -DMKSH__NO_PATH_MAX
+       ;;
+GNU/kFreeBSD)
+       case $CC in
+       *tendracc*) ;;
+       *) add_cppflags -D_GNU_SOURCE ;;
+       esac
+       add_cppflags -DSETUID_CAN_FAIL_WITH_EAGAIN
+       ;;
+Haiku)
+       add_cppflags -DMKSH_ASSUME_UTF8; HAVE_ISSET_MKSH_ASSUME_UTF8=1
+       ;;
+HP-UX)
+       ;;
+Interix)
+       ccpc='-X '
+       ccpl='-Y '
+       add_cppflags -D_ALL_SOURCE
+       : "${LIBS=-lcrypt}"
+       : "${HAVE_SETLOCALE_CTYPE=0}"
+       ;;
+IRIX*)
+       : "${HAVE_SETLOCALE_CTYPE=0}"
+       ;;
+Linux)
+       case $CC in
+       *tendracc*) ;;
+       *) add_cppflags -D_GNU_SOURCE ;;
+       esac
+       add_cppflags -DSETUID_CAN_FAIL_WITH_EAGAIN
+       : "${HAVE_REVOKE=0}"
+       ;;
+LynxOS)
+       oswarn="; it has minor issues"
+       ;;
+MidnightBSD)
+       ;;
+Minix-vmd)
+       add_cppflags -DMKSH__NO_SETEUGID
+       add_cppflags -DMKSH_UNEMPLOYED
+       add_cppflags -DMKSH_CONSERVATIVE_FDS
+       add_cppflags -D_MINIX_SOURCE
+       oldish_ed=no-stderr-ed          # no /bin/ed, maybe see below
+       : "${HAVE_SETLOCALE_CTYPE=0}"
+       ;;
+Minix3)
+       add_cppflags -DMKSH_UNEMPLOYED
+       add_cppflags -DMKSH_CONSERVATIVE_FDS
+       add_cppflags -DMKSH_NO_LIMITS
+       add_cppflags -D_POSIX_SOURCE -D_POSIX_1_SOURCE=2 -D_MINIX
+       oldish_ed=no-stderr-ed          # /usr/bin/ed(!) is broken
+       : "${HAVE_SETLOCALE_CTYPE=0}"
+       ;;
+MirBSD)
+       ;;
+MSYS_*)
+       add_cppflags -DMKSH_ASSUME_UTF8=0; HAVE_ISSET_MKSH_ASSUME_UTF8=1
+       # almost same as CYGWIN* (from RT|Chatzilla)
+       : "${HAVE_SETLOCALE_CTYPE=0}"
+       # broken on this OE (from ir0nh34d)
+       : "${HAVE_STDINT_H=0}"
+       ;;
+NetBSD)
+       ;;
+NEXTSTEP)
+       add_cppflags -D_NEXT_SOURCE
+       add_cppflags -D_POSIX_SOURCE
+       : "${AWK=gawk}"
+       : "${CC=cc -posix}"
+       add_cppflags -DMKSH_NO_SIGSETJMP
+       # NeXTstep cannot get a controlling tty
+       add_cppflags -DMKSH_UNEMPLOYED
+       case $TARGET_OSREV in
+       4.2*)
+               # OpenStep 4.2 is broken by default
+               oswarn="; it needs libposix.a"
+               ;;
+       esac
+       add_cppflags -DMKSH_CONSERVATIVE_FDS
+       ;;
+Ninix3)
+       # similar to Minix3
+       add_cppflags -DMKSH_UNEMPLOYED
+       add_cppflags -DMKSH_CONSERVATIVE_FDS
+       add_cppflags -DMKSH_NO_LIMITS
+       # but no idea what else could be needed
+       oswarn="; it has unknown issues"
+       ;;
+OpenBSD)
+       : "${HAVE_SETLOCALE_CTYPE=0}"
+       ;;
+OS/2)
+       HAVE_TERMIOS_H=0
+       HAVE_MKNOD=0    # setmode() incompatible
+       oswarn="; it is currently being ported"
+       check_categories="$check_categories nosymlink"
+       : "${CC=gcc}"
+       : "${SIZE=: size}"
+       add_cppflags -DMKSH_UNEMPLOYED
+       add_cppflags -DMKSH_NOPROSPECTOFWORK
+       ;;
+OSF1)
+       HAVE_SIG_T=0    # incompatible
+       add_cppflags -D_OSF_SOURCE
+       add_cppflags -D_POSIX_C_SOURCE=200112L
+       add_cppflags -D_XOPEN_SOURCE=600
+       add_cppflags -D_XOPEN_SOURCE_EXTENDED
+       : "${HAVE_SETLOCALE_CTYPE=0}"
+       ;;
+Plan9)
+       add_cppflags -D_POSIX_SOURCE
+       add_cppflags -D_LIMITS_EXTENSION
+       add_cppflags -D_BSD_EXTENSION
+       add_cppflags -D_SUSV2_SOURCE
+       add_cppflags -DMKSH_ASSUME_UTF8; HAVE_ISSET_MKSH_ASSUME_UTF8=1
+       add_cppflags -DMKSH_NO_CMDLINE_EDITING
+       add_cppflags -DMKSH__NO_SETEUGID
+       oswarn=' and will currently not work'
+       add_cppflags -DMKSH_UNEMPLOYED
+       # this is for detecting kencc
+       add_cppflags -DMKSH_MAYBE_KENCC
+       ;;
+PW32*)
+       HAVE_SIG_T=0    # incompatible
+       oswarn=' and will currently not work'
+       : "${HAVE_SETLOCALE_CTYPE=0}"
+       ;;
+QNX)
+       add_cppflags -D__NO_EXT_QNX
+       add_cppflags -D__EXT_UNIX_MISC
+       case $TARGET_OSREV in
+       [012345].*|6.[0123].*|6.4.[01])
+               oldish_ed=no-stderr-ed          # oldish /bin/ed is broken
+               ;;
+       esac
+       : "${HAVE_SETLOCALE_CTYPE=0}"
+       ;;
+SCO_SV)
+       case $TARGET_OSREV in
+       3.2*)
+               # SCO OpenServer 5
+               add_cppflags -DMKSH_UNEMPLOYED
+               ;;
+       5*)
+               # SCO OpenServer 6
+               ;;
+       *)
+               oswarn='; this is an unknown version of'
+               oswarn="$oswarn$nl$TARGET_OS ${TARGET_OSREV}, please tell me what to do"
+               ;;
+       esac
+       add_cppflags -DMKSH_CONSERVATIVE_FDS
+       : "${HAVE_SYS_SIGLIST=0}${HAVE__SYS_SIGLIST=0}"
+       ;;
+skyos)
+       oswarn="; it has minor issues"
+       ;;
+SunOS)
+       add_cppflags -D_BSD_SOURCE
+       add_cppflags -D__EXTENSIONS__
+       ;;
+syllable)
+       add_cppflags -D_GNU_SOURCE
+       add_cppflags -DMKSH_NO_SIGSUSPEND
+       oswarn=' and will currently not work'
+       ;;
+ULTRIX)
+       : "${CC=cc -YPOSIX}"
+       add_cppflags -DMKSH_TYPEDEF_SSIZE_T=int
+       add_cppflags -DMKSH_CONSERVATIVE_FDS
+       : "${HAVE_SETLOCALE_CTYPE=0}"
+       ;;
+UnixWare|UNIX_SV)
+       # SCO UnixWare
+       add_cppflags -DMKSH_CONSERVATIVE_FDS
+       : "${HAVE_SYS_SIGLIST=0}${HAVE__SYS_SIGLIST=0}"
+       ;;
+UWIN*)
+       ccpc='-Yc,'
+       ccpl='-Yl,'
+       tsts=" 3<>/dev/tty"
+       oswarn="; it will compile, but the target"
+       oswarn="$oswarn${nl}platform itself is very flakey/unreliable"
+       : "${HAVE_SETLOCALE_CTYPE=0}"
+       ;;
+_svr4)
+       # generic target for SVR4 Unix with uname -s = uname -n
+       # this duplicates the * target below
+       oswarn='; it may or may not work'
+       test x"$TARGET_OSREV" = x"" && TARGET_OSREV=`uname -r`
+       ;;
+*)
+       oswarn='; it may or may not work'
+       test x"$TARGET_OSREV" = x"" && TARGET_OSREV=`uname -r`
+       ;;
+esac
+
+: "${HAVE_MKNOD=0}"
+
+: "${AWK=awk}${CC=cc}${NROFF=nroff}${SIZE=size}"
+test 0 = $r && echo | $NROFF -v 2>&1 | grep GNU >/dev/null 2>&1 && \
+    echo | $NROFF -c >/dev/null 2>&1 && NROFF="$NROFF -c"
+
+# this aids me in tracing FTBFSen without access to the buildd
+$e "Hi from$ao $bi$srcversion$ao on:"
+case $TARGET_OS in
+AIX)
+       vv '|' "oslevel >&2"
+       vv '|' "uname -a >&2"
+       ;;
+Darwin)
+       vv '|' "hwprefs machine_type os_type os_class >&2"
+       vv '|' "sw_vers >&2"
+       vv '|' "system_profiler SPSoftwareDataType SPHardwareDataType >&2"
+       vv '|' "/bin/sh --version >&2"
+       vv '|' "xcodebuild -version >&2"
+       vv '|' "uname -a >&2"
+       vv '|' "sysctl kern.version hw.machine hw.model hw.memsize hw.availcpu hw.cpufrequency hw.byteorder hw.cpu64bit_capable >&2"
+       ;;
+IRIX*)
+       vv '|' "uname -a >&2"
+       vv '|' "hinv -v >&2"
+       ;;
+OSF1)
+       vv '|' "uname -a >&2"
+       vv '|' "/usr/sbin/sizer -v >&2"
+       ;;
+SCO_SV|UnixWare|UNIX_SV)
+       vv '|' "uname -a >&2"
+       vv '|' "uname -X >&2"
+       ;;
+*)
+       vv '|' "uname -a >&2"
+       ;;
+esac
+test -z "$oswarn" || echo >&2 "
+Warning: mksh has not yet been ported to or tested on your
+operating system '$TARGET_OS'$oswarn. If you can provide
+a shell account to the developer, this may improve; please
+drop us a success or failure notice or even send in diffs.
+"
+$e "$bi$me: Building the MirBSD Korn Shell$ao $ui$dstversion$ao on $TARGET_OS ${TARGET_OSREV}..."
+
+#
+# Begin of mirtoconf checks
+#
+$e $bi$me: Scanning for functions... please ignore any errors.$ao
+
+#
+# Compiler: which one?
+#
+# notes:
+# - ICC defines __GNUC__ too
+# - GCC defines __hpux too
+# - LLVM+clang defines __GNUC__ too
+# - nwcc defines __GNUC__ too
+CPP="$CC -E"
+$e ... which compiler seems to be used
+cat >conftest.c <<'EOF'
+const char *
+#if defined(__ICC) || defined(__INTEL_COMPILER)
+ct="icc"
+#elif defined(__xlC__) || defined(__IBMC__)
+ct="xlc"
+#elif defined(__SUNPRO_C)
+ct="sunpro"
+#elif defined(__ACK__)
+ct="ack"
+#elif defined(__BORLANDC__)
+ct="bcc"
+#elif defined(__WATCOMC__)
+ct="watcom"
+#elif defined(__MWERKS__)
+ct="metrowerks"
+#elif defined(__HP_cc)
+ct="hpcc"
+#elif defined(__DECC) || (defined(__osf__) && !defined(__GNUC__))
+ct="dec"
+#elif defined(__PGI)
+ct="pgi"
+#elif defined(__DMC__)
+ct="dmc"
+#elif defined(_MSC_VER)
+ct="msc"
+#elif defined(__ADSPBLACKFIN__) || defined(__ADSPTS__) || defined(__ADSP21000__)
+ct="adsp"
+#elif defined(__IAR_SYSTEMS_ICC__)
+ct="iar"
+#elif defined(SDCC)
+ct="sdcc"
+#elif defined(__PCC__)
+ct="pcc"
+#elif defined(__TenDRA__)
+ct="tendra"
+#elif defined(__TINYC__)
+ct="tcc"
+#elif defined(__llvm__) && defined(__clang__)
+ct="clang"
+#elif defined(__NWCC__)
+ct="nwcc"
+#elif defined(__GNUC__)
+ct="gcc"
+#elif defined(_COMPILER_VERSION)
+ct="mipspro"
+#elif defined(__sgi)
+ct="mipspro"
+#elif defined(__hpux) || defined(__hpua)
+ct="hpcc"
+#elif defined(__ultrix)
+ct="ucode"
+#elif defined(__USLC__)
+ct="uslc"
+#elif defined(__LCC__)
+ct="lcc"
+#elif defined(MKSH_MAYBE_KENCC)
+/* and none of the above matches */
+ct="kencc"
+#else
+ct="unknown"
+#endif
+;
+const char *
+#if defined(__KLIBC__) && !defined(__OS2__)
+et="klibc"
+#else
+et="unknown"
+#endif
+;
+EOF
+ct=untested
+et=untested
+vv ']' "$CPP $CFLAGS $CPPFLAGS $NOWARN conftest.c | \
+    sed -n '/^ *[ce]t *= */s/^ *\([ce]t\) *= */\1=/p' | tr -d \\\\015 >x"
+sed 's/^/[ /' x
+eval `cat x`
+rmf x vv.out
+cat >conftest.c <<'EOF'
+#include <unistd.h>
+int main(void) { return (isatty(0)); }
+EOF
+case $ct in
+ack)
+       # work around "the famous ACK const bug"
+       CPPFLAGS="-Dconst= $CPPFLAGS"
+       ;;
+adsp)
+       echo >&2 'Warning: Analog Devices C++ compiler for Blackfin, TigerSHARC
+    and SHARC (21000) DSPs detected. This compiler has not yet
+    been tested for compatibility with mksh. Continue at your
+    own risk, please report success/failure to the developers.'
+       ;;
+bcc)
+       echo >&2 "Warning: Borland C++ Builder detected. This compiler might
+    produce broken executables. Continue at your own risk,
+    please report success/failure to the developers."
+       ;;
+clang)
+       # does not work with current "ccc" compiler driver
+       vv '|' "$CC $CFLAGS $CPPFLAGS $LDFLAGS $NOWARN $LIBS -version"
+       # one of these two works, for now
+       vv '|' "${CLANG-clang} -version"
+       vv '|' "${CLANG-clang} --version"
+       # ensure compiler and linker are in sync unless overridden
+       case $CCC_CC:$CCC_LD in
+       :*)     ;;
+       *:)     CCC_LD=$CCC_CC; export CCC_LD ;;
+       esac
+       ;;
+dec)
+       vv '|' "$CC $CFLAGS $CPPFLAGS $LDFLAGS $NOWARN $LIBS -V"
+       vv '|' "$CC $CFLAGS $CPPFLAGS $LDFLAGS $NOWARN -Wl,-V conftest.c $LIBS"
+       ;;
+dmc)
+       echo >&2 "Warning: Digital Mars Compiler detected. When running under"
+       echo >&2 "    UWIN, mksh tends to be unstable due to the limitations"
+       echo >&2 "    of this platform. Continue at your own risk,"
+       echo >&2 "    please report success/failure to the developers."
+       ;;
+gcc)
+       vv '|' "$CC $CFLAGS $CPPFLAGS $LDFLAGS $NOWARN -v conftest.c $LIBS"
+       vv '|' 'echo `$CC $CFLAGS $CPPFLAGS $LDFLAGS $NOWARN $LIBS \
+           -dumpmachine` gcc`$CC $CFLAGS $CPPFLAGS $LDFLAGS $NOWARN \
+           $LIBS -dumpversion`'
+       ;;
+hpcc)
+       vv '|' "$CC $CFLAGS $CPPFLAGS $LDFLAGS $NOWARN -V conftest.c $LIBS"
+       ;;
+iar)
+       echo >&2 'Warning: IAR Systems (http://www.iar.com) compiler for embedded
+    systems detected. This unsupported compiler has not yet
+    been tested for compatibility with mksh. Continue at your
+    own risk, please report success/failure to the developers.'
+       ;;
+icc)
+       vv '|' "$CC $CFLAGS $CPPFLAGS $LDFLAGS $NOWARN $LIBS -V"
+       ;;
+kencc)
+       vv '|' "$CC $CFLAGS $CPPFLAGS $LDFLAGS $NOWARN -v conftest.c $LIBS"
+       ;;
+lcc)
+       vv '|' "$CC $CFLAGS $CPPFLAGS $LDFLAGS $NOWARN -v conftest.c $LIBS"
+       add_cppflags -D__inline__=__inline
+       ;;
+metrowerks)
+       echo >&2 'Warning: Metrowerks C compiler detected. This has not yet
+    been tested for compatibility with mksh. Continue at your
+    own risk, please report success/failure to the developers.'
+       ;;
+mipspro)
+       vv '|' "$CC $CFLAGS $CPPFLAGS $LDFLAGS $NOWARN $LIBS -version"
+       ;;
+msc)
+       ccpr=           # errorlevels are not reliable
+       case $TARGET_OS in
+       Interix)
+               if [[ -n $C89_COMPILER ]]; then
+                       C89_COMPILER=`ntpath2posix -c "$C89_COMPILER"`
+               else
+                       C89_COMPILER=CL.EXE
+               fi
+               if [[ -n $C89_LINKER ]]; then
+                       C89_LINKER=`ntpath2posix -c "$C89_LINKER"`
+               else
+                       C89_LINKER=LINK.EXE
+               fi
+               vv '|' "$C89_COMPILER /HELP >&2"
+               vv '|' "$C89_LINKER /LINK >&2"
+               ;;
+       esac
+       ;;
+nwcc)
+       vv '|' "$CC $CFLAGS $CPPFLAGS $LDFLAGS $NOWARN $LIBS -version"
+       ;;
+pcc)
+       vv '|' "$CC $CFLAGS $CPPFLAGS $LDFLAGS $NOWARN $LIBS -v"
+       ;;
+pgi)
+       echo >&2 'Warning: PGI detected. This unknown compiler has not yet
+    been tested for compatibility with mksh. Continue at your
+    own risk, please report success/failure to the developers.'
+       ;;
+sdcc)
+       echo >&2 'Warning: sdcc (http://sdcc.sourceforge.net), the small devices
+    C compiler for embedded systems detected. This has not yet
+    been tested for compatibility with mksh. Continue at your
+    own risk, please report success/failure to the developers.'
+       ;;
+sunpro)
+       vv '|' "$CC $CFLAGS $CPPFLAGS $LDFLAGS $NOWARN -V conftest.c $LIBS"
+       ;;
+tcc)
+       vv '|' "$CC $CFLAGS $CPPFLAGS $LDFLAGS $NOWARN $LIBS -v"
+       ;;
+tendra)
+       vv '|' "$CC $CFLAGS $CPPFLAGS $LDFLAGS $NOWARN $LIBS -V 2>&1 | \
+           grep -F -i -e version -e release"
+       ;;
+ucode)
+       vv '|' "$CC $CFLAGS $CPPFLAGS $LDFLAGS $NOWARN $LIBS -V"
+       vv '|' "$CC $CFLAGS $CPPFLAGS $LDFLAGS $NOWARN -Wl,-V conftest.c $LIBS"
+       ;;
+uslc)
+       case $TARGET_OS:$TARGET_OSREV in
+       SCO_SV:3.2*)
+               # SCO OpenServer 5
+               CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -g"
+               : "${HAVE_CAN_OTWO=0}${HAVE_CAN_OPTIMISE=0}"
+               ;;
+       esac
+       vv '|' "$CC $CFLAGS $CPPFLAGS $LDFLAGS $NOWARN -V conftest.c $LIBS"
+       ;;
+watcom)
+       vv '|' "$CC $CFLAGS $CPPFLAGS $LDFLAGS $NOWARN -v conftest.c $LIBS"
+       ;;
+xlc)
+       vv '|' "$CC $CFLAGS $CPPFLAGS $LDFLAGS $NOWARN $LIBS -qversion"
+       vv '|' "$CC $CFLAGS $CPPFLAGS $LDFLAGS $NOWARN $LIBS -qversion=verbose"
+       vv '|' "ld -V"
+       ;;
+*)
+       test x"$ct" = x"untested" && $e "!!! detecting preprocessor failed"
+       ct=unknown
+       vv "$CC --version"
+       vv '|' "$CC $CFLAGS $CPPFLAGS $LDFLAGS $NOWARN -v conftest.c $LIBS"
+       vv '|' "$CC $CFLAGS $CPPFLAGS $LDFLAGS $NOWARN -V conftest.c $LIBS"
+       ;;
+esac
+case $cm in
+dragonegg|llvm)
+       vv '|' "llc -version"
+       ;;
+esac
+etd=" on $et"
+case $et in
+klibc)
+       add_cppflags -DMKSH_NO_LIMITS
+       ;;
+unknown)
+       # nothing special detected, don’t worry
+       etd=
+       ;;
+*)
+       # huh?
+       ;;
+esac
+$e "$bi==> which compiler seems to be used...$ao $ui$ct$etd$ao"
+rmf conftest.c conftest.o conftest a.out* a.exe* conftest.exe* vv.out
+
+#
+# Compiler: works as-is, with -Wno-error and -Werror
+#
+save_NOWARN=$NOWARN
+NOWARN=
+DOWARN=
+ac_flags 0 compiler_works '' 'if the compiler works'
+test 1 = $HAVE_CAN_COMPILER_WORKS || exit 1
+HAVE_COMPILER_KNOWN=0
+test $ct = unknown || HAVE_COMPILER_KNOWN=1
+if ac_ifcpp 'if 0' compiler_fails '' \
+    'if the compiler does not fail correctly'; then
+       save_CFLAGS=$CFLAGS
+       : "${HAVE_CAN_DELEXE=x}"
+       case $ct in
+       dec)
+               CFLAGS="$CFLAGS ${ccpl}-non_shared"
+               ac_testn can_delexe compiler_fails 0 'for the -non_shared linker option' <<-EOF
+                       #include <unistd.h>
+                       int main(void) { return (isatty(0)); }
+               EOF
+               ;;
+       dmc)
+               CFLAGS="$CFLAGS ${ccpl}/DELEXECUTABLE"
+               ac_testn can_delexe compiler_fails 0 'for the /DELEXECUTABLE linker option' <<-EOF
+                       #include <unistd.h>
+                       int main(void) { return (isatty(0)); }
+               EOF
+               ;;
+       *)
+               exit 1
+               ;;
+       esac
+       test 1 = $HAVE_CAN_DELEXE || CFLAGS=$save_CFLAGS
+       ac_testn compiler_still_fails '' 'if the compiler still does not fail correctly' <<-EOF
+       EOF
+       test 1 = $HAVE_COMPILER_STILL_FAILS && exit 1
+fi
+if ac_ifcpp 'ifdef __TINYC__' couldbe_tcc '!' compiler_known 0 \
+    'if this could be tcc'; then
+       ct=tcc
+       CPP='cpp -D__TINYC__'
+       HAVE_COMPILER_KNOWN=1
+fi
+
+case $ct in
+bcc)
+       save_NOWARN="${ccpc}-w"
+       DOWARN="${ccpc}-w!"
+       ;;
+dec)
+       # -msg_* flags not used yet, or is -w2 correct?
+       ;;
+dmc)
+       save_NOWARN="${ccpc}-w"
+       DOWARN="${ccpc}-wx"
+       ;;
+hpcc)
+       save_NOWARN=
+       DOWARN=+We
+       ;;
+kencc)
+       save_NOWARN=
+       DOWARN=
+       ;;
+mipspro)
+       save_NOWARN=
+       DOWARN="-diag_error 1-10000"
+       ;;
+msc)
+       save_NOWARN="${ccpc}/w"
+       DOWARN="${ccpc}/WX"
+       ;;
+sunpro)
+       test x"$save_NOWARN" = x"" && save_NOWARN='-errwarn=%none'
+       ac_flags 0 errwarnnone "$save_NOWARN"
+       test 1 = $HAVE_CAN_ERRWARNNONE || save_NOWARN=
+       ac_flags 0 errwarnall "-errwarn=%all"
+       test 1 = $HAVE_CAN_ERRWARNALL && DOWARN="-errwarn=%all"
+       ;;
+tendra)
+       save_NOWARN=-w
+       ;;
+ucode)
+       save_NOWARN=
+       DOWARN=-w2
+       ;;
+watcom)
+       save_NOWARN=
+       DOWARN=-Wc,-we
+       ;;
+xlc)
+       save_NOWARN=-qflag=i:e
+       DOWARN=-qflag=i:i
+       ;;
+*)
+       test x"$save_NOWARN" = x"" && save_NOWARN=-Wno-error
+       ac_flags 0 wnoerror "$save_NOWARN"
+       test 1 = $HAVE_CAN_WNOERROR || save_NOWARN=
+       ac_flags 0 werror -Werror
+       test 1 = $HAVE_CAN_WERROR && DOWARN=-Werror
+       test $ct = icc && DOWARN="$DOWARN -wd1419"
+       ;;
+esac
+NOWARN=$save_NOWARN
+
+#
+# Compiler: extra flags (-O2 -f* -W* etc.)
+#
+i=`echo :"$orig_CFLAGS" | sed 's/^://' | tr -c -d $alll$allu$alln`
+# optimisation: only if orig_CFLAGS is empty
+test x"$i" = x"" && case $ct in
+hpcc)
+       phase=u
+       ac_flags 1 otwo +O2
+       phase=x
+       ;;
+kencc|tcc|tendra)
+       # no special optimisation
+       ;;
+sunpro)
+       cat >x <<-'EOF'
+               #include <unistd.h>
+               int main(void) { return (isatty(0)); }
+               #define __IDSTRING_CONCAT(l,p)  __LINTED__ ## l ## _ ## p
+               #define __IDSTRING_EXPAND(l,p)  __IDSTRING_CONCAT(l,p)
+               #define pad                     void __IDSTRING_EXPAND(__LINE__,x)(void) { }
+       EOF
+       yes pad | head -n 256 >>x
+       ac_flags - 1 otwo -xO2 <x
+       rmf x
+       ;;
+xlc)
+       ac_flags 1 othree "-O3 -qstrict"
+       test 1 = $HAVE_CAN_OTHREE || ac_flags 1 otwo -O2
+       ;;
+*)
+       ac_flags 1 otwo -O2
+       test 1 = $HAVE_CAN_OTWO || ac_flags 1 optimise -O
+       ;;
+esac
+# other flags: just add them if they are supported
+i=0
+case $ct in
+bcc)
+       ac_flags 1 strpool "${ccpc}-d" 'if string pooling can be enabled'
+       ;;
+clang)
+       i=1
+       ;;
+dec)
+       ac_flags 0 verb -verbose
+       ac_flags 1 rodata -readonly_strings
+       ;;
+dmc)
+       ac_flags 1 decl "${ccpc}-r" 'for strict prototype checks'
+       ac_flags 1 schk "${ccpc}-s" 'for stack overflow checking'
+       ;;
+gcc)
+       # The following tests run with -Werror (gcc only) if possible
+       NOWARN=$DOWARN; phase=u
+       ac_flags 1 wnodeprecateddecls -Wno-deprecated-declarations
+       # mksh is not written in CFrustFrust!
+       ac_flags 1 no_eh_frame -fno-asynchronous-unwind-tables
+       ac_flags 1 fnostrictaliasing -fno-strict-aliasing
+       ac_flags 1 fstackprotectorstrong -fstack-protector-strong
+       test 1 = $HAVE_CAN_FSTACKPROTECTORSTRONG || \
+           ac_flags 1 fstackprotectorall -fstack-protector-all
+       test $cm = dragonegg && case " $CC $CFLAGS $LDFLAGS " in
+       *\ -fplugin=*dragonegg*) ;;
+       *) ac_flags 1 fplugin_dragonegg -fplugin=dragonegg ;;
+       esac
+       case $cm in
+       combine)
+               fv=0
+               checks='7 8'
+               ;;
+       lto)
+               fv=0
+               checks='1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8'
+               ;;
+       *)
+               fv=1
+               ;;
+       esac
+       test $fv = 1 || for what in $checks; do
+               test $fv = 1 && break
+               case $what in
+               1)      t_cflags='-flto=jobserver'
+                       t_ldflags='-fuse-linker-plugin'
+                       t_use=1 t_name=fltojs_lp ;;
+               2)      t_cflags='-flto=jobserver' t_ldflags=''
+                       t_use=1 t_name=fltojs_nn ;;
+               3)      t_cflags='-flto=jobserver'
+                       t_ldflags='-fno-use-linker-plugin -fwhole-program'
+                       t_use=1 t_name=fltojs_np ;;
+               4)      t_cflags='-flto'
+                       t_ldflags='-fuse-linker-plugin'
+                       t_use=1 t_name=fltons_lp ;;
+               5)      t_cflags='-flto' t_ldflags=''
+                       t_use=1 t_name=fltons_nn ;;
+               6)      t_cflags='-flto'
+                       t_ldflags='-fno-use-linker-plugin -fwhole-program'
+                       t_use=1 t_name=fltons_np ;;
+               7)      t_cflags='-fwhole-program --combine' t_ldflags=''
+                       t_use=0 t_name=combine cm=combine ;;
+               8)      fv=1 cm=normal ;;
+               esac
+               test $fv = 1 && break
+               ac_flags $t_use $t_name "$t_cflags" \
+                   "if gcc supports $t_cflags $t_ldflags" "$t_ldflags"
+       done
+       i=1
+       ;;
+hpcc)
+       phase=u
+       # probably not needed
+       #ac_flags 1 agcc -Agcc 'for support of GCC extensions'
+       phase=x
+       ;;
+icc)
+       ac_flags 1 fnobuiltinsetmode -fno-builtin-setmode
+       ac_flags 1 fnostrictaliasing -fno-strict-aliasing
+       ac_flags 1 fstacksecuritycheck -fstack-security-check
+       i=1
+       ;;
+mipspro)
+       ac_flags 1 fullwarn -fullwarn 'for remark output support'
+       ;;
+msc)
+       ac_flags 1 strpool "${ccpc}/GF" 'if string pooling can be enabled'
+       echo 'int main(void) { char test[64] = ""; return (*test); }' >x
+       ac_flags - 1 stackon "${ccpc}/GZ" 'if stack checks can be enabled' <x
+       ac_flags - 1 stckall "${ccpc}/Ge" 'stack checks for all functions' <x
+       ac_flags - 1 secuchk "${ccpc}/GS" 'for compiler security checks' <x
+       rmf x
+       ac_flags 1 wall "${ccpc}/Wall" 'to enable all warnings'
+       ac_flags 1 wp64 "${ccpc}/Wp64" 'to enable 64-bit warnings'
+       ;;
+nwcc)
+       i=1
+       #broken# ac_flags 1 ssp -stackprotect
+       ;;
+sunpro)
+       phase=u
+       ac_flags 1 v -v
+       ac_flags 1 ipo -xipo 'for cross-module optimisation'
+       phase=x
+       ;;
+tcc)
+       : #broken# ac_flags 1 boundschk -b
+       ;;
+tendra)
+       ac_flags 0 ysystem -Ysystem
+       test 1 = $HAVE_CAN_YSYSTEM && CPPFLAGS="-Ysystem $CPPFLAGS"
+       ac_flags 1 extansi -Xa
+       ;;
+xlc)
+       ac_flags 1 rodata "-qro -qroconst -qroptr"
+       ac_flags 1 rtcheck -qcheck=all
+       #ac_flags 1 rtchkc -qextchk     # reported broken
+       ac_flags 1 wformat "-qformat=all -qformat=nozln"
+       #ac_flags 1 wp64 -qwarn64       # too verbose for now
+       ;;
+esac
+# flags common to a subset of compilers (run with -Werror on gcc)
+if test 1 = $i; then
+       ac_flags 1 wall -Wall
+       ac_flags 1 fwrapv -fwrapv
+fi
+
+phase=x
+# The following tests run with -Werror or similar (all compilers) if possible
+NOWARN=$DOWARN
+test $ct = pcc && phase=u
+
+#
+# Compiler: check for stuff that only generates warnings
+#
+ac_test attribute_bounded '' 'for __attribute__((__bounded__))' <<-'EOF'
+       #if defined(__TenDRA__) || (defined(__GNUC__) && (__GNUC__ < 2))
+       extern int thiswillneverbedefinedIhope(void);
+       /* force a failure: TenDRA and gcc 1.42 have false positive here */
+       int main(void) { return (thiswillneverbedefinedIhope()); }
+       #else
+       #include <string.h>
+       #undef __attribute__
+       int xcopy(const void *, void *, size_t)
+           __attribute__((__bounded__(__buffer__, 1, 3)))
+           __attribute__((__bounded__(__buffer__, 2, 3)));
+       int main(int ac, char *av[]) { return (xcopy(av[0], av[--ac], 1)); }
+       int xcopy(const void *s, void *d, size_t n) {
+               /*
+                * if memmove does not exist, we are not on a system
+                * with GCC with __bounded__ attribute either so poo
+                */
+               memmove(d, s, n); return ((int)n);
+       }
+       #endif
+EOF
+ac_test attribute_format '' 'for __attribute__((__format__))' <<-'EOF'
+       #if defined(__TenDRA__) || (defined(__GNUC__) && (__GNUC__ < 2))
+       extern int thiswillneverbedefinedIhope(void);
+       /* force a failure: TenDRA and gcc 1.42 have false positive here */
+       int main(void) { return (thiswillneverbedefinedIhope()); }
+       #else
+       #define fprintf printfoo
+       #include <stdio.h>
+       #undef __attribute__
+       #undef fprintf
+       extern int fprintf(FILE *, const char *format, ...)
+           __attribute__((__format__(__printf__, 2, 3)));
+       int main(int ac, char **av) { return (fprintf(stderr, "%s%d", *av, ac)); }
+       #endif
+EOF
+ac_test attribute_noreturn '' 'for __attribute__((__noreturn__))' <<-'EOF'
+       #if defined(__TenDRA__) || (defined(__GNUC__) && (__GNUC__ < 2))
+       extern int thiswillneverbedefinedIhope(void);
+       /* force a failure: TenDRA and gcc 1.42 have false positive here */
+       int main(void) { return (thiswillneverbedefinedIhope()); }
+       #else
+       #include <stdlib.h>
+       #undef __attribute__
+       void fnord(void) __attribute__((__noreturn__));
+       int main(void) { fnord(); }
+       void fnord(void) { exit(0); }
+       #endif
+EOF
+ac_test attribute_pure '' 'for __attribute__((__pure__))' <<-'EOF'
+       #if defined(__TenDRA__) || (defined(__GNUC__) && (__GNUC__ < 2))
+       extern int thiswillneverbedefinedIhope(void);
+       /* force a failure: TenDRA and gcc 1.42 have false positive here */
+       int main(void) { return (thiswillneverbedefinedIhope()); }
+       #else
+       #include <unistd.h>
+       #undef __attribute__
+       int foo(const char *) __attribute__((__pure__));
+       int main(int ac, char **av) { return (foo(av[ac - 1]) + isatty(0)); }
+       int foo(const char *s) { return ((int)s[0]); }
+       #endif
+EOF
+ac_test attribute_unused '' 'for __attribute__((__unused__))' <<-'EOF'
+       #if defined(__TenDRA__) || (defined(__GNUC__) && (__GNUC__ < 2))
+       extern int thiswillneverbedefinedIhope(void);
+       /* force a failure: TenDRA and gcc 1.42 have false positive here */
+       int main(void) { return (thiswillneverbedefinedIhope()); }
+       #else
+       #include <unistd.h>
+       #undef __attribute__
+       int main(int ac __attribute__((__unused__)), char **av
+           __attribute__((__unused__))) { return (isatty(0)); }
+       #endif
+EOF
+ac_test attribute_used '' 'for __attribute__((__used__))' <<-'EOF'
+       #if defined(__TenDRA__) || (defined(__GNUC__) && (__GNUC__ < 2))
+       extern int thiswillneverbedefinedIhope(void);
+       /* force a failure: TenDRA and gcc 1.42 have false positive here */
+       int main(void) { return (thiswillneverbedefinedIhope()); }
+       #else
+       #include <unistd.h>
+       #undef __attribute__
+       static const char fnord[] __attribute__((__used__)) = "42";
+       int main(void) { return (isatty(0)); }
+       #endif
+EOF
+
+# End of tests run with -Werror
+NOWARN=$save_NOWARN
+phase=x
+
+#
+# mksh: flavours (full/small mksh, omit certain stuff)
+#
+if ac_ifcpp 'ifdef MKSH_SMALL' isset_MKSH_SMALL '' \
+    "if a reduced-feature mksh is requested"; then
+       : "${HAVE_NICE=0}"
+       : "${HAVE_PERSISTENT_HISTORY=0}"
+       check_categories="$check_categories smksh"
+       HAVE_ISSET_MKSH_CONSERVATIVE_FDS=1      # from sh.h
+fi
+ac_ifcpp 'if defined(MKSH_BINSHPOSIX) || defined(MKSH_BINSHREDUCED)' \
+    isset_MKSH_BINSH '' 'if invoking as sh should be handled specially' && \
+    check_categories="$check_categories binsh"
+ac_ifcpp 'ifdef MKSH_UNEMPLOYED' isset_MKSH_UNEMPLOYED '' \
+    "if mksh will be built without job control" && \
+    check_categories="$check_categories arge"
+ac_ifcpp 'ifdef MKSH_NOPROSPECTOFWORK' isset_MKSH_NOPROSPECTOFWORK '' \
+    "if mksh will be built without job signals" && \
+    check_categories="$check_categories arge nojsig"
+ac_ifcpp 'ifdef MKSH_ASSUME_UTF8' isset_MKSH_ASSUME_UTF8 '' \
+    'if the default UTF-8 mode is specified' && : "${HAVE_SETLOCALE_CTYPE=0}"
+ac_ifcpp 'ifdef MKSH_CONSERVATIVE_FDS' isset_MKSH_CONSERVATIVE_FDS '' \
+    'if traditional/conservative fd use is requested' && \
+    check_categories="$check_categories convfds"
+#ac_ifcpp 'ifdef MKSH_DISABLE_DEPRECATED' isset_MKSH_DISABLE_DEPRECATED '' \
+#    "if deprecated features are to be omitted" && \
+#    check_categories="$check_categories nodeprecated"
+#ac_ifcpp 'ifdef MKSH_DISABLE_EXPERIMENTAL' isset_MKSH_DISABLE_EXPERIMENTAL '' \
+#    "if experimental features are to be omitted" && \
+#    check_categories="$check_categories noexperimental"
+ac_ifcpp 'ifdef MKSH_MIDNIGHTBSD01ASH_COMPAT' isset_MKSH_MIDNIGHTBSD01ASH_COMPAT '' \
+    'if the MidnightBSD 0.1 ash compatibility mode is requested' && \
+    check_categories="$check_categories mnbsdash"
+
+#
+# Environment: headers
+#
+ac_header sys/time.h sys/types.h
+ac_header time.h sys/types.h
+test "11" = "$HAVE_SYS_TIME_H$HAVE_TIME_H" || HAVE_BOTH_TIME_H=0
+ac_test both_time_h '' 'whether <sys/time.h> and <time.h> can both be included' <<-'EOF'
+       #include <sys/types.h>
+       #include <sys/time.h>
+       #include <time.h>
+       #include <unistd.h>
+       int main(void) { struct tm tm; return ((int)sizeof(tm) + isatty(0)); }
+EOF
+ac_header sys/bsdtypes.h
+ac_header sys/file.h sys/types.h
+ac_header sys/mkdev.h sys/types.h
+ac_header sys/mman.h sys/types.h
+ac_header sys/param.h
+ac_header sys/resource.h sys/types.h _time
+ac_header sys/select.h sys/types.h
+ac_header sys/sysmacros.h
+ac_header bstring.h
+ac_header grp.h sys/types.h
+ac_header io.h
+ac_header libgen.h
+ac_header libutil.h sys/types.h
+ac_header paths.h
+ac_header stdint.h stdarg.h
+# include strings.h only if compatible with string.h
+ac_header strings.h sys/types.h string.h
+ac_header termios.h
+ac_header ulimit.h sys/types.h
+ac_header values.h
+
+#
+# Environment: definitions
+#
+echo '#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+/* check that off_t can represent 2^63-1 correctly, thx FSF */
+#define LARGE_OFF_T ((((off_t)1 << 31) << 31) - 1 + (((off_t)1 << 31) << 31))
+int off_t_is_large[(LARGE_OFF_T % 2147483629 == 721 &&
+    LARGE_OFF_T % 2147483647 == 1) ? 1 : -1];
+int main(void) { return (isatty(0)); }' >lft.c
+ac_testn can_lfs '' "for large file support" <lft.c
+save_CPPFLAGS=$CPPFLAGS
+add_cppflags -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64
+ac_testn can_lfs_sus '!' can_lfs 0 "... with -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64" <lft.c
+if test 0 = $HAVE_CAN_LFS_SUS; then
+       CPPFLAGS=$save_CPPFLAGS
+       add_cppflags -D_LARGE_FILES=1
+       ac_testn can_lfs_aix '!' can_lfs 0 "... with -D_LARGE_FILES=1" <lft.c
+       test 1 = $HAVE_CAN_LFS_AIX || CPPFLAGS=$save_CPPFLAGS
+fi
+rm -f lft.c
+rmf lft*       # end of large file support test
+
+#
+# Environment: types
+#
+ac_test can_inttypes '!' stdint_h 1 "for standard 32-bit integer types" <<-'EOF'
+       #include <sys/types.h>
+       #include <stddef.h>
+       int main(int ac, char **av) { return ((uint32_t)(size_t)*av + (int32_t)ac); }
+EOF
+ac_test can_ucbints '!' can_inttypes 1 "for UCB 32-bit integer types" <<-'EOF'
+       #include <sys/types.h>
+       #include <stddef.h>
+       int main(int ac, char **av) { return ((u_int32_t)(size_t)*av + (int32_t)ac); }
+EOF
+ac_test can_int8type '!' stdint_h 1 "for standard 8-bit integer type" <<-'EOF'
+       #include <sys/types.h>
+       #include <stddef.h>
+       int main(int ac, char **av) { return ((uint8_t)(size_t)av[ac]); }
+EOF
+ac_test can_ucbint8 '!' can_int8type 1 "for UCB 8-bit integer type" <<-'EOF'
+       #include <sys/types.h>
+       #include <stddef.h>
+       int main(int ac, char **av) { return ((u_int8_t)(size_t)av[ac]); }
+EOF
+
+ac_test rlim_t <<-'EOF'
+       #include <sys/types.h>
+       #if HAVE_BOTH_TIME_H
+       #include <sys/time.h>
+       #include <time.h>
+       #elif HAVE_SYS_TIME_H
+       #include <sys/time.h>
+       #elif HAVE_TIME_H
+       #include <time.h>
+       #endif
+       #if HAVE_SYS_RESOURCE_H
+       #include <sys/resource.h>
+       #endif
+       #include <unistd.h>
+       int main(void) { return (((int)(rlim_t)0) + isatty(0)); }
+EOF
+
+# only testn: added later below
+ac_testn sig_t <<-'EOF'
+       #include <sys/types.h>
+       #include <signal.h>
+       #include <stddef.h>
+       volatile sig_t foo = (sig_t)0;
+       int main(void) { return (foo == (sig_t)0); }
+EOF
+
+ac_testn sighandler_t '!' sig_t 0 <<-'EOF'
+       #include <sys/types.h>
+       #include <signal.h>
+       #include <stddef.h>
+       volatile sighandler_t foo = (sighandler_t)0;
+       int main(void) { return (foo == (sighandler_t)0); }
+EOF
+if test 1 = $HAVE_SIGHANDLER_T; then
+       add_cppflags -Dsig_t=sighandler_t
+       HAVE_SIG_T=1
+fi
+
+ac_testn __sighandler_t '!' sig_t 0 <<-'EOF'
+       #include <sys/types.h>
+       #include <signal.h>
+       #include <stddef.h>
+       volatile __sighandler_t foo = (__sighandler_t)0;
+       int main(void) { return (foo == (__sighandler_t)0); }
+EOF
+if test 1 = $HAVE___SIGHANDLER_T; then
+       add_cppflags -Dsig_t=__sighandler_t
+       HAVE_SIG_T=1
+fi
+
+test 1 = $HAVE_SIG_T || add_cppflags -Dsig_t=nosig_t
+ac_cppflags SIG_T
+
+#
+# check whether whatever we use for the final link will succeed
+#
+if test $cm = makefile; then
+       : nothing to check
+else
+       HAVE_LINK_WORKS=x
+       ac_testinit link_works '' 'checking if the final link command may succeed'
+       fv=1
+       cat >conftest.c <<-EOF
+               #define EXTERN
+               #define MKSH_INCLUDES_ONLY
+               #include "sh.h"
+               __RCSID("$srcversion");
+               int main(void) { printf("Hello, World!\\n"); return (isatty(0)); }
+EOF
+       case $cm in
+       llvm)
+               v "$CC $CFLAGS $CPPFLAGS $NOWARN -emit-llvm -c conftest.c" || fv=0
+               rmf $tfn.s
+               test $fv = 0 || v "llvm-link -o - conftest.o | opt $optflags | llc -o $tfn.s" || fv=0
+               test $fv = 0 || v "$CC $CFLAGS $LDFLAGS -o $tcfn $tfn.s $LIBS $ccpr"
+               ;;
+       dragonegg)
+               v "$CC $CFLAGS $CPPFLAGS $NOWARN -S -flto conftest.c" || fv=0
+               test $fv = 0 || v "mv conftest.s conftest.ll"
+               test $fv = 0 || v "llvm-as conftest.ll" || fv=0
+               rmf $tfn.s
+               test $fv = 0 || v "llvm-link -o - conftest.bc | opt $optflags | llc -o $tfn.s" || fv=0
+               test $fv = 0 || v "$CC $CFLAGS $LDFLAGS -o $tcfn $tfn.s $LIBS $ccpr"
+               ;;
+       combine)
+               v "$CC $CFLAGS $CPPFLAGS $LDFLAGS -fwhole-program --combine $NOWARN -o $tcfn conftest.c $LIBS $ccpr"
+               ;;
+       lto|normal)
+               cm=normal
+               v "$CC $CFLAGS $CPPFLAGS $NOWARN -c conftest.c" || fv=0
+               test $fv = 0 || v "$CC $CFLAGS $LDFLAGS -o $tcfn conftest.o $LIBS $ccpr"
+               ;;
+       esac
+       test -f $tcfn || fv=0
+       ac_testdone
+       test $fv = 1 || exit 1
+fi
+
+#
+# Environment: errors and signals
+#
+test x"NetBSD" = x"$TARGET_OS" && $e Ignore the compatibility warning.
+
+ac_testn sys_errlist '' "the sys_errlist[] array and sys_nerr" <<-'EOF'
+       extern const int sys_nerr;
+       extern const char * const sys_errlist[];
+       extern int isatty(int);
+       int main(void) { return (*sys_errlist[sys_nerr - 1] + isatty(0)); }
+EOF
+ac_testn _sys_errlist '!' sys_errlist 0 "the _sys_errlist[] array and _sys_nerr" <<-'EOF'
+       extern const int _sys_nerr;
+       extern const char * const _sys_errlist[];
+       extern int isatty(int);
+       int main(void) { return (*_sys_errlist[_sys_nerr - 1] + isatty(0)); }
+EOF
+if test 1 = "$HAVE__SYS_ERRLIST"; then
+       add_cppflags -Dsys_nerr=_sys_nerr
+       add_cppflags -Dsys_errlist=_sys_errlist
+       HAVE_SYS_ERRLIST=1
+fi
+ac_cppflags SYS_ERRLIST
+
+for what in name list; do
+       uwhat=`upper $what`
+       ac_testn sys_sig$what '' "the sys_sig${what}[] array" <<-EOF
+               extern const char * const sys_sig${what}[];
+               extern int isatty(int);
+               int main(void) { return (sys_sig${what}[0][0] + isatty(0)); }
+       EOF
+       ac_testn _sys_sig$what '!' sys_sig$what 0 "the _sys_sig${what}[] array" <<-EOF
+               extern const char * const _sys_sig${what}[];
+               extern int isatty(int);
+               int main(void) { return (_sys_sig${what}[0][0] + isatty(0)); }
+       EOF
+       eval uwhat_v=\$HAVE__SYS_SIG$uwhat
+       if test 1 = "$uwhat_v"; then
+               add_cppflags -Dsys_sig$what=_sys_sig$what
+               eval HAVE_SYS_SIG$uwhat=1
+       fi
+       ac_cppflags SYS_SIG$uwhat
+done
+
+#
+# Environment: library functions
+#
+ac_test flock <<-'EOF'
+       #include <sys/types.h>
+       #include <fcntl.h>
+       #undef flock
+       #if HAVE_SYS_FILE_H
+       #include <sys/file.h>
+       #endif
+       int main(void) { return (flock(0, LOCK_EX | LOCK_UN)); }
+EOF
+
+ac_test lock_fcntl '!' flock 1 'whether we can lock files with fcntl' <<-'EOF'
+       #include <fcntl.h>
+       #undef flock
+       int main(void) {
+               struct flock lks;
+               lks.l_type = F_WRLCK | F_UNLCK;
+               return (fcntl(0, F_SETLKW, &lks));
+       }
+EOF
+
+ac_test getrusage <<-'EOF'
+       #define MKSH_INCLUDES_ONLY
+       #include "sh.h"
+       int main(void) {
+               struct rusage ru;
+               return (getrusage(RUSAGE_SELF, &ru) +
+                   getrusage(RUSAGE_CHILDREN, &ru));
+       }
+EOF
+
+ac_test getsid <<-'EOF'
+       #include <unistd.h>
+       int main(void) { return ((int)getsid(0)); }
+EOF
+
+ac_test gettimeofday <<-'EOF'
+       #define MKSH_INCLUDES_ONLY
+       #include "sh.h"
+       int main(void) { struct timeval tv; return (gettimeofday(&tv, NULL)); }
+EOF
+
+ac_test killpg <<-'EOF'
+       #include <signal.h>
+       int main(int ac, char *av[]) { return (av[0][killpg(123, ac)]); }
+EOF
+
+ac_test memmove <<-'EOF'
+       #include <sys/types.h>
+       #include <stddef.h>
+       #include <string.h>
+       #if HAVE_STRINGS_H
+       #include <strings.h>
+       #endif
+       int main(int ac, char *av[]) {
+               return (*(int *)(void *)memmove(av[0], av[1], (size_t)ac));
+       }
+EOF
+
+ac_test mknod '' 'if to use mknod(), makedev() and friends' <<-'EOF'
+       #define MKSH_INCLUDES_ONLY
+       #include "sh.h"
+       int main(int ac, char *av[]) {
+               dev_t dv;
+               dv = makedev((unsigned int)ac, (unsigned int)av[0][0]);
+               return (mknod(av[0], (mode_t)0, dv) ? (int)major(dv) :
+                   (int)minor(dv));
+       }
+EOF
+
+ac_test mmap lock_fcntl 0 'for mmap and munmap' <<-'EOF'
+       #include <sys/types.h>
+       #if HAVE_SYS_FILE_H
+       #include <sys/file.h>
+       #endif
+       #if HAVE_SYS_MMAN_H
+       #include <sys/mman.h>
+       #endif
+       #include <stddef.h>
+       #include <stdlib.h>
+       int main(void) { return ((void *)mmap(NULL, (size_t)0,
+           PROT_READ, MAP_PRIVATE, 0, (off_t)0) == (void *)NULL ? 1 :
+           munmap(NULL, 0)); }
+EOF
+
+ac_test nice <<-'EOF'
+       #include <unistd.h>
+       int main(void) { return (nice(4)); }
+EOF
+
+ac_test revoke <<-'EOF'
+       #include <sys/types.h>
+       #if HAVE_LIBUTIL_H
+       #include <libutil.h>
+       #endif
+       #include <unistd.h>
+       int main(int ac, char *av[]) { return (ac + revoke(av[0])); }
+EOF
+
+ac_test setlocale_ctype '' 'setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "")' <<-'EOF'
+       #include <locale.h>
+       #include <stddef.h>
+       int main(void) { return ((int)(size_t)(void *)setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "")); }
+EOF
+
+ac_test langinfo_codeset setlocale_ctype 0 'nl_langinfo(CODESET)' <<-'EOF'
+       #include <langinfo.h>
+       #include <stddef.h>
+       int main(void) { return ((int)(size_t)(void *)nl_langinfo(CODESET)); }
+EOF
+
+ac_test select <<-'EOF'
+       #include <sys/types.h>
+       #if HAVE_BOTH_TIME_H
+       #include <sys/time.h>
+       #include <time.h>
+       #elif HAVE_SYS_TIME_H
+       #include <sys/time.h>
+       #elif HAVE_TIME_H
+       #include <time.h>
+       #endif
+       #if HAVE_SYS_BSDTYPES_H
+       #include <sys/bsdtypes.h>
+       #endif
+       #if HAVE_SYS_SELECT_H
+       #include <sys/select.h>
+       #endif
+       #if HAVE_BSTRING_H
+       #include <bstring.h>
+       #endif
+       #include <stddef.h>
+       #include <stdlib.h>
+       #include <string.h>
+       #if HAVE_STRINGS_H
+       #include <strings.h>
+       #endif
+       #include <unistd.h>
+       int main(void) {
+               struct timeval tv = { 1, 200000 };
+               fd_set fds; FD_ZERO(&fds); FD_SET(0, &fds);
+               return (select(FD_SETSIZE, &fds, NULL, NULL, &tv));
+       }
+EOF
+
+ac_test setresugid <<-'EOF'
+       #include <sys/types.h>
+       #include <unistd.h>
+       int main(void) { return (setresuid(0,0,0) + setresgid(0,0,0)); }
+EOF
+
+ac_test setgroups setresugid 0 <<-'EOF'
+       #include <sys/types.h>
+       #if HAVE_GRP_H
+       #include <grp.h>
+       #endif
+       #include <unistd.h>
+       int main(void) { gid_t gid = 0; return (setgroups(0, &gid)); }
+EOF
+
+if test x"$et" = x"klibc"; then
+
+       ac_testn __rt_sigsuspend '' 'whether klibc uses RT signals' <<-'EOF'
+               #define MKSH_INCLUDES_ONLY
+               #include "sh.h"
+               extern int __rt_sigsuspend(const sigset_t *, size_t);
+               int main(void) { return (__rt_sigsuspend(NULL, 0)); }
+EOF
+
+       # no? damn! legacy crap ahead!
+
+       ac_testn __sigsuspend_s '!' __rt_sigsuspend 1 \
+           'whether sigsuspend is usable (1/2)' <<-'EOF'
+               #define MKSH_INCLUDES_ONLY
+               #include "sh.h"
+               extern int __sigsuspend_s(sigset_t);
+               int main(void) { return (__sigsuspend_s(0)); }
+EOF
+       ac_testn __sigsuspend_xxs '!' __sigsuspend_s 1 \
+           'whether sigsuspend is usable (2/2)' <<-'EOF'
+               #define MKSH_INCLUDES_ONLY
+               #include "sh.h"
+               extern int __sigsuspend_xxs(int, int, sigset_t);
+               int main(void) { return (__sigsuspend_xxs(0, 0, 0)); }
+EOF
+
+       if test "000" = "$HAVE___RT_SIGSUSPEND$HAVE___SIGSUSPEND_S$HAVE___SIGSUSPEND_XXS"; then
+               # no usable sigsuspend(), use pause() *ugh*
+               add_cppflags -DMKSH_NO_SIGSUSPEND
+       fi
+fi
+
+ac_test strerror '!' sys_errlist 0 <<-'EOF'
+       extern char *strerror(int);
+       int main(int ac, char *av[]) { return (*strerror(*av[ac])); }
+EOF
+
+ac_test strsignal '!' sys_siglist 0 <<-'EOF'
+       #include <string.h>
+       #include <signal.h>
+       int main(void) { return (strsignal(1)[0]); }
+EOF
+
+ac_test strlcpy <<-'EOF'
+       #include <string.h>
+       int main(int ac, char *av[]) { return (strlcpy(*av, av[1],
+           (size_t)ac)); }
+EOF
+
+#
+# check headers for declarations
+#
+ac_test flock_decl flock 1 'for declaration of flock()' <<-'EOF'
+       #define MKSH_INCLUDES_ONLY
+       #include "sh.h"
+       #if HAVE_SYS_FILE_H
+       #include <sys/file.h>
+       #endif
+       int main(void) { return ((flock)(0, 0)); }
+EOF
+ac_test revoke_decl revoke 1 'for declaration of revoke()' <<-'EOF'
+       #define MKSH_INCLUDES_ONLY
+       #include "sh.h"
+       int main(void) { return ((revoke)("")); }
+EOF
+ac_test sys_errlist_decl sys_errlist 0 "for declaration of sys_errlist[] and sys_nerr" <<-'EOF'
+       #define MKSH_INCLUDES_ONLY
+       #include "sh.h"
+       int main(void) { return (*sys_errlist[sys_nerr - 1] + isatty(0)); }
+EOF
+ac_test sys_siglist_decl sys_siglist 0 'for declaration of sys_siglist[]' <<-'EOF'
+       #define MKSH_INCLUDES_ONLY
+       #include "sh.h"
+       int main(void) { return (sys_siglist[0][0] + isatty(0)); }
+EOF
+
+#
+# other checks
+#
+fd='if to use persistent history'
+ac_cache PERSISTENT_HISTORY || case $HAVE_MMAP$HAVE_FLOCK$HAVE_LOCK_FCNTL in
+11*|101) fv=1 ;;
+esac
+test 1 = $fv || check_categories="$check_categories no-histfile"
+ac_testdone
+ac_cppflags
+
+save_CFLAGS=$CFLAGS
+ac_testn compile_time_asserts_$$ '' 'whether compile-time assertions pass' <<-'EOF'
+       #define MKSH_INCLUDES_ONLY
+       #include "sh.h"
+       #ifndef CHAR_BIT
+       #define CHAR_BIT 8      /* defuse this test on really legacy systems */
+       #endif
+       struct ctasserts {
+       #define cta(name, assertion) char name[(assertion) ? 1 : -1]
+/* this one should be defined by the standard */
+cta(char_is_1_char, (sizeof(char) == 1) && (sizeof(signed char) == 1) &&
+    (sizeof(unsigned char) == 1));
+cta(char_is_8_bits, ((CHAR_BIT) == 8) && ((int)(unsigned char)0xFF == 0xFF) &&
+    ((int)(unsigned char)0x100 == 0) && ((int)(unsigned char)(int)-1 == 0xFF));
+/* the next assertion is probably not really needed */
+cta(short_is_2_char, sizeof(short) == 2);
+cta(short_size_no_matter_of_signedness, sizeof(short) == sizeof(unsigned short));
+/* the next assertion is probably not really needed */
+cta(int_is_4_char, sizeof(int) == 4);
+cta(int_size_no_matter_of_signedness, sizeof(int) == sizeof(unsigned int));
+
+cta(long_ge_int, sizeof(long) >= sizeof(int));
+cta(long_size_no_matter_of_signedness, sizeof(long) == sizeof(unsigned long));
+
+#ifndef MKSH_LEGACY_MODE
+/* the next assertion is probably not really needed */
+cta(ari_is_4_char, sizeof(mksh_ari_t) == 4);
+/* but this is */
+cta(ari_has_31_bit, 0 < (mksh_ari_t)(((((mksh_ari_t)1 << 15) << 15) - 1) * 2 + 1));
+/* the next assertion is probably not really needed */
+cta(uari_is_4_char, sizeof(mksh_uari_t) == 4);
+/* but the next three are; we REQUIRE unsigned integer wraparound */
+cta(uari_has_31_bit, 0 < (mksh_uari_t)(((((mksh_uari_t)1 << 15) << 15) - 1) * 2 + 1));
+cta(uari_has_32_bit, 0 < (mksh_uari_t)(((((mksh_uari_t)1 << 15) << 15) - 1) * 4 + 3));
+cta(uari_wrap_32_bit,
+    (mksh_uari_t)(((((mksh_uari_t)1 << 15) << 15) - 1) * 4 + 3) >
+    (mksh_uari_t)(((((mksh_uari_t)1 << 15) << 15) - 1) * 4 + 4));
+#define NUM 22
+#else
+#define NUM 16
+#endif
+/* these are always required */
+cta(ari_is_signed, (mksh_ari_t)-1 < (mksh_ari_t)0);
+cta(uari_is_unsigned, (mksh_uari_t)-1 > (mksh_uari_t)0);
+/* we require these to have the precisely same size and assume 2s complement */
+cta(ari_size_no_matter_of_signedness, sizeof(mksh_ari_t) == sizeof(mksh_uari_t));
+
+cta(sizet_size_no_matter_of_signedness, sizeof(ssize_t) == sizeof(size_t));
+cta(sizet_voidptr_same_size, sizeof(size_t) == sizeof(void *));
+cta(sizet_funcptr_same_size, sizeof(size_t) == sizeof(void (*)(void)));
+/* our formatting routines assume this */
+cta(ptr_fits_in_long, sizeof(size_t) <= sizeof(long));
+cta(ari_fits_in_long, sizeof(mksh_ari_t) <= sizeof(long));
+/* for struct alignment people */
+               char padding[64 - NUM];
+       };
+char ctasserts_dblcheck[sizeof(struct ctasserts) == 64 ? 1 : -1];
+       int main(void) { return (sizeof(ctasserts_dblcheck) + isatty(0)); }
+EOF
+CFLAGS=$save_CFLAGS
+eval test 1 = \$HAVE_COMPILE_TIME_ASSERTS_$$ || exit 1
+
+#
+# extra checks for legacy mksh
+#
+if test $legacy = 1; then
+       ac_test long_32bit '' 'whether long is 32 bit wide' <<-'EOF'
+               #define MKSH_INCLUDES_ONLY
+               #include "sh.h"
+               #ifndef CHAR_BIT
+               #define CHAR_BIT 0
+               #endif
+               struct ctasserts {
+               #define cta(name, assertion) char name[(assertion) ? 1 : -1]
+                       cta(char_is_8_bits, (CHAR_BIT) == 8);
+                       cta(long_is_32_bits, sizeof(long) == 4);
+               };
+               int main(void) { return (sizeof(struct ctasserts)); }
+EOF
+
+       ac_test long_64bit '!' long_32bit 0 'whether long is 64 bit wide' <<-'EOF'
+               #define MKSH_INCLUDES_ONLY
+               #include "sh.h"
+               #ifndef CHAR_BIT
+               #define CHAR_BIT 0
+               #endif
+               struct ctasserts {
+               #define cta(name, assertion) char name[(assertion) ? 1 : -1]
+                       cta(char_is_8_bits, (CHAR_BIT) == 8);
+                       cta(long_is_64_bits, sizeof(long) == 8);
+               };
+               int main(void) { return (sizeof(struct ctasserts)); }
+EOF
+
+       case $HAVE_LONG_32BIT$HAVE_LONG_64BIT in
+       10) check_categories="$check_categories int:32" ;;
+       01) check_categories="$check_categories int:64" ;;
+       *) check_categories="$check_categories int:u" ;;
+       esac
+fi
+
+#
+# Compiler: Praeprocessor (only if needed)
+#
+test 0 = $HAVE_SYS_SIGNAME && if ac_testinit cpp_dd '' \
+    'checking if the C Preprocessor supports -dD'; then
+       echo '#define foo bar' >conftest.c
+       vv ']' "$CPP $CFLAGS $CPPFLAGS $NOWARN -dD conftest.c >x"
+       grep '#define foo bar' x >/dev/null 2>&1 && fv=1
+       rmf conftest.c x vv.out
+       ac_testdone
+fi
+
+#
+# End of mirtoconf checks
+#
+$e ... done.
+
+# Some operating systems have ancient versions of ed(1) writing
+# the character count to standard output; cope for that
+echo wq >x
+ed x <x 2>/dev/null | grep 3 >/dev/null 2>&1 && \
+    check_categories="$check_categories $oldish_ed"
+rmf x vv.out
+
+if test 0 = $HAVE_SYS_SIGNAME; then
+       if test 1 = $HAVE_CPP_DD; then
+               $e Generating list of signal names...
+       else
+               $e No list of signal names available via cpp. Falling back...
+       fi
+       sigseenone=:
+       sigseentwo=:
+       echo '#include <signal.h>
+#if defined(NSIG_MAX)
+#define cfg_NSIG NSIG_MAX
+#elif defined(NSIG)
+#define cfg_NSIG NSIG
+#elif defined(_NSIG)
+#define cfg_NSIG _NSIG
+#elif defined(SIGMAX)
+#define cfg_NSIG (SIGMAX + 1)
+#elif defined(_SIGMAX)
+#define cfg_NSIG (_SIGMAX + 1)
+#else
+/*XXX better error out, see sh.h */
+#define cfg_NSIG 64
+#endif
+int
+mksh_cfg= cfg_NSIG
+;' >conftest.c
+       # GNU sed 2.03 segfaults when optimising this to sed -n
+       NSIG=`vq "$CPP $CFLAGS $CPPFLAGS $NOWARN conftest.c" | \
+           grep -v '^#' | \
+           sed '/mksh_cfg.*= *$/{
+               N
+               s/\n/ /
+               }' | \
+           grep '^ *mksh_cfg *=' | \
+           sed 's/^ *mksh_cfg *=[       ]*\([()0-9x+-][()0-9x+  -]*\).*$/\1/'`
+       case $NSIG in
+       *mksh_cfg*) $e "Error: NSIG='$NSIG'"; NSIG=0 ;;
+       *[\ \(\)+-]*) NSIG=`"$AWK" "BEGIN { print $NSIG }" </dev/null` ;;
+       esac
+       printf=printf
+       (printf hallo) >/dev/null 2>&1 || printf=echo
+       test $printf = echo || test "`printf %d 42`" = 42 || printf=echo
+       test $printf = echo || NSIG=`printf %d "$NSIG" 2>/dev/null`
+       $printf "NSIG=$NSIG ... "
+       sigs="ABRT FPE ILL INT SEGV TERM ALRM BUS CHLD CONT HUP KILL PIPE QUIT"
+       sigs="$sigs STOP TSTP TTIN TTOU USR1 USR2 POLL PROF SYS TRAP URG VTALRM"
+       sigs="$sigs XCPU XFSZ INFO WINCH EMT IO DIL LOST PWR SAK CLD IOT STKFLT"
+       sigs="$sigs ABND DCE DUMP IOERR TRACE DANGER THCONT THSTOP RESV UNUSED"
+       test 1 = $HAVE_CPP_DD && test $NSIG -gt 1 && sigs="$sigs "`vq \
+           "$CPP $CFLAGS $CPPFLAGS $NOWARN -dD conftest.c" | \
+           grep '[      ]SIG[A-Z0-9][A-Z0-9]*[  ]' | \
+           sed 's/^.*[  ]SIG\([A-Z0-9][A-Z0-9]*\)[      ].*$/\1/' | sort`
+       test $NSIG -gt 1 || sigs=
+       for name in $sigs; do
+               case $sigseenone in
+               *:$name:*) continue ;;
+               esac
+               sigseenone=$sigseenone$name:
+               echo '#include <signal.h>' >conftest.c
+               echo int >>conftest.c
+               echo mksh_cfg= SIG$name >>conftest.c
+               echo ';' >>conftest.c
+               # GNU sed 2.03 croaks on optimising this, too
+               vq "$CPP $CFLAGS $CPPFLAGS $NOWARN conftest.c" | \
+                   grep -v '^#' | \
+                   sed '/mksh_cfg.*= *$/{
+                       N
+                       s/\n/ /
+                       }' | \
+                   grep '^ *mksh_cfg *=' | \
+                   sed 's/^ *mksh_cfg *=[       ]*\([0-9][0-9x]*\).*$/:\1 '$name/
+       done | sed -n '/^:[^ ]/s/^://p' | while read nr name; do
+               test $printf = echo || nr=`printf %d "$nr" 2>/dev/null`
+               test $nr -gt 0 && test $nr -lt $NSIG || continue
+               case $sigseentwo in
+               *:$nr:*) ;;
+               *)      echo "          { \"$name\", $nr },"
+                       sigseentwo=$sigseentwo$nr:
+                       $printf "$name=$nr " >&2
+                       ;;
+               esac
+       done 2>&1 >signames.inc
+       rmf conftest.c
+       $e done.
+fi
+
+addsrcs '!' HAVE_STRLCPY strlcpy.c
+addsrcs USE_PRINTF_BUILTIN printf.c
+test 1 = "$USE_PRINTF_BUILTIN" && add_cppflags -DMKSH_PRINTF_BUILTIN
+test 1 = "$HAVE_CAN_VERB" && CFLAGS="$CFLAGS -verbose"
+add_cppflags -DMKSH_BUILD_R=523
+
+$e $bi$me: Finished configuration testing, now producing output.$ao
+
+files=
+objs=
+sp=
+case $tcfn in
+a.exe|conftest.exe)
+       mkshexe=$tfn.exe
+       add_cppflags -DMKSH_EXE_EXT
+       ;;
+*)
+       mkshexe=$tfn
+       ;;
+esac
+case $curdir in
+*\ *)  mkshshebang="#!./$mkshexe" ;;
+*)     mkshshebang="#!$curdir/$mkshexe" ;;
+esac
+cat >test.sh <<-EOF
+       $mkshshebang
+       LC_ALL=C PATH='$PATH'; export LC_ALL PATH
+       test -n "\$KSH_VERSION" || exit 1
+       set -A check_categories -- $check_categories
+       pflag='$curdir/$mkshexe'
+       sflag='$srcdir/check.t'
+       usee=0 Pflag=0 Sflag=0 uset=0 vflag=1 xflag=0
+       while getopts "C:e:fPp:QSs:t:v" ch; do case \$ch {
+       (C)     check_categories[\${#check_categories[*]}]=\$OPTARG ;;
+       (e)     usee=1; eflag=\$OPTARG ;;
+       (f)     check_categories[\${#check_categories[*]}]=fastbox ;;
+       (P)     Pflag=1 ;;
+       (+P)    Pflag=0 ;;
+       (p)     pflag=\$OPTARG ;;
+       (Q)     vflag=0 ;;
+       (+Q)    vflag=1 ;;
+       (S)     Sflag=1 ;;
+       (+S)    Sflag=0 ;;
+       (s)     sflag=\$OPTARG ;;
+       (t)     uset=1; tflag=\$OPTARG ;;
+       (v)     vflag=1 ;;
+       (+v)    vflag=0 ;;
+       (*)     xflag=1 ;;
+       }
+       done
+       shift \$((OPTIND - 1))
+       set -A args -- '$srcdir/check.pl' -p "\$pflag"
+       x=
+       for y in "\${check_categories[@]}"; do
+               x=\$x,\$y
+       done
+       if [[ -n \$x ]]; then
+               args[\${#args[*]}]=-C
+               args[\${#args[*]}]=\${x#,}
+       fi
+       if (( usee )); then
+               args[\${#args[*]}]=-e
+               args[\${#args[*]}]=\$eflag
+       fi
+       (( Pflag )) && args[\${#args[*]}]=-P
+       if (( uset )); then
+               args[\${#args[*]}]=-t
+               args[\${#args[*]}]=\$tflag
+       fi
+       (( vflag )) && args[\${#args[*]}]=-v
+       (( xflag )) && args[\${#args[*]}]=-x    # force usage by synerr
+       if [[ -n \$TMPDIR && -d \$TMPDIR/. ]]; then
+               args[\${#args[*]}]=-T
+               args[\${#args[*]}]=\$TMPDIR
+       fi
+       print Testing mksh for conformance:
+       grep -F -e Mir''OS: -e MIRBSD "\$sflag"
+       print "This shell is actually:\\n\\t\$KSH_VERSION"
+       print 'test.sh built for mksh $dstversion'
+       cstr='\$os = defined \$^O ? \$^O : "unknown";'
+       cstr="\$cstr"'print \$os . ", Perl version " . \$];'
+       for perli in \$PERL perl5 perl no; do
+               if [[ \$perli = no ]]; then
+                       print Cannot find a working Perl interpreter, aborting.
+                       exit 1
+               fi
+               print "Trying Perl interpreter '\$perli'..."
+               perlos=\$(\$perli -e "\$cstr")
+               rv=\$?
+               print "Errorlevel \$rv, running on '\$perlos'"
+               if (( rv )); then
+                       print "=> not using"
+                       continue
+               fi
+               if [[ -n \$perlos ]]; then
+                       print "=> using it"
+                       break
+               fi
+       done
+       (( Sflag )) || echo + \$perli "\${args[@]}" -s "\$sflag" "\$@"
+       (( Sflag )) || exec \$perli "\${args[@]}" -s "\$sflag" "\$@"$tsts
+       # use of the -S option for check.t split into multiple chunks
+       rv=0
+       for s in "\$sflag".*; do
+               echo + \$perli "\${args[@]}" -s "\$s" "\$@"
+               \$perli "\${args[@]}" -s "\$s" "\$@"$tsts
+               rc=\$?
+               (( rv = rv ? rv : rc ))
+       done
+       exit \$rv
+EOF
+chmod 755 test.sh
+case $cm in
+dragonegg)
+       emitbc="-S -flto"
+       ;;
+llvm)
+       emitbc="-emit-llvm -c"
+       ;;
+*)
+       emitbc=-c
+       ;;
+esac
+echo ": # work around NeXTstep bug" >Rebuild.sh
+cd "$srcdir"
+optfiles=`echo *.opt`
+cd "$curdir"
+for file in $optfiles; do
+       echo "echo + Running genopt on '$file'..."
+       echo "(srcfile='$srcdir/$file'; BUILDSH_RUN_GENOPT=1; . '$srcdir/Build.sh')"
+done >>Rebuild.sh
+echo set -x >>Rebuild.sh
+for file in $SRCS; do
+       op=`echo x"$file" | sed 's/^x\(.*\)\.c$/\1./'`
+       test -f $file || file=$srcdir/$file
+       files="$files$sp$file"
+       sp=' '
+       echo "$CC $CFLAGS $CPPFLAGS $emitbc $file || exit 1" >>Rebuild.sh
+       if test $cm = dragonegg; then
+               echo "mv ${op}s ${op}ll" >>Rebuild.sh
+               echo "llvm-as ${op}ll || exit 1" >>Rebuild.sh
+               objs="$objs$sp${op}bc"
+       else
+               objs="$objs$sp${op}o"
+       fi
+done
+case $cm in
+dragonegg|llvm)
+       echo "rm -f $tfn.s" >>Rebuild.sh
+       echo "llvm-link -o - $objs | opt $optflags | llc -o $tfn.s" >>Rebuild.sh
+       lobjs=$tfn.s
+       ;;
+*)
+       lobjs=$objs
+       ;;
+esac
+echo tcfn=$mkshexe >>Rebuild.sh
+echo "$CC $CFLAGS $LDFLAGS -o \$tcfn $lobjs $LIBS $ccpr" >>Rebuild.sh
+echo "test -f \$tcfn || exit 1; $SIZE \$tcfn" >>Rebuild.sh
+if test $cm = makefile; then
+       extras='emacsfn.h rlimits.opt sh.h sh_flags.opt var_spec.h'
+       test 0 = $HAVE_SYS_SIGNAME && extras="$extras signames.inc"
+       gens= genq=
+       for file in $optfiles; do
+               genf=`basename "$file" | sed 's/.opt$/.gen/'`
+               gens="$gens $genf"
+               genq="$genq$nl$genf: $srcdir/Build.sh $srcdir/$file
+                       srcfile=$srcdir/$file; BUILDSH_RUN_GENOPT=1; . $srcdir/Build.sh"
+       done
+       cat >Makefrag.inc <<EOF
+# Makefile fragment for building mksh $dstversion
+
+PROG=          $mkshexe
+MAN=           mksh.1
+SRCS=          $SRCS
+SRCS_FP=       $files
+OBJS_BP=       $objs
+INDSRCS=       $extras
+NONSRCS_INST=  dot.mkshrc \$(MAN)
+NONSRCS_NOINST=        Build.sh Makefile Rebuild.sh check.pl check.t test.sh
+CC=            $CC
+CFLAGS=                $CFLAGS
+CPPFLAGS=      $CPPFLAGS
+LDFLAGS=       $LDFLAGS
+LIBS=          $LIBS
+
+.depend \$(OBJS_BP):$gens$genq
+
+# not BSD make only:
+#VPATH=                $srcdir
+#all: \$(PROG)
+#\$(PROG): \$(OBJS_BP)
+#      \$(CC) \$(CFLAGS) \$(LDFLAGS) -o \$@ \$(OBJS_BP) \$(LIBS)
+#\$(OBJS_BP): \$(SRCS_FP) \$(NONSRCS)
+#.c.o:
+#      \$(CC) \$(CFLAGS) \$(CPPFLAGS) -c \$<
+
+# for all make variants:
+#REGRESS_FLAGS=        -f
+#regress:
+#      ./test.sh \$(REGRESS_FLAGS)
+check_categories=$check_categories
+
+# for BSD make only:
+#.PATH: $srcdir
+#.include <bsd.prog.mk>
+EOF
+       $e
+       $e Generated Makefrag.inc successfully.
+       exit 0
+fi
+for file in $optfiles; do
+       $e "+ Running genopt on '$file'..."
+       do_genopt "$srcdir/$file" || exit 1
+done
+if test $cm = combine; then
+       objs="-o $mkshexe"
+       for file in $SRCS; do
+               test -f $file || file=$srcdir/$file
+               objs="$objs $file"
+       done
+       emitbc="-fwhole-program --combine"
+       v "$CC $CFLAGS $CPPFLAGS $LDFLAGS $emitbc $objs $LIBS $ccpr"
+elif test 1 = $pm; then
+       for file in $SRCS; do
+               test -f $file || file=$srcdir/$file
+               v "$CC $CFLAGS $CPPFLAGS $emitbc $file" &
+       done
+       wait
+else
+       for file in $SRCS; do
+               test $cm = dragonegg && \
+                   op=`echo x"$file" | sed 's/^x\(.*\)\.c$/\1./'`
+               test -f $file || file=$srcdir/$file
+               v "$CC $CFLAGS $CPPFLAGS $emitbc $file" || exit 1
+               if test $cm = dragonegg; then
+                       v "mv ${op}s ${op}ll"
+                       v "llvm-as ${op}ll" || exit 1
+               fi
+       done
+fi
+case $cm in
+dragonegg|llvm)
+       rmf $tfn.s
+       v "llvm-link -o - $objs | opt $optflags | llc -o $tfn.s"
+       ;;
+esac
+tcfn=$mkshexe
+test $cm = combine || v "$CC $CFLAGS $LDFLAGS -o $tcfn $lobjs $LIBS $ccpr"
+test -f $tcfn || exit 1
+test 1 = $r || v "$NROFF -mdoc <'$srcdir/mksh.1' >$tfn.cat1" || \
+    rmf $tfn.cat1
+test 0 = $eq && v $SIZE $tcfn
+i=install
+test -f /usr/ucb/$i && i=/usr/ucb/$i
+test 1 = $eq && e=:
+$e
+$e Installing the shell:
+$e "# $i -c -s -o root -g bin -m 555 $tfn /bin/$tfn"
+if test $legacy = 0; then
+       $e "# grep -x /bin/$tfn /etc/shells >/dev/null || echo /bin/$tfn >>/etc/shells"
+       $e "# $i -c -o root -g bin -m 444 dot.mkshrc /usr/share/doc/mksh/examples/"
+fi
+$e
+$e Installing the manual:
+if test -f $tfn.cat1; then
+       $e "# $i -c -o root -g bin -m 444 $tfn.cat1" \
+           "/usr/share/man/cat1/$tfn.0"
+       $e or
+fi
+$e "# $i -c -o root -g bin -m 444 $tfn.1 /usr/share/man/man1/$tfn.1"
+$e
+$e Run the regression test suite: ./test.sh
+$e Please also read the sample file dot.mkshrc and the fine manual.
+exit 0
+
+: <<'EOD'
+
+=== Environment used ===
+
+==== build environment ====
+AWK                            default: awk
+CC                             default: cc
+CFLAGS                         if empty, defaults to -xO2 or +O2
+                               or -O3 -qstrict or -O2, per compiler
+CPPFLAGS                       default empty
+LDFLAGS                                default empty; added before sources
+LDSTATIC                       set this to '-static'; default unset
+LIBS                           default empty; added after sources
+                               [Interix] default: -lcrypt (XXX still needed?)
+NOWARN                         -Wno-error or similar
+NROFF                          default: nroff
+TARGET_OS                      default: $(uname -s || uname)
+TARGET_OSREV                   [QNX] default: $(uname -r)
+
+==== feature selectors ====
+USE_PRINTF_BUILTIN             1 to include (unsupported) printf(1) as builtin
+===== general format =====
+HAVE_STRLEN                    ac_test
+HAVE_STRING_H                  ac_header
+HAVE_CAN_FSTACKPROTECTORALL    ac_flags
+
+==== cpp definitions ====
+DEBUG                          dont use in production, wants gcc, implies:
+DEBUG_LEAKS                    enable freeing resources before exiting
+MKSHRC_PATH                    "~/.mkshrc" (do not change)
+MKSH_A4PB                      force use of arc4random_pushb
+MKSH_ASSUME_UTF8               (0=disabled, 1=enabled; default: unset)
+MKSH_BINSHPOSIX                        if */sh or */-sh, enable set -o posix
+MKSH_BINSHREDUCED              if */sh or */-sh, enable set -o sh
+MKSH_CLRTOEOL_STRING           "\033[K"
+MKSH_CLS_STRING                        "\033[;H\033[J"
+MKSH_CONSERVATIVE_FDS          fd 0-9 for scripts, shell only up to 31
+MKSH_DEFAULT_EXECSHELL         "/bin/sh" (do not change)
+MKSH_DEFAULT_PROFILEDIR                "/etc" (do not change)
+MKSH_DEFAULT_TMPDIR            "/tmp" (do not change)
+MKSH_DISABLE_DEPRECATED                disable code paths scheduled for later removal
+MKSH_DISABLE_EXPERIMENTAL      disable code not yet comfy for (LTS) snapshots
+MKSH_DISABLE_TTY_WARNING       shut up warning about ctty if OS cant be fixed
+MKSH_DONT_EMIT_IDSTRING                omit RCS IDs from binary
+MKSH_MIDNIGHTBSD01ASH_COMPAT   set -o sh: additional compatibility quirk
+MKSH_NOPROSPECTOFWORK          disable jobs, co-processes, etc. (do not use)
+MKSH_NOPWNAM                   skip PAM calls, for -static on glibc or Solaris
+MKSH_NO_CMDLINE_EDITING                disable command line editing code entirely
+MKSH_NO_DEPRECATED_WARNING     omit warning when deprecated stuff is run
+MKSH_NO_LIMITS                 omit ulimit code
+MKSH_NO_SIGSETJMP              define if sigsetjmp is broken or not available
+MKSH_NO_SIGSUSPEND             use sigprocmask+pause instead of sigsuspend
+MKSH_SMALL                     omit some code, optimise hard for size (slower)
+MKSH_SMALL_BUT_FAST            disable some hard-for-size optim. (modern sys.)
+MKSH_S_NOVI=1                  disable Vi editing mode (default if MKSH_SMALL)
+MKSH_TYPEDEF_SIG_ATOMIC_T      define to e.g. 'int' if sig_atomic_t is missing
+MKSH_TYPEDEF_SSIZE_T           define to e.g. 'long' if your OS has no ssize_t
+MKSH_UNEMPLOYED                        disable job control (but not jobs/co-processes)
+
+=== generic installation instructions ===
+
+Set CC and possibly CFLAGS, CPPFLAGS, LDFLAGS, LIBS. If cross-compiling,
+also set TARGET_OS. To disable tests, set e.g. HAVE_STRLCPY=0; to enable
+them, set to a value other than 0 or 1. Ensure /bin/ed is installed. For
+MKSH_SMALL but with Vi mode, add -DMKSH_S_NOVI=0 to CPPFLAGS as well.
+
+Normally, the following command is what you want to run, then:
+$ (sh Build.sh -r -c lto && ./test.sh -f) 2>&1 | tee log
+
+Copy dot.mkshrc to /etc/skel/.mkshrc; install mksh into $prefix/bin; or
+/bin; install the manpage, if omitting the -r flag a catmanpage is made
+using $NROFF. Consider using a forward script as /etc/skel/.mkshrc like
+http://anonscm.debian.org/cgit/collab-maint/mksh.git/plain/debian/.mkshrc
+and put dot.mkshrc as /etc/mkshrc so users need not keep up their HOME.
+
+You may also want to install the lksh binary (also as /bin/sh) built by:
+$ CPPFLAGS="$CPPFLAGS -DMKSH_BINSHPOSIX" sh Build.sh -L -r -c lto
+
+EOD
diff --git a/source/sh/Rules.mk b/source/sh/Rules.mk
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..5c12d0a
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+MKSH_SUBDIR = source/sh
+MKSH_BIN    = sh
+MKSH_CCCMD  = $(CC) $(CFLAGS) -I$(MKSH_SUBDIR) $(MKSH_DEFINES) -c -o $@ $^
+MKSH_LDCMD  = $(CC) -o $@ $^
+
+MKSH_OBJS =                  \
+    $(MKSH_SUBDIR)/lalloc.o  \
+    $(MKSH_SUBDIR)/eval.o    \
+    $(MKSH_SUBDIR)/exec.o    \
+    $(MKSH_SUBDIR)/expr.o    \
+    $(MKSH_SUBDIR)/funcs.o   \
+    $(MKSH_SUBDIR)/histrap.o \
+    $(MKSH_SUBDIR)/jobs.o    \
+    $(MKSH_SUBDIR)/lex.o     \
+    $(MKSH_SUBDIR)/main.o    \
+    $(MKSH_SUBDIR)/misc.o    \
+    $(MKSH_SUBDIR)/shf.o     \
+    $(MKSH_SUBDIR)/syn.o     \
+    $(MKSH_SUBDIR)/tree.o    \
+    $(MKSH_SUBDIR)/var.o     \
+    $(MKSH_SUBDIR)/edit.o
+
+MKSH_DEFINES =                  \
+    -DMKSH_BUILD_R=523          \
+    -DMKSH_BUILDSH              \
+    -D_DARWIN_C_SOURCE          \
+    -DHAVE_ATTRIBUTE_BOUNDED=1  \
+    -DHAVE_ATTRIBUTE_FORMAT=1   \
+    -DHAVE_ATTRIBUTE_NORETURN=1 \
+    -DHAVE_ATTRIBUTE_PURE=1     \
+    -DHAVE_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED=1   \
+    -DHAVE_ATTRIBUTE_USED=1     \
+    -DHAVE_SYS_TIME_H=1         \
+    -DHAVE_TIME_H=1             \
+    -DHAVE_BOTH_TIME_H=1        \
+    -DHAVE_SYS_BSDTYPES_H=0     \
+    -DHAVE_SYS_FILE_H=1         \
+    -DHAVE_SYS_MKDEV_H=0        \
+    -DHAVE_SYS_MMAN_H=1         \
+    -DHAVE_SYS_PARAM_H=1        \
+    -DHAVE_SYS_RESOURCE_H=1     \
+    -DHAVE_SYS_SELECT_H=1       \
+    -DHAVE_SYS_SYSMACROS_H=0    \
+    -DHAVE_BSTRING_H=0          \
+    -DHAVE_GRP_H=1              \
+    -DHAVE_IO_H=0               \
+    -DHAVE_LIBGEN_H=1           \
+    -DHAVE_LIBUTIL_H=0          \
+    -DHAVE_PATHS_H=1            \
+    -DHAVE_STDINT_H=1           \
+    -DHAVE_STRINGS_H=1          \
+    -DHAVE_TERMIOS_H=1          \
+    -DHAVE_ULIMIT_H=1           \
+    -DHAVE_VALUES_H=0           \
+    -DHAVE_CAN_INTTYPES=1       \
+    -DHAVE_CAN_UCBINTS=1        \
+    -DHAVE_CAN_INT8TYPE=1       \
+    -DHAVE_CAN_UCBINT8=1        \
+    -DHAVE_RLIM_T=1             \
+    -DHAVE_SIG_T=1              \
+    -DHAVE_SYS_ERRLIST=1        \
+    -DHAVE_SYS_SIGNAME=1        \
+    -DHAVE_SYS_SIGLIST=1        \
+    -DHAVE_FLOCK=1              \
+    -DHAVE_LOCK_FCNTL=1         \
+    -DHAVE_GETRUSAGE=1          \
+    -DHAVE_GETSID=1             \
+    -DHAVE_GETTIMEOFDAY=1       \
+    -DHAVE_KILLPG=1             \
+    -DHAVE_MEMMOVE=1            \
+    -DHAVE_MKNOD=0              \
+    -DHAVE_MMAP=1               \
+    -DHAVE_NICE=1               \
+    -DHAVE_REVOKE=1             \
+    -DHAVE_SETLOCALE_CTYPE=1    \
+    -DHAVE_LANGINFO_CODESET=1   \
+    -DHAVE_SELECT=1             \
+    -DHAVE_SETRESUGID=0         \
+    -DHAVE_SETGROUPS=0          \
+    -DHAVE_STRERROR=0           \
+    -DHAVE_STRSIGNAL=0          \
+    -DHAVE_STRLCPY=1            \
+    -DHAVE_FLOCK_DECL=1         \
+    -DHAVE_REVOKE_DECL=1        \
+    -DHAVE_SYS_ERRLIST_DECL=1   \
+    -DHAVE_SYS_SIGLIST_DECL=1   \
+    -DHAVE_PERSISTENT_HISTORY=1
+
+$(MKSH_BIN): $(MKSH_OBJS)
+       $(MKSH_LDCMD)
+
+$(MKSH_SUBDIR)/lalloc.o: $(MKSH_SUBDIR)/lalloc.c
+       $(MKSH_CCCMD)
+
+$(MKSH_SUBDIR)/eval.o: $(MKSH_SUBDIR)/eval.c
+       $(MKSH_CCCMD)
+
+$(MKSH_SUBDIR)/exec.o: $(MKSH_SUBDIR)/exec.c
+       $(MKSH_CCCMD)
+
+$(MKSH_SUBDIR)/expr.o: $(MKSH_SUBDIR)/expr.c
+       $(MKSH_CCCMD)
+
+$(MKSH_SUBDIR)/funcs.o: $(MKSH_SUBDIR)/funcs.c
+       $(MKSH_CCCMD)
+
+$(MKSH_SUBDIR)/histrap.o: $(MKSH_SUBDIR)/histrap.c
+       $(MKSH_CCCMD)
+
+$(MKSH_SUBDIR)/jobs.o: $(MKSH_SUBDIR)/jobs.c
+       $(MKSH_CCCMD)
+
+$(MKSH_SUBDIR)/lex.o: $(MKSH_SUBDIR)/lex.c
+       $(MKSH_CCCMD)
+
+$(MKSH_SUBDIR)/main.o: $(MKSH_SUBDIR)/main.c
+       $(MKSH_CCCMD)
+
+$(MKSH_SUBDIR)/misc.o: $(MKSH_SUBDIR)/misc.c
+       $(MKSH_CCCMD)
+
+$(MKSH_SUBDIR)/shf.o: $(MKSH_SUBDIR)/shf.c
+       $(MKSH_CCCMD)
+
+$(MKSH_SUBDIR)/syn.o: $(MKSH_SUBDIR)/syn.c
+       $(MKSH_CCCMD)
+
+$(MKSH_SUBDIR)/tree.o: $(MKSH_SUBDIR)/tree.c
+       $(MKSH_CCCMD)
+
+$(MKSH_SUBDIR)/var.o: $(MKSH_SUBDIR)/var.c
+       $(MKSH_CCCMD)
+
+$(MKSH_SUBDIR)/edit.o: $(MKSH_SUBDIR)/edit.c
+       $(MKSH_CCCMD)
diff --git a/source/sh/check.pl b/source/sh/check.pl
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..a80d4e1
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,1321 @@
+# $MirOS: src/bin/mksh/check.pl,v 1.42 2015/11/29 17:05:00 tg Exp $
+# $OpenBSD: th,v 1.1 2013/12/02 20:39:44 millert Exp $
+#-
+# Copyright (c) 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2011,
+#              2012, 2013, 2014, 2015
+#      mirabilos <m@mirbsd.org>
+#
+# Provided that these terms and disclaimer and all copyright notices
+# are retained or reproduced in an accompanying document, permission
+# is granted to deal in this work without restriction, including un-
+# limited rights to use, publicly perform, distribute, sell, modify,
+# merge, give away, or sublicence.
+#
+# This work is provided "AS IS" and WITHOUT WARRANTY of any kind, to
+# the utmost extent permitted by applicable law, neither express nor
+# implied; without malicious intent or gross negligence. In no event
+# may a licensor, author or contributor be held liable for indirect,
+# direct, other damage, loss, or other issues arising in any way out
+# of dealing in the work, even if advised of the possibility of such
+# damage or existence of a defect, except proven that it results out
+# of said person's immediate fault when using the work as intended.
+#-
+# Example test:
+#              name: a-test
+#              description:
+#                      a test to show how tests are done
+#              arguments: !-x!-f!
+#              stdin:
+#                      echo -n *
+#                      false
+#              expected-stdout: !
+#                      *
+#              expected-stderr:
+#                      + echo -n *
+#                      + false
+#              expected-exit: 1
+#              ---
+#      This runs the test-program (eg, mksh) with the arguments -x and -f,
+#      standard input is a file containing "echo hi*\nfalse\n". The program
+#      is expected to produce "hi*" (no trailing newline) on standard output,
+#      "+ echo hi*\n+false\n" on standard error, and an exit code of 1.
+#
+#
+# Format of test files:
+# - blank lines and lines starting with # are ignored
+# - a test file contains a series of tests
+# - a test is a series of tag:value pairs ended with a "---" line
+#   (leading/trailing spaces are stripped from the first line of value)
+# - test tags are:
+#      Tag                     Flag    Description
+#      -----                   ----    -----------
+#      name                    r       The name of the test; should be unique
+#      description             m       What test does
+#      arguments               M       Arguments to pass to the program;
+#                                      default is no arguments.
+#      script                  m       Value is written to a file which
+#                                      is passed as an argument to the program
+#                                      (after the arguments arguments)
+#      stdin                   m       Value is written to a file which is
+#                                      used as standard-input for the program;
+#                                      default is to use /dev/null.
+#      perl-setup              m       Value is a perl script which is executed
+#                                      just before the test is run. Try to
+#                                      avoid using this...
+#      perl-cleanup            m       Value is a perl script which is executed
+#                                      just after the test is run. Try to
+#                                      avoid using this...
+#      env-setup               M       Value is a list of NAME=VALUE elements
+#                                      which are put in the environment before
+#                                      the test is run. If the =VALUE is
+#                                      missing, NAME is removed from the
+#                                      environment. Programs are run with
+#                                      the following minimal environment:
+#                                          HOME, LD_LIBRARY_PATH, LOCPATH,
+#                                          LOGNAME, PATH, SHELL, UNIXMODE,
+#                                          UNIXROOT, USER
+#                                      (values taken from the environment of
+#                                      the test harness).
+#                                      CYGWIN is set to nodosfilewarning.
+#                                      ENV is set to /nonexistant.
+#                                      PATHSEP is set to either : or ;.
+#                                      __progname is set to the -p argument.
+#                                      __perlname is set to $^X (perlexe).
+#      file-setup              mps     Used to create files, directories
+#                                      and symlinks. First word is either
+#                                      file, dir or symlink; second word is
+#                                      permissions; this is followed by a
+#                                      quoted word that is the name of the
+#                                      file; the end-quote should be followed
+#                                      by a newline, then the file data
+#                                      (if any). The first word may be
+#                                      preceded by a ! to strip the trailing
+#                                      newline in a symlink.
+#      file-result             mps     Used to verify a file, symlink or
+#                                      directory is created correctly.
+#                                      The first word is either
+#                                      file, dir or symlink; second word is
+#                                      expected permissions; third word
+#                                      is user-id; fourth is group-id;
+#                                      fifth is "exact" or "pattern"
+#                                      indicating whether the file contents
+#                                      which follow is to be matched exactly
+#                                      or if it is a regular expression.
+#                                      The fifth argument is the quoted name
+#                                      of the file that should be created.
+#                                      The end-quote should be followed
+#                                      by a newline, then the file data
+#                                      (if any). The first word may be
+#                                      preceded by a ! to strip the trailing
+#                                      newline in the file contents.
+#                                      The permissions, user and group fields
+#                                      may be * meaning accept any value.
+#      time-limit                      Time limit - the program is sent a
+#                                      SIGKILL N seconds. Default is no
+#                                      limit.
+#      expected-fail                   'yes' if the test is expected to fail.
+#      expected-exit                   expected exit code. Can be a number,
+#                                      or a C expression using the variables
+#                                      e, s and w (exit code, termination
+#                                      signal, and status code).
+#      expected-stdout         m       What the test should generate on stdout;
+#                                      default is to expect no output.
+#      expected-stdout-pattern m       A perl pattern which matches the
+#                                      expected output.
+#      expected-stderr         m       What the test should generate on stderr;
+#                                      default is to expect no output.
+#      expected-stderr-pattern m       A perl pattern which matches the
+#                                      expected standard error.
+#      category                m       Specify a comma separated list of
+#                                      'categories' of program that the test
+#                                      is to be run for. A category can be
+#                                      negated by prefixing the name with a !.
+#                                      The idea is that some tests in a
+#                                      test suite may apply to a particular
+#                                      program version and shouldn't be run
+#                                      on other versions. The category(s) of
+#                                      the program being tested can be
+#                                      specified on the command line.
+#                                      One category os:XXX is predefined
+#                                      (XXX is the operating system name,
+#                                      eg, linux, dec_osf).
+#      need-ctty                       'yes' if the test needs a ctty, run
+#                                      with -C regress:no-ctty to disable.
+# Flag meanings:
+#      r       tag is required (eg, a test must have a name tag).
+#      m       value can be multiple lines. Lines must be prefixed with
+#              a tab. If the value part of the initial tag:value line is
+#                      - empty: the initial blank line is stripped.
+#                      - a lone !: the last newline in the value is stripped;
+#      M       value can be multiple lines (prefixed by a tab) and consists
+#              of multiple fields, delimited by a field separator character.
+#              The value must start and end with the f-s-c.
+#      p       tag takes parameters (used with m).
+#      s       tag can be used several times.
+
+# pull EINTR from POSIX.pm or Errno.pm if they exist
+# otherwise just skip it
+BEGIN {
+       $EINTR = 0;
+       eval {
+               require POSIX;
+               $EINTR = POSIX::EINTR();
+       };
+       if ($@) {
+               eval {
+                       require Errno;
+                       $EINTR = Errno::EINTR();
+               } or do {
+                       $EINTR = 0;
+               };
+       }
+};
+
+use Getopt::Std;
+use Config;
+
+$os = defined $^O ? $^O : 'unknown';
+
+($prog = $0) =~ s#.*/##;
+
+$Usage = <<EOF ;
+Usage: $prog [-Pv] [-C cat] [-e e=v] [-p prog] [-s fn] [-T dir] \
+       [-t tmo] name ...
+       -C c    Specify the comma separated list of categories the program
+               belongs to (see category field).
+       -e e=v  Set the environment variable e to v for all tests
+               (if no =v is given, the current value is used)
+               Only one -e option can be given at the moment, sadly.
+       -P      program (-p) string has multiple words, and the program is in
+               the path (kludge option)
+       -p p    Use p as the program to test
+       -s s    Read tests from file s; if s is a directory, it is recursively
+               scaned for test files (which end in .t).
+       -T dir  Use dir instead of /tmp to hold temporary files
+       -t t    Use t as default time limit for tests (default is unlimited)
+       -v      Verbose mode: print reason test failed.
+       name    specifies the name of the test(s) to run; if none are
+               specified, all tests are run.
+EOF
+
+# See comment above for flag meanings
+%test_fields = (
+       'name',                         'r',
+       'description',                  'm',
+       'arguments',                    'M',
+       'script',                       'm',
+       'stdin',                        'm',
+       'perl-setup',                   'm',
+       'perl-cleanup',                 'm',
+       'env-setup',                    'M',
+       'file-setup',                   'mps',
+       'file-result',                  'mps',
+       'time-limit',                   '',
+       'expected-fail',                '',
+       'expected-exit',                '',
+       'expected-stdout',              'm',
+       'expected-stdout-pattern',      'm',
+       'expected-stderr',              'm',
+       'expected-stderr-pattern',      'm',
+       'category',                     'm',
+       'need-ctty',                    '',
+       'need-pass',                    '',
+       );
+# Filled in by read_test()
+%internal_test_fields = (
+       ':full-name', 1,                # file:name
+       ':long-name', 1,                # dir/file:lineno:name
+       );
+
+# Categories of the program under test. Provide the current
+# os by default.
+%categories = (
+       "os:$os", '1'
+       );
+
+$nfailed = 0;
+$nifailed = 0;
+$nxfailed = 0;
+$npassed = 0;
+$nxpassed = 0;
+
+%known_tests = ();
+
+if (!getopts('C:e:Pp:s:T:t:v')) {
+    print STDERR $Usage;
+    exit 1;
+}
+
+die "$prog: no program specified (use -p)\n" if !defined $opt_p;
+die "$prog: no test set specified (use -s)\n" if !defined $opt_s;
+$test_prog = $opt_p;
+$verbose = defined $opt_v && $opt_v;
+$test_set = $opt_s;
+$temp_base = $opt_T || "/tmp";
+if (defined $opt_t) {
+    die "$prog: bad -t argument (should be number > 0): $opt_t\n"
+       if $opt_t !~ /^\d+$/ || $opt_t <= 0;
+    $default_time_limit = $opt_t;
+}
+$program_kludge = defined $opt_P ? $opt_P : 0;
+
+if (defined $opt_C) {
+    foreach $c (split(',', $opt_C)) {
+       $c =~ s/\s+//;
+       die "$prog: categories can't be negated on the command line\n"
+           if ($c =~ /^!/);
+       $categories{$c} = 1;
+    }
+}
+
+# Note which tests are to be run.
+%do_test = ();
+grep($do_test{$_} = 1, @ARGV);
+$all_tests = @ARGV == 0;
+
+# Set up a very minimal environment
+%new_env = ();
+foreach $env (('HOME', 'LD_LIBRARY_PATH', 'LOCPATH', 'LOGNAME',
+  'PATH', 'SHELL', 'UNIXMODE', 'UNIXROOT', 'USER')) {
+    $new_env{$env} = $ENV{$env} if defined $ENV{$env};
+}
+$new_env{'CYGWIN'} = 'nodosfilewarning';
+$new_env{'ENV'} = '/nonexistant';
+$new_env{'PATHSEP'} = $os eq 'os2' ? ';' : ':';
+if (($os eq 'VMS') || ($Config{perlpath} =~ m/$Config{_exe}$/i)) {
+       $new_env{'__perlname'} = $Config{perlpath};
+} else {
+       $new_env{'__perlname'} = $Config{perlpath} . $Config{_exe};
+}
+if (defined $opt_e) {
+    # XXX need a way to allow many -e arguments...
+    if ($opt_e =~ /^([a-zA-Z_]\w*)(|=(.*))$/) {
+       $new_env{$1} = $2 eq '' ? $ENV{$1} : $3;
+    } else {
+       die "$0: bad -e argument: $opt_e\n";
+    }
+}
+%old_env = %ENV;
+
+chop($pwd = `pwd 2>/dev/null`);
+die "$prog: couldn't get current working directory\n" if $pwd eq '';
+die "$prog: couldn't cd to $pwd - $!\n" if !chdir($pwd);
+
+die "$prog: couldn't cd to $temp_base - $!\n" if !chdir($temp_base);
+die "$prog: couldn't get temporary directory base\n" unless -d '.';
+$temps = sprintf("chk%d-%d.", $$, time());
+$tempi = 0;
+until (mkdir(($tempdir = sprintf("%s%03d", $temps, $tempi)), 0700)) {
+    die "$prog: couldn't get temporary directory\n" if $tempi++ >= 999;
+}
+die "$prog: couldn't cd to $tempdir - $!\n" if !chdir($tempdir);
+chop($temp_dir = `pwd 2>/dev/null`);
+die "$prog: couldn't get temporary directory\n" if $temp_dir eq '';
+die "$prog: couldn't cd to $pwd - $!\n" if !chdir($pwd);
+
+if (!$program_kludge) {
+    $test_prog = "$pwd/$test_prog" if (substr($test_prog, 0, 1) ne '/') &&
+      ($os ne 'os2' || substr($test_prog, 1, 1) ne ':');
+    die "$prog: $test_prog is not executable - bye\n"
+      if (! -x $test_prog && $os ne 'os2');
+}
+
+@trap_sigs = ('TERM', 'QUIT', 'INT', 'PIPE', 'HUP');
+@SIG{@trap_sigs} = ('cleanup_exit') x @trap_sigs;
+$child_kill_ok = 0;
+$SIG{'ALRM'} = 'catch_sigalrm';
+
+$| = 1;
+
+# Create temp files
+$temps = "${temp_dir}/rts";
+$tempi = "${temp_dir}/rti";
+$tempo = "${temp_dir}/rto";
+$tempe = "${temp_dir}/rte";
+$tempdir = "${temp_dir}/rtd";
+mkdir($tempdir, 0700) or die "$prog: couldn't mkdir $tempdir - $!\n";
+
+if (-d $test_set) {
+    $file_prefix_skip = length($test_set) + 1;
+    $ret = &process_test_dir($test_set);
+} else {
+    $file_prefix_skip = 0;
+    $ret = &process_test_file($test_set);
+}
+&cleanup_exit() if !defined $ret;
+
+$tot_failed = $nfailed + $nifailed + $nxfailed;
+$tot_passed = $npassed + $nxpassed;
+if ($tot_failed || $tot_passed) {
+    print "Total failed: $tot_failed";
+    print " ($nifailed ignored)" if $nifailed;
+    print " ($nxfailed unexpected)" if $nxfailed;
+    print " (as expected)" if $nfailed && !$nxfailed && !$nifailed;
+    print " ($nfailed expected)" if $nfailed && ($nxfailed || $nifailed);
+    print "\nTotal passed: $tot_passed";
+    print " ($nxpassed unexpected)" if $nxpassed;
+    print "\n";
+}
+
+&cleanup_exit('ok');
+
+sub
+cleanup_exit
+{
+    local($sig, $exitcode) = ('', 1);
+
+    if ($_[0] eq 'ok') {
+       unless ($nxfailed) {
+               $exitcode = 0;
+       } else {
+               $exitcode = 1;
+       }
+    } elsif ($_[0] ne '') {
+       $sig = $_[0];
+    }
+
+    unlink($tempi, $tempo, $tempe, $temps);
+    &scrub_dir($tempdir) if defined $tempdir;
+    rmdir($tempdir) if defined $tempdir;
+    rmdir($temp_dir) if defined $temp_dir;
+
+    if ($sig) {
+       $SIG{$sig} = 'DEFAULT';
+       kill $sig, $$;
+       return;
+    }
+    exit $exitcode;
+}
+
+sub
+catch_sigalrm
+{
+    $SIG{'ALRM'} = 'catch_sigalrm';
+    kill(9, $child_pid) if $child_kill_ok;
+    $child_killed = 1;
+}
+
+sub
+process_test_dir
+{
+    local($dir) = @_;
+    local($ret, $file);
+    local(@todo) = ();
+
+    if (!opendir(DIR, $dir)) {
+       print STDERR "$prog: can't open directory $dir - $!\n";
+       return undef;
+    }
+    while (defined ($file = readdir(DIR))) {
+       push(@todo, $file) if $file =~ /^[^.].*\.t$/;
+    }
+    closedir(DIR);
+
+    foreach $file (@todo) {
+       $file = "$dir/$file";
+       if (-d $file) {
+           $ret = &process_test_dir($file);
+       } elsif (-f _) {
+           $ret = &process_test_file($file);
+       }
+       last if !defined $ret;
+    }
+
+    return $ret;
+}
+
+sub
+process_test_file
+{
+    local($file) = @_;
+    local($ret);
+
+    if (!open(IN, $file)) {
+       print STDERR "$prog: can't open $file - $!\n";
+       return undef;
+    }
+    binmode(IN);
+    while (1) {
+       $ret = &read_test($file, IN, *test);
+       last if !defined $ret || !$ret;
+       next if !$all_tests && !$do_test{$test{'name'}};
+       next if !&category_check(*test);
+       $ret = &run_test(*test);
+       last if !defined $ret;
+    }
+    close(IN);
+
+    return $ret;
+}
+
+sub
+run_test
+{
+    local(*test) = @_;
+    local($name) = $test{':full-name'};
+
+    return undef if !&scrub_dir($tempdir);
+
+    if (defined $test{'stdin'}) {
+       return undef if !&write_file($tempi, $test{'stdin'});
+       $ifile = $tempi;
+    } else {
+       $ifile = '/dev/null';
+    }
+
+    if (defined $test{'script'}) {
+       return undef if !&write_file($temps, $test{'script'});
+    }
+
+    if (!chdir($tempdir)) {
+       print STDERR "$prog: couldn't cd to $tempdir - $!\n";
+       return undef;
+    }
+
+    if (defined $test{'file-setup'}) {
+       local($i);
+       local($type, $perm, $rest, $c, $len, $name);
+
+       for ($i = 0; $i < $test{'file-setup'}; $i++) {
+           $val = $test{"file-setup:$i"};
+
+           # format is: type perm "name"
+           ($type, $perm, $rest) =
+               split(' ', $val, 3);
+           $c = substr($rest, 0, 1);
+           $len = index($rest, $c, 1) - 1;
+           $name = substr($rest, 1, $len);
+           $rest = substr($rest, 2 + $len);
+           $perm = oct($perm) if $perm =~ /^\d+$/;
+           if ($type eq 'file') {
+               return undef if !&write_file($name, $rest);
+               if (!chmod($perm, $name)) {
+                   print STDERR
+                 "$prog:$test{':long-name'}: can't chmod $perm $name - $!\n";
+                   return undef;
+               }
+           } elsif ($type eq 'dir') {
+               if (!mkdir($name, $perm)) {
+                   print STDERR
+                 "$prog:$test{':long-name'}: can't mkdir $perm $name - $!\n";
+                   return undef;
+               }
+           } elsif ($type eq 'symlink') {
+               local($oumask) = umask($perm);
+               local($ret) = symlink($rest, $name);
+               umask($oumask);
+               if (!$ret) {
+                   print STDERR
+           "$prog:$test{':long-name'}: couldn't create symlink $name - $!\n";
+                   return undef;
+               }
+           }
+       }
+    }
+
+    if (defined $test{'perl-setup'}) {
+       eval $test{'perl-setup'};
+       if ($@ ne '') {
+           print STDERR "$prog:$test{':long-name'}: error running perl-setup - $@\n";
+           return undef;
+       }
+    }
+
+    $pid = fork;
+    if (!defined $pid) {
+       print STDERR "$prog: can't fork - $!\n";
+       return undef;
+    }
+    if (!$pid) {
+       @SIG{@trap_sigs} = ('DEFAULT') x @trap_sigs;
+       $SIG{'ALRM'} = 'DEFAULT';
+       if (defined $test{'env-setup'}) {
+           local($var, $val, $i);
+
+           foreach $var (split(substr($test{'env-setup'}, 0, 1),
+               $test{'env-setup'}))
+           {
+               $i = index($var, '=');
+               next if $i == 0 || $var eq '';
+               if ($i < 0) {
+                   delete $new_env{$var};
+               } else {
+                   $new_env{substr($var, 0, $i)} = substr($var, $i + 1);
+               }
+           }
+       }
+       if (!open(STDIN, "< $ifile")) {
+               print STDERR "$prog: couldn't open $ifile in child - $!\n";
+               kill('TERM', $$);
+       }
+       binmode(STDIN);
+       if (!open(STDOUT, "> $tempo")) {
+               print STDERR "$prog: couldn't open $tempo in child - $!\n";
+               kill('TERM', $$);
+       }
+       binmode(STDOUT);
+       if (!open(STDERR, "> $tempe")) {
+               print STDOUT "$prog: couldn't open $tempe in child - $!\n";
+               kill('TERM', $$);
+       }
+       binmode(STDERR);
+       if ($program_kludge) {
+           @argv = split(' ', $test_prog);
+       } else {
+           @argv = ($test_prog);
+       }
+       if (defined $test{'arguments'}) {
+               push(@argv,
+                    split(substr($test{'arguments'}, 0, 1),
+                          substr($test{'arguments'}, 1)));
+       }
+       push(@argv, $temps) if defined $test{'script'};
+
+       #XXX realpathise, use command -v/whence -p/which, or sth. like that
+       #XXX if !$program_kludge, we get by with not doing it for now tho
+       $new_env{'__progname'} = $argv[0];
+
+       # The following doesn't work with perl5...  Need to do it explicitly - yuck.
+       #%ENV = %new_env;
+       foreach $k (keys(%ENV)) {
+           delete $ENV{$k};
+       }
+       $ENV{$k} = $v while ($k,$v) = each %new_env;
+
+       exec { $argv[0] } @argv;
+       print STDERR "$prog: couldn't execute $test_prog - $!\n";
+       kill('TERM', $$);
+       exit(95);
+    }
+    $child_pid = $pid;
+    $child_killed = 0;
+    $child_kill_ok = 1;
+    alarm($test{'time-limit'}) if defined $test{'time-limit'};
+    while (1) {
+       $xpid = waitpid($pid, 0);
+       $child_kill_ok = 0;
+       if ($xpid < 0) {
+           if ($EINTR) {
+               next if $! == $EINTR;
+           }
+           print STDERR "$prog: error waiting for child - $!\n";
+           return undef;
+       }
+       last;
+    }
+    $status = $?;
+    alarm(0) if defined $test{'time-limit'};
+
+    $failed = 0;
+    $why = '';
+
+    if ($child_killed) {
+       $failed = 1;
+       $why .= "\ttest timed out (limit of $test{'time-limit'} seconds)\n";
+    }
+
+    $ret = &eval_exit($test{'long-name'}, $status, $test{'expected-exit'});
+    return undef if !defined $ret;
+    if (!$ret) {
+       local($expl);
+
+       $failed = 1;
+       if (($status & 0xff) == 0x7f) {
+           $expl = "stopped";
+       } elsif (($status & 0xff)) {
+           $expl = "signal " . ($status & 0x7f);
+       } else {
+           $expl = "exit-code " . (($status >> 8) & 0xff);
+       }
+       $why .=
+       "\tunexpected exit status $status ($expl), expected $test{'expected-exit'}\n";
+    }
+
+    $tmp = &check_output($test{'long-name'}, $tempo, 'stdout',
+               $test{'expected-stdout'}, $test{'expected-stdout-pattern'});
+    return undef if !defined $tmp;
+    if ($tmp ne '') {
+       $failed = 1;
+       $why .= $tmp;
+    }
+
+    $tmp = &check_output($test{'long-name'}, $tempe, 'stderr',
+               $test{'expected-stderr'}, $test{'expected-stderr-pattern'});
+    return undef if !defined $tmp;
+    if ($tmp ne '') {
+       $failed = 1;
+       $why .= $tmp;
+    }
+
+    $tmp = &check_file_result(*test);
+    return undef if !defined $tmp;
+    if ($tmp ne '') {
+       $failed = 1;
+       $why .= $tmp;
+    }
+
+    if (defined $test{'perl-cleanup'}) {
+       eval $test{'perl-cleanup'};
+       if ($@ ne '') {
+           print STDERR "$prog:$test{':long-name'}: error running perl-cleanup - $@\n";
+           return undef;
+       }
+    }
+
+    if (!chdir($pwd)) {
+       print STDERR "$prog: couldn't cd to $pwd - $!\n";
+       return undef;
+    }
+
+    if ($failed) {
+       if (!$test{'expected-fail'}) {
+           if ($test{'need-pass'}) {
+               print "FAIL $name\n";
+               $nxfailed++;
+           } else {
+               print "FAIL $name (ignored)\n";
+               $nifailed++;
+           }
+       } else {
+           print "fail $name (as expected)\n";
+           $nfailed++;
+       }
+       $why = "\tDescription"
+               . &wrap_lines($test{'description'}, " (missing)\n")
+               . $why;
+    } elsif ($test{'expected-fail'}) {
+       print "PASS $name (unexpectedly)\n";
+       $nxpassed++;
+    } else {
+       print "pass $name\n";
+       $npassed++;
+    }
+    print $why if $verbose;
+    return 0;
+}
+
+sub
+category_check
+{
+    local(*test) = @_;
+    local($c);
+
+    return 0 if ($test{'need-ctty'} && defined $categories{'regress:no-ctty'});
+    return 1 if (!defined $test{'category'});
+    local($ok) = 0;
+    foreach $c (split(',', $test{'category'})) {
+       $c =~ s/\s+//;
+       if ($c =~ /^!/) {
+           $c = $';
+           return 0 if (defined $categories{$c});
+           $ok = 1;
+       } else {
+           $ok = 1 if (defined $categories{$c});
+       }
+    }
+    return $ok;
+}
+
+sub
+scrub_dir
+{
+    local($dir) = @_;
+    local(@todo) = ();
+    local($file);
+
+    if (!opendir(DIR, $dir)) {
+       print STDERR "$prog: couldn't open directory $dir - $!\n";
+       return undef;
+    }
+    while (defined ($file = readdir(DIR))) {
+       push(@todo, $file) if $file ne '.' && $file ne '..';
+    }
+    closedir(DIR);
+    foreach $file (@todo) {
+       $file = "$dir/$file";
+       if (-d $file) {
+           return undef if !&scrub_dir($file);
+           if (!rmdir($file)) {
+               print STDERR "$prog: couldn't rmdir $file - $!\n";
+               return undef;
+           }
+       } else {
+           if (!unlink($file)) {
+               print STDERR "$prog: couldn't unlink $file - $!\n";
+               return undef;
+           }
+       }
+    }
+    return 1;
+}
+
+sub
+write_file
+{
+    local($file, $str) = @_;
+
+    if (!open(TEMP, "> $file")) {
+       print STDERR "$prog: can't open $file - $!\n";
+       return undef;
+    }
+    binmode(TEMP);
+    print TEMP $str;
+    if (!close(TEMP)) {
+       print STDERR "$prog: error writing $file - $!\n";
+       return undef;
+    }
+    return 1;
+}
+
+sub
+check_output
+{
+    local($name, $file, $what, $expect, $expect_pat) = @_;
+    local($got) = '';
+    local($why) = '';
+    local($ret);
+
+    if (!open(TEMP, "< $file")) {
+       print STDERR "$prog:$name($what): couldn't open $file after running program - $!\n";
+       return undef;
+    }
+    binmode(TEMP);
+    while (<TEMP>) {
+       $got .= $_;
+    }
+    close(TEMP);
+    return compare_output($name, $what, $expect, $expect_pat, $got);
+}
+
+sub
+compare_output
+{
+    local($name, $what, $expect, $expect_pat, $got) = @_;
+    local($why) = '';
+
+    if (defined $expect_pat) {
+       $_ = $got;
+       $ret = eval "$expect_pat";
+       if ($@ ne '') {
+           print STDERR "$prog:$name($what): error evaluating $what pattern: $expect_pat - $@\n";
+           return undef;
+       }
+       if (!$ret) {
+           $why = "\tunexpected $what - wanted pattern";
+           $why .= &wrap_lines($expect_pat);
+           $why .= "\tgot";
+           $why .= &wrap_lines($got);
+       }
+    } else {
+       $expect = '' if !defined $expect;
+       if ($got ne $expect) {
+           $why .= "\tunexpected $what - " . &first_diff($expect, $got) . "\n";
+           $why .= "\twanted";
+           $why .= &wrap_lines($expect);
+           $why .= "\tgot";
+           $why .= &wrap_lines($got);
+       }
+    }
+    return $why;
+}
+
+sub
+wrap_lines
+{
+    local($str, $empty) = @_;
+    local($nonl) = substr($str, -1, 1) ne "\n";
+
+    return (defined $empty ? $empty : " nothing\n") if $str eq '';
+    substr($str, 0, 0) = ":\n";
+    $str =~ s/\n/\n\t\t/g;
+    if ($nonl) {
+       $str .= "\n\t[incomplete last line]\n";
+    } else {
+       chop($str);
+       chop($str);
+    }
+    return $str;
+}
+
+sub
+first_diff
+{
+    local($exp, $got) = @_;
+    local($lineno, $char) = (1, 1);
+    local($i, $exp_len, $got_len);
+    local($ce, $cg);
+
+    $exp_len = length($exp);
+    $got_len = length($got);
+    if ($exp_len != $got_len) {
+       if ($exp_len < $got_len) {
+           if (substr($got, 0, $exp_len) eq $exp) {
+               return "got too much output";
+           }
+       } elsif (substr($exp, 0, $got_len) eq $got) {
+           return "got too little output";
+       }
+    }
+    for ($i = 0; $i < $exp_len; $i++) {
+       $ce = substr($exp, $i, 1);
+       $cg = substr($got, $i, 1);
+       last if $ce ne $cg;
+       $char++;
+       if ($ce eq "\n") {
+           $lineno++;
+           $char = 1;
+       }
+    }
+    return "first difference: line $lineno, char $char (wanted '"
+       . &format_char($ce) . "', got '"
+       . &format_char($cg) . "'";
+}
+
+sub
+format_char
+{
+    local($ch, $s);
+
+    $ch = ord($_[0]);
+    if ($ch == 10) {
+       return '\n';
+    } elsif ($ch == 13) {
+       return '\r';
+    } elsif ($ch == 8) {
+       return '\b';
+    } elsif ($ch == 9) {
+       return '\t';
+    } elsif ($ch > 127) {
+       $ch -= 127;
+       $s = "M-";
+    } else {
+       $s = '';
+    }
+    if ($ch < 32) {
+       $s .= '^';
+       $ch += ord('@');
+    } elsif ($ch == 127) {
+       return $s . "^?";
+    }
+    return $s . sprintf("%c", $ch);
+}
+
+sub
+eval_exit
+{
+    local($name, $status, $expect) = @_;
+    local($expr);
+    local($w, $e, $s) = ($status, ($status >> 8) & 0xff, $status & 0x7f);
+
+    $e = -1000 if $status & 0xff;
+    $s = -1000 if $s == 0x7f;
+    if (!defined $expect) {
+       $expr = '$w == 0';
+    } elsif ($expect =~ /^(|-)\d+$/) {
+       $expr = "\$e == $expect";
+    } else {
+       $expr = $expect;
+       $expr =~ s/\b([wse])\b/\$$1/g;
+       $expr =~ s/\b(SIG[A-Z][A-Z0-9]*)\b/&$1/g;
+    }
+    $w = eval $expr;
+    if ($@ ne '') {
+       print STDERR "$prog:$test{':long-name'}: bad expected-exit expression: $expect ($@)\n";
+       return undef;
+    }
+    return $w;
+}
+
+sub
+read_test
+{
+    local($file, $in, *test) = @_;
+    local($field, $val, $flags, $do_chop, $need_redo, $start_lineno);
+    local(%cnt, $sfield);
+
+    %test = ();
+    %cnt = ();
+    while (<$in>) {
+       chop;
+       next if /^\s*$/;
+       next if /^ *#/;
+       last if /^\s*---\s*$/;
+       $start_lineno = $. if !defined $start_lineno;
+       if (!/^([-\w]+):\s*(|\S|\S.*\S)\s*$/) {
+           print STDERR "$prog:$file:$.: unrecognised line \"$_\"\n";
+           return undef;
+       }
+       ($field, $val) = ($1, $2);
+       $sfield = $field;
+       $flags = $test_fields{$field};
+       if (!defined $flags) {
+           print STDERR "$prog:$file:$.: unrecognised field \"$field\"\n";
+           return undef;
+       }
+       if ($flags =~ /s/) {
+           local($cnt) = $cnt{$field}++;
+           $test{$field} = $cnt{$field};
+           $cnt = 0 if $cnt eq '';
+           $sfield .= ":$cnt";
+       } elsif (defined $test{$field}) {
+           print STDERR "$prog:$file:$.: multiple \"$field\" fields\n";
+           return undef;
+       }
+       $do_chop = $flags !~ /m/;
+       $need_redo = 0;
+       if ($val eq '' || $val eq '!' || $flags =~ /p/) {
+           if ($flags =~ /[Mm]/) {
+               if ($flags =~ /p/) {
+                   if ($val =~ /^!/) {
+                       $do_chop = 1;
+                       $val = $';
+                   } else {
+                       $do_chop = 0;
+                   }
+                   if ($val eq '') {
+                       print STDERR
+               "$prog:$file:$.: no parameters given for field \"$field\"\n";
+                       return undef;
+                   }
+               } else {
+                   if ($val eq '!') {
+                       $do_chop = 1;
+                   }
+                   $val = '';
+               }
+               while (<$in>) {
+                   last if !/^\t/;
+                   $val .= $';
+               }
+               chop $val if $do_chop;
+               $do_chop = 1;
+               $need_redo = 1;
+
+               # Syntax check on fields that can several instances
+               # (can give useful line numbers this way)
+
+               if ($field eq 'file-setup') {
+                   local($type, $perm, $rest, $c, $len, $name);
+
+                   # format is: type perm "name"
+                   if ($val !~ /^[ \t]*(\S+)[ \t]+(\S+)[ \t]+([^ \t].*)/) {
+                       print STDERR
+                   "$prog:$file:$.: bad parameter line for file-setup field\n";
+                       return undef;
+                   }
+                   ($type, $perm, $rest) = ($1, $2, $3);
+                   if ($type !~ /^(file|dir|symlink)$/) {
+                       print STDERR
+                   "$prog:$file:$.: bad file type for file-setup: $type\n";
+                       return undef;
+                   }
+                   if ($perm !~ /^\d+$/) {
+                       print STDERR
+                   "$prog:$file:$.: bad permissions for file-setup: $type\n";
+                       return undef;
+                   }
+                   $c = substr($rest, 0, 1);
+                   if (($len = index($rest, $c, 1) - 1) <= 0) {
+                       print STDERR
+    "$prog:$file:$.: missing end quote for file name in file-setup: $rest\n";
+                       return undef;
+                   }
+                   $name = substr($rest, 1, $len);
+                   if ($name =~ /^\// || $name =~ /(^|\/)\.\.(\/|$)/) {
+                       # Note: this is not a security thing - just a sanity
+                       # check - a test can still use symlinks to get at files
+                       # outside the test directory.
+                       print STDERR
+"$prog:$file:$.: file name in file-setup is absolute or contains ..: $name\n";
+                       return undef;
+                   }
+               }
+               if ($field eq 'file-result') {
+                   local($type, $perm, $uid, $gid, $matchType,
+                         $rest, $c, $len, $name);
+
+                   # format is: type perm uid gid matchType "name"
+                   if ($val !~ /^\s*(\S+)\s+(\S+)\s+(\S+)\s+(\S+)\s+(\S+)\s+(\S.*)/) {
+                       print STDERR
+                   "$prog:$file:$.: bad parameter line for file-result field\n";
+                       return undef;
+                   }
+                   ($type, $perm, $uid, $gid, $matchType, $rest)
+                       = ($1, $2, $3, $4, $5, $6);
+                   if ($type !~ /^(file|dir|symlink)$/) {
+                       print STDERR
+                   "$prog:$file:$.: bad file type for file-result: $type\n";
+                       return undef;
+                   }
+                   if ($perm !~ /^\d+$/ && $perm ne '*') {
+                       print STDERR
+                   "$prog:$file:$.: bad permissions for file-result: $perm\n";
+                       return undef;
+                   }
+                   if ($uid !~ /^\d+$/ && $uid ne '*') {
+                       print STDERR
+                   "$prog:$file:$.: bad user-id for file-result: $uid\n";
+                       return undef;
+                   }
+                   if ($gid !~ /^\d+$/ && $gid ne '*') {
+                       print STDERR
+                   "$prog:$file:$.: bad group-id for file-result: $gid\n";
+                       return undef;
+                   }
+                   if ($matchType !~ /^(exact|pattern)$/) {
+                       print STDERR
+               "$prog:$file:$.: bad match type for file-result: $matchType\n";
+                       return undef;
+                   }
+                   $c = substr($rest, 0, 1);
+                   if (($len = index($rest, $c, 1) - 1) <= 0) {
+                       print STDERR
+    "$prog:$file:$.: missing end quote for file name in file-result: $rest\n";
+                       return undef;
+                   }
+                   $name = substr($rest, 1, $len);
+                   if ($name =~ /^\// || $name =~ /(^|\/)\.\.(\/|$)/) {
+                       # Note: this is not a security thing - just a sanity
+                       # check - a test can still use symlinks to get at files
+                       # outside the test directory.
+                       print STDERR
+"$prog:$file:$.: file name in file-result is absolute or contains ..: $name\n";
+                       return undef;
+                   }
+               }
+           } elsif ($val eq '') {
+               print STDERR
+                   "$prog:$file:$.: no value given for field \"$field\"\n";
+               return undef;
+           }
+       }
+       $val .= "\n" if !$do_chop;
+       $test{$sfield} = $val;
+       redo if $need_redo;
+    }
+    if ($_ eq '') {
+       if (%test) {
+           print STDERR
+             "$prog:$file:$start_lineno: end-of-file while reading test\n";
+           return undef;
+       }
+       return 0;
+    }
+
+    while (($field, $val) = each %test_fields) {
+       if ($val =~ /r/ && !defined $test{$field}) {
+           print STDERR
+             "$prog:$file:$start_lineno: required field \"$field\" missing\n";
+           return undef;
+       }
+    }
+
+    $test{':full-name'} = substr($file, $file_prefix_skip) . ":$test{'name'}";
+    $test{':long-name'} = "$file:$start_lineno:$test{'name'}";
+
+    # Syntax check on specific fields
+    if (defined $test{'expected-fail'}) {
+       if ($test{'expected-fail'} !~ /^(yes|no)$/) {
+           print STDERR
+             "$prog:$test{':long-name'}: bad value for expected-fail field\n";
+           return undef;
+       }
+       $test{'expected-fail'} = $1 eq 'yes';
+    } else {
+       $test{'expected-fail'} = 0;
+    }
+    if (defined $test{'need-ctty'}) {
+       if ($test{'need-ctty'} !~ /^(yes|no)$/) {
+           print STDERR
+             "$prog:$test{':long-name'}: bad value for need-ctty field\n";
+           return undef;
+       }
+       $test{'need-ctty'} = $1 eq 'yes';
+    } else {
+       $test{'need-ctty'} = 0;
+    }
+    if (defined $test{'need-pass'}) {
+       if ($test{'need-pass'} !~ /^(yes|no)$/) {
+           print STDERR
+             "$prog:$test{':long-name'}: bad value for need-pass field\n";
+           return undef;
+       }
+       $test{'need-pass'} = $1 eq 'yes';
+    } else {
+       $test{'need-pass'} = 1;
+    }
+    if (defined $test{'arguments'}) {
+       local($firstc) = substr($test{'arguments'}, 0, 1);
+
+       if (substr($test{'arguments'}, -1, 1) ne $firstc) {
+           print STDERR "$prog:$test{':long-name'}: arguments field doesn't start and end with the same character\n";
+           return undef;
+       }
+    }
+    if (defined $test{'env-setup'}) {
+       local($firstc) = substr($test{'env-setup'}, 0, 1);
+
+       if (substr($test{'env-setup'}, -1, 1) ne $firstc) {
+           print STDERR "$prog:$test{':long-name'}: env-setup field doesn't start and end with the same character\n";
+           return undef;
+       }
+    }
+    if (defined $test{'expected-exit'}) {
+       local($val) = $test{'expected-exit'};
+
+       if ($val =~ /^(|-)\d+$/) {
+           if ($val < 0 || $val > 255) {
+               print STDERR "$prog:$test{':long-name'}: expected-exit value $val not in 0..255\n";
+               return undef;
+           }
+       } elsif ($val !~ /^([\s\d<>+=*%\/&|!()-]|\b[wse]\b|\bSIG[A-Z][A-Z0-9]*\b)+$/) {
+           print STDERR "$prog:$test{':long-name'}: bad expected-exit expression: $val\n";
+           return undef;
+       }
+    } else {
+       $test{'expected-exit'} = 0;
+    }
+    if (defined $test{'expected-stdout'}
+       && defined $test{'expected-stdout-pattern'})
+    {
+       print STDERR "$prog:$test{':long-name'}: can't use both expected-stdout and expected-stdout-pattern\n";
+       return undef;
+    }
+    if (defined $test{'expected-stderr'}
+       && defined $test{'expected-stderr-pattern'})
+    {
+       print STDERR "$prog:$test{':long-name'}: can't use both expected-stderr and expected-stderr-pattern\n";
+       return undef;
+    }
+    if (defined $test{'time-limit'}) {
+       if ($test{'time-limit'} !~ /^\d+$/ || $test{'time-limit'} == 0) {
+           print STDERR
+             "$prog:$test{':long-name'}: bad value for time-limit field\n";
+           return undef;
+       }
+    } elsif (defined $default_time_limit) {
+       $test{'time-limit'} = $default_time_limit;
+    }
+
+    if (defined $known_tests{$test{'name'}}) {
+       print STDERR "$prog:$test{':long-name'}: warning: duplicate test name ${test{'name'}}\n";
+    }
+    $known_tests{$test{'name'}} = 1;
+
+    return 1;
+}
+
+sub
+tty_msg
+{
+    local($msg) = @_;
+
+    open(TTY, "> /dev/tty") || return 0;
+    print TTY $msg;
+    close(TTY);
+    return 1;
+}
+
+sub
+never_called_funcs
+{
+       return 0;
+       &tty_msg("hi\n");
+       &never_called_funcs();
+       &catch_sigalrm();
+       $old_env{'foo'} = 'bar';
+       $internal_test_fields{'foo'} = 'bar';
+}
+
+sub
+check_file_result
+{
+    local(*test) = @_;
+
+    return '' if (!defined $test{'file-result'});
+
+    local($why) = '';
+    local($i);
+    local($type, $perm, $uid, $gid, $rest, $c, $len, $name);
+    local(@stbuf);
+
+    for ($i = 0; $i < $test{'file-result'}; $i++) {
+       $val = $test{"file-result:$i"};
+
+       # format is: type perm "name"
+       ($type, $perm, $uid, $gid, $matchType, $rest) =
+           split(' ', $val, 6);
+       $c = substr($rest, 0, 1);
+       $len = index($rest, $c, 1) - 1;
+       $name = substr($rest, 1, $len);
+       $rest = substr($rest, 2 + $len);
+       $perm = oct($perm) if $perm =~ /^\d+$/;
+
+       @stbuf = lstat($name);
+       if (!@stbuf) {
+           $why .= "\texpected $type \"$name\" not created\n";
+           next;
+       }
+       if ($perm ne '*' && ($stbuf[2] & 07777) != $perm) {
+           $why .= "\t$type \"$name\" has unexpected permissions\n";
+           $why .= sprintf("\t\texpected 0%o, found 0%o\n",
+                   $perm, $stbuf[2] & 07777);
+       }
+       if ($uid ne '*' && $stbuf[4] != $uid) {
+           $why .= "\t$type \"$name\" has unexpected user-id\n";
+           $why .= sprintf("\t\texpected %d, found %d\n",
+                   $uid, $stbuf[4]);
+       }
+       if ($gid ne '*' && $stbuf[5] != $gid) {
+           $why .= "\t$type \"$name\" has unexpected group-id\n";
+           $why .= sprintf("\t\texpected %d, found %d\n",
+                   $gid, $stbuf[5]);
+       }
+
+       if ($type eq 'file') {
+           if (-l _ || ! -f _) {
+               $why .= "\t$type \"$name\" is not a regular file\n";
+           } else {
+               local $tmp = &check_output($test{'long-name'}, $name,
+                           "$type contents in \"$name\"",
+                           $matchType eq 'exact' ? $rest : undef
+                           $matchType eq 'pattern' ? $rest : undef);
+               return undef if (!defined $tmp);
+               $why .= $tmp;
+           }
+       } elsif ($type eq 'dir') {
+           if ($rest !~ /^\s*$/) {
+               print STDERR "$prog:$test{':long-name'}: file-result test for directory $name should not have content specified\n";
+               return undef;
+           }
+           if (-l _ || ! -d _) {
+               $why .= "\t$type \"$name\" is not a directory\n";
+           }
+       } elsif ($type eq 'symlink') {
+           if (!-l _) {
+               $why .= "\t$type \"$name\" is not a symlink\n";
+           } else {
+               local $content = readlink($name);
+               if (!defined $content) {
+                   print STDERR "$prog:$test{':long-name'}: file-result test for $type $name failed - could not readlink - $!\n";
+                   return undef;
+               }
+               local $tmp = &compare_output($test{'long-name'},
+                           "$type contents in \"$name\"",
+                           $matchType eq 'exact' ? $rest : undef
+                           $matchType eq 'pattern' ? $rest : undef);
+               return undef if (!defined $tmp);
+               $why .= $tmp;
+           }
+       }
+    }
+
+    return $why;
+}
+
+sub
+HELP_MESSAGE
+{
+    print STDERR $Usage;
+    exit 0;
+}
diff --git a/source/sh/check.t b/source/sh/check.t
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..c82338b
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,12429 @@
+# $MirOS: src/bin/mksh/check.t,v 1.728 2016/03/05 15:39:36 tg Exp $
+# -*- mode: sh -*-
+#-
+# Copyright © 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010,
+#            2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016
+#      mirabilos <m@mirbsd.org>
+#
+# Provided that these terms and disclaimer and all copyright notices
+# are retained or reproduced in an accompanying document, permission
+# is granted to deal in this work without restriction, including un‐
+# limited rights to use, publicly perform, distribute, sell, modify,
+# merge, give away, or sublicence.
+#
+# This work is provided “AS IS” and WITHOUT WARRANTY of any kind, to
+# the utmost extent permitted by applicable law, neither express nor
+# implied; without malicious intent or gross negligence. In no event
+# may a licensor, author or contributor be held liable for indirect,
+# direct, other damage, loss, or other issues arising in any way out
+# of dealing in the work, even if advised of the possibility of such
+# damage or existence of a defect, except proven that it results out
+# of said person’s immediate fault when using the work as intended.
+#-
+# You may also want to test IFS with the script at
+# http://www.research.att.com/~gsf/public/ifs.sh
+#
+# More testsuites at:
+# http://svnweb.freebsd.org/base/head/bin/test/tests/legacy_test.sh?view=co&content-type=text%2Fplain
+#
+# Integrated testsuites from:
+# (2013/12/02 20:39:44) http://openbsd.cs.toronto.edu/cgi-bin/cvsweb/src/regress/bin/ksh/?sortby=date
+
+expected-stdout:
+       @(#)MIRBSD KSH R52 2016/03/04
+description:
+       Check version of shell.
+stdin:
+       echo $KSH_VERSION
+name: KSH_VERSION
+category: shell:legacy-no
+---
+expected-stdout:
+       @(#)LEGACY KSH R52 2016/03/04
+description:
+       Check version of legacy shell.
+stdin:
+       echo $KSH_VERSION
+name: KSH_VERSION-legacy
+category: shell:legacy-yes
+---
+name: selftest-1
+description:
+       Regression test self-testing
+stdin:
+       echo ${foo:-baz}
+expected-stdout:
+       baz
+---
+name: selftest-2
+description:
+       Regression test self-testing
+env-setup: !foo=bar!
+stdin:
+       echo ${foo:-baz}
+expected-stdout:
+       bar
+---
+name: selftest-3
+description:
+       Regression test self-testing
+env-setup: !ENV=fnord!
+stdin:
+       echo "<$ENV>"
+expected-stdout:
+       <fnord>
+---
+name: selftest-exec
+description:
+       Ensure that the test run directory (default /tmp but can be changed
+       with check.pl flag -T or test.sh $TMPDIR) is not mounted noexec, as
+       we execute scripts from the scratch directory during several tests.
+stdin:
+       print '#!'"$__progname"'\necho tf' >lq
+       chmod +x lq
+       ./lq
+expected-stdout:
+       tf
+---
+name: selftest-env
+description:
+       Just output the environment variables set (always fails)
+category: disabled
+stdin:
+       set
+---
+name: selftest-legacy
+description:
+       Check some things in the LEGACY KSH
+category: shell:legacy-yes
+stdin:
+       set +o emacs
+       set +o vi
+       [[ "$(set +o) -o" = *"-o emacs -o"* ]] && echo 1=emacs
+       [[ "$(set +o) -o" = *"-o vi -o"* ]] && echo 1=vi
+       set -o emacs
+       set -o vi
+       [[ "$(set +o) -o" = *"-o emacs -o"* ]] && echo 2=emacs
+       [[ "$(set +o) -o" = *"-o vi -o"* ]] && echo 2=vi
+expected-stdout:
+       2=emacs
+       2=vi
+---
+name: selftest-direct-builtin-call
+description:
+       Check that direct builtin calls work
+stdin:
+       ln -s "$__progname" cat || cp "$__progname" cat
+       ln -s "$__progname" echo || cp "$__progname" echo
+       ./echo -c 'echo  foo' | ./cat -u
+expected-stdout:
+       -c echo  foo
+---
+name: alias-1
+description:
+       Check that recursion is detected/avoided in aliases.
+stdin:
+       alias fooBar=fooBar
+       fooBar
+       exit 0
+expected-stderr-pattern:
+       /fooBar.*not found.*/
+---
+name: alias-2
+description:
+       Check that recursion is detected/avoided in aliases.
+stdin:
+       alias fooBar=barFoo
+       alias barFoo=fooBar
+       fooBar
+       barFoo
+       exit 0
+expected-stderr-pattern:
+       /fooBar.*not found.*\n.*barFoo.*not found/
+---
+name: alias-3
+description:
+       Check that recursion is detected/avoided in aliases.
+stdin:
+       alias Echo='echo '
+       alias fooBar=barFoo
+       alias barFoo=fooBar
+       Echo fooBar
+       unalias barFoo
+       Echo fooBar
+expected-stdout:
+       fooBar
+       barFoo
+---
+name: alias-4
+description:
+       Check that alias expansion isn't done on keywords (in keyword
+       postitions).
+stdin:
+       alias Echo='echo '
+       alias while=While
+       while false; do echo hi ; done
+       Echo while
+expected-stdout:
+       While
+---
+name: alias-5
+description:
+       Check that alias expansion done after alias with trailing space.
+stdin:
+       alias Echo='echo '
+       alias foo='bar stuff '
+       alias bar='Bar1 Bar2 '
+       alias stuff='Stuff'
+       alias blah='Blah'
+       Echo foo blah
+expected-stdout:
+       Bar1 Bar2 Stuff Blah
+---
+name: alias-6
+description:
+       Check that alias expansion done after alias with trailing space.
+stdin:
+       alias Echo='echo '
+       alias foo='bar bar'
+       alias bar='Bar '
+       alias blah=Blah
+       Echo foo blah
+expected-stdout:
+       Bar Bar Blah
+---
+name: alias-7
+description:
+       Check that alias expansion done after alias with trailing space
+       after a keyword.
+stdin:
+       alias X='case '
+       alias Y=Z
+       X Y in 'Y') echo is y ;; Z) echo is z ; esac
+expected-stdout:
+       is z
+---
+name: alias-8
+description:
+       Check that newlines in an alias don't cause the command to be lost.
+stdin:
+       alias foo='
+       
+       
+       echo hi
+       
+       
+       
+       echo there
+       
+       
+       '
+       foo
+expected-stdout:
+       hi
+       there
+---
+name: alias-9
+description:
+       Check that recursion is detected/avoided in aliases.
+       This check fails for slow machines or Cygwin, raise
+       the time-limit clause (e.g. to 7) if this occurs.
+time-limit: 3
+stdin:
+       print '#!'"$__progname"'\necho tf' >lq
+       chmod +x lq
+       PATH=$PWD$PATHSEP$PATH
+       alias lq=lq
+       lq
+       echo = now
+       i=`lq`
+       print -r -- $i
+       echo = out
+       exit 0
+expected-stdout:
+       tf
+       = now
+       tf
+       = out
+---
+name: alias-10
+description:
+       Check that recursion is detected/avoided in aliases.
+       Regression, introduced during an old bugfix.
+stdin:
+       alias foo='print hello '
+       alias bar='foo world'
+       echo $(bar)
+expected-stdout:
+       hello world
+---
+name: alias-11
+description:
+       Check that special argument handling still applies with escaped aliases
+stdin:
+       alias local='\typeset'
+       function foo {
+               local x=$1 y=z
+               print -r -- "$x,$y"
+       }
+       foo 'bar - baz'
+expected-stdout:
+       bar - baz,z
+---
+name: arith-compound
+description:
+       Check that arithmetic expressions are compound constructs
+stdin:
+       { ! (( 0$(cat >&2) )) <<<1; } <<<2
+expected-stderr:
+       1
+---
+name: arith-lazy-1
+description:
+       Check that only one side of ternary operator is evaluated
+stdin:
+       x=i+=2
+       y=j+=2
+       typeset -i i=1 j=1
+       echo $((1 ? 20 : (x+=2)))
+       echo $i,$x
+       echo $((0 ? (y+=2) : 30))
+       echo $j,$y
+expected-stdout:
+       20
+       1,i+=2
+       30
+       1,j+=2
+---
+name: arith-lazy-2
+description:
+       Check that assignments not done on non-evaluated side of ternary
+       operator
+stdin:
+       x=i+=2
+       y=j+=2
+       typeset -i i=1 j=1
+       echo $((1 ? 20 : (x+=2)))
+       echo $i,$x
+       echo $((0 ? (y+=2) : 30))
+       echo $i,$y
+expected-stdout:
+       20
+       1,i+=2
+       30
+       1,j+=2
+---
+name: arith-lazy-3
+description:
+       Check that assignments not done on non-evaluated side of ternary
+       operator and this construct is parsed correctly (Debian #445651)
+stdin:
+       x=4
+       y=$((0 ? x=1 : 2))
+       echo = $x $y =
+expected-stdout:
+       = 4 2 =
+---
+name: arith-lazy-4
+description:
+       Check that preun/postun not done on non-evaluated side of ternary
+       operator
+stdin:
+       (( m = n = 0, 1 ? n++ : m++ ? 2 : 3 ))
+       echo "($n, $m)"
+       m=0; echo $(( 0 ? ++m : 2 )); echo $m
+       m=0; echo $(( 0 ? m++ : 2 )); echo $m
+expected-stdout:
+       (1, 0)
+       2
+       0
+       2
+       0
+---
+name: arith-ternary-prec-1
+description:
+       Check precedence of ternary operator vs assignment
+stdin:
+       typeset -i x=2
+       y=$((1 ? 20 : x+=2))
+expected-exit: e != 0
+expected-stderr-pattern:
+       /.*:.*1 \? 20 : x\+=2.*lvalue.*\n$/
+---
+name: arith-ternary-prec-2
+description:
+       Check precedence of ternary operator vs assignment
+stdin:
+       typeset -i x=2
+       echo $((0 ? x+=2 : 20))
+expected-stdout:
+       20
+---
+name: arith-div-assoc-1
+description:
+       Check associativity of division operator
+stdin:
+       echo $((20 / 2 / 2))
+expected-stdout:
+       5
+---
+name: arith-div-byzero
+description:
+       Check division by zero errors out
+stdin:
+       x=$(echo $((1 / 0)))
+       echo =$?:$x.
+expected-stdout:
+       =1:.
+expected-stderr-pattern:
+       /.*divisor/
+---
+name: arith-div-intmin-by-minusone
+description:
+       Check division overflow wraps around silently
+category: int:32
+stdin:
+       echo signed:$((-2147483648 / -1))r$((-2147483648 % -1)).
+       echo unsigned:$((# -2147483648 / -1))r$((# -2147483648 % -1)).
+expected-stdout:
+       signed:-2147483648r0.
+       unsigned:0r2147483648.
+---
+name: arith-div-intmin-by-minusone-64
+description:
+       Check division overflow wraps around silently
+category: int:64
+stdin:
+       echo signed:$((-9223372036854775808 / -1))r$((-9223372036854775808 % -1)).
+       echo unsigned:$((# -9223372036854775808 / -1))r$((# -9223372036854775808 % -1)).
+expected-stdout:
+       signed:-9223372036854775808r0.
+       unsigned:0r9223372036854775808.
+---
+name: arith-assop-assoc-1
+description:
+       Check associativity of assignment-operator operator
+stdin:
+       typeset -i i=1 j=2 k=3
+       echo $((i += j += k))
+       echo $i,$j,$k
+expected-stdout:
+       6
+       6,5,3
+---
+name: arith-mandatory
+description:
+       Passing of this test is *mandatory* for a valid mksh executable!
+category: shell:legacy-no
+stdin:
+       typeset -i sari=0
+       typeset -Ui uari=0
+       typeset -i x=0
+       print -r -- $((x++)):$sari=$uari. #0
+       let --sari --uari
+       print -r -- $((x++)):$sari=$uari. #1
+       sari=2147483647 uari=2147483647
+       print -r -- $((x++)):$sari=$uari. #2
+       let ++sari ++uari
+       print -r -- $((x++)):$sari=$uari. #3
+       let --sari --uari
+       let 'sari *= 2' 'uari *= 2'
+       let ++sari ++uari
+       print -r -- $((x++)):$sari=$uari. #4
+       let ++sari ++uari
+       print -r -- $((x++)):$sari=$uari. #5
+       sari=-2147483648 uari=-2147483648
+       print -r -- $((x++)):$sari=$uari. #6
+       let --sari --uari
+       print -r -- $((x++)):$sari=$uari. #7
+       (( sari = -5 >> 1 ))
+       ((# uari = -5 >> 1 ))
+       print -r -- $((x++)):$sari=$uari. #8
+       (( sari = -2 ))
+       ((# uari = sari ))
+       print -r -- $((x++)):$sari=$uari. #9
+expected-stdout:
+       0:0=0.
+       1:-1=4294967295.
+       2:2147483647=2147483647.
+       3:-2147483648=2147483648.
+       4:-1=4294967295.
+       5:0=0.
+       6:-2147483648=2147483648.
+       7:2147483647=2147483647.
+       8:-3=2147483645.
+       9:-2=4294967294.
+---
+name: arith-unsigned-1
+description:
+       Check if unsigned arithmetics work
+category: int:32
+stdin:
+       # signed vs unsigned
+       echo x1 $((-1)) $((#-1))
+       # calculating
+       typeset -i vs
+       typeset -Ui vu
+       vs=4123456789; vu=4123456789
+       echo x2 $vs $vu
+       (( vs %= 2147483647 ))
+       (( vu %= 2147483647 ))
+       echo x3 $vs $vu
+       vs=4123456789; vu=4123456789
+       (( # vs %= 2147483647 ))
+       (( # vu %= 2147483647 ))
+       echo x4 $vs $vu
+       # make sure the calculation does not change unsigned flag
+       vs=4123456789; vu=4123456789
+       echo x5 $vs $vu
+       # short form
+       echo x6 $((# vs % 2147483647)) $((# vu % 2147483647))
+       # array refs
+       set -A va
+       va[1975973142]=right
+       va[4123456789]=wrong
+       echo x7 ${va[#4123456789%2147483647]}
+       # make sure multiple calculations don't interfere with each other
+       let '# mca = -4 % -2' ' mcb = -4 % -2'
+       echo x8 $mca $mcb
+expected-stdout:
+       x1 -1 4294967295
+       x2 -171510507 4123456789
+       x3 -171510507 4123456789
+       x4 1975973142 1975973142
+       x5 -171510507 4123456789
+       x6 1975973142 1975973142
+       x7 right
+       x8 -4 0
+---
+name: arith-limit32-1
+description:
+       Check if arithmetics are 32 bit
+category: int:32
+stdin:
+       # signed vs unsigned
+       echo x1 $((-1)) $((#-1))
+       # calculating
+       typeset -i vs
+       typeset -Ui vu
+       vs=2147483647; vu=2147483647
+       echo x2 $vs $vu
+       let vs++ vu++
+       echo x3 $vs $vu
+       vs=4294967295; vu=4294967295
+       echo x4 $vs $vu
+       let vs++ vu++
+       echo x5 $vs $vu
+       let vs++ vu++
+       echo x6 $vs $vu
+expected-stdout:
+       x1 -1 4294967295
+       x2 2147483647 2147483647
+       x3 -2147483648 2147483648
+       x4 -1 4294967295
+       x5 0 0
+       x6 1 1
+---
+name: arith-limit64-1
+description:
+       Check if arithmetics are 64 bit
+category: int:64
+stdin:
+       # signed vs unsigned
+       echo x1 $((-1)) $((#-1))
+       # calculating
+       typeset -i vs
+       typeset -Ui vu
+       vs=9223372036854775807; vu=9223372036854775807
+       echo x2 $vs $vu
+       let vs++ vu++
+       echo x3 $vs $vu
+       vs=18446744073709551615; vu=18446744073709551615
+       echo x4 $vs $vu
+       let vs++ vu++
+       echo x5 $vs $vu
+       let vs++ vu++
+       echo x6 $vs $vu
+expected-stdout:
+       x1 -1 18446744073709551615
+       x2 9223372036854775807 9223372036854775807
+       x3 -9223372036854775808 9223372036854775808
+       x4 -1 18446744073709551615
+       x5 0 0
+       x6 1 1
+---
+name: bksl-nl-ign-1
+description:
+       Check that \newline is not collapsed after #
+stdin:
+       echo hi #there \
+       echo folks
+expected-stdout:
+       hi
+       folks
+---
+name: bksl-nl-ign-2
+description:
+       Check that \newline is not collapsed inside single quotes
+stdin:
+       echo 'hi \
+       there'
+       echo folks
+expected-stdout:
+       hi \
+       there
+       folks
+---
+name: bksl-nl-ign-3
+description:
+       Check that \newline is not collapsed inside single quotes
+stdin:
+       cat << \EOF
+       hi \
+       there
+       EOF
+expected-stdout:
+       hi \
+       there
+---
+name: bksl-nl-ign-4
+description:
+       Check interaction of aliases, single quotes and here-documents
+       with backslash-newline
+       (don't know what POSIX has to say about this)
+stdin:
+       a=2
+       alias x='echo hi
+       cat << "EOF"
+       foo\
+       bar
+       some'
+       x
+       more\
+       stuff$a
+       EOF
+expected-stdout:
+       hi
+       foo\
+       bar
+       some
+       more\
+       stuff$a
+---
+name: bksl-nl-ign-5
+description:
+       Check what happens with backslash at end of input
+       (the old Bourne shell trashes them; so do we)
+stdin: !
+       echo `echo foo\\`bar
+       echo hi\
+expected-stdout:
+       foobar
+       hi
+---
+#
+# Places \newline should be collapsed
+#
+name: bksl-nl-1
+description:
+       Check that \newline is collapsed before, in the middle of, and
+       after words
+stdin:
+                       \
+                        echo hi\
+       There, \
+       folks
+expected-stdout:
+       hiThere, folks
+---
+name: bksl-nl-2
+description:
+       Check that \newline is collapsed in $ sequences
+       (ksh93 fails this)
+stdin:
+       a=12
+       ab=19
+       echo $\
+       a
+       echo $a\
+       b
+       echo $\
+       {a}
+       echo ${a\
+       b}
+       echo ${ab\
+       }
+expected-stdout:
+       12
+       19
+       12
+       19
+       19
+---
+name: bksl-nl-3
+description:
+       Check that \newline is collapsed in $(..) and `...` sequences
+       (ksh93 fails this)
+stdin:
+       echo $\
+       (echo foobar1)
+       echo $(\
+       echo foobar2)
+       echo $(echo foo\
+       bar3)
+       echo $(echo foobar4\
+       )
+       echo `
+       echo stuff1`
+       echo `echo st\
+       uff2`
+expected-stdout:
+       foobar1
+       foobar2
+       foobar3
+       foobar4
+       stuff1
+       stuff2
+---
+name: bksl-nl-4
+description:
+       Check that \newline is collapsed in $((..)) sequences
+       (ksh93 fails this)
+stdin:
+       echo $\
+       ((1+2))
+       echo $(\
+       (1+2+3))
+       echo $((\
+       1+2+3+4))
+       echo $((1+\
+       2+3+4+5))
+       echo $((1+2+3+4+5+6)\
+       )
+expected-stdout:
+       3
+       6
+       10
+       15
+       21
+---
+name: bksl-nl-5
+description:
+       Check that \newline is collapsed in double quoted strings
+stdin:
+       echo "\
+       hi"
+       echo "foo\
+       bar"
+       echo "folks\
+       "
+expected-stdout:
+       hi
+       foobar
+       folks
+---
+name: bksl-nl-6
+description:
+       Check that \newline is collapsed in here document delimiters
+       (ksh93 fails second part of this)
+stdin:
+       a=12
+       cat << EO\
+       F
+       a=$a
+       foo\
+       bar
+       EOF
+       cat << E_O_F
+       foo
+       E_O_\
+       F
+       echo done
+expected-stdout:
+       a=12
+       foobar
+       foo
+       done
+---
+name: bksl-nl-7
+description:
+       Check that \newline is collapsed in double-quoted here-document
+       delimiter.
+stdin:
+       a=12
+       cat << "EO\
+       F"
+       a=$a
+       foo\
+       bar
+       EOF
+       echo done
+expected-stdout:
+       a=$a
+       foo\
+       bar
+       done
+---
+name: bksl-nl-8
+description:
+       Check that \newline is collapsed in various 2+ character tokens
+       delimiter.
+       (ksh93 fails this)
+stdin:
+       echo hi &\
+       & echo there
+       echo foo |\
+       | echo bar
+       cat <\
+       < EOF
+       stuff
+       EOF
+       cat <\
+       <\
+       - EOF
+               more stuff
+       EOF
+       cat <<\
+       EOF
+       abcdef
+       EOF
+       echo hi >\
+       > /dev/null
+       echo $?
+       i=1
+       case $i in
+       (\
+       x|\
+       1\
+       ) echo hi;\
+       ;
+       (*) echo oops
+       esac
+expected-stdout:
+       hi
+       there
+       foo
+       stuff
+       more stuff
+       abcdef
+       0
+       hi
+---
+name: bksl-nl-9
+description:
+       Check that \ at the end of an alias is collapsed when followed
+       by a newline
+       (don't know what POSIX has to say about this)
+stdin:
+       alias x='echo hi\'
+       x
+       echo there
+expected-stdout:
+       hiecho there
+---
+name: bksl-nl-10
+description:
+       Check that \newline in a keyword is collapsed
+stdin:
+       i\
+       f true; then\
+        echo pass; el\
+       se echo fail; fi
+expected-stdout:
+       pass
+---
+#
+# Places \newline should be collapsed (ksh extensions)
+#
+name: bksl-nl-ksh-1
+description:
+       Check that \newline is collapsed in extended globbing
+       (ksh93 fails this)
+stdin:
+       xxx=foo
+       case $xxx in
+       (f*\
+       (\
+       o\
+       )\
+       ) echo ok ;;
+       *) echo bad
+       esac
+expected-stdout:
+       ok
+---
+name: bksl-nl-ksh-2
+description:
+       Check that \newline is collapsed in ((...)) expressions
+       (ksh93 fails this)
+stdin:
+       i=1
+       (\
+       (\
+       i=i+2\
+       )\
+       )
+       echo $i
+expected-stdout:
+       3
+---
+name: break-1
+description:
+       See if break breaks out of loops
+stdin:
+       for i in a b c; do echo $i; break; echo bad-$i; done
+       echo end-1
+       for i in a b c; do echo $i; break 1; echo bad-$i; done
+       echo end-2
+       for i in a b c; do
+           for j in x y z; do
+               echo $i:$j
+               break
+               echo bad-$i
+           done
+           echo end-$i
+       done
+       echo end-3
+expected-stdout:
+       a
+       end-1
+       a
+       end-2
+       a:x
+       end-a
+       b:x
+       end-b
+       c:x
+       end-c
+       end-3
+---
+name: break-2
+description:
+       See if break breaks out of nested loops
+stdin:
+       for i in a b c; do
+           for j in x y z; do
+               echo $i:$j
+               break 2
+               echo bad-$i
+           done
+           echo end-$i
+       done
+       echo end
+expected-stdout:
+       a:x
+       end
+---
+name: break-3
+description:
+       What if break used outside of any loops
+       (ksh88,ksh93 don't print error messages here)
+stdin:
+       break
+expected-stderr-pattern:
+       /.*break.*/
+---
+name: break-4
+description:
+       What if break N used when only N-1 loops
+       (ksh88,ksh93 don't print error messages here)
+stdin:
+       for i in a b c; do echo $i; break 2; echo bad-$i; done
+       echo end
+expected-stdout:
+       a
+       end
+expected-stderr-pattern:
+       /.*break.*/
+---
+name: break-5
+description:
+       Error if break argument isn't a number
+stdin:
+       for i in a b c; do echo $i; break abc; echo more-$i; done
+       echo end
+expected-stdout:
+       a
+expected-exit: e != 0
+expected-stderr-pattern:
+       /.*break.*/
+---
+name: continue-1
+description:
+       See if continue continues loops
+stdin:
+       for i in a b c; do echo $i; continue; echo bad-$i ; done
+       echo end-1
+       for i in a b c; do echo $i; continue 1; echo bad-$i; done
+       echo end-2
+       for i in a b c; do
+           for j in x y z; do
+               echo $i:$j
+               continue
+               echo bad-$i-$j
+           done
+           echo end-$i
+       done
+       echo end-3
+expected-stdout:
+       a
+       b
+       c
+       end-1
+       a
+       b
+       c
+       end-2
+       a:x
+       a:y
+       a:z
+       end-a
+       b:x
+       b:y
+       b:z
+       end-b
+       c:x
+       c:y
+       c:z
+       end-c
+       end-3
+---
+name: continue-2
+description:
+       See if continue breaks out of nested loops
+stdin:
+       for i in a b c; do
+           for j in x y z; do
+               echo $i:$j
+               continue 2
+               echo bad-$i-$j
+           done
+           echo end-$i
+       done
+       echo end
+expected-stdout:
+       a:x
+       b:x
+       c:x
+       end
+---
+name: continue-3
+description:
+       What if continue used outside of any loops
+       (ksh88,ksh93 don't print error messages here)
+stdin:
+       continue
+expected-stderr-pattern:
+       /.*continue.*/
+---
+name: continue-4
+description:
+       What if continue N used when only N-1 loops
+       (ksh88,ksh93 don't print error messages here)
+stdin:
+       for i in a b c; do echo $i; continue 2; echo bad-$i; done
+       echo end
+expected-stdout:
+       a
+       b
+       c
+       end
+expected-stderr-pattern:
+       /.*continue.*/
+---
+name: continue-5
+description:
+       Error if continue argument isn't a number
+stdin:
+       for i in a b c; do echo $i; continue abc; echo more-$i; done
+       echo end
+expected-stdout:
+       a
+expected-exit: e != 0
+expected-stderr-pattern:
+       /.*continue.*/
+---
+name: cd-history
+description:
+       Test someone's CD history package (uses arrays)
+stdin:
+       # go to known place before doing anything
+       cd /
+       
+       alias cd=_cd
+       function _cd
+       {
+               typeset -i cdlen i
+               typeset t
+       
+               if [ $# -eq 0 ]
+               then
+                       set -- $HOME
+               fi
+       
+               if [ "$CDHISTFILE" -a -r "$CDHISTFILE" ] # if directory history exists
+               then
+                       typeset CDHIST
+                       i=-1
+                       while read -r t                 # read directory history file
+                       do
+                               CDHIST[i=i+1]=$t
+                       done <$CDHISTFILE
+               fi
+       
+               if [ "${CDHIST[0]}" != "$PWD" -a "$PWD" != "" ]
+               then
+                       _cdins                          # insert $PWD into cd history
+               fi
+       
+               cdlen=${#CDHIST[*]}                     # number of elements in history
+       
+               case "$@" in
+               -)                                      # cd to new dir
+                       if [ "$OLDPWD" = "" ] && ((cdlen>1))
+                       then
+                               'print' ${CDHIST[1]}
+                               'cd' ${CDHIST[1]}
+                               _pwd
+                       else
+                               'cd' $@
+                               _pwd
+                       fi
+                       ;;
+               -l)                                     # print directory list
+                       typeset -R3 num
+                       ((i=cdlen))
+                       while (((i=i-1)>=0))
+                       do
+                               num=$i
+                               'print' "$num ${CDHIST[i]}"
+                       done
+                       return
+                       ;;
+               -[0-9]|-[0-9][0-9])                     # cd to dir in list
+                       if (((i=${1#-})<cdlen))
+                       then
+                               'print' ${CDHIST[i]}
+                               'cd' ${CDHIST[i]}
+                               _pwd
+                       else
+                               'cd' $@
+                               _pwd
+                       fi
+                       ;;
+               -*)                                     # cd to matched dir in list
+                       t=${1#-}
+                       i=1
+                       while ((i<cdlen))
+                       do
+                               case ${CDHIST[i]} in
+                               *$t*)
+                                       'print' ${CDHIST[i]}
+                                       'cd' ${CDHIST[i]}
+                                       _pwd
+                                       break
+                                       ;;
+                               esac
+                               ((i=i+1))
+                       done
+                       if ((i>=cdlen))
+                       then
+                               'cd' $@
+                               _pwd
+                       fi
+                       ;;
+               *)                                      # cd to new dir
+                       'cd' $@
+                       _pwd
+                       ;;
+               esac
+       
+               _cdins                                  # insert $PWD into cd history
+       
+               if [ "$CDHISTFILE" ]
+               then
+                       cdlen=${#CDHIST[*]}             # number of elements in history
+       
+                       i=0
+                       while ((i<cdlen))
+                       do
+                               'print' -r ${CDHIST[i]} # update directory history
+                               ((i=i+1))
+                       done >$CDHISTFILE
+               fi
+       }
+       
+       function _cdins                                 # insert $PWD into cd history
+       {                                               # meant to be called only by _cd
+               typeset -i i
+       
+               ((i=0))
+               while ((i<${#CDHIST[*]}))               # see if dir is already in list
+               do
+                       if [ "${CDHIST[$i]}" = "$PWD" ]
+                       then
+                               break
+                       fi
+                       ((i=i+1))
+               done
+       
+               if ((i>22))                             # limit max size of list
+               then
+                       i=22
+               fi
+       
+               while (((i=i-1)>=0))                    # bump old dirs in list
+               do
+                       CDHIST[i+1]=${CDHIST[i]}
+               done
+       
+               CDHIST[0]=$PWD                          # insert new directory in list
+       }
+       
+       
+       function _pwd
+       {
+               if [ -n "$ECD" ]
+               then
+                       pwd 1>&6
+               fi
+       }
+       # Start of test
+       cd /tmp
+       cd /bin
+       cd /etc
+       cd -
+       cd -2
+       cd -l
+expected-stdout:
+       /bin
+       /tmp
+         3 /
+         2 /etc
+         1 /bin
+         0 /tmp
+---
+name: cd-pe
+description:
+       Check package for cd -Pe
+need-pass: no
+# the mv command fails on Cygwin
+# Hurd aborts the testsuite (permission denied)
+# QNX does not find subdir to cd into
+category: !os:cygwin,!os:gnu,!os:msys,!os:nto,!os:os390,!nosymlink
+file-setup: file 644 "x"
+       mkdir noread noread/target noread/target/subdir
+       ln -s noread link
+       chmod 311 noread
+       cd -P$1 .
+       echo 0=$?
+       bwd=$PWD
+       cd -P$1 link/target
+       echo 1=$?,${PWD#$bwd/}
+       epwd=$($TSHELL -c pwd 2>/dev/null)
+       # This unexpectedly succeeds on GNU/Linux and MidnightBSD
+       #echo pwd=$?,$epwd
+       # expect:       pwd=1,
+       mv ../../noread ../../renamed
+       cd -P$1 subdir
+       echo 2=$?,${PWD#$bwd/}
+       cd $bwd
+       chmod 755 renamed
+       rm -rf noread link renamed
+stdin:
+       export TSHELL="$__progname"
+       "$__progname" x
+       echo "now with -e:"
+       "$__progname" x e
+expected-stdout:
+       0=0
+       1=0,noread/target
+       2=0,noread/target/subdir
+       now with -e:
+       0=0
+       1=0,noread/target
+       2=1,noread/target/subdir
+---
+name: env-prompt
+description:
+       Check that prompt not printed when processing ENV
+env-setup: !ENV=./foo!
+file-setup: file 644 "foo"
+       XXX=_
+       PS1=X
+       false && echo hmmm
+need-ctty: yes
+arguments: !-i!
+stdin:
+       echo hi${XXX}there
+expected-stdout:
+       hi_there
+expected-stderr: !
+       XX
+---
+name: expand-ugly
+description:
+       Check that weird ${foo+bar} constructs are parsed correctly
+stdin:
+       print '#!'"$__progname"'\nfor x in "$@"; do print -r -- "$x"; done' >pfn
+       print '#!'"$__progname"'\nfor x in "$@"; do print -nr -- "<$x> "; done' >pfs
+       chmod +x pfn pfs
+       (echo 1 ${IFS+'}'z}) 2>/dev/null || echo failed in 1
+       (echo 2 "${IFS+'}'z}") 2>/dev/null || echo failed in 2
+       (echo 3 "foo ${IFS+'bar} baz") 2>/dev/null || echo failed in 3
+       (echo -n '4 '; ./pfn "foo ${IFS+"b   c"} baz") 2>/dev/null || echo failed in 4
+       (echo -n '5 '; ./pfn "foo ${IFS+b   c} baz") 2>/dev/null || echo failed in 5
+       (echo 6 ${IFS+"}"z}) 2>/dev/null || echo failed in 6
+       (echo 7 "${IFS+"}"z}") 2>/dev/null || echo failed in 7
+       (echo 8 "${IFS+\"}\"z}") 2>/dev/null || echo failed in 8
+       (echo 9 "${IFS+\"\}\"z}") 2>/dev/null || echo failed in 9
+       (echo 10 foo ${IFS+'bar} baz'}) 2>/dev/null || echo failed in 10
+       (echo 11 "$(echo "${IFS+'}'z}")") 2>/dev/null || echo failed in 11
+       (echo 12 "$(echo ${IFS+'}'z})") 2>/dev/null || echo failed in 12
+       (echo 13 ${IFS+\}z}) 2>/dev/null || echo failed in 13
+       (echo 14 "${IFS+\}z}") 2>/dev/null || echo failed in 14
+       u=x; (echo -n '15 '; ./pfs "foo ${IFS+a"b$u{ {"{{\}b} c ${IFS+d{}} bar" ${IFS-e{}} baz; echo .) 2>/dev/null || echo failed in 15
+       l=t; (echo 16 ${IFS+h`echo -n i ${IFS+$l}h`ere}) 2>/dev/null || echo failed in 16
+       l=t; (echo 17 ${IFS+h$(echo -n i ${IFS+$l}h)ere}) 2>/dev/null || echo failed in 17
+       l=t; (echo 18 "${IFS+h`echo -n i ${IFS+$l}h`ere}") 2>/dev/null || echo failed in 18
+       l=t; (echo 19 "${IFS+h$(echo -n i ${IFS+$l}h)ere}") 2>/dev/null || echo failed in 19
+       l=t; (echo 20 ${IFS+h`echo -n i "${IFS+$l}"h`ere}) 2>/dev/null || echo failed in 20
+       l=t; (echo 21 ${IFS+h$(echo -n i "${IFS+$l}"h)ere}) 2>/dev/null || echo failed in 21
+       l=t; (echo 22 "${IFS+h`echo -n i "${IFS+$l}"h`ere}") 2>/dev/null || echo failed in 22
+       l=t; (echo 23 "${IFS+h$(echo -n i "${IFS+$l}"h)ere}") 2>/dev/null || echo failed in 23
+       key=value; (echo -n '24 '; ./pfn "${IFS+'$key'}") 2>/dev/null || echo failed in 24
+       key=value; (echo -n '25 '; ./pfn "${IFS+"'$key'"}") 2>/dev/null || echo failed in 25    # ksh93: “'$key'”
+       key=value; (echo -n '26 '; ./pfn ${IFS+'$key'}) 2>/dev/null || echo failed in 26
+       key=value; (echo -n '27 '; ./pfn ${IFS+"'$key'"}) 2>/dev/null || echo failed in 27
+       (echo -n '28 '; ./pfn "${IFS+"'"x ~ x'}'x"'}"x}" #') 2>/dev/null || echo failed in 28
+       u=x; (echo -n '29 '; ./pfs foo ${IFS+a"b$u{ {"{ {\}b} c ${IFS+d{}} bar ${IFS-e{}} baz; echo .) 2>/dev/null || echo failed in 29
+       (echo -n '30 '; ./pfs ${IFS+foo 'b\
+       ar' baz}; echo .) 2>/dev/null || (echo failed in 30; echo failed in 31)
+       (echo -n '32 '; ./pfs ${IFS+foo "b\
+       ar" baz}; echo .) 2>/dev/null || echo failed in 32
+       (echo -n '33 '; ./pfs "${IFS+foo 'b\
+       ar' baz}"; echo .) 2>/dev/null || echo failed in 33
+       (echo -n '34 '; ./pfs "${IFS+foo "b\
+       ar" baz}"; echo .) 2>/dev/null || echo failed in 34
+       (echo -n '35 '; ./pfs ${v=a\ b} x ${v=c\ d}; echo .) 2>/dev/null || echo failed in 35
+       (echo -n '36 '; ./pfs "${v=a\ b}" x "${v=c\ d}"; echo .) 2>/dev/null || echo failed in 36
+       (echo -n '37 '; ./pfs ${v-a\ b} x ${v-c\ d}; echo .) 2>/dev/null || echo failed in 37
+       (echo 38 ${IFS+x'a'y} / "${IFS+x'a'y}" .) 2>/dev/null || echo failed in 38
+       foo="x'a'y"; (echo 39 ${foo%*'a'*} / "${foo%*'a'*}" .) 2>/dev/null || echo failed in 39
+       foo="a b c"; (echo -n '40 '; ./pfs "${foo#a}"; echo .) 2>/dev/null || echo failed in 40
+expected-stdout:
+       1 }z
+       2 ''z}
+       3 foo 'bar baz
+       4 foo b   c baz
+       5 foo b   c baz
+       6 }z
+       7 }z
+       8 ""z}
+       9 "}"z
+       10 foo bar} baz
+       11 ''z}
+       12 }z
+       13 }z
+       14 }z
+       15 <foo abx{ {{{}b c d{} bar> <}> <baz> .
+       16 hi there
+       17 hi there
+       18 hi there
+       19 hi there
+       20 hi there
+       21 hi there
+       22 hi there
+       23 hi there
+       24 'value'
+       25 'value'
+       26 $key
+       27 'value'
+       28 'x ~ x''x}"x}" #
+       29 <foo> <abx{ {{> <{}b> <c> <d{}> <bar> <}> <baz> .
+       30 <foo> <b\
+       ar> <baz> .
+       32 <foo> <bar> <baz> .
+       33 <foo 'bar' baz> .
+       34 <foo bar baz> .
+       35 <a> <b> <x> <a> <b> .
+       36 <a\ b> <x> <a\ b> .
+       37 <a b> <x> <c d> .
+       38 xay / x'a'y .
+       39 x' / x' .
+       40 < b c> .
+---
+name: expand-unglob-dblq
+description:
+       Check that regular "${foo+bar}" constructs are parsed correctly
+stdin:
+       u=x
+       tl_norm() {
+               v=$2
+               test x"$v" = x"-" && unset v
+               (echo "$1 plus norm foo ${v+'bar'} baz")
+               (echo "$1 dash norm foo ${v-'bar'} baz")
+               (echo "$1 eqal norm foo ${v='bar'} baz")
+               (echo "$1 qstn norm foo ${v?'bar'} baz") 2>/dev/null || \
+                   echo "$1 qstn norm -> error"
+               (echo "$1 PLUS norm foo ${v:+'bar'} baz")
+               (echo "$1 DASH norm foo ${v:-'bar'} baz")
+               (echo "$1 EQAL norm foo ${v:='bar'} baz")
+               (echo "$1 QSTN norm foo ${v:?'bar'} baz") 2>/dev/null || \
+                   echo "$1 QSTN norm -> error"
+       }
+       tl_paren() {
+               v=$2
+               test x"$v" = x"-" && unset v
+               (echo "$1 plus parn foo ${v+(bar)} baz")
+               (echo "$1 dash parn foo ${v-(bar)} baz")
+               (echo "$1 eqal parn foo ${v=(bar)} baz")
+               (echo "$1 qstn parn foo ${v?(bar)} baz") 2>/dev/null || \
+                   echo "$1 qstn parn -> error"
+               (echo "$1 PLUS parn foo ${v:+(bar)} baz")
+               (echo "$1 DASH parn foo ${v:-(bar)} baz")
+               (echo "$1 EQAL parn foo ${v:=(bar)} baz")
+               (echo "$1 QSTN parn foo ${v:?(bar)} baz") 2>/dev/null || \
+                   echo "$1 QSTN parn -> error"
+       }
+       tl_brace() {
+               v=$2
+               test x"$v" = x"-" && unset v
+               (echo "$1 plus brac foo ${v+a$u{{{\}b} c ${v+d{}} baz")
+               (echo "$1 dash brac foo ${v-a$u{{{\}b} c ${v-d{}} baz")
+               (echo "$1 eqal brac foo ${v=a$u{{{\}b} c ${v=d{}} baz")
+               (echo "$1 qstn brac foo ${v?a$u{{{\}b} c ${v?d{}} baz") 2>/dev/null || \
+                   echo "$1 qstn brac -> error"
+               (echo "$1 PLUS brac foo ${v:+a$u{{{\}b} c ${v:+d{}} baz")
+               (echo "$1 DASH brac foo ${v:-a$u{{{\}b} c ${v:-d{}} baz")
+               (echo "$1 EQAL brac foo ${v:=a$u{{{\}b} c ${v:=d{}} baz")
+               (echo "$1 QSTN brac foo ${v:?a$u{{{\}b} c ${v:?d{}} baz") 2>/dev/null || \
+                   echo "$1 QSTN brac -> error"
+       }
+       tl_norm 1 -
+       tl_norm 2 ''
+       tl_norm 3 x
+       tl_paren 4 -
+       tl_paren 5 ''
+       tl_paren 6 x
+       tl_brace 7 -
+       tl_brace 8 ''
+       tl_brace 9 x
+expected-stdout:
+       1 plus norm foo  baz
+       1 dash norm foo 'bar' baz
+       1 eqal norm foo 'bar' baz
+       1 qstn norm -> error
+       1 PLUS norm foo  baz
+       1 DASH norm foo 'bar' baz
+       1 EQAL norm foo 'bar' baz
+       1 QSTN norm -> error
+       2 plus norm foo 'bar' baz
+       2 dash norm foo  baz
+       2 eqal norm foo  baz
+       2 qstn norm foo  baz
+       2 PLUS norm foo  baz
+       2 DASH norm foo 'bar' baz
+       2 EQAL norm foo 'bar' baz
+       2 QSTN norm -> error
+       3 plus norm foo 'bar' baz
+       3 dash norm foo x baz
+       3 eqal norm foo x baz
+       3 qstn norm foo x baz
+       3 PLUS norm foo 'bar' baz
+       3 DASH norm foo x baz
+       3 EQAL norm foo x baz
+       3 QSTN norm foo x baz
+       4 plus parn foo  baz
+       4 dash parn foo (bar) baz
+       4 eqal parn foo (bar) baz
+       4 qstn parn -> error
+       4 PLUS parn foo  baz
+       4 DASH parn foo (bar) baz
+       4 EQAL parn foo (bar) baz
+       4 QSTN parn -> error
+       5 plus parn foo (bar) baz
+       5 dash parn foo  baz
+       5 eqal parn foo  baz
+       5 qstn parn foo  baz
+       5 PLUS parn foo  baz
+       5 DASH parn foo (bar) baz
+       5 EQAL parn foo (bar) baz
+       5 QSTN parn -> error
+       6 plus parn foo (bar) baz
+       6 dash parn foo x baz
+       6 eqal parn foo x baz
+       6 qstn parn foo x baz
+       6 PLUS parn foo (bar) baz
+       6 DASH parn foo x baz
+       6 EQAL parn foo x baz
+       6 QSTN parn foo x baz
+       7 plus brac foo  c } baz
+       7 dash brac foo ax{{{}b c d{} baz
+       7 eqal brac foo ax{{{}b c ax{{{}b} baz
+       7 qstn brac -> error
+       7 PLUS brac foo  c } baz
+       7 DASH brac foo ax{{{}b c d{} baz
+       7 EQAL brac foo ax{{{}b c ax{{{}b} baz
+       7 QSTN brac -> error
+       8 plus brac foo ax{{{}b c d{} baz
+       8 dash brac foo  c } baz
+       8 eqal brac foo  c } baz
+       8 qstn brac foo  c } baz
+       8 PLUS brac foo  c } baz
+       8 DASH brac foo ax{{{}b c d{} baz
+       8 EQAL brac foo ax{{{}b c ax{{{}b} baz
+       8 QSTN brac -> error
+       9 plus brac foo ax{{{}b c d{} baz
+       9 dash brac foo x c x} baz
+       9 eqal brac foo x c x} baz
+       9 qstn brac foo x c x} baz
+       9 PLUS brac foo ax{{{}b c d{} baz
+       9 DASH brac foo x c x} baz
+       9 EQAL brac foo x c x} baz
+       9 QSTN brac foo x c x} baz
+---
+name: expand-unglob-unq
+description:
+       Check that regular ${foo+bar} constructs are parsed correctly
+stdin:
+       u=x
+       tl_norm() {
+               v=$2
+               test x"$v" = x"-" && unset v
+               (echo $1 plus norm foo ${v+'bar'} baz)
+               (echo $1 dash norm foo ${v-'bar'} baz)
+               (echo $1 eqal norm foo ${v='bar'} baz)
+               (echo $1 qstn norm foo ${v?'bar'} baz) 2>/dev/null || \
+                   echo "$1 qstn norm -> error"
+               (echo $1 PLUS norm foo ${v:+'bar'} baz)
+               (echo $1 DASH norm foo ${v:-'bar'} baz)
+               (echo $1 EQAL norm foo ${v:='bar'} baz)
+               (echo $1 QSTN norm foo ${v:?'bar'} baz) 2>/dev/null || \
+                   echo "$1 QSTN norm -> error"
+       }
+       tl_paren() {
+               v=$2
+               test x"$v" = x"-" && unset v
+               (echo $1 plus parn foo ${v+\(bar')'} baz)
+               (echo $1 dash parn foo ${v-\(bar')'} baz)
+               (echo $1 eqal parn foo ${v=\(bar')'} baz)
+               (echo $1 qstn parn foo ${v?\(bar')'} baz) 2>/dev/null || \
+                   echo "$1 qstn parn -> error"
+               (echo $1 PLUS parn foo ${v:+\(bar')'} baz)
+               (echo $1 DASH parn foo ${v:-\(bar')'} baz)
+               (echo $1 EQAL parn foo ${v:=\(bar')'} baz)
+               (echo $1 QSTN parn foo ${v:?\(bar')'} baz) 2>/dev/null || \
+                   echo "$1 QSTN parn -> error"
+       }
+       tl_brace() {
+               v=$2
+               test x"$v" = x"-" && unset v
+               (echo $1 plus brac foo ${v+a$u{{{\}b} c ${v+d{}} baz)
+               (echo $1 dash brac foo ${v-a$u{{{\}b} c ${v-d{}} baz)
+               (echo $1 eqal brac foo ${v=a$u{{{\}b} c ${v=d{}} baz)
+               (echo $1 qstn brac foo ${v?a$u{{{\}b} c ${v?d{}} baz) 2>/dev/null || \
+                   echo "$1 qstn brac -> error"
+               (echo $1 PLUS brac foo ${v:+a$u{{{\}b} c ${v:+d{}} baz)
+               (echo $1 DASH brac foo ${v:-a$u{{{\}b} c ${v:-d{}} baz)
+               (echo $1 EQAL brac foo ${v:=a$u{{{\}b} c ${v:=d{}} baz)
+               (echo $1 QSTN brac foo ${v:?a$u{{{\}b} c ${v:?d{}} baz) 2>/dev/null || \
+                   echo "$1 QSTN brac -> error"
+       }
+       tl_norm 1 -
+       tl_norm 2 ''
+       tl_norm 3 x
+       tl_paren 4 -
+       tl_paren 5 ''
+       tl_paren 6 x
+       tl_brace 7 -
+       tl_brace 8 ''
+       tl_brace 9 x
+expected-stdout:
+       1 plus norm foo baz
+       1 dash norm foo bar baz
+       1 eqal norm foo bar baz
+       1 qstn norm -> error
+       1 PLUS norm foo baz
+       1 DASH norm foo bar baz
+       1 EQAL norm foo bar baz
+       1 QSTN norm -> error
+       2 plus norm foo bar baz
+       2 dash norm foo baz
+       2 eqal norm foo baz
+       2 qstn norm foo baz
+       2 PLUS norm foo baz
+       2 DASH norm foo bar baz
+       2 EQAL norm foo bar baz
+       2 QSTN norm -> error
+       3 plus norm foo bar baz
+       3 dash norm foo x baz
+       3 eqal norm foo x baz
+       3 qstn norm foo x baz
+       3 PLUS norm foo bar baz
+       3 DASH norm foo x baz
+       3 EQAL norm foo x baz
+       3 QSTN norm foo x baz
+       4 plus parn foo baz
+       4 dash parn foo (bar) baz
+       4 eqal parn foo (bar) baz
+       4 qstn parn -> error
+       4 PLUS parn foo baz
+       4 DASH parn foo (bar) baz
+       4 EQAL parn foo (bar) baz
+       4 QSTN parn -> error
+       5 plus parn foo (bar) baz
+       5 dash parn foo baz
+       5 eqal parn foo baz
+       5 qstn parn foo baz
+       5 PLUS parn foo baz
+       5 DASH parn foo (bar) baz
+       5 EQAL parn foo (bar) baz
+       5 QSTN parn -> error
+       6 plus parn foo (bar) baz
+       6 dash parn foo x baz
+       6 eqal parn foo x baz
+       6 qstn parn foo x baz
+       6 PLUS parn foo (bar) baz
+       6 DASH parn foo x baz
+       6 EQAL parn foo x baz
+       6 QSTN parn foo x baz
+       7 plus brac foo c } baz
+       7 dash brac foo ax{{{}b c d{} baz
+       7 eqal brac foo ax{{{}b c ax{{{}b} baz
+       7 qstn brac -> error
+       7 PLUS brac foo c } baz
+       7 DASH brac foo ax{{{}b c d{} baz
+       7 EQAL brac foo ax{{{}b c ax{{{}b} baz
+       7 QSTN brac -> error
+       8 plus brac foo ax{{{}b c d{} baz
+       8 dash brac foo c } baz
+       8 eqal brac foo c } baz
+       8 qstn brac foo c } baz
+       8 PLUS brac foo c } baz
+       8 DASH brac foo ax{{{}b c d{} baz
+       8 EQAL brac foo ax{{{}b c ax{{{}b} baz
+       8 QSTN brac -> error
+       9 plus brac foo ax{{{}b c d{} baz
+       9 dash brac foo x c x} baz
+       9 eqal brac foo x c x} baz
+       9 qstn brac foo x c x} baz
+       9 PLUS brac foo ax{{{}b c d{} baz
+       9 DASH brac foo x c x} baz
+       9 EQAL brac foo x c x} baz
+       9 QSTN brac foo x c x} baz
+---
+name: expand-threecolons-dblq
+description:
+       Check for a particular thing that used to segfault
+stdin:
+       TEST=1234
+       echo "${TEST:1:2:3}"
+       echo $? but still living
+expected-stderr-pattern:
+       /bad substitution/
+expected-exit: 1
+---
+name: expand-threecolons-unq
+description:
+       Check for a particular thing that used to not error out
+stdin:
+       TEST=1234
+       echo ${TEST:1:2:3}
+       echo $? but still living
+expected-stderr-pattern:
+       /bad substitution/
+expected-exit: 1
+---
+name: expand-weird-1
+description:
+       Check corner case of trim expansion vs. $# vs. ${#var}
+stdin:
+       set 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
+       echo ${#}       # value of $#
+       echo ${##}      # length of $#
+       echo ${##1}     # $# trimmed 1
+       set 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
+       echo ${##1}
+expected-stdout:
+       11
+       2
+       1
+       2
+---
+name: expand-weird-2
+description:
+       Check corner case of ${var?} vs. ${#var}
+stdin:
+       (exit 0)
+       echo $? = ${#?} .
+       (exit 111)
+       echo $? = ${#?} .
+expected-stdout:
+       0 = 1 .
+       111 = 3 .
+---
+name: expand-weird-3
+description:
+       Check that trimming works with positional parameters (Debian #48453)
+stdin:
+       A=9999-02
+       B=9999
+       echo 1=${A#$B?}.
+       set -- $A $B
+       echo 2=${1#$2?}.
+expected-stdout:
+       1=02.
+       2=02.
+---
+name: expand-weird-4
+description:
+       Check that tilde expansion is enabled in ${x#~}
+       and cases that are modelled after it (${x/~/~})
+stdin:
+       HOME=/etc
+       a="~/x"
+       echo "<${a#~}> <${a#\~}> <${b:-~}> <${b:-\~}> <${c:=~}><$c> <${a/~}> <${a/x/~}> <${a/x/\~}>"
+expected-stdout:
+       <~/x> </x> <~> <\~> <~><~> <~/x> <~//etc> <~/~>
+---
+name: expand-number-1
+description:
+       Check that positional arguments do not overflow
+stdin:
+       echo "1 ${12345678901234567890} ."
+expected-stdout:
+       1  .
+---
+name: eglob-bad-1
+description:
+       Check that globbing isn't done when glob has syntax error
+file-setup: file 644 "abcx"
+file-setup: file 644 "abcz"
+file-setup: file 644 "bbc"
+stdin:
+       echo !([*)*
+       echo +(a|b[)*
+expected-stdout:
+       !([*)*
+       +(a|b[)*
+---
+name: eglob-bad-2
+description:
+       Check that globbing isn't done when glob has syntax error
+       (AT&T ksh fails this test)
+file-setup: file 644 "abcx"
+file-setup: file 644 "abcz"
+file-setup: file 644 "bbc"
+stdin:
+       echo [a*(]*)z
+expected-stdout:
+       [a*(]*)z
+---
+name: eglob-infinite-plus
+description:
+       Check that shell doesn't go into infinite loop expanding +(...)
+       expressions.
+file-setup: file 644 "abc"
+time-limit: 3
+stdin:
+       echo +()c
+       echo +()x
+       echo +(*)c
+       echo +(*)x
+expected-stdout:
+       +()c
+       +()x
+       abc
+       +(*)x
+---
+name: eglob-subst-1
+description:
+       Check that eglobbing isn't done on substitution results
+file-setup: file 644 "abc"
+stdin:
+       x='@(*)'
+       echo $x
+expected-stdout:
+       @(*)
+---
+name: eglob-nomatch-1
+description:
+       Check that the pattern doesn't match
+stdin:
+       echo 1: no-file+(a|b)stuff
+       echo 2: no-file+(a*(c)|b)stuff
+       echo 3: no-file+((((c)))|b)stuff
+expected-stdout:
+       1: no-file+(a|b)stuff
+       2: no-file+(a*(c)|b)stuff
+       3: no-file+((((c)))|b)stuff
+---
+name: eglob-match-1
+description:
+       Check that the pattern matches correctly
+file-setup: file 644 "abd"
+file-setup: file 644 "acd"
+file-setup: file 644 "abac"
+stdin:
+       echo 1: a+(b|c)d
+       echo 2: a!(@(b|B))d
+       echo 3: *(a(b|c))               # (...|...) can be used within X(..)
+       echo 4: a[b*(foo|bar)]d         # patterns not special inside [...]
+expected-stdout:
+       1: abd acd
+       2: acd
+       3: abac
+       4: abd
+---
+name: eglob-case-1
+description:
+       Simple negation tests
+stdin:
+       case foo in !(foo|bar)) echo yes;; *) echo no;; esac
+       case bar in !(foo|bar)) echo yes;; *) echo no;; esac
+expected-stdout:
+       no
+       no
+---
+name: eglob-case-2
+description:
+       Simple kleene tests
+stdin:
+       case foo in *(a|b[)) echo yes;; *) echo no;; esac
+       case foo in *(a|b[)|f*) echo yes;; *) echo no;; esac
+       case '*(a|b[)' in *(a|b[)) echo yes;; *) echo no;; esac
+expected-stdout:
+       no
+       yes
+       yes
+---
+name: eglob-trim-1
+description:
+       Eglobbing in trim expressions...
+       (AT&T ksh fails this - docs say # matches shortest string, ## matches
+       longest...)
+stdin:
+       x=abcdef
+       echo 1: ${x#a|abc}
+       echo 2: ${x##a|abc}
+       echo 3: ${x%def|f}
+       echo 4: ${x%%f|def}
+expected-stdout:
+       1: bcdef
+       2: def
+       3: abcde
+       4: abc
+---
+name: eglob-trim-2
+description:
+       Check eglobbing works in trims...
+stdin:
+       x=abcdef
+       echo 1: ${x#*(a|b)cd}
+       echo 2: "${x#*(a|b)cd}"
+       echo 3: ${x#"*(a|b)cd"}
+       echo 4: ${x#a(b|c)}
+expected-stdout:
+       1: ef
+       2: ef
+       3: abcdef
+       4: cdef
+---
+name: eglob-trim-3
+description:
+       Check eglobbing works in trims, for Korn Shell
+       Ensure eglobbing does not work for reduced-feature /bin/sh
+stdin:
+       set +o sh
+       x=foobar
+       y=foobaz
+       z=fooba\?
+       echo "<${x%bar|baz},${y%bar|baz},${z%\?}>"
+       echo "<${x%ba(r|z)},${y%ba(r|z)}>"
+       set -o sh
+       echo "<${x%bar|baz},${y%bar|baz},${z%\?}>"
+       z='foo(bar'
+       echo "<${z%(*}>"
+expected-stdout:
+       <foo,foo,fooba>
+       <foo,foo>
+       <foobar,foobaz,fooba>
+       <foo>
+---
+name: eglob-substrpl-1
+description:
+       Check eglobbing works in substs... and they work at all
+stdin:
+       [[ -n $BASH_VERSION ]] && shopt -s extglob
+       x=1222321_ab/cde_b/c_1221
+       y=xyz
+       echo 1: ${x/2} . ${x/}
+       echo 2: ${x//2}
+       echo 3: ${x/+(2)}
+       echo 4: ${x//+(2)}
+       echo 5: ${x/2/4}
+       echo 6: ${x//2/4}
+       echo 7: ${x/+(2)/4}
+       echo 8: ${x//+(2)/4}
+       echo 9: ${x/b/c/e/f}
+       echo 10: ${x/b\/c/e/f}
+       echo 11: ${x/b\/c/e\/f}
+       echo 12: ${x/b\/c/e\\/f}
+       echo 13: ${x/b\\/c/e\\/f}
+       echo 14: ${x//b/c/e/f}
+       echo 15: ${x//b\/c/e/f}
+       echo 16: ${x//b\/c/e\/f}
+       echo 17: ${x//b\/c/e\\/f}
+       echo 18: ${x//b\\/c/e\\/f}
+       echo 19: ${x/b\/*\/c/x}
+       echo 20: ${x/\//.}
+       echo 21: ${x//\//.}
+       echo 22: ${x///.}
+       echo 23: ${x/#1/9}
+       echo 24: ${x//#1/9}
+       echo 25: ${x/%1/9}
+       echo 26: ${x//%1/9}
+       echo 27: ${x//\%1/9}
+       echo 28: ${x//\\%1/9}
+       echo 29: ${x//\a/9}
+       echo 30: ${x//\\a/9}
+       echo 31: ${x/2/$y}
+expected-stdout:
+       1: 122321_ab/cde_b/c_1221 . 1222321_ab/cde_b/c_1221
+       2: 131_ab/cde_b/c_11
+       3: 1321_ab/cde_b/c_1221
+       4: 131_ab/cde_b/c_11
+       5: 1422321_ab/cde_b/c_1221
+       6: 1444341_ab/cde_b/c_1441
+       7: 14321_ab/cde_b/c_1221
+       8: 14341_ab/cde_b/c_141
+       9: 1222321_ac/e/f/cde_b/c_1221
+       10: 1222321_ae/fde_b/c_1221
+       11: 1222321_ae/fde_b/c_1221
+       12: 1222321_ae\/fde_b/c_1221
+       13: 1222321_ab/cde_b/c_1221
+       14: 1222321_ac/e/f/cde_c/e/f/c_1221
+       15: 1222321_ae/fde_e/f_1221
+       16: 1222321_ae/fde_e/f_1221
+       17: 1222321_ae\/fde_e\/f_1221
+       18: 1222321_ab/cde_b/c_1221
+       19: 1222321_ax_1221
+       20: 1222321_ab.cde_b/c_1221
+       21: 1222321_ab.cde_b.c_1221
+       22: 1222321_ab/cde_b/c_1221
+       23: 9222321_ab/cde_b/c_1221
+       24: 1222321_ab/cde_b/c_1221
+       25: 1222321_ab/cde_b/c_1229
+       26: 1222321_ab/cde_b/c_1221
+       27: 1222321_ab/cde_b/c_1221
+       28: 1222321_ab/cde_b/c_1221
+       29: 1222321_9b/cde_b/c_1221
+       30: 1222321_ab/cde_b/c_1221
+       31: 1xyz22321_ab/cde_b/c_1221
+---
+name: eglob-substrpl-2
+description:
+       Check anchored substring replacement works, corner cases
+stdin:
+       foo=123
+       echo 1: ${foo/#/x}
+       echo 2: ${foo/%/x}
+       echo 3: ${foo/#/}
+       echo 4: ${foo/#}
+       echo 5: ${foo/%/}
+       echo 6: ${foo/%}
+expected-stdout:
+       1: x123
+       2: 123x
+       3: 123
+       4: 123
+       5: 123
+       6: 123
+---
+name: eglob-substrpl-3a
+description:
+       Check substring replacement works with variables and slashes, too
+stdin:
+       HOME=/etc
+       pfx=/home/user
+       wd=/home/user/tmp
+       echo "${wd/#$pfx/~}"
+       echo "${wd/#\$pfx/~}"
+       echo "${wd/#"$pfx"/~}"
+       echo "${wd/#'$pfx'/~}"
+       echo "${wd/#"\$pfx"/~}"
+       echo "${wd/#'\$pfx'/~}"
+expected-stdout:
+       /etc/tmp
+       /home/user/tmp
+       /etc/tmp
+       /home/user/tmp
+       /home/user/tmp
+       /home/user/tmp
+---
+name: eglob-substrpl-3b
+description:
+       More of this, bash fails it (bash4 passes)
+stdin:
+       HOME=/etc
+       pfx=/home/user
+       wd=/home/user/tmp
+       echo "${wd/#$(echo /home/user)/~}"
+       echo "${wd/#"$(echo /home/user)"/~}"
+       echo "${wd/#'$(echo /home/user)'/~}"
+expected-stdout:
+       /etc/tmp
+       /etc/tmp
+       /home/user/tmp
+---
+name: eglob-substrpl-3c
+description:
+       Even more weird cases
+stdin:
+       HOME=/etc
+       pfx=/home/user
+       wd='$pfx/tmp'
+       echo 1: ${wd/#$pfx/~}
+       echo 2: ${wd/#\$pfx/~}
+       echo 3: ${wd/#"$pfx"/~}
+       echo 4: ${wd/#'$pfx'/~}
+       echo 5: ${wd/#"\$pfx"/~}
+       echo 6: ${wd/#'\$pfx'/~}
+       ts='a/ba/b$tp$tp_a/b$tp_*(a/b)_*($tp)'
+       tp=a/b
+       tr=c/d
+       [[ -n $BASH_VERSION ]] && shopt -s extglob
+       echo 7: ${ts/a\/b/$tr}
+       echo 8: ${ts/a\/b/\$tr}
+       echo 9: ${ts/$tp/$tr}
+       echo 10: ${ts/\$tp/$tr}
+       echo 11: ${ts/\\$tp/$tr}
+       echo 12: ${ts/$tp/c/d}
+       echo 13: ${ts/$tp/c\/d}
+       echo 14: ${ts/$tp/c\\/d}
+       echo 15: ${ts/+(a\/b)/$tr}
+       echo 16: ${ts/+(a\/b)/\$tr}
+       echo 17: ${ts/+($tp)/$tr}
+       echo 18: ${ts/+($tp)/c/d}
+       echo 19: ${ts/+($tp)/c\/d}
+       echo 20: ${ts//a\/b/$tr}
+       echo 21: ${ts//a\/b/\$tr}
+       echo 22: ${ts//$tp/$tr}
+       echo 23: ${ts//$tp/c/d}
+       echo 24: ${ts//$tp/c\/d}
+       echo 25: ${ts//+(a\/b)/$tr}
+       echo 26: ${ts//+(a\/b)/\$tr}
+       echo 27: ${ts//+($tp)/$tr}
+       echo 28: ${ts//+($tp)/c/d}
+       echo 29: ${ts//+($tp)/c\/d}
+       tp="+($tp)"
+       echo 30: ${ts/$tp/$tr}
+       echo 31: ${ts//$tp/$tr}
+expected-stdout:
+       1: $pfx/tmp
+       2: /etc/tmp
+       3: $pfx/tmp
+       4: /etc/tmp
+       5: /etc/tmp
+       6: $pfx/tmp
+       7: c/da/b$tp$tp_a/b$tp_*(a/b)_*($tp)
+       8: $tra/b$tp$tp_a/b$tp_*(a/b)_*($tp)
+       9: c/da/b$tp$tp_a/b$tp_*(a/b)_*($tp)
+       10: a/ba/bc/d$tp_a/b$tp_*(a/b)_*($tp)
+       11: a/ba/b$tp$tp_a/b$tp_*(a/b)_*($tp)
+       12: c/da/b$tp$tp_a/b$tp_*(a/b)_*($tp)
+       13: c/da/b$tp$tp_a/b$tp_*(a/b)_*($tp)
+       14: c\/da/b$tp$tp_a/b$tp_*(a/b)_*($tp)
+       15: c/d$tp$tp_a/b$tp_*(a/b)_*($tp)
+       16: $tr$tp$tp_a/b$tp_*(a/b)_*($tp)
+       17: c/d$tp$tp_a/b$tp_*(a/b)_*($tp)
+       18: c/d$tp$tp_a/b$tp_*(a/b)_*($tp)
+       19: c/d$tp$tp_a/b$tp_*(a/b)_*($tp)
+       20: c/dc/d$tp$tp_c/d$tp_*(c/d)_*($tp)
+       21: $tr$tr$tp$tp_$tr$tp_*($tr)_*($tp)
+       22: c/dc/d$tp$tp_c/d$tp_*(c/d)_*($tp)
+       23: c/dc/d$tp$tp_c/d$tp_*(c/d)_*($tp)
+       24: c/dc/d$tp$tp_c/d$tp_*(c/d)_*($tp)
+       25: c/d$tp$tp_c/d$tp_*(c/d)_*($tp)
+       26: $tr$tp$tp_$tr$tp_*($tr)_*($tp)
+       27: c/d$tp$tp_c/d$tp_*(c/d)_*($tp)
+       28: c/d$tp$tp_c/d$tp_*(c/d)_*($tp)
+       29: c/d$tp$tp_c/d$tp_*(c/d)_*($tp)
+       30: a/ba/b$tp$tp_a/b$tp_*(a/b)_*($tp)
+       31: a/ba/b$tp$tp_a/b$tp_*(a/b)_*($tp)
+#      This is what GNU bash does:
+#      30: c/d$tp$tp_a/b$tp_*(a/b)_*($tp)
+#      31: c/d$tp$tp_c/d$tp_*(c/d)_*($tp)
+---
+name: eglob-utf8-1
+description:
+       UTF-8 mode differences for eglobbing
+stdin:
+       s=blöd
+       set +U
+       print 1: ${s%???} .
+       print 2: ${s/b???d/x} .
+       set -U
+       print 3: ${s%???} .
+       print 4: ${s/b??d/x} .
+       x=nö
+       print 5: ${x%?} ${x%%?} .
+       x=äh
+       print 6: ${x#?} ${x##?} .
+       x=\81\82
+       print 7: ${x%?} ${x%%?} .
+       x=mä\80
+       print 8: ${x%?} ${x%%?} .
+       x=何
+       print 9: ${x%?} ${x%%?} .
+expected-stdout:
+       1: bl .
+       2: x .
+       3: b .
+       4: x .
+       5: n n .
+       6: h h .
+       7: \81 \81 .
+       8: mä mä .
+       9: .
+---
+name: glob-bad-1
+description:
+       Check that globbing isn't done when glob has syntax error
+file-setup: dir 755 "[x"
+file-setup: file 644 "[x/foo"
+stdin:
+       echo [*
+       echo *[x
+       echo [x/*
+expected-stdout:
+       [*
+       *[x
+       [x/foo
+---
+name: glob-bad-2
+description:
+       Check that symbolic links aren't stat()'d
+# breaks on Dell UNIX 4.0 R2.2 (SVR4) where unlink also fails
+# breaks on FreeMiNT (cannot unlink dangling symlinks)
+# breaks on MSYS, OS/2 (do not support symlinks)
+category: !os:mint,!os:msys,!os:svr4.0,!nosymlink
+file-setup: dir 755 "dir"
+file-setup: symlink 644 "dir/abc"
+       non-existent-file
+stdin:
+       echo d*/*
+       echo d*/abc
+expected-stdout:
+       dir/abc
+       dir/abc
+---
+name: glob-range-1
+description:
+       Test range matching
+file-setup: file 644 ".bc"
+file-setup: file 644 "abc"
+file-setup: file 644 "bbc"
+file-setup: file 644 "cbc"
+file-setup: file 644 "-bc"
+stdin:
+       echo [ab-]*
+       echo [-ab]*
+       echo [!-ab]*
+       echo [!ab]*
+       echo []ab]*
+       :>'./!bc'
+       :>'./^bc'
+       echo [^ab]*
+       echo [!ab]*
+expected-stdout:
+       -bc abc bbc
+       -bc abc bbc
+       cbc
+       -bc cbc
+       abc bbc
+       ^bc abc bbc
+       !bc -bc ^bc cbc
+---
+name: glob-range-2
+description:
+       Test range matching
+       (AT&T ksh fails this; POSIX says invalid)
+file-setup: file 644 "abc"
+stdin:
+       echo [a--]*
+expected-stdout:
+       [a--]*
+---
+name: glob-range-3
+description:
+       Check that globbing matches the right things...
+# breaks on Mac OSX (HFS+ non-standard Unicode canonical decomposition)
+# breaks on Cygwin 1.7 (files are now UTF-16 or something)
+# breaks on QNX 6.4.1 (says RT)
+category: !os:cygwin,!os:darwin,!os:msys,!os:nto,!os:os2
+need-pass: no
+file-setup: file 644 "aÂc"
+stdin:
+       echo a[Á-Ú]*
+expected-stdout:
+       aÂc
+---
+name: glob-range-4
+description:
+       Results unspecified according to POSIX
+file-setup: file 644 ".bc"
+stdin:
+       echo [a.]*
+expected-stdout:
+       [a.]*
+---
+name: glob-range-5
+description:
+       Results unspecified according to POSIX
+       (AT&T ksh treats this like [a-cc-e]*)
+file-setup: file 644 "abc"
+file-setup: file 644 "bbc"
+file-setup: file 644 "cbc"
+file-setup: file 644 "dbc"
+file-setup: file 644 "ebc"
+file-setup: file 644 "-bc"
+stdin:
+       echo [a-c-e]*
+expected-stdout:
+       -bc abc bbc cbc ebc
+---
+name: glob-trim-1
+description:
+       Check against a regression from fixing IFS-subst-2
+stdin:
+       x='#foo'
+       print -r "before='$x'"
+       x=${x%%#*}
+       print -r "after ='$x'"
+expected-stdout:
+       before='#foo'
+       after =''
+---
+name: heredoc-1
+description:
+       Check ordering/content of redundent here documents.
+stdin:
+       cat << EOF1 << EOF2
+       hi
+       EOF1
+       there
+       EOF2
+expected-stdout:
+       there
+---
+name: heredoc-2
+description:
+       Check quoted here-doc is protected.
+stdin:
+       a=foo
+       cat << 'EOF'
+       hi\
+       there$a
+       stuff
+       EO\
+       F
+       EOF
+expected-stdout:
+       hi\
+       there$a
+       stuff
+       EO\
+       F
+---
+name: heredoc-3
+description:
+       Check that newline isn't needed after heredoc-delimiter marker.
+stdin: !
+       cat << EOF
+       hi
+       there
+       EOF
+expected-stdout:
+       hi
+       there
+---
+name: heredoc-4a
+description:
+       Check that an error occurs if the heredoc-delimiter is missing.
+stdin: !
+       cat << EOF
+       hi
+       there
+expected-exit: e > 0
+expected-stderr-pattern: /.*/
+---
+name: heredoc-4an
+description:
+       Check that an error occurs if the heredoc-delimiter is missing.
+arguments: !-n!
+stdin: !
+       cat << EOF
+       hi
+       there
+expected-exit: e > 0
+expected-stderr-pattern: /.*/
+---
+name: heredoc-4b
+description:
+       Check that an error occurs if the heredoc is missing.
+stdin: !
+       cat << EOF
+expected-exit: e > 0
+expected-stderr-pattern: /.*/
+---
+name: heredoc-4bn
+description:
+       Check that an error occurs if the heredoc is missing.
+arguments: !-n!
+stdin: !
+       cat << EOF
+expected-exit: e > 0
+expected-stderr-pattern: /.*/
+---
+name: heredoc-5
+description:
+       Check that backslash quotes a $, ` and \ and kills a \newline
+stdin:
+       a=BAD
+       b=ok
+       cat << EOF
+       h\${a}i
+       h\\${b}i
+       th\`echo not-run\`ere
+       th\\`echo is-run`ere
+       fol\\ks
+       more\\
+       last \
+       line
+       EOF
+expected-stdout:
+       h${a}i
+       h\oki
+       th`echo not-run`ere
+       th\is-runere
+       fol\ks
+       more\
+       last line
+---
+name: heredoc-6
+description:
+       Check that \newline in initial here-delim word doesn't imply
+       a quoted here-doc.
+stdin:
+       a=i
+       cat << EO\
+       F
+       h$a
+       there
+       EOF
+expected-stdout:
+       hi
+       there
+---
+name: heredoc-7
+description:
+       Check that double quoted $ expressions in here delimiters are
+       not expanded and match the delimiter.
+       POSIX says only quote removal is applied to the delimiter.
+stdin:
+       a=b
+       cat << "E$a"
+       hi
+       h$a
+       hb
+       E$a
+       echo done
+expected-stdout:
+       hi
+       h$a
+       hb
+       done
+---
+name: heredoc-8
+description:
+       Check that double quoted escaped $ expressions in here
+       delimiters are not expanded and match the delimiter.
+       POSIX says only quote removal is applied to the delimiter
+       (\ counts as a quote).
+stdin:
+       a=b
+       cat << "E\$a"
+       hi
+       h$a
+       h\$a
+       hb
+       h\b
+       E$a
+       echo done
+expected-stdout:
+       hi
+       h$a
+       h\$a
+       hb
+       h\b
+       done
+---
+name: heredoc-9a
+description:
+       Check that here strings work.
+stdin:
+       bar="bar
+               baz"
+       tr abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz nopqrstuvwxyzabcdefghijklm <<<foo
+       "$__progname" -c "tr abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz nopqrstuvwxyzabcdefghijklm <<<foo"
+       tr abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz nopqrstuvwxyzabcdefghijklm <<<"$bar"
+       tr abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz nopqrstuvwxyzabcdefghijklm <<<'$bar'
+       tr abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz nopqrstuvwxyzabcdefghijklm <<<\$bar
+       tr abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz nopqrstuvwxyzabcdefghijklm <<<-foo
+       tr abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz nopqrstuvwxyzabcdefghijklm <<<"$(echo "foo bar")"
+       tr abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz nopqrstuvwxyzabcdefghijklm <<<"A $(echo "foo bar") B"
+       tr abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz nopqrstuvwxyzabcdefghijklm <<<\$b\$b$bar
+expected-stdout:
+       sbb
+       sbb
+       one
+               onm
+       $one
+       $one
+       -sbb
+       sbb one
+       A sbb one B
+       $o$oone
+               onm
+---
+name: heredoc-9b
+description:
+       Check that a corner case of here strings works like bash
+stdin:
+       fnord=42
+       bar="bar
+                \$fnord baz"
+       tr abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz nopqrstuvwxyzabcdefghijklm <<<$bar
+expected-stdout:
+       one $sabeq onm
+category: bash
+---
+name: heredoc-9c
+description:
+       Check that a corner case of here strings works like ksh93, zsh
+stdin:
+       fnord=42
+       bar="bar
+                \$fnord baz"
+       tr abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz nopqrstuvwxyzabcdefghijklm <<<$bar
+expected-stdout:
+       one
+                $sabeq onm
+---
+name: heredoc-9d
+description:
+       Check another corner case of here strings
+stdin:
+       tr abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz nopqrstuvwxyzabcdefghijklm <<< bar
+expected-stdout:
+       one
+---
+name: heredoc-9e
+description:
+       Check here string related regression with multiple iops
+stdin:
+       echo $(tr r z <<<'bar' 2>/dev/null)
+expected-stdout:
+       baz
+---
+name: heredoc-9f
+description:
+       Check long here strings
+stdin:
+       cat <<< "$(  :                                                             )aa"
+expected-stdout:
+       aa
+---
+name: heredoc-10
+description:
+       Check direct here document assignment
+stdin:
+       x=u
+       va=<<EOF
+       =a $x \x40=
+       EOF
+       vb=<<'EOF'
+       =b $x \x40=
+       EOF
+       function foo {
+               vc=<<-EOF
+                       =c $x \x40=
+               EOF
+       }
+       fnd=$(typeset -f foo)
+       print -r -- "$fnd"
+       function foo {
+               echo blub
+       }
+       foo
+       eval "$fnd"
+       foo
+       # rather nonsensical, but…
+       vd=<<<"=d $x \x40="
+       ve=<<<'=e $x \x40='
+       vf=<<<$'=f $x \x40='
+       # now check
+       print -r -- "| va={$va} vb={$vb} vc={$vc} vd={$vd} ve={$ve} vf={$vf} |"
+       # check append
+       v=<<-EOF
+               vapp1
+       EOF
+       v+=<<-EOF
+               vapp2
+       EOF
+       print -r -- "| ${v//$'\n'/^} |"
+expected-stdout:
+       function foo {
+               vc=<<-EOF 
+       =c $x \x40=
+       EOF
+       
+       } 
+       blub
+       | va={=a u \x40=
+       } vb={=b $x \x40=
+       } vc={=c u \x40=
+       } vd={=d u \x40=
+       } ve={=e $x \x40=
+       } vf={=f $x @=
+       } |
+       | vapp1^vapp2^ |
+---
+name: heredoc-11
+description:
+       Check here documents with no or empty delimiter
+stdin:
+       x=u
+       va=<<
+       =a $x \x40=
+       <<
+       vb=<<''
+       =b $x \x40=
+       
+       function foo {
+               vc=<<-
+                       =c $x \x40=
+               <<
+               vd=<<-''
+                       =d $x \x40=
+       
+       }
+       fnd=$(typeset -f foo)
+       print -r -- "$fnd"
+       function foo {
+               echo blub
+       }
+       foo
+       eval "$fnd"
+       foo
+       print -r -- "| va={$va} vb={$vb} vc={$vc} vd={$vd} |"
+       # check append
+       v=<<-
+               vapp1
+       <<
+       v+=<<-''
+               vapp2
+       
+       print -r -- "| ${v//$'\n'/^} |"
+expected-stdout:
+       function foo {
+               vc=<<- 
+       =c $x \x40=
+       <<
+       
+               vd=<<-"" 
+       =d $x \x40=
+       
+       
+       } 
+       blub
+       | va={=a u \x40=
+       } vb={=b $x \x40=
+       } vc={=c u \x40=
+       } vd={=d $x \x40=
+       } |
+       | vapp1^vapp2^ |
+---
+name: heredoc-12
+description:
+       Check here documents can use $* and $@; note shells vary:
+       • pdksh 5.2.14 acts the same
+       • dash has 1 and 2 the same but 3 lacks the space
+       • ksh93, bash4 differ in 2 by using space ipv colon
+stdin:
+       set -- a b
+       nl='
+       '
+       IFS="   $nl"; n=1
+       cat <<EOF
+       $n foo $* foo
+       $n bar "$*" bar
+       $n baz $@ baz
+       $n bla "$@" bla
+       EOF
+       IFS=":"; n=2
+       cat <<EOF
+       $n foo $* foo
+       $n bar "$*" bar
+       $n baz $@ baz
+       $n bla "$@" bla
+       EOF
+       IFS=; n=3
+       cat <<EOF
+       $n foo $* foo
+       $n bar "$*" bar
+       $n baz $@ baz
+       $n bla "$@" bla
+       EOF
+expected-stdout:
+       1 foo a b foo
+       1 bar "a b" bar
+       1 baz a b baz
+       1 bla "a b" bla
+       2 foo a:b foo
+       2 bar "a:b" bar
+       2 baz a:b baz
+       2 bla "a:b" bla
+       3 foo a b foo
+       3 bar "a b" bar
+       3 baz a b baz
+       3 bla "a b" bla
+---
+name: heredoc-14
+description:
+       Check that using multiple here documents works
+stdin:
+       foo() {
+               echo "got $(cat) on stdin"
+               echo "got $(cat <&4) on fd#4"
+               echo "got $(cat <&5) on fd#5"
+       }
+       bar() {
+               foo 4<<-a <<-b 5<<-c
+               four
+               a
+               zero
+               b
+               five
+               c
+       }
+       x=$(typeset -f bar)
+       eval "$x"
+       y=$(typeset -f bar)
+       [[ $x = "$y" ]]; echo $?
+       typeset -f bar
+       bar
+expected-stdout:
+       0
+       bar() {
+               foo 4<<-a <<-b 5<<-c 
+       four
+       a
+       zero
+       b
+       five
+       c
+       
+       } 
+       got zero on stdin
+       got four on fd#4
+       got five on fd#5
+---
+name: heredoc-comsub-1
+description:
+       Tests for here documents in COMSUB, taken from Austin ML
+stdin:
+       text=$(cat <<EOF
+       here is the text
+       EOF)
+       echo = $text =
+expected-stdout:
+       = here is the text =
+---
+name: heredoc-comsub-2
+description:
+       Tests for here documents in COMSUB, taken from Austin ML
+stdin:
+       unbalanced=$(cat <<EOF
+       this paren ) is a problem
+       EOF)
+       echo = $unbalanced =
+expected-stdout:
+       = this paren ) is a problem =
+---
+name: heredoc-comsub-3
+description:
+       Tests for here documents in COMSUB, taken from Austin ML
+stdin:
+       balanced=$(cat <<EOF
+       these parens ( ) are not a problem
+       EOF)
+       echo = $balanced =
+expected-stdout:
+       = these parens ( ) are not a problem =
+---
+name: heredoc-comsub-4
+description:
+       Tests for here documents in COMSUB, taken from Austin ML
+stdin:
+       balanced=$(cat <<EOF
+       these parens \( ) are a problem
+       EOF)
+       echo = $balanced =
+expected-stdout:
+       = these parens \( ) are a problem =
+---
+name: heredoc-comsub-5
+description:
+       Check heredoc and COMSUB mixture in input
+stdin:
+       prefix() { sed -e "s/^/$1:/"; }
+       XXX() { echo x-en; }
+       YYY() { echo y-es; }
+       
+       prefix A <<XXX && echo "$(prefix B <<XXX
+       echo line 1
+       XXX
+       echo line 2)" && prefix C <<YYY
+       echo line 3
+       XXX
+       echo line 4)"
+       echo line 5
+       YYY
+       XXX
+expected-stdout:
+       A:echo line 3
+       B:echo line 1
+       line 2
+       C:echo line 4)"
+       C:echo line 5
+       x-en
+---
+name: heredoc-subshell-1
+description:
+       Tests for here documents in subshells, taken from Austin ML
+stdin:
+       (cat <<EOF
+       some text
+       EOF)
+       echo end
+expected-stdout:
+       some text
+       end
+---
+name: heredoc-subshell-2
+description:
+       Tests for here documents in subshells, taken from Austin ML
+stdin:
+       (cat <<EOF
+       some text
+       EOF
+       )
+       echo end
+expected-stdout:
+       some text
+       end
+---
+name: heredoc-subshell-3
+description:
+       Tests for here documents in subshells, taken from Austin ML
+stdin:
+       (cat <<EOF; )
+       some text
+       EOF
+       echo end
+expected-stdout:
+       some text
+       end
+---
+name: heredoc-weird-1
+description:
+       Tests for here documents, taken from Austin ML
+       Documents current state in mksh, *NOT* necessarily correct!
+stdin:
+       cat <<END
+       hello
+       END\
+       END
+       END
+       echo end
+expected-stdout:
+       hello
+       ENDEND
+       end
+---
+name: heredoc-weird-2
+description:
+       Tests for here documents, taken from Austin ML
+stdin:
+       cat <<'    END    '
+       hello
+           END    
+       echo end
+expected-stdout:
+       hello
+       end
+---
+name: heredoc-weird-4
+description:
+       Tests for here documents, taken from Austin ML
+       Documents current state in mksh, *NOT* necessarily correct!
+stdin:
+       cat <<END
+       hello\
+       END
+       END
+       echo end
+expected-stdout:
+       helloEND
+       end
+---
+name: heredoc-weird-5
+description:
+       Tests for here documents, taken from Austin ML
+       Documents current state in mksh, *NOT* necessarily correct!
+stdin:
+       cat <<END
+       hello
+       \END
+       END
+       echo end
+expected-stdout:
+       hello
+       \END
+       end
+---
+name: heredoc-tmpfile-1
+description:
+       Check that heredoc temp files aren't removed too soon or too late.
+       Heredoc in simple command.
+stdin:
+       TMPDIR=$PWD
+       eval '
+               cat <<- EOF
+               hi
+               EOF
+               for i in a b ; do
+                       cat <<- EOF
+                       more
+                       EOF
+               done
+           ' &
+       sleep 1
+       echo Left overs: *
+expected-stdout:
+       hi
+       more
+       more
+       Left overs: *
+---
+name: heredoc-tmpfile-2
+description:
+       Check that heredoc temp files aren't removed too soon or too late.
+       Heredoc in function, multiple calls to function.
+stdin:
+       TMPDIR=$PWD
+       eval '
+               foo() {
+                       cat <<- EOF
+                       hi
+                       EOF
+               }
+               foo
+               foo
+           ' &
+       sleep 1
+       echo Left overs: *
+expected-stdout:
+       hi
+       hi
+       Left overs: *
+---
+name: heredoc-tmpfile-3
+description:
+       Check that heredoc temp files aren't removed too soon or too late.
+       Heredoc in function in loop, multiple calls to function.
+stdin:
+       TMPDIR=$PWD
+       eval '
+               foo() {
+                       cat <<- EOF
+                       hi
+                       EOF
+               }
+               for i in a b; do
+                       foo
+                       foo() {
+                               cat <<- EOF
+                               folks $i
+                               EOF
+                       }
+               done
+               foo
+           ' &
+       sleep 1
+       echo Left overs: *
+expected-stdout:
+       hi
+       folks b
+       folks b
+       Left overs: *
+---
+name: heredoc-tmpfile-4
+description:
+       Check that heredoc temp files aren't removed too soon or too late.
+       Backgrounded simple command with here doc
+stdin:
+       TMPDIR=$PWD
+       eval '
+               cat <<- EOF &
+               hi
+               EOF
+           ' &
+       sleep 1
+       echo Left overs: *
+expected-stdout:
+       hi
+       Left overs: *
+---
+name: heredoc-tmpfile-5
+description:
+       Check that heredoc temp files aren't removed too soon or too late.
+       Backgrounded subshell command with here doc
+stdin:
+       TMPDIR=$PWD
+       eval '
+             (
+               sleep 1 # so parent exits
+               echo A
+               cat <<- EOF
+               hi
+               EOF
+               echo B
+             ) &
+           ' &
+       sleep 2
+       echo Left overs: *
+expected-stdout:
+       A
+       hi
+       B
+       Left overs: *
+---
+name: heredoc-tmpfile-6
+description:
+       Check that heredoc temp files aren't removed too soon or too late.
+       Heredoc in pipeline.
+stdin:
+       TMPDIR=$PWD
+       eval '
+               cat <<- EOF | sed "s/hi/HI/"
+               hi
+               EOF
+           ' &
+       sleep 1
+       echo Left overs: *
+expected-stdout:
+       HI
+       Left overs: *
+---
+name: heredoc-tmpfile-7
+description:
+       Check that heredoc temp files aren't removed too soon or too late.
+       Heredoc in backgrounded pipeline.
+stdin:
+       TMPDIR=$PWD
+       eval '
+               cat <<- EOF | sed 's/hi/HI/' &
+               hi
+               EOF
+           ' &
+       sleep 1
+       echo Left overs: *
+expected-stdout:
+       HI
+       Left overs: *
+---
+name: heredoc-tmpfile-8
+description:
+       Check that heredoc temp files aren't removed too soon or too
+       late. Heredoc in function, backgrounded call to function.
+       This check can fail on slow machines (<100 MHz), or Cygwin,
+       that's normal.
+need-pass: no
+stdin:
+       TMPDIR=$PWD
+       # Background eval so main shell doesn't do parsing
+       eval '
+               foo() {
+                       cat <<- EOF
+                       hi
+                       EOF
+               }
+               foo
+               # sleep so eval can die
+               (sleep 1; foo) &
+               (sleep 1; foo) &
+               foo
+           ' &
+       sleep 2
+       echo Left overs: *
+expected-stdout:
+       hi
+       hi
+       hi
+       hi
+       Left overs: *
+---
+name: heredoc-quoting-unsubst
+description:
+       Check for correct handling of quoted characters in
+       here documents without substitution (marker is quoted).
+stdin:
+       foo=bar
+       cat <<-'EOF'
+               x " \" \ \\ $ \$ `echo baz` \`echo baz\` $foo \$foo x
+       EOF
+expected-stdout:
+       x " \" \ \\ $ \$ `echo baz` \`echo baz\` $foo \$foo x
+---
+name: heredoc-quoting-subst
+description:
+       Check for correct handling of quoted characters in
+       here documents with substitution (marker is not quoted).
+stdin:
+       foo=bar
+       cat <<-EOF
+               x " \" \ \\ $ \$ `echo baz` \`echo baz\` $foo \$foo x
+       EOF
+expected-stdout:
+       x " \" \ \ $ $ baz `echo baz` bar $foo x
+---
+name: single-quotes-in-braces
+description:
+       Check that single quotes inside unquoted {} are treated as quotes
+stdin:
+       foo=1
+       echo ${foo:+'blah  $foo'}
+expected-stdout:
+       blah  $foo
+---
+name: single-quotes-in-quoted-braces
+description:
+       Check that single quotes inside quoted {} are treated as
+       normal char
+stdin:
+       foo=1
+       echo "${foo:+'blah  $foo'}"
+expected-stdout:
+       'blah  1'
+---
+name: single-quotes-in-braces-nested
+description:
+       Check that single quotes inside unquoted {} are treated as quotes,
+       even if that's inside a double-quoted command expansion
+stdin:
+       foo=1
+       echo "$( echo ${foo:+'blah  $foo'})"
+expected-stdout:
+       blah  $foo
+---
+name: single-quotes-in-brace-pattern
+description:
+       Check that single quotes inside {} pattern are treated as quotes
+stdin:
+       foo=1234
+       echo ${foo%'2'*} "${foo%'2'*}" ${foo%2'*'} "${foo%2'*'}"
+expected-stdout:
+       1 1 1234 1234
+---
+name: single-quotes-in-heredoc-braces
+description:
+       Check that single quotes inside {} in heredoc are treated
+       as normal char
+stdin:
+       foo=1
+       cat <<EOM
+       ${foo:+'blah  $foo'}
+       EOM
+expected-stdout:
+       'blah  1'
+---
+name: single-quotes-in-nested-braces
+description:
+       Check that single quotes inside nested unquoted {} are
+       treated as quotes
+stdin:
+       foo=1
+       echo ${foo:+${foo:+'blah  $foo'}}
+expected-stdout:
+       blah  $foo
+---
+name: single-quotes-in-nested-quoted-braces
+description:
+       Check that single quotes inside nested quoted {} are treated
+       as normal char
+stdin:
+       foo=1
+       echo "${foo:+${foo:+'blah  $foo'}}"
+expected-stdout:
+       'blah  1'
+---
+name: single-quotes-in-nested-braces-nested
+description:
+       Check that single quotes inside nested unquoted {} are treated
+       as quotes, even if that's inside a double-quoted command expansion
+stdin:
+       foo=1
+       echo "$( echo ${foo:+${foo:+'blah  $foo'}})"
+expected-stdout:
+       blah  $foo
+---
+name: single-quotes-in-nested-brace-pattern
+description:
+       Check that single quotes inside nested {} pattern are treated as quotes
+stdin:
+       foo=1234
+       echo ${foo:+${foo%'2'*}} "${foo:+${foo%'2'*}}" ${foo:+${foo%2'*'}} "${foo:+${foo%2'*'}}"
+expected-stdout:
+       1 1 1234 1234
+---
+name: single-quotes-in-heredoc-nested-braces
+description:
+       Check that single quotes inside nested {} in heredoc are treated
+       as normal char
+stdin:
+       foo=1
+       cat <<EOM
+       ${foo:+${foo:+'blah  $foo'}}
+       EOM
+expected-stdout:
+       'blah  1'
+---
+name: history-basic
+description:
+       See if we can test history at all
+need-ctty: yes
+arguments: !-i!
+env-setup: !ENV=./Env!HISTFILE=hist.file!
+file-setup: file 644 "Env"
+       PS1=X
+stdin:
+       echo hi
+       fc -l
+expected-stdout:
+       hi
+       1       echo hi
+expected-stderr-pattern:
+       /^X*$/
+---
+name: history-dups
+description:
+       Verify duplicates and spaces are not entered
+need-ctty: yes
+arguments: !-i!
+env-setup: !ENV=./Env!HISTFILE=hist.file!
+file-setup: file 644 "Env"
+       PS1=X
+stdin:
+       echo hi
+        echo yo
+       echo hi
+       fc -l
+expected-stdout:
+       hi
+       yo
+       hi
+       1       echo hi
+expected-stderr-pattern:
+       /^X*$/
+---
+name: history-unlink
+description:
+       Check if broken HISTFILEs do not cause trouble
+need-ctty: yes
+arguments: !-i!
+env-setup: !ENV=./Env!HISTFILE=foo/hist.file!
+file-setup: file 644 "Env"
+       PS1=X
+file-setup: dir 755 "foo"
+file-setup: file 644 "foo/hist.file"
+       sometext
+time-limit: 5
+perl-setup: chmod(0555, "foo");
+stdin:
+       echo hi
+       fc -l
+       chmod 0755 foo
+expected-stdout:
+       hi
+       1       echo hi
+expected-stderr-pattern:
+       /(.*can't unlink HISTFILE.*\n)?X*$/
+---
+name: history-e-minus-1
+description:
+       Check if more recent command is executed
+need-ctty: yes
+arguments: !-i!
+env-setup: !ENV=./Env!HISTFILE=hist.file!
+file-setup: file 644 "Env"
+       PS1=X
+stdin:
+       echo hi
+       echo there
+       fc -e -
+expected-stdout:
+       hi
+       there
+       there
+expected-stderr-pattern:
+       /^X*echo there\nX*$/
+---
+name: history-e-minus-2
+description:
+       Check that repeated command is printed before command
+       is re-executed.
+need-ctty: yes
+arguments: !-i!
+env-setup: !ENV=./Env!HISTFILE=hist.file!
+file-setup: file 644 "Env"
+       PS1=X
+stdin:
+       exec 2>&1
+       echo hi
+       echo there
+       fc -e -
+expected-stdout-pattern:
+       /X*hi\nX*there\nX*echo there\nthere\nX*/
+expected-stderr-pattern:
+       /^X*$/
+---
+name: history-e-minus-3
+description:
+       fc -e - fails when there is no history
+       (ksh93 has a bug that causes this to fail)
+       (ksh88 loops on this)
+need-ctty: yes
+arguments: !-i!
+env-setup: !ENV=./Env!HISTFILE=hist.file!
+file-setup: file 644 "Env"
+       PS1=X
+stdin:
+       fc -e -
+       echo ok
+expected-stdout:
+       ok
+expected-stderr-pattern:
+       /^X*.*:.*history.*\nX*$/
+---
+name: history-e-minus-4
+description:
+       Check if "fc -e -" command output goes to stdout.
+need-ctty: yes
+arguments: !-i!
+env-setup: !ENV=./Env!HISTFILE=hist.file!
+file-setup: file 644 "Env"
+       PS1=X
+stdin:
+       echo abc
+       fc -e - | (read x; echo "A $x")
+       echo ok
+expected-stdout:
+       abc
+       A abc
+       ok
+expected-stderr-pattern:
+       /^X*echo abc\nX*/
+---
+name: history-e-minus-5
+description:
+       fc is replaced in history by new command.
+need-ctty: yes
+arguments: !-i!
+env-setup: !ENV=./Env!HISTFILE=hist.file!
+file-setup: file 644 "Env"
+       PS1=X
+stdin:
+       echo abc def
+       echo ghi jkl
+       :
+       fc -e - echo
+       fc -l 2 5
+expected-stdout:
+       abc def
+       ghi jkl
+       ghi jkl
+       2       echo ghi jkl
+       3       :
+       4       echo ghi jkl
+       5       fc -l 2 5
+expected-stderr-pattern:
+       /^X*echo ghi jkl\nX*$/
+---
+name: history-list-1
+description:
+       List lists correct range
+       (ksh88 fails 'cause it lists the fc command)
+need-ctty: yes
+arguments: !-i!
+env-setup: !ENV=./Env!HISTFILE=hist.file!
+file-setup: file 644 "Env"
+       PS1=X
+stdin:
+       echo line 1
+       echo line 2
+       echo line 3
+       fc -l -- -2
+expected-stdout:
+       line 1
+       line 2
+       line 3
+       2       echo line 2
+       3       echo line 3
+expected-stderr-pattern:
+       /^X*$/
+---
+name: history-list-2
+description:
+       Lists oldest history if given pre-historic number
+       (ksh93 has a bug that causes this to fail)
+       (ksh88 fails 'cause it lists the fc command)
+need-ctty: yes
+arguments: !-i!
+env-setup: !ENV=./Env!HISTFILE=hist.file!
+file-setup: file 644 "Env"
+       PS1=X
+stdin:
+       echo line 1
+       echo line 2
+       echo line 3
+       fc -l -- -40
+expected-stdout:
+       line 1
+       line 2
+       line 3
+       1       echo line 1
+       2       echo line 2
+       3       echo line 3
+expected-stderr-pattern:
+       /^X*$/
+---
+name: history-list-3
+description:
+       Can give number 'options' to fc
+need-ctty: yes
+arguments: !-i!
+env-setup: !ENV=./Env!HISTFILE=hist.file!
+file-setup: file 644 "Env"
+       PS1=X
+stdin:
+       echo line 1
+       echo line 2
+       echo line 3
+       echo line 4
+       fc -l -3 -2
+expected-stdout:
+       line 1
+       line 2
+       line 3
+       line 4
+       2       echo line 2
+       3       echo line 3
+expected-stderr-pattern:
+       /^X*$/
+---
+name: history-list-4
+description:
+       -1 refers to previous command
+need-ctty: yes
+arguments: !-i!
+env-setup: !ENV=./Env!HISTFILE=hist.file!
+file-setup: file 644 "Env"
+       PS1=X
+stdin:
+       echo line 1
+       echo line 2
+       echo line 3
+       echo line 4
+       fc -l -1 -1
+expected-stdout:
+       line 1
+       line 2
+       line 3
+       line 4
+       4       echo line 4
+expected-stderr-pattern:
+       /^X*$/
+---
+name: history-list-5
+description:
+       List command stays in history
+need-ctty: yes
+arguments: !-i!
+env-setup: !ENV=./Env!HISTFILE=hist.file!
+file-setup: file 644 "Env"
+       PS1=X
+stdin:
+       echo line 1
+       echo line 2
+       echo line 3
+       echo line 4
+       fc -l -1 -1
+       fc -l -2 -1
+expected-stdout:
+       line 1
+       line 2
+       line 3
+       line 4
+       4       echo line 4
+       4       echo line 4
+       5       fc -l -1 -1
+expected-stderr-pattern:
+       /^X*$/
+---
+name: history-list-6
+description:
+       HISTSIZE limits about of history kept.
+       (ksh88 fails 'cause it lists the fc command)
+need-ctty: yes
+arguments: !-i!
+env-setup: !ENV=./Env!HISTFILE=hist.file!HISTSIZE=3!
+file-setup: file 644 "Env"
+       PS1=X
+stdin:
+       echo line 1
+       echo line 2
+       echo line 3
+       echo line 4
+       echo line 5
+       fc -l
+expected-stdout:
+       line 1
+       line 2
+       line 3
+       line 4
+       line 5
+       4       echo line 4
+       5       echo line 5
+expected-stderr-pattern:
+       /^X*$/
+---
+name: history-list-7
+description:
+       fc allows too old/new errors in range specification
+need-ctty: yes
+arguments: !-i!
+env-setup: !ENV=./Env!HISTFILE=hist.file!HISTSIZE=3!
+file-setup: file 644 "Env"
+       PS1=X
+stdin:
+       echo line 1
+       echo line 2
+       echo line 3
+       echo line 4
+       echo line 5
+       fc -l 1 30
+expected-stdout:
+       line 1
+       line 2
+       line 3
+       line 4
+       line 5
+       4       echo line 4
+       5       echo line 5
+       6       fc -l 1 30
+expected-stderr-pattern:
+       /^X*$/
+---
+name: history-list-r-1
+description:
+       test -r flag in history
+need-ctty: yes
+arguments: !-i!
+env-setup: !ENV=./Env!HISTFILE=hist.file!
+file-setup: file 644 "Env"
+       PS1=X
+stdin:
+       echo line 1
+       echo line 2
+       echo line 3
+       echo line 4
+       echo line 5
+       fc -l -r 2 4
+expected-stdout:
+       line 1
+       line 2
+       line 3
+       line 4
+       line 5
+       4       echo line 4
+       3       echo line 3
+       2       echo line 2
+expected-stderr-pattern:
+       /^X*$/
+---
+name: history-list-r-2
+description:
+       If first is newer than last, -r is implied.
+need-ctty: yes
+arguments: !-i!
+env-setup: !ENV=./Env!HISTFILE=hist.file!
+file-setup: file 644 "Env"
+       PS1=X
+stdin:
+       echo line 1
+       echo line 2
+       echo line 3
+       echo line 4
+       echo line 5
+       fc -l 4 2
+expected-stdout:
+       line 1
+       line 2
+       line 3
+       line 4
+       line 5
+       4       echo line 4
+       3       echo line 3
+       2       echo line 2
+expected-stderr-pattern:
+       /^X*$/
+---
+name: history-list-r-3
+description:
+       If first is newer than last, -r is cancelled.
+need-ctty: yes
+arguments: !-i!
+env-setup: !ENV=./Env!HISTFILE=hist.file!
+file-setup: file 644 "Env"
+       PS1=X
+stdin:
+       echo line 1
+       echo line 2
+       echo line 3
+       echo line 4
+       echo line 5
+       fc -l -r 4 2
+expected-stdout:
+       line 1
+       line 2
+       line 3
+       line 4
+       line 5
+       2       echo line 2
+       3       echo line 3
+       4       echo line 4
+expected-stderr-pattern:
+       /^X*$/
+---
+name: history-subst-1
+description:
+       Basic substitution
+need-ctty: yes
+arguments: !-i!
+env-setup: !ENV=./Env!HISTFILE=hist.file!
+file-setup: file 644 "Env"
+       PS1=X
+stdin:
+       echo abc def
+       echo ghi jkl
+       fc -e - abc=AB 'echo a'
+expected-stdout:
+       abc def
+       ghi jkl
+       AB def
+expected-stderr-pattern:
+       /^X*echo AB def\nX*$/
+---
+name: history-subst-2
+description:
+       Does subst find previous command?
+need-ctty: yes
+arguments: !-i!
+env-setup: !ENV=./Env!HISTFILE=hist.file!
+file-setup: file 644 "Env"
+       PS1=X
+stdin:
+       echo abc def
+       echo ghi jkl
+       fc -e - jkl=XYZQRT 'echo g'
+expected-stdout:
+       abc def
+       ghi jkl
+       ghi XYZQRT
+expected-stderr-pattern:
+       /^X*echo ghi XYZQRT\nX*$/
+---
+name: history-subst-3
+description:
+       Does subst find previous command when no arguments given
+need-ctty: yes
+arguments: !-i!
+env-setup: !ENV=./Env!HISTFILE=hist.file!
+file-setup: file 644 "Env"
+       PS1=X
+stdin:
+       echo abc def
+       echo ghi jkl
+       fc -e - jkl=XYZQRT
+expected-stdout:
+       abc def
+       ghi jkl
+       ghi XYZQRT
+expected-stderr-pattern:
+       /^X*echo ghi XYZQRT\nX*$/
+---
+name: history-subst-4
+description:
+       Global substitutions work
+       (ksh88 and ksh93 do not have -g option)
+need-ctty: yes
+arguments: !-i!
+env-setup: !ENV=./Env!HISTFILE=hist.file!
+file-setup: file 644 "Env"
+       PS1=X
+stdin:
+       echo abc def asjj sadjhasdjh asdjhasd
+       fc -e - -g a=FooBAR
+expected-stdout:
+       abc def asjj sadjhasdjh asdjhasd
+       FooBARbc def FooBARsjj sFooBARdjhFooBARsdjh FooBARsdjhFooBARsd
+expected-stderr-pattern:
+       /^X*echo FooBARbc def FooBARsjj sFooBARdjhFooBARsdjh FooBARsdjhFooBARsd\nX*$/
+---
+name: history-subst-5
+description:
+       Make sure searches don't find current (fc) command
+       (ksh88/ksh93 don't have the ? prefix thing so they fail this test)
+need-ctty: yes
+arguments: !-i!
+env-setup: !ENV=./Env!HISTFILE=hist.file!
+file-setup: file 644 "Env"
+       PS1=X
+stdin:
+       echo abc def
+       echo ghi jkl
+       fc -e - abc=AB \?abc
+expected-stdout:
+       abc def
+       ghi jkl
+       AB def
+expected-stderr-pattern:
+       /^X*echo AB def\nX*$/
+---
+name: history-ed-1-old
+description:
+       Basic (ed) editing works (assumes you have generic ed editor
+       that prints no prompts). This is for oldish ed(1) which write
+       the character count to stdout.
+category: stdout-ed
+need-ctty: yes
+need-pass: no
+arguments: !-i!
+env-setup: !ENV=./Env!HISTFILE=hist.file!
+file-setup: file 644 "Env"
+       PS1=X
+stdin:
+       echo abc def
+       fc echo
+       s/abc/FOOBAR/
+       w
+       q
+expected-stdout:
+       abc def
+       13
+       16
+       FOOBAR def
+expected-stderr-pattern:
+       /^X*echo FOOBAR def\nX*$/
+---
+name: history-ed-2-old
+description:
+       Correct command is edited when number given
+category: stdout-ed
+need-ctty: yes
+need-pass: no
+arguments: !-i!
+env-setup: !ENV=./Env!HISTFILE=hist.file!
+file-setup: file 644 "Env"
+       PS1=X
+stdin:
+       echo line 1
+       echo line 2 is here
+       echo line 3
+       echo line 4
+       fc 2
+       s/is here/is changed/
+       w
+       q
+expected-stdout:
+       line 1
+       line 2 is here
+       line 3
+       line 4
+       20
+       23
+       line 2 is changed
+expected-stderr-pattern:
+       /^X*echo line 2 is changed\nX*$/
+---
+name: history-ed-3-old
+description:
+       Newly created multi line commands show up as single command
+       in history.
+       (ksh88 fails 'cause it lists the fc command)
+category: stdout-ed
+need-ctty: yes
+need-pass: no
+arguments: !-i!
+env-setup: !ENV=./Env!HISTFILE=hist.file!
+file-setup: file 644 "Env"
+       PS1=X
+stdin:
+       echo abc def
+       fc echo
+       s/abc/FOOBAR/
+       $a
+       echo a new line
+       .
+       w
+       q
+       fc -l
+expected-stdout:
+       abc def
+       13
+       32
+       FOOBAR def
+       a new line
+       1       echo abc def
+       2       echo FOOBAR def
+               echo a new line
+expected-stderr-pattern:
+       /^X*echo FOOBAR def\necho a new line\nX*$/
+---
+name: history-ed-1
+description:
+       Basic (ed) editing works (assumes you have generic ed editor
+       that prints no prompts). This is for newish ed(1) and stderr.
+category: !no-stderr-ed
+need-ctty: yes
+need-pass: no
+arguments: !-i!
+env-setup: !ENV=./Env!HISTFILE=hist.file!
+file-setup: file 644 "Env"
+       PS1=X
+stdin:
+       echo abc def
+       fc echo
+       s/abc/FOOBAR/
+       w
+       q
+expected-stdout:
+       abc def
+       FOOBAR def
+expected-stderr-pattern:
+       /^X*13\n16\necho FOOBAR def\nX*$/
+---
+name: history-ed-2
+description:
+       Correct command is edited when number given
+category: !no-stderr-ed
+need-ctty: yes
+need-pass: no
+arguments: !-i!
+env-setup: !ENV=./Env!HISTFILE=hist.file!
+file-setup: file 644 "Env"
+       PS1=X
+stdin:
+       echo line 1
+       echo line 2 is here
+       echo line 3
+       echo line 4
+       fc 2
+       s/is here/is changed/
+       w
+       q
+expected-stdout:
+       line 1
+       line 2 is here
+       line 3
+       line 4
+       line 2 is changed
+expected-stderr-pattern:
+       /^X*20\n23\necho line 2 is changed\nX*$/
+---
+name: history-ed-3
+description:
+       Newly created multi line commands show up as single command
+       in history.
+category: !no-stderr-ed
+need-ctty: yes
+need-pass: no
+arguments: !-i!
+env-setup: !ENV=./Env!HISTFILE=hist.file!
+file-setup: file 644 "Env"
+       PS1=X
+stdin:
+       echo abc def
+       fc echo
+       s/abc/FOOBAR/
+       $a
+       echo a new line
+       .
+       w
+       q
+       fc -l
+expected-stdout:
+       abc def
+       FOOBAR def
+       a new line
+       1       echo abc def
+       2       echo FOOBAR def
+               echo a new line
+expected-stderr-pattern:
+       /^X*13\n32\necho FOOBAR def\necho a new line\nX*$/
+---
+name: IFS-space-1
+description:
+       Simple test, default IFS
+stdin:
+       showargs() { for s_arg in "$@"; do echo -n "<$s_arg> "; done; echo .; }
+       set -- A B C
+       showargs 1 $*
+       showargs 2 "$*"
+       showargs 3 $@
+       showargs 4 "$@"
+expected-stdout:
+       <1> <A> <B> <C> .
+       <2> <A B C> .
+       <3> <A> <B> <C> .
+       <4> <A> <B> <C> .
+---
+name: IFS-colon-1
+description:
+       Simple test, IFS=:
+stdin:
+       showargs() { for s_arg in "$@"; do echo -n "<$s_arg> "; done; echo .; }
+       IFS=:
+       set -- A B C
+       showargs 1 $*
+       showargs 2 "$*"
+       showargs 3 $@
+       showargs 4 "$@"
+expected-stdout:
+       <1> <A> <B> <C> .
+       <2> <A:B:C> .
+       <3> <A> <B> <C> .
+       <4> <A> <B> <C> .
+---
+name: IFS-null-1
+description:
+       Simple test, IFS=""
+stdin:
+       showargs() { for s_arg in "$@"; do echo -n "<$s_arg> "; done; echo .; }
+       IFS=""
+       set -- A B C
+       showargs 1 $*
+       showargs 2 "$*"
+       showargs 3 $@
+       showargs 4 "$@"
+expected-stdout:
+       <1> <A> <B> <C> .
+       <2> <ABC> .
+       <3> <A> <B> <C> .
+       <4> <A> <B> <C> .
+---
+name: IFS-space-colon-1
+description:
+       Simple test, IFS=<white-space>:
+stdin:
+       showargs() { for s_arg in "$@"; do echo -n "<$s_arg> "; done; echo .; }
+       IFS="$IFS:"
+       set --
+       showargs 1 $*
+       showargs 2 "$*"
+       showargs 3 $@
+       showargs 4 "$@"
+       showargs 5 : "$@"
+expected-stdout:
+       <1> .
+       <2> <> .
+       <3> .
+       <4> .
+       <5> <:> .
+---
+name: IFS-space-colon-2
+description:
+       Simple test, IFS=<white-space>:
+       AT&T ksh fails this, POSIX says the test is correct.
+stdin:
+       showargs() { for s_arg in "$@"; do echo -n "<$s_arg> "; done; echo .; }
+       IFS="$IFS:"
+       set --
+       showargs :"$@"
+expected-stdout:
+       <:> .
+---
+name: IFS-space-colon-4
+description:
+       Simple test, IFS=<white-space>:
+stdin:
+       showargs() { for s_arg in "$@"; do echo -n "<$s_arg> "; done; echo .; }
+       IFS="$IFS:"
+       set --
+       showargs "$@$@"
+expected-stdout:
+       .
+---
+name: IFS-space-colon-5
+description:
+       Simple test, IFS=<white-space>:
+       Don't know what POSIX thinks of this.  AT&T ksh does not do this.
+stdin:
+       showargs() { for s_arg in "$@"; do echo -n "<$s_arg> "; done; echo .; }
+       IFS="$IFS:"
+       set --
+       showargs "${@:-}"
+expected-stdout:
+       <> .
+---
+name: IFS-subst-1
+description:
+       Simple test, IFS=<white-space>:
+stdin:
+       showargs() { for s_arg in "$@"; do echo -n "<$s_arg> "; done; echo .; }
+       IFS="$IFS:"
+       x=":b: :"
+       echo -n '1:'; for i in $x ; do echo -n " [$i]" ; done ; echo
+       echo -n '2:'; for i in :b:: ; do echo -n " [$i]" ; done ; echo
+       showargs 3 $x
+       showargs 4 :b::
+       x="a:b:"
+       echo -n '5:'; for i in $x ; do echo -n " [$i]" ; done ; echo
+       showargs 6 $x
+       x="a::c"
+       echo -n '7:'; for i in $x ; do echo -n " [$i]" ; done ; echo
+       showargs 8 $x
+       echo -n '9:'; for i in ${FOO-`echo -n h:i`th:ere} ; do echo -n " [$i]" ; done ; echo
+       showargs 10 ${FOO-`echo -n h:i`th:ere}
+       showargs 11 "${FOO-`echo -n h:i`th:ere}"
+       x=" A :  B::D"
+       echo -n '12:'; for i in $x ; do echo -n " [$i]" ; done ; echo
+       showargs 13 $x
+expected-stdout:
+       1: [] [b] []
+       2: [:b::]
+       <3> <> <b> <> .
+       <4> <:b::> .
+       5: [a] [b]
+       <6> <a> <b> .
+       7: [a] [] [c]
+       <8> <a> <> <c> .
+       9: [h] [ith] [ere]
+       <10> <h> <ith> <ere> .
+       <11> <h:ith:ere> .
+       12: [A] [B] [] [D]
+       <13> <A> <B> <> <D> .
+---
+name: IFS-subst-2
+description:
+       Check leading whitespace after trim does not make a field
+stdin:
+       showargs() { for s_arg in "$@"; do echo -n "<$s_arg> "; done; echo .; }
+       x="X 1 2"
+       showargs 1 shift ${x#X}
+expected-stdout:
+       <1> <shift> <1> <2> .
+---
+name: IFS-subst-3-arr
+description:
+       Check leading IFS non-whitespace after trim does make a field
+       but leading IFS whitespace does not, nor empty replacements
+stdin:
+       showargs() { for s_arg in "$@"; do echo -n "<$s_arg> "; done; echo .; }
+       showargs 0 ${-+}
+       IFS=:
+       showargs 1 ${-+:foo:bar}
+       IFS=' '
+       showargs 2 ${-+ foo bar}
+expected-stdout:
+       <0> .
+       <1> <> <foo> <bar> .
+       <2> <foo> <bar> .
+---
+name: IFS-subst-3-ass
+description:
+       Check non-field semantics
+stdin:
+       showargs() { for s_arg in "$@"; do echo -n "<$s_arg> "; done; echo .; }
+       showargs 0 x=${-+}
+       IFS=:
+       showargs 1 x=${-+:foo:bar}
+       IFS=' '
+       showargs 2 x=${-+ foo bar}
+expected-stdout:
+       <0> <x=> .
+       <1> <x=> <foo> <bar> .
+       <2> <x=> <foo> <bar> .
+---
+name: IFS-subst-3-lcl
+description:
+       Check non-field semantics, smaller corner case (LP#1381965)
+stdin:
+       set -x
+       local regex=${2:-}
+       exit 1
+expected-exit: e != 0
+expected-stderr-pattern:
+       /regex=/
+---
+name: IFS-subst-4-1
+description:
+       reported by mikeserv
+stdin:
+       pfn() { for s_arg in "$@"; do print -r -- "<$s_arg>"; done; }
+       a='space divded  argument
+       here'
+       IFS=\  ; set -- $a
+       IFS= ; q="$*" ; nq=$*
+       pfn "$*" $* "$q" "$nq"
+       [ "$q" = "$nq" ] && echo =true || echo =false
+expected-stdout:
+       <spacedivdedargument
+       here>
+       <space>
+       <divded>
+       <argument
+       here>
+       <spacedivdedargument
+       here>
+       <spacedivdedargument
+       here>
+       =true
+---
+name: IFS-subst-4-2
+description:
+       extended testsuite based on problem by mikeserv
+stdin:
+       pfn() { for s_arg in "$@"; do print -r -- "<$s_arg>"; done; }
+       a='space divded  argument
+       here'
+       IFS=\  ; set -- $a
+       IFS= ; q="$@" ; nq=$@
+       pfn "$*" $* "$q" "$nq"
+       [ "$q" = "$nq" ] && echo =true || echo =false
+expected-stdout:
+       <spacedivdedargument
+       here>
+       <space>
+       <divded>
+       <argument
+       here>
+       <space divded argument
+       here>
+       <space divded argument
+       here>
+       =true
+---
+name: IFS-subst-4-3
+description:
+       extended testsuite based on problem by mikeserv
+stdin:
+       pfn() { for s_arg in "$@"; do print -r -- "<$s_arg>"; done; }
+       a='space divded  argument
+       here'
+       IFS=\ ; set -- $a; IFS=
+       qs="$*"
+       nqs=$*
+       qk="$@"
+       nqk=$@
+       print -nr -- '= qs '; pfn "$qs"
+       print -nr -- '=nqs '; pfn "$nqs"
+       print -nr -- '= qk '; pfn "$qk"
+       print -nr -- '=nqk '; pfn "$nqk"
+       print -nr -- '~ qs '; pfn "$*"
+       print -nr -- '~nqs '; pfn $*
+       print -nr -- '~ qk '; pfn "$@"
+       print -nr -- '~nqk '; pfn $@
+expected-stdout:
+       = qs <spacedivdedargument
+       here>
+       =nqs <spacedivdedargument
+       here>
+       = qk <space divded argument
+       here>
+       =nqk <space divded argument
+       here>
+       ~ qs <spacedivdedargument
+       here>
+       ~nqs <space>
+       <divded>
+       <argument
+       here>
+       ~ qk <space>
+       <divded>
+       <argument
+       here>
+       ~nqk <space>
+       <divded>
+       <argument
+       here>
+---
+name: IFS-subst-4-4
+description:
+       extended testsuite based on problem by mikeserv
+stdin:
+       pfn() { for s_arg in "$@"; do print -r -- "<$s_arg>"; done; }
+       a='space divded  argument
+       here'
+       IFS=\ ; set -- $a; IFS=
+       qs="$*"
+       print -nr -- '= qs '; pfn "$qs"
+       print -nr -- '~ qs '; pfn "$*"
+       nqs=$*
+       print -nr -- '=nqs '; pfn "$nqs"
+       print -nr -- '~nqs '; pfn $*
+       qk="$@"
+       print -nr -- '= qk '; pfn "$qk"
+       print -nr -- '~ qk '; pfn "$@"
+       nqk=$@
+       print -nr -- '=nqk '; pfn "$nqk"
+       print -nr -- '~nqk '; pfn $@
+expected-stdout:
+       = qs <spacedivdedargument
+       here>
+       ~ qs <spacedivdedargument
+       here>
+       =nqs <spacedivdedargument
+       here>
+       ~nqs <space>
+       <divded>
+       <argument
+       here>
+       = qk <space divded argument
+       here>
+       ~ qk <space>
+       <divded>
+       <argument
+       here>
+       =nqk <space divded argument
+       here>
+       ~nqk <space>
+       <divded>
+       <argument
+       here>
+---
+name: IFS-subst-4-4p
+description:
+       extended testsuite based on problem by mikeserv
+stdin:
+       pfn() { for s_arg in "$@"; do print -r -- "<$s_arg>"; done; }
+       a='space divded  argument
+       here'
+       IFS=\ ; set -- $a; IFS=
+       unset v
+       qs=${v:-"$*"}
+       print -nr -- '= qs '; pfn "$qs"
+       print -nr -- '~ qs '; pfn ${v:-"$*"}
+       nqs=${v:-$*}
+       print -nr -- '=nqs '; pfn "$nqs"
+       print -nr -- '~nqs '; pfn ${v:-$*}
+       qk=${v:-"$@"}
+       print -nr -- '= qk '; pfn "$qk"
+       print -nr -- '~ qk '; pfn ${v:-"$@"}
+       nqk=${v:-$@}
+       print -nr -- '=nqk '; pfn "$nqk"
+       print -nr -- '~nqk '; pfn ${v:-$@}
+expected-stdout:
+       = qs <spacedivdedargument
+       here>
+       ~ qs <spacedivdedargument
+       here>
+       =nqs <spacedivdedargument
+       here>
+       ~nqs <space>
+       <divded>
+       <argument
+       here>
+       = qk <space divded argument
+       here>
+       ~ qk <space>
+       <divded>
+       <argument
+       here>
+       =nqk <space divded argument
+       here>
+       ~nqk <space>
+       <divded>
+       <argument
+       here>
+---
+name: IFS-subst-4-5
+description:
+       extended testsuite based on problem by mikeserv
+stdin:
+       pfn() { for s_arg in "$@"; do print -r -- "<$s_arg>"; done; }
+       a='space divded  argument
+       here'
+       IFS=\ ; set -- $a; IFS=,
+       qs="$*"
+       print -nr -- '= qs '; pfn "$qs"
+       print -nr -- '~ qs '; pfn "$*"
+       nqs=$*
+       print -nr -- '=nqs '; pfn "$nqs"
+       print -nr -- '~nqs '; pfn $*
+       qk="$@"
+       print -nr -- '= qk '; pfn "$qk"
+       print -nr -- '~ qk '; pfn "$@"
+       nqk=$@
+       print -nr -- '=nqk '; pfn "$nqk"
+       print -nr -- '~nqk '; pfn $@
+expected-stdout:
+       = qs <space,divded,argument
+       here>
+       ~ qs <space,divded,argument
+       here>
+       =nqs <space,divded,argument
+       here>
+       ~nqs <space>
+       <divded>
+       <argument
+       here>
+       = qk <space divded argument
+       here>
+       ~ qk <space>
+       <divded>
+       <argument
+       here>
+       =nqk <space divded argument
+       here>
+       ~nqk <space>
+       <divded>
+       <argument
+       here>
+---
+name: IFS-subst-4-5p
+description:
+       extended testsuite based on problem by mikeserv
+stdin:
+       pfn() { for s_arg in "$@"; do print -r -- "<$s_arg>"; done; }
+       a='space divded  argument
+       here'
+       IFS=\ ; set -- $a; IFS=,
+       unset v
+       qs=${v:-"$*"}
+       print -nr -- '= qs '; pfn "$qs"
+       print -nr -- '~ qs '; pfn ${v:-"$*"}
+       nqs=${v:-$*}
+       print -nr -- '=nqs '; pfn "$nqs"
+       print -nr -- '~nqs '; pfn ${v:-$*}
+       qk=${v:-"$@"}
+       print -nr -- '= qk '; pfn "$qk"
+       print -nr -- '~ qk '; pfn ${v:-"$@"}
+       nqk=${v:-$@}
+       print -nr -- '=nqk '; pfn "$nqk"
+       print -nr -- '~nqk '; pfn ${v:-$@}
+expected-stdout:
+       = qs <space,divded,argument
+       here>
+       ~ qs <space,divded,argument
+       here>
+       =nqs <space,divded,argument
+       here>
+       ~nqs <space>
+       <divded>
+       <argument
+       here>
+       = qk <space divded argument
+       here>
+       ~ qk <space>
+       <divded>
+       <argument
+       here>
+       =nqk <space divded argument
+       here>
+       ~nqk <space>
+       <divded>
+       <argument
+       here>
+---
+name: IFS-subst-5
+description:
+       extended testsuite based on IFS-subst-3
+       differs slightly from ksh93:
+       - omit trailing field in a3zna, a7ina (unquoted $@ expansion)
+       - has extra middle fields in b5ins, b7ina (IFS_NWS unquoted expansion)
+       differs slightly from bash:
+       - omit leading field in a5ins, a7ina (IFS_NWS unquoted expansion)
+       differs slightly from zsh:
+       - differs in assignment, not expansion; probably zsh bug
+       - has extra middle fields in b5ins, b7ina (IFS_NWS unquoted expansion)
+       'emulate sh' zsh has extra fields in
+       - a5ins (IFS_NWS unquoted $*)
+       - b5ins, matching mksh’s
+       !!WARNING!! more to come: http://austingroupbugs.net/view.php?id=888
+stdin:
+       "$__progname" -c 'pfb() { for s_arg in "$@"; do print -r -- "[$s_arg]"; done; }; pfn() { for s_arg in "$@"; do print -r -- "<$s_arg>"; done; };
+               IFS=; set -- "" 2 ""; pfb $*; x=$*; pfn "$x"'
+       echo '=a1zns'
+       "$__progname" -c 'pfb() { for s_arg in "$@"; do print -r -- "[$s_arg]"; done; }; pfn() { for s_arg in "$@"; do print -r -- "<$s_arg>"; done; };
+               IFS=; set -- "" 2 ""; pfb "$*"; x="$*"; pfn "$x"'
+       echo '=a2zqs'
+       "$__progname" -c 'pfb() { for s_arg in "$@"; do print -r -- "[$s_arg]"; done; }; pfn() { for s_arg in "$@"; do print -r -- "<$s_arg>"; done; };
+               IFS=; set -- "" 2 ""; pfb $@; x=$@; pfn "$x"'
+       echo '=a3zna'
+       "$__progname" -c 'pfb() { for s_arg in "$@"; do print -r -- "[$s_arg]"; done; }; pfn() { for s_arg in "$@"; do print -r -- "<$s_arg>"; done; };
+               IFS=; set -- "" 2 ""; pfb "$@"; x="$@"; pfn "$x"'
+       echo '=a4zqa'
+       "$__progname" -c 'pfb() { for s_arg in "$@"; do print -r -- "[$s_arg]"; done; }; pfn() { for s_arg in "$@"; do print -r -- "<$s_arg>"; done; };
+               IFS=,; set -- "" 2 ""; pfb $*; x=$*; pfn "$x"'
+       echo '=a5ins'
+       "$__progname" -c 'pfb() { for s_arg in "$@"; do print -r -- "[$s_arg]"; done; }; pfn() { for s_arg in "$@"; do print -r -- "<$s_arg>"; done; };
+               IFS=,; set -- "" 2 ""; pfb "$*"; x="$*"; pfn "$x"'
+       echo '=a6iqs'
+       "$__progname" -c 'pfb() { for s_arg in "$@"; do print -r -- "[$s_arg]"; done; }; pfn() { for s_arg in "$@"; do print -r -- "<$s_arg>"; done; };
+               IFS=,; set -- "" 2 ""; pfb $@; x=$@; pfn "$x"'
+       echo '=a7ina'
+       "$__progname" -c 'pfb() { for s_arg in "$@"; do print -r -- "[$s_arg]"; done; }; pfn() { for s_arg in "$@"; do print -r -- "<$s_arg>"; done; };
+               IFS=,; set -- "" 2 ""; pfb "$@"; x="$@"; pfn "$x"'
+       echo '=a8iqa'
+       "$__progname" -c 'pfb() { for s_arg in "$@"; do print -r -- "[$s_arg]"; done; }; pfn() { for s_arg in "$@"; do print -r -- "<$s_arg>"; done; };
+               IFS=; set -- A B "" "" C; pfb $*; x=$*; pfn "$x"'
+       echo '=b1zns'
+       "$__progname" -c 'pfb() { for s_arg in "$@"; do print -r -- "[$s_arg]"; done; }; pfn() { for s_arg in "$@"; do print -r -- "<$s_arg>"; done; };
+               IFS=; set -- A B "" "" C; pfb "$*"; x="$*"; pfn "$x"'
+       echo '=b2zqs'
+       "$__progname" -c 'pfb() { for s_arg in "$@"; do print -r -- "[$s_arg]"; done; }; pfn() { for s_arg in "$@"; do print -r -- "<$s_arg>"; done; };
+               IFS=; set -- A B "" "" C; pfb $@; x=$@; pfn "$x"'
+       echo '=b3zna'
+       "$__progname" -c 'pfb() { for s_arg in "$@"; do print -r -- "[$s_arg]"; done; }; pfn() { for s_arg in "$@"; do print -r -- "<$s_arg>"; done; };
+               IFS=; set -- A B "" "" C; pfb "$@"; x="$@"; pfn "$x"'
+       echo '=b4zqa'
+       "$__progname" -c 'pfb() { for s_arg in "$@"; do print -r -- "[$s_arg]"; done; }; pfn() { for s_arg in "$@"; do print -r -- "<$s_arg>"; done; };
+               IFS=,; set -- A B "" "" C; pfb $*; x=$*; pfn "$x"'
+       echo '=b5ins'
+       "$__progname" -c 'pfb() { for s_arg in "$@"; do print -r -- "[$s_arg]"; done; }; pfn() { for s_arg in "$@"; do print -r -- "<$s_arg>"; done; };
+               IFS=,; set -- A B "" "" C; pfb "$*"; x="$*"; pfn "$x"'
+       echo '=b6iqs'
+       "$__progname" -c 'pfb() { for s_arg in "$@"; do print -r -- "[$s_arg]"; done; }; pfn() { for s_arg in "$@"; do print -r -- "<$s_arg>"; done; };
+               IFS=,; set -- A B "" "" C; pfb $@; x=$@; pfn "$x"'
+       echo '=b7ina'
+       "$__progname" -c 'pfb() { for s_arg in "$@"; do print -r -- "[$s_arg]"; done; }; pfn() { for s_arg in "$@"; do print -r -- "<$s_arg>"; done; };
+               IFS=,; set -- A B "" "" C; pfb "$@"; x="$@"; pfn "$x"'
+       echo '=b8iqa'
+expected-stdout:
+       [2]
+       <2>
+       =a1zns
+       [2]
+       <2>
+       =a2zqs
+       [2]
+       < 2 >
+       =a3zna
+       []
+       [2]
+       []
+       < 2 >
+       =a4zqa
+       [2]
+       <,2,>
+       =a5ins
+       [,2,]
+       <,2,>
+       =a6iqs
+       [2]
+       < 2 >
+       =a7ina
+       []
+       [2]
+       []
+       < 2 >
+       =a8iqa
+       [A]
+       [B]
+       [C]
+       <ABC>
+       =b1zns
+       [ABC]
+       <ABC>
+       =b2zqs
+       [A]
+       [B]
+       [C]
+       <A B   C>
+       =b3zna
+       [A]
+       [B]
+       []
+       []
+       [C]
+       <A B   C>
+       =b4zqa
+       [A]
+       [B]
+       []
+       []
+       [C]
+       <A,B,,,C>
+       =b5ins
+       [A,B,,,C]
+       <A,B,,,C>
+       =b6iqs
+       [A]
+       [B]
+       []
+       []
+       [C]
+       <A B   C>
+       =b7ina
+       [A]
+       [B]
+       []
+       []
+       [C]
+       <A B   C>
+       =b8iqa
+---
+name: IFS-subst-6
+description:
+       Regression wrt. vector expansion in trim
+stdin:
+       showargs() { for s_arg in "$@"; do echo -n "<$s_arg> "; done; echo .; }
+       IFS=
+       x=abc
+       set -- a b
+       showargs ${x#$*}
+expected-stdout:
+       <c> .
+---
+name: IFS-subst-7
+description:
+       ksh93 bug wrt. vector expansion in trim
+stdin:
+       showargs() { for s_arg in "$@"; do echo -n "<$s_arg> "; done; echo .; }
+       IFS="*"
+       a=abcd
+       set -- '' c
+       showargs "$*" ${a##"$*"}
+expected-stdout:
+       <*c> <abcd> .
+---
+name: IFS-subst-8
+description:
+       http://austingroupbugs.net/view.php?id=221
+stdin:
+       n() { echo "$#"; }; n "${foo-$@}"
+expected-stdout:
+       1
+---
+name: IFS-subst-9
+description:
+       Scalar context for $*/$@ in [[ and case
+stdin:
+       "$__progname" -c 'IFS=; set a b; [[ $* = "$1$2" ]]; echo 1 $?' sh a b
+       "$__progname" -c 'IFS=; [[ $* = ab ]]; echo 2 "$?"' sh a b
+       "$__progname" -c 'IFS=; [[ "$*" = ab ]]; echo 3 "$?"' sh a b
+       "$__progname" -c 'IFS=; [[ $* = a ]]; echo 4 "$?"' sh a b
+       "$__progname" -c 'IFS=; [[ "$*" = a ]]; echo 5 "$?"' sh a b
+       "$__progname" -c 'IFS=; [[ "$@" = a ]]; echo 6 "$?"' sh a b
+       "$__progname" -c 'IFS=; case "$@" in a) echo 7 a;; ab) echo 7 b;; a\ b) echo 7 ok;; esac' sh a b
+       "$__progname" -c 'IFS=; case $* in a) echo 8 a;; ab) echo 8 ok;; esac' sh a b
+       "$__progname" -c 'pfsp() { for s_arg in "$@"; do print -nr -- "<$s_arg> "; done; print .; }; IFS=; star=$* at="$@"; pfsp 9 "$star" "$at"' sh a b
+expected-stdout:
+       1 0
+       2 0
+       3 0
+       4 1
+       5 1
+       6 1
+       7 ok
+       8 ok
+       <9> <ab> <a b> .
+---
+name: IFS-arith-1
+description:
+       http://austingroupbugs.net/view.php?id=832
+stdin:
+       ${ZSH_VERSION+false} || emulate sh
+       ${BASH_VERSION+set -o posix}
+       showargs() { for s_arg in "$@"; do echo -n "<$s_arg> "; done; echo .; }
+       IFS=0
+       showargs $((1230456))
+expected-stdout:
+       <123> <456> .
+---
+name: integer-base-err-1
+description:
+       Can't have 0 base (causes shell to exit)
+expected-exit: e != 0
+stdin:
+       typeset -i i
+       i=3
+       i=0#4
+       echo $i
+expected-stderr-pattern:
+       /^.*:.*0#4.*\n$/
+---
+name: integer-base-err-2
+description:
+       Can't have multiple bases in a 'constant' (causes shell to exit)
+       (ksh88 fails this test)
+expected-exit: e != 0
+stdin:
+       typeset -i i
+       i=3
+       i=2#110#11
+       echo $i
+expected-stderr-pattern:
+       /^.*:.*2#110#11.*\n$/
+---
+name: integer-base-err-3
+description:
+       Syntax errors in expressions and effects on bases
+       (interactive so errors don't cause exits)
+       (ksh88 fails this test - shell exits, even with -i)
+need-ctty: yes
+arguments: !-i!
+stdin:
+       PS1= # minimise prompt hassles
+       typeset -i4 a=10
+       typeset -i a=2+
+       echo $a
+       typeset -i4 a=10
+       typeset -i2 a=2+
+       echo $a
+expected-stderr-pattern:
+       /^([#\$] )?.*:.*2+.*\n.*:.*2+.*\n$/
+expected-stdout:
+       4#22
+       4#22
+---
+name: integer-base-err-4
+description:
+       Are invalid digits (according to base) errors?
+       (ksh93 fails this test)
+expected-exit: e != 0
+stdin:
+       typeset -i i;
+       i=3#4
+expected-stderr-pattern:
+       /^([#\$] )?.*:.*3#4.*\n$/
+---
+name: integer-base-1
+description:
+       Missing number after base is treated as 0.
+stdin:
+       typeset -i i
+       i=3
+       i=2#
+       echo $i
+expected-stdout:
+       0
+---
+name: integer-base-2
+description:
+       Check 'stickyness' of base in various situations
+stdin:
+       typeset -i i=8
+       echo $i
+       echo ---------- A
+       typeset -i4 j=8
+       echo $j
+       echo ---------- B
+       typeset -i k=8
+       typeset -i4 k=8
+       echo $k
+       echo ---------- C
+       typeset -i4 l
+       l=3#10
+       echo $l
+       echo ---------- D
+       typeset -i m
+       m=3#10
+       echo $m
+       echo ---------- E
+       n=2#11
+       typeset -i n
+       echo $n
+       n=10
+       echo $n
+       echo ---------- F
+       typeset -i8 o=12
+       typeset -i4 o
+       echo $o
+       echo ---------- G
+       typeset -i p
+       let p=8#12
+       echo $p
+expected-stdout:
+       8
+       ---------- A
+       4#20
+       ---------- B
+       4#20
+       ---------- C
+       4#3
+       ---------- D
+       3#10
+       ---------- E
+       2#11
+       2#1010
+       ---------- F
+       4#30
+       ---------- G
+       8#12
+---
+name: integer-base-3
+description:
+       More base parsing (hmm doesn't test much..)
+stdin:
+       typeset -i aa
+       aa=1+12#10+2
+       echo $aa
+       typeset -i bb
+       bb=1+$aa
+       echo $bb
+       typeset -i bb
+       bb=$aa
+       echo $bb
+       typeset -i cc
+       cc=$aa
+       echo $cc
+expected-stdout:
+       15
+       16
+       15
+       15
+---
+name: integer-base-4
+description:
+       Check that things not declared as integers are not made integers,
+       also, check if base is not reset by -i with no arguments.
+       (ksh93 fails - prints 10#20 - go figure)
+stdin:
+       xx=20
+       let xx=10
+       typeset -i | grep '^xx='
+       typeset -i4 a=10
+       typeset -i a=20
+       echo $a
+expected-stdout:
+       4#110
+---
+name: integer-base-5
+description:
+       More base stuff
+stdin:
+       typeset -i4 a=3#10
+       echo $a
+       echo --
+       typeset -i j=3
+       j='~3'
+       echo $j
+       echo --
+       typeset -i k=1
+       x[k=k+1]=3
+       echo $k
+       echo --
+       typeset -i l
+       for l in 1 2+3 4; do echo $l; done
+expected-stdout:
+       4#3
+       --
+       -4
+       --
+       2
+       --
+       1
+       5
+       4
+---
+name: integer-base-6
+description:
+       Even more base stuff
+       (ksh93 fails this test - prints 0)
+stdin:
+       typeset -i7 i
+       i=
+       echo $i
+expected-stdout:
+       7#0
+---
+name: integer-base-7
+description:
+       Check that non-integer parameters don't get bases assigned
+stdin:
+       echo $(( zz = 8#100 ))
+       echo $zz
+expected-stdout:
+       64
+       64
+---
+name: integer-base-8
+description:
+       Check that base-36 works (full span)
+stdin:
+       echo 1:$((36#109AZ)).
+       typeset -i36 x=1691675
+       echo 2:$x.
+       typeset -Uui36 x
+       echo 3:$x.
+expected-stdout:
+       1:1691675.
+       2:36#109az.
+       3:36#109AZ.
+---
+name: integer-base-check-flat
+description:
+       Check behaviour does not match POSuX (except if set -o posix),
+       because a not type-safe scripting language has *no* business
+       interpreting the string "010" as octal numer eight (dangerous).
+stdin:
+       echo 1 "$("$__progname" -c 'echo :$((10))/$((010)),$((0x10)):')" .
+       echo 2 "$("$__progname" -o posix -c 'echo :$((10))/$((010)),$((0x10)):')" .
+       echo 3 "$("$__progname" -o sh -c 'echo :$((10))/$((010)),$((0x10)):')" .
+expected-stdout:
+       1 :10/10,16: .
+       2 :10/8,16: .
+       3 :10/10,16: .
+---
+name: integer-base-check-numeric-from
+description:
+       Check behaviour for base one to 36, and that 37 degrades to 10
+stdin:
+       echo 1:$((1#1))0.
+       i=1
+       while (( ++i <= 37 )); do
+               eval 'echo '$i':$(('$i'#10)).'
+       done
+       echo 37:$($__progname -c 'echo $((37#10))').$?:
+expected-stdout:
+       1:490.
+       2:2.
+       3:3.
+       4:4.
+       5:5.
+       6:6.
+       7:7.
+       8:8.
+       9:9.
+       10:10.
+       11:11.
+       12:12.
+       13:13.
+       14:14.
+       15:15.
+       16:16.
+       17:17.
+       18:18.
+       19:19.
+       20:20.
+       21:21.
+       22:22.
+       23:23.
+       24:24.
+       25:25.
+       26:26.
+       27:27.
+       28:28.
+       29:29.
+       30:30.
+       31:31.
+       32:32.
+       33:33.
+       34:34.
+       35:35.
+       36:36.
+       37:10.
+       37:10.0:
+---
+name: integer-base-check-numeric-to
+description:
+       Check behaviour for base one to 36, and that 37 degrades to 10
+stdin:
+       i=0
+       while (( ++i <= 37 )); do
+               typeset -Uui$i x=0x40
+               eval "typeset -i10 y=$x"
+               print $i:$x.$y.
+       done
+expected-stdout:
+       1:1#@.64.
+       2:2#1000000.64.
+       3:3#2101.64.
+       4:4#1000.64.
+       5:5#224.64.
+       6:6#144.64.
+       7:7#121.64.
+       8:8#100.64.
+       9:9#71.64.
+       10:64.64.
+       11:11#59.64.
+       12:12#54.64.
+       13:13#4C.64.
+       14:14#48.64.
+       15:15#44.64.
+       16:16#40.64.
+       17:17#3D.64.
+       18:18#3A.64.
+       19:19#37.64.
+       20:20#34.64.
+       21:21#31.64.
+       22:22#2K.64.
+       23:23#2I.64.
+       24:24#2G.64.
+       25:25#2E.64.
+       26:26#2C.64.
+       27:27#2A.64.
+       28:28#28.64.
+       29:29#26.64.
+       30:30#24.64.
+       31:31#22.64.
+       32:32#20.64.
+       33:33#1V.64.
+       34:34#1U.64.
+       35:35#1T.64.
+       36:36#1S.64.
+       37:64.64.
+---
+name: integer-arithmetic-span
+description:
+       Check wraparound and size that is defined in mksh
+category: int:32
+stdin:
+       echo s:$((2147483647+1)).$(((2147483647*2)+1)).$(((2147483647*2)+2)).
+       echo u:$((#2147483647+1)).$((#(2147483647*2)+1)).$((#(2147483647*2)+2)).
+expected-stdout:
+       s:-2147483648.-1.0.
+       u:2147483648.4294967295.0.
+---
+name: integer-arithmetic-span-64
+description:
+       Check wraparound and size that is defined in mksh
+category: int:64
+stdin:
+       echo s:$((9223372036854775807+1)).$(((9223372036854775807*2)+1)).$(((9223372036854775807*2)+2)).
+       echo u:$((#9223372036854775807+1)).$((#(9223372036854775807*2)+1)).$((#(9223372036854775807*2)+2)).
+expected-stdout:
+       s:-9223372036854775808.-1.0.
+       u:9223372036854775808.18446744073709551615.0.
+---
+name: integer-size-FAIL-to-detect
+description:
+       Notify the user that their ints are not 32 or 64 bit
+category: int:u
+stdin:
+       :
+---
+name: lineno-stdin
+description:
+       See if $LINENO is updated and can be modified.
+stdin:
+       echo A $LINENO
+       echo B $LINENO
+       LINENO=20
+       echo C $LINENO
+expected-stdout:
+       A 1
+       B 2
+       C 20
+---
+name: lineno-inc
+description:
+       See if $LINENO is set for .'d files.
+file-setup: file 644 "dotfile"
+       echo dot A $LINENO
+       echo dot B $LINENO
+       LINENO=20
+       echo dot C $LINENO
+stdin:
+       echo A $LINENO
+       echo B $LINENO
+       . ./dotfile
+expected-stdout:
+       A 1
+       B 2
+       dot A 1
+       dot B 2
+       dot C 20
+---
+name: lineno-func
+description:
+       See if $LINENO is set for commands in a function.
+stdin:
+       echo A $LINENO
+       echo B $LINENO
+       bar() {
+           echo func A $LINENO
+           echo func B $LINENO
+       }
+       bar
+       echo C $LINENO
+expected-stdout:
+       A 1
+       B 2
+       func A 4
+       func B 5
+       C 8
+---
+name: lineno-unset
+description:
+       See if unsetting LINENO makes it non-magic.
+file-setup: file 644 "dotfile"
+       echo dot A $LINENO
+       echo dot B $LINENO
+stdin:
+       unset LINENO
+       echo A $LINENO
+       echo B $LINENO
+       bar() {
+           echo func A $LINENO
+           echo func B $LINENO
+       }
+       bar
+       . ./dotfile
+       echo C $LINENO
+expected-stdout:
+       A
+       B
+       func A
+       func B
+       dot A
+       dot B
+       C
+---
+name: lineno-unset-use
+description:
+       See if unsetting LINENO makes it non-magic even
+       when it is re-used.
+file-setup: file 644 "dotfile"
+       echo dot A $LINENO
+       echo dot B $LINENO
+stdin:
+       unset LINENO
+       LINENO=3
+       echo A $LINENO
+       echo B $LINENO
+       bar() {
+           echo func A $LINENO
+           echo func B $LINENO
+       }
+       bar
+       . ./dotfile
+       echo C $LINENO
+expected-stdout:
+       A 3
+       B 3
+       func A 3
+       func B 3
+       dot A 3
+       dot B 3
+       C 3
+---
+name: lineno-trap
+description:
+       Check if LINENO is tracked in traps
+stdin:
+       fail() {
+               echo "line <$1>"
+               exit 1
+       }
+       trap 'fail $LINENO' INT ERR
+       false
+expected-stdout:
+       line <6>
+expected-exit: 1
+---
+name: unknown-trap
+description:
+       Ensure unknown traps are not a syntax error
+stdin:
+       (
+       trap "echo trap 1 executed" UNKNOWNSIGNAL || echo "foo"
+       echo =1
+       trap "echo trap 2 executed" UNKNOWNSIGNAL EXIT 999999 FNORD
+       echo = $?
+       ) 2>&1 | sed "s\ 1^${__progname%.exe}\.*e*x*e*: <stdin>\[[0-9]*]\ 1PROG\ 1"
+expected-stdout:
+       PROG: trap: bad signal 'UNKNOWNSIGNAL'
+       foo
+       =1
+       PROG: trap: bad signal 'UNKNOWNSIGNAL'
+       PROG: trap: bad signal '999999'
+       PROG: trap: bad signal 'FNORD'
+       = 1
+       trap 2 executed
+---
+name: read-IFS-1
+description:
+       Simple test, default IFS
+stdin:
+       echo "A B " > IN
+       unset x y z
+       read x y z < IN
+       echo 1: "x[$x] y[$y] z[$z]"
+       echo 1a: ${z-z not set}
+       read x < IN
+       echo 2: "x[$x]"
+expected-stdout:
+       1: x[A] y[B] z[]
+       1a:
+       2: x[A B]
+---
+name: read-IFS-2
+description:
+       Complex tests, IFS either colon (IFS-NWS) or backslash (tricky)
+stdin:
+       n=0
+       showargs() { print -nr "$1"; shift; for s_arg in "$@"; do print -nr -- " [$s_arg]"; done; print; }
+       (IFS=\\ a=\<\\\>; showargs 3 $a)
+       (IFS=: b=\<:\>; showargs 4 $b)
+       print -r '<\>' | (IFS=\\ read f g; showargs 5 "$f" "$g")
+       print -r '<\\>' | (IFS=\\ read f g; showargs 6 "$f" "$g")
+       print '<\\\n>' | (IFS=\\ read f g; showargs 7 "$f" "$g")
+       print -r '<\>' | (IFS=\\ read f; showargs 8 "$f")
+       print -r '<\\>' | (IFS=\\ read f; showargs 9 "$f")
+       print '<\\\n>' | (IFS=\\ read f; showargs 10 "$f")
+       print -r '<\>' | (IFS=\\ read -r f g; showargs 11 "$f" "$g")
+       print -r '<\\>' | (IFS=\\ read -r f g; showargs 12 "$f" "$g")
+       print '<\\\n>' | (IFS=\\ read -r f g; showargs 13 "$f" "$g")
+       print -r '<\>' | (IFS=\\ read -r f; showargs 14 "$f")
+       print -r '<\\>' | (IFS=\\ read -r f; showargs 15 "$f")
+       print '<\\\n>' | (IFS=\\ read -r f; showargs 16 "$f")
+       print -r '<:>' | (IFS=: read f g; showargs 17 "$f" "$g")
+       print -r '<::>' | (IFS=: read f g; showargs 18 "$f" "$g")
+       print '<:\n>' | (IFS=: read f g; showargs 19 "$f" "$g")
+       print -r '<:>' | (IFS=: read f; showargs 20 "$f")
+       print -r '<::>' | (IFS=: read f; showargs 21 "$f")
+       print '<:\n>' | (IFS=: read f; showargs 22 "$f")
+       print -r '<:>' | (IFS=: read -r f g; showargs 23 "$f" "$g")
+       print -r '<::>' | (IFS=: read -r f g; showargs 24 "$f" "$g")
+       print '<:\n>' | (IFS=: read -r f g; showargs 25 "$f" "$g")
+       print -r '<:>' | (IFS=: read -r f; showargs 26 "$f")
+       print -r '<::>' | (IFS=: read -r f; showargs 27 "$f")
+       print '<:\n>' | (IFS=: read -r f; showargs 28 "$f")
+expected-stdout:
+       3 [<] [>]
+       4 [<] [>]
+       5 [<] [>]
+       6 [<] [>]
+       7 [<>] []
+       8 [<>]
+       9 [<\>]
+       10 [<>]
+       11 [<] [>]
+       12 [<] [\>]
+       13 [<] []
+       14 [<\>]
+       15 [<\\>]
+       16 [<]
+       17 [<] [>]
+       18 [<] [:>]
+       19 [<] []
+       20 [<:>]
+       21 [<::>]
+       22 [<]
+       23 [<] [>]
+       24 [<] [:>]
+       25 [<] []
+       26 [<:>]
+       27 [<::>]
+       28 [<]
+---
+name: read-ksh-1
+description:
+       If no var specified, REPLY is used
+stdin:
+       echo "abc" > IN
+       read < IN
+       echo "[$REPLY]";
+expected-stdout:
+       [abc]
+---
+name: read-regress-1
+description:
+       Check a regression of read
+file-setup: file 644 "foo"
+       foo bar
+       baz
+       blah
+stdin:
+       while read a b c; do
+               read d
+               break
+       done <foo
+       echo "<$a|$b|$c><$d>"
+expected-stdout:
+       <foo|bar|><baz>
+---
+name: read-delim-1
+description:
+       Check read with delimiters
+stdin:
+       emit() {
+               print -n 'foo bar\tbaz\nblah \0blub\tblech\nmyok meck \0'
+       }
+       emit | while IFS= read -d "" foo; do print -r -- "<$foo>"; done
+       emit | while read -d "" foo; do print -r -- "<$foo>"; done
+       emit | while read -d "eh?" foo; do print -r -- "<$foo>"; done
+expected-stdout:
+       <foo bar        baz
+       blah >
+       <blub   blech
+       myok meck >
+       <foo bar        baz
+       blah>
+       <blub   blech
+       myok meck>
+       <foo bar        baz
+       blah blub       bl>
+       <ch
+       myok m>
+---
+name: read-ext-1
+description:
+       Check read with number of bytes specified, and -A
+stdin:
+       print 'foo\nbar' >x1
+       print -n x >x2
+       print 'foo\\ bar baz' >x3
+       x1a=u; read x1a <x1
+       x1b=u; read -N-1 x1b <x1
+       x2a=u; read x2a <x2; r2a=$?
+       x2b=u; read -N2 x2c <x2; r2b=$?
+       x2c=u; read -n2 x2c <x2; r2c=$?
+       x3a=u; read -A x3a <x3
+       print -r "x1a=<$x1a>"
+       print -r "x1b=<$x1b>"
+       print -r "x2a=$r2a<$x2a>"
+       print -r "x2b=$r2b<$x2b>"
+       print -r "x2c=$r2c<$x2c>"
+       print -r "x3a=<${x3a[0]}|${x3a[1]}|${x3a[2]}>"
+expected-stdout:
+       x1a=<foo>
+       x1b=<foo
+       bar>
+       x2a=1<x>
+       x2b=1<u>
+       x2c=0<x>
+       x3a=<foo bar|baz|>
+---
+name: regression-1
+description:
+       Lex array code had problems with this.
+stdin:
+       echo foo[
+       n=bar
+       echo "hi[ $n ]=1"
+expected-stdout:
+       foo[
+       hi[ bar ]=1
+---
+name: regression-2
+description:
+       When PATH is set before running a command, the new path is
+       not used in doing the path search
+               $ echo echo hi > /tmp/q ; chmod a+rx /tmp/q
+               $ PATH=/tmp q
+               q: not found
+               $
+       in comexec() the two lines
+               while (*vp != NULL)
+                       (void) typeset(*vp++, xxx, 0);
+       need to be moved out of the switch to before findcom() is
+       called - I don't know what this will break.
+stdin:
+       : "${PWD:-`pwd 2> /dev/null`}"
+       : "${PWD:?"PWD not set - cannot do test"}"
+       mkdir Y
+       cat > Y/xxxscript << EOF
+       #!/bin/sh
+       # Need to restore path so echo can be found (some shells don't have
+       # it as a built-in)
+       PATH=\$OLDPATH
+       echo hi
+       exit 0
+       EOF
+       chmod a+rx Y/xxxscript
+       export OLDPATH="$PATH"
+       PATH=$PWD/Y xxxscript
+       exit $?
+expected-stdout:
+       hi
+---
+name: regression-6
+description:
+       Parsing of $(..) expressions is non-optimal.  It is
+       impossible to have any parentheses inside the expression.
+       I.e.,
+               $ ksh -c 'echo $(echo \( )'
+               no closing quote
+               $ ksh -c 'echo $(echo "(" )'
+               no closing quote
+               $
+       The solution is to hack the parsing clode in lex.c, the
+       question is how to hack it: should any parentheses be
+       escaped by a backslash, or should recursive parsing be done
+       (so quotes could also be used to hide hem).  The former is
+       easier, the later better...
+stdin:
+       echo $(echo \( )
+       echo $(echo "(" )
+expected-stdout:
+       (
+       (
+---
+name: regression-9
+description:
+       Continue in a for loop does not work right:
+               for i in a b c ; do
+                       if [ $i = b ] ; then
+                               continue
+                       fi
+                       echo $i
+               done
+       Prints a forever...
+stdin:
+       first=yes
+       for i in a b c ; do
+               if [ $i = b ] ; then
+                       if [ $first = no ] ; then
+                               echo 'continue in for loop broken'
+                               break   # hope break isn't broken too :-)
+                       fi
+                       first=no
+                       continue
+               fi
+       done
+       echo bye
+expected-stdout:
+       bye
+---
+name: regression-10
+description:
+       The following:
+               set -- `false`
+               echo $?
+       should print 0 according to POSIX (dash, bash, ksh93, posh)
+       but not 0 according to the getopt(1) manual page, ksh88, and
+       Bourne sh (such as /bin/sh on Solaris).
+       We honour POSIX except when -o sh is set.
+category: shell:legacy-no
+stdin:
+       showf() {
+               [[ -o posix ]]; FPOSIX=$((1-$?))
+               [[ -o sh ]]; FSH=$((1-$?))
+               echo -n "FPOSIX=$FPOSIX FSH=$FSH "
+       }
+       set +o posix +o sh
+       showf
+       set -- `false`
+       echo rv=$?
+       set -o sh
+       showf
+       set -- `false`
+       echo rv=$?
+       set -o posix
+       showf
+       set -- `false`
+       echo rv=$?
+       set -o posix -o sh
+       showf
+       set -- `false`
+       echo rv=$?
+expected-stdout:
+       FPOSIX=0 FSH=0 rv=0
+       FPOSIX=0 FSH=1 rv=1
+       FPOSIX=1 FSH=0 rv=0
+       FPOSIX=1 FSH=1 rv=0
+---
+name: regression-10-legacy
+description:
+       The following:
+               set -- `false`
+               echo $?
+       should print 0 according to POSIX (dash, bash, ksh93, posh)
+       but not 0 according to the getopt(1) manual page, ksh88, and
+       Bourne sh (such as /bin/sh on Solaris).
+category: shell:legacy-yes
+stdin:
+       showf() {
+               [[ -o posix ]]; FPOSIX=$((1-$?))
+               [[ -o sh ]]; FSH=$((1-$?))
+               echo -n "FPOSIX=$FPOSIX FSH=$FSH "
+       }
+       set +o posix +o sh
+       showf
+       set -- `false`
+       echo rv=$?
+       set -o sh
+       showf
+       set -- `false`
+       echo rv=$?
+       set -o posix
+       showf
+       set -- `false`
+       echo rv=$?
+       set -o posix -o sh
+       showf
+       set -- `false`
+       echo rv=$?
+expected-stdout:
+       FPOSIX=0 FSH=0 rv=1
+       FPOSIX=0 FSH=1 rv=1
+       FPOSIX=1 FSH=0 rv=0
+       FPOSIX=1 FSH=1 rv=0
+---
+name: regression-11
+description:
+       The following:
+               x=/foo/bar/blah
+               echo ${x##*/}
+       should echo blah but on some machines echos /foo/bar/blah.
+stdin:
+       x=/foo/bar/blah
+       echo ${x##*/}
+expected-stdout:
+       blah
+---
+name: regression-12
+description:
+       Both of the following echos produce the same output under sh/ksh.att:
+               #!/bin/sh
+               x="foo  bar"
+               echo "`echo \"$x\"`"
+               echo "`echo "$x"`"
+       pdksh produces different output for the former (foo instead of foo\tbar)
+stdin:
+       x="foo  bar"
+       echo "`echo \"$x\"`"
+       echo "`echo "$x"`"
+expected-stdout:
+       foo     bar
+       foo     bar
+---
+name: regression-13
+description:
+       The following command hangs forever:
+               $ (: ; cat /etc/termcap) | sleep 2
+       This is because the shell forks a shell to run the (..) command
+       and this shell has the pipe open.  When the sleep dies, the cat
+       doesn't get a SIGPIPE 'cause a process (ie, the second shell)
+       still has the pipe open.
+       
+       NOTE: this test provokes a bizarre bug in ksh93 (shell starts reading
+             commands from /etc/termcap..)
+time-limit: 10
+stdin:
+       echo A line of text that will be duplicated quite a number of times.> t1
+       cat t1 t1 t1 t1  t1 t1 t1 t1  t1 t1 t1 t1  t1 t1 t1 t1  > t2
+       cat t2 t2 t2 t2  t2 t2 t2 t2  t2 t2 t2 t2  t2 t2 t2 t2  > t1
+       cat t1 t1 t1 t1 > t2
+       (: ; cat t2 2>/dev/null) | sleep 1
+---
+name: regression-14
+description:
+       The command
+               $ (foobar) 2> /dev/null
+       generates no output under /bin/sh, but pdksh produces the error
+               foobar: not found
+       Also, the command
+               $ foobar 2> /dev/null
+       generates an error under /bin/sh and pdksh, but AT&T ksh88 produces
+       no error (redirected to /dev/null).
+stdin:
+       (you/should/not/see/this/error/1) 2> /dev/null
+       you/should/not/see/this/error/2 2> /dev/null
+       true
+---
+name: regression-15
+description:
+       The command
+               $ whence foobar
+       generates a blank line under pdksh and sets the exit status to 0.
+       AT&T ksh88 generates no output and sets the exit status to 1.  Also,
+       the command
+               $ whence foobar cat
+       generates no output under AT&T ksh88 (pdksh generates a blank line
+       and /bin/cat).
+stdin:
+       whence does/not/exist > /dev/null
+       echo 1: $?
+       echo 2: $(whence does/not/exist | wc -l)
+       echo 3: $(whence does/not/exist cat | wc -l)
+expected-stdout:
+       1: 1
+       2: 0
+       3: 0
+---
+name: regression-16
+description:
+       ${var%%expr} seems to be broken in many places.  On the mips
+       the commands
+               $ read line < /etc/passwd
+               $ echo $line
+               root:0:1:...
+               $ echo ${line%%:*}
+               root
+               $ echo $line
+               root
+               $
+       change the value of line.  On sun4s & pas, the echo ${line%%:*} doesn't
+       work.  Haven't checked elsewhere...
+script:
+       read x
+       y=$x
+       echo ${x%%:*}
+       echo $x
+stdin:
+       root:asdjhasdasjhs:0:1:Root:/:/bin/sh
+expected-stdout:
+       root
+       root:asdjhasdasjhs:0:1:Root:/:/bin/sh
+---
+name: regression-17
+description:
+       The command
+               . /foo/bar
+       should set the exit status to non-zero (sh and AT&T ksh88 do).
+       XXX doting a non existent file is a fatal error for a script
+stdin:
+       . does/not/exist
+expected-exit: e != 0
+expected-stderr-pattern: /.?/
+---
+name: regression-19
+description:
+       Both of the following echos should produce the same thing, but don't:
+               $ x=foo/bar
+               $ echo ${x%/*}
+               foo
+               $ echo "${x%/*}"
+               foo/bar
+stdin:
+       x=foo/bar
+       echo "${x%/*}"
+expected-stdout:
+       foo
+---
+name: regression-21
+description:
+       backslash does not work as expected in case labels:
+       $ x='-x'
+       $ case $x in
+       -\?) echo hi
+       esac
+       hi
+       $ x='-?'
+       $ case $x in
+       -\\?) echo hi
+       esac
+       hi
+       $
+stdin:
+       case -x in
+       -\?)    echo fail
+       esac
+---
+name: regression-22
+description:
+       Quoting backquotes inside backquotes doesn't work:
+       $ echo `echo hi \`echo there\` folks`
+       asks for more info.  sh and AT&T ksh88 both echo
+       hi there folks
+stdin:
+       echo `echo hi \`echo there\` folks`
+expected-stdout:
+       hi there folks
+---
+name: regression-23
+description:
+       )) is not treated `correctly':
+           $ (echo hi ; (echo there ; echo folks))
+           missing ((
+           $
+       instead of (as sh and ksh.att)
+           $ (echo hi ; (echo there ; echo folks))
+           hi
+           there
+           folks
+           $
+stdin:
+       ( : ; ( : ; echo hi))
+expected-stdout:
+       hi
+---
+name: regression-25
+description:
+       Check reading stdin in a while loop.  The read should only read
+       a single line, not a whole stdio buffer; the cat should get
+       the rest.
+stdin:
+       (echo a; echo b) | while read x ; do
+           echo $x
+           cat > /dev/null
+       done
+expected-stdout:
+       a
+---
+name: regression-26
+description:
+       Check reading stdin in a while loop.  The read should read both
+       lines, not just the first.
+script:
+       a=
+       while [ "$a" != xxx ] ; do
+           last=$x
+           read x
+           cat /dev/null | sed 's/x/y/'
+           a=x$a
+       done
+       echo $last
+stdin:
+       a
+       b
+expected-stdout:
+       b
+---
+name: regression-27
+description:
+       The command
+               . /does/not/exist
+       should cause a script to exit.
+stdin:
+       . does/not/exist
+       echo hi
+expected-exit: e != 0
+expected-stderr-pattern: /does\/not\/exist/
+---
+name: regression-28
+description:
+       variable assignements not detected well
+stdin:
+       a.x=1 echo hi
+expected-exit: e != 0
+expected-stderr-pattern: /a\.x=1/
+---
+name: regression-29
+description:
+       alias expansion different from AT&T ksh88
+stdin:
+       alias a='for ' b='i in'
+       a b hi ; do echo $i ; done
+expected-stdout:
+       hi
+---
+name: regression-30
+description:
+       strange characters allowed inside ${...}
+stdin:
+       echo ${a{b}}
+expected-exit: e != 0
+expected-stderr-pattern: /.?/
+---
+name: regression-31
+description:
+       Does read handle partial lines correctly
+script:
+       a= ret=
+       while [ "$a" != xxx ] ; do
+           read x y z
+           ret=$?
+           a=x$a
+       done
+       echo "[$x]"
+       echo $ret
+stdin: !
+       a A aA
+       b B Bb
+       c
+expected-stdout:
+       [c]
+       1
+---
+name: regression-32
+description:
+       Does read set variables to null at eof?
+script:
+       a=
+       while [ "$a" != xxx ] ; do
+           read x y z
+           a=x$a
+       done
+       echo 1: ${x-x not set} ${y-y not set} ${z-z not set}
+       echo 2: ${x:+x not null} ${y:+y not null} ${z:+z not null}
+stdin:
+       a A Aa
+       b B Bb
+expected-stdout:
+       1:
+       2:
+---
+name: regression-33
+description:
+       Does umask print a leading 0 when umask is 3 digits?
+stdin:
+       # on MiNT, the first umask call seems to fail
+       umask 022
+       # now, the test proper
+       umask 222
+       umask
+expected-stdout:
+       0222
+---
+name: regression-35
+description:
+       Tempory files used for here-docs in functions get trashed after
+       the function is parsed (before it is executed)
+stdin:
+       f1() {
+               cat <<- EOF
+                       F1
+               EOF
+               f2() {
+                       cat <<- EOF
+                               F2
+                       EOF
+               }
+       }
+       f1
+       f2
+       unset -f f1
+       f2
+expected-stdout:
+       F1
+       F2
+       F2
+---
+name: regression-36
+description:
+       Command substitution breaks reading in while loop
+       (test from <sjg@void.zen.oz.au>)
+stdin:
+       (echo abcdef; echo; echo 123) |
+           while read line
+           do
+             # the following line breaks it
+             c=`echo $line | wc -c`
+             echo $c
+           done
+expected-stdout:
+       7
+       1
+       4
+---
+name: regression-37
+description:
+       Machines with broken times() (reported by <sjg@void.zen.oz.au>)
+       time does not report correct real time
+stdin:
+       time sleep 1
+expected-stderr-pattern: !/^\s*0\.0[\s\d]+real|^\s*real[\s]+0+\.0/
+---
+name: regression-38
+description:
+       set -e doesn't ignore exit codes for if/while/until/&&/||/!.
+arguments: !-e!
+stdin:
+       if false; then echo hi ; fi
+       false || true
+       false && true
+       while false; do echo hi; done
+       echo ok
+expected-stdout:
+       ok
+---
+name: regression-39
+description:
+       Only posh and oksh(2013-07) say “hi” below; FreeBSD sh,
+       GNU bash in POSIX mode, dash, ksh93, mksh don’t. All of
+       them exit 0. The POSIX behaviour is needed by BSD make.
+stdin:
+       set -e
+       echo `false; echo hi` $(<this-file-does-not-exist)
+       echo $?
+expected-stdout:
+       
+       0
+expected-stderr-pattern: /this-file-does-not-exist/
+---
+name: regression-40
+description:
+       This used to cause a core dump
+env-setup: !RANDOM=12!
+stdin:
+       echo hi
+expected-stdout:
+       hi
+---
+name: regression-41
+description:
+       foo should be set to bar (should not be empty)
+stdin:
+       foo=`
+       echo bar`
+       echo "($foo)"
+expected-stdout:
+       (bar)
+---
+name: regression-42
+description:
+       Can't use command line assignments to assign readonly parameters.
+stdin:
+       print '#!'"$__progname"'\nunset RANDOM\nexport | while IFS= read -r' \
+           'RANDOM; do eval '\''print -r -- "$RANDOM=$'\''"$RANDOM"'\'\"\'\; \
+           done >env; chmod +x env; PATH=.$PATHSEP$PATH
+       foo=bar
+       readonly foo
+       foo=stuff env | grep '^foo'
+expected-exit: e != 0
+expected-stderr-pattern:
+       /read-only/
+---
+name: regression-43
+description:
+       Can subshells be prefixed by redirections (historical shells allow
+       this)
+stdin:
+       < /dev/null (sed 's/^/X/')
+---
+name: regression-45
+description:
+       Parameter assignments with [] recognised correctly
+stdin:
+       FOO=*[12]
+       BAR=abc[
+       MORE=[abc]
+       JUNK=a[bc
+       echo "<$FOO>"
+       echo "<$BAR>"
+       echo "<$MORE>"
+       echo "<$JUNK>"
+expected-stdout:
+       <*[12]>
+       <abc[>
+       <[abc]>
+       <a[bc>
+---
+name: regression-46
+description:
+       Check that alias expansion works in command substitutions and
+       at the end of file.
+stdin:
+       alias x='echo hi'
+       FOO="`x` "
+       echo "[$FOO]"
+       x
+expected-stdout:
+       [hi ]
+       hi
+---
+name: regression-47
+description:
+       Check that aliases are fully read.
+stdin:
+       alias x='echo hi;
+       echo there'
+       x
+       echo done
+expected-stdout:
+       hi
+       there
+       done
+---
+name: regression-48
+description:
+       Check that (here doc) temp files are not left behind after an exec.
+stdin:
+       mkdir foo || exit 1
+       TMPDIR=$PWD/foo "$__progname" <<- 'EOF'
+               x() {
+                       sed 's/^/X /' << E_O_F
+                       hi
+                       there
+                       folks
+                       E_O_F
+                       echo "done ($?)"
+               }
+               echo=echo; [ -x /bin/echo ] && echo=/bin/echo
+               exec $echo subtest-1 hi
+       EOF
+       echo subtest-1 foo/*
+       TMPDIR=$PWD/foo "$__progname" <<- 'EOF'
+               echo=echo; [ -x /bin/echo ] && echo=/bin/echo
+               sed 's/^/X /' << E_O_F; exec $echo subtest-2 hi
+               a
+               few
+               lines
+               E_O_F
+       EOF
+       echo subtest-2 foo/*
+expected-stdout:
+       subtest-1 hi
+       subtest-1 foo/*
+       X a
+       X few
+       X lines
+       subtest-2 hi
+       subtest-2 foo/*
+---
+name: regression-49
+description:
+       Check that unset params with attributes are reported by set, those
+       sans attributes are not.
+stdin:
+       unset FOO BAR
+       echo X$FOO
+       export BAR
+       typeset -i BLAH
+       set | grep FOO
+       set | grep BAR
+       set | grep BLAH
+expected-stdout:
+       X
+       BAR
+       BLAH
+---
+name: regression-50
+description:
+       Check that aliases do not use continuation prompt after trailing
+       semi-colon.
+file-setup: file 644 "envf"
+       PS1=Y
+       PS2=X
+env-setup: !ENV=./envf!
+need-ctty: yes
+arguments: !-i!
+stdin:
+       alias foo='echo hi ; '
+       foo
+       foo echo there
+expected-stdout:
+       hi
+       hi
+       there
+expected-stderr: !
+       YYYY
+---
+name: regression-51
+description:
+       Check that set allows both +o and -o options on same command line.
+stdin:
+       set a b c
+       set -o noglob +o allexport
+       echo A: $*, *
+expected-stdout:
+       A: a b c, *
+---
+name: regression-52
+description:
+       Check that globbing works in pipelined commands
+file-setup: file 644 "envf"
+       PS1=P
+file-setup: file 644 "abc"
+       stuff
+env-setup: !ENV=./envf!
+need-ctty: yes
+arguments: !-i!
+stdin:
+       sed 's/^/X /' < ab*
+       echo mark 1
+       sed 's/^/X /' < ab* | sed 's/^/Y /'
+       echo mark 2
+expected-stdout:
+       X stuff
+       mark 1
+       Y X stuff
+       mark 2
+expected-stderr: !
+       PPPPP
+---
+name: regression-53
+description:
+       Check that getopts works in functions
+stdin:
+       bfunc() {
+           echo bfunc: enter "(args: $*; OPTIND=$OPTIND)"
+           while getopts B oc; do
+               case $oc in
+                 (B)
+                   echo bfunc: B option
+                   ;;
+                 (*)
+                   echo bfunc: odd option "($oc)"
+                   ;;
+               esac
+           done
+           echo bfunc: leave
+       }
+       
+       function kfunc {
+           echo kfunc: enter "(args: $*; OPTIND=$OPTIND)"
+           while getopts K oc; do
+               case $oc in
+                 (K)
+                   echo kfunc: K option
+                   ;;
+                 (*)
+                   echo bfunc: odd option "($oc)"
+                   ;;
+               esac
+           done
+           echo kfunc: leave
+       }
+       
+       set -- -f -b -k -l
+       echo "line 1: OPTIND=$OPTIND"
+       getopts kbfl optc
+       echo "line 2: ret=$?, optc=$optc, OPTIND=$OPTIND"
+       bfunc -BBB blah
+       echo "line 3: OPTIND=$OPTIND"
+       getopts kbfl optc
+       echo "line 4: ret=$?, optc=$optc, OPTIND=$OPTIND"
+       kfunc -KKK blah
+       echo "line 5: OPTIND=$OPTIND"
+       getopts kbfl optc
+       echo "line 6: ret=$?, optc=$optc, OPTIND=$OPTIND"
+       echo
+       
+       OPTIND=1
+       set -- -fbkl
+       echo "line 10: OPTIND=$OPTIND"
+       getopts kbfl optc
+       echo "line 20: ret=$?, optc=$optc, OPTIND=$OPTIND"
+       bfunc -BBB blah
+       echo "line 30: OPTIND=$OPTIND"
+       getopts kbfl optc
+       echo "line 40: ret=$?, optc=$optc, OPTIND=$OPTIND"
+       kfunc -KKK blah
+       echo "line 50: OPTIND=$OPTIND"
+       getopts kbfl optc
+       echo "line 60: ret=$?, optc=$optc, OPTIND=$OPTIND"
+expected-stdout:
+       line 1: OPTIND=1
+       line 2: ret=0, optc=f, OPTIND=2
+       bfunc: enter (args: -BBB blah; OPTIND=2)
+       bfunc: B option
+       bfunc: B option
+       bfunc: leave
+       line 3: OPTIND=2
+       line 4: ret=0, optc=b, OPTIND=3
+       kfunc: enter (args: -KKK blah; OPTIND=1)
+       kfunc: K option
+       kfunc: K option
+       kfunc: K option
+       kfunc: leave
+       line 5: OPTIND=3
+       line 6: ret=0, optc=k, OPTIND=4
+       
+       line 10: OPTIND=1
+       line 20: ret=0, optc=f, OPTIND=2
+       bfunc: enter (args: -BBB blah; OPTIND=2)
+       bfunc: B option
+       bfunc: B option
+       bfunc: leave
+       line 30: OPTIND=2
+       line 40: ret=1, optc=?, OPTIND=2
+       kfunc: enter (args: -KKK blah; OPTIND=1)
+       kfunc: K option
+       kfunc: K option
+       kfunc: K option
+       kfunc: leave
+       line 50: OPTIND=2
+       line 60: ret=1, optc=?, OPTIND=2
+---
+name: regression-54
+description:
+       Check that ; is not required before the then in if (( ... )) then ...
+stdin:
+       if (( 1 )) then
+           echo ok dparen
+       fi
+       if [[ -n 1 ]] then
+           echo ok dbrackets
+       fi
+expected-stdout:
+       ok dparen
+       ok dbrackets
+---
+name: regression-55
+description:
+       Check ${foo:%bar} is allowed (ksh88 allows it...)
+stdin:
+       x=fooXbarXblah
+       echo 1 ${x%X*}
+       echo 2 ${x:%X*}
+       echo 3 ${x%%X*}
+       echo 4 ${x:%%X*}
+       echo 5 ${x#*X}
+       echo 6 ${x:#*X}
+       echo 7 ${x##*X}
+       echo 8 ${x:##*X}
+expected-stdout:
+       1 fooXbar
+       2 fooXbar
+       3 foo
+       4 foo
+       5 barXblah
+       6 barXblah
+       7 blah
+       8 blah
+---
+name: regression-57
+description:
+       Check if typeset output is correct for
+       uninitialised array elements.
+stdin:
+       typeset -i xxx[4]
+       echo A
+       typeset -i | grep xxx | sed 's/^/    /'
+       echo B
+       typeset | grep xxx | sed 's/^/    /'
+       
+       xxx[1]=2+5
+       echo M
+       typeset -i | grep xxx | sed 's/^/    /'
+       echo N
+       typeset | grep xxx | sed 's/^/    /'
+expected-stdout:
+       A
+           xxx
+       B
+           typeset -i xxx
+       M
+           xxx[1]=7
+       N
+           set -A xxx
+           typeset -i xxx[1]
+---
+name: regression-58
+description:
+       Check if trap exit is ok (exit not mistaken for signal name)
+stdin:
+       trap 'echo hi' exit
+       trap exit 1
+expected-stdout:
+       hi
+---
+name: regression-59
+description:
+       Check if ${#array[*]} is calculated correctly.
+stdin:
+       a[12]=hi
+       a[8]=there
+       echo ${#a[*]}
+expected-stdout:
+       2
+---
+name: regression-60
+description:
+       Check if default exit status is previous command
+stdin:
+       (true; exit)
+       echo A $?
+       (false; exit)
+       echo B $?
+       ( (exit 103) ; exit)
+       echo C $?
+expected-stdout:
+       A 0
+       B 1
+       C 103
+---
+name: regression-61
+description:
+       Check if EXIT trap is executed for sub shells.
+stdin:
+       trap 'echo parent exit' EXIT
+       echo start
+       (echo A; echo A last)
+       echo B
+       (echo C; trap 'echo sub exit' EXIT; echo C last)
+       echo parent last
+expected-stdout:
+       start
+       A
+       A last
+       B
+       C
+       C last
+       sub exit
+       parent last
+       parent exit
+---
+name: regression-62
+description:
+       Check if test -nt/-ot succeeds if second(first) file is missing.
+stdin:
+       touch a
+       test a -nt b && echo nt OK || echo nt BAD
+       test b -ot a && echo ot OK || echo ot BAD
+expected-stdout:
+       nt OK
+       ot OK
+---
+name: regression-63
+description:
+       Check if typeset, export, and readonly work
+stdin:
+       {
+               echo FNORD-0
+               FNORD_A=1
+               FNORD_B=2
+               FNORD_C=3
+               FNORD_D=4
+               FNORD_E=5
+               FNORD_F=6
+               FNORD_G=7
+               FNORD_H=8
+               integer FNORD_E FNORD_F FNORD_G FNORD_H
+               export FNORD_C FNORD_D FNORD_G FNORD_H
+               readonly FNORD_B FNORD_D FNORD_F FNORD_H
+               echo FNORD-1
+               export
+               echo FNORD-2
+               export -p
+               echo FNORD-3
+               readonly
+               echo FNORD-4
+               readonly -p
+               echo FNORD-5
+               typeset
+               echo FNORD-6
+               typeset -p
+               echo FNORD-7
+               typeset -
+               echo FNORD-8
+       } | fgrep FNORD
+       fnord=(42 23)
+       typeset -p fnord
+       echo FNORD-9
+expected-stdout:
+       FNORD-0
+       FNORD-1
+       FNORD_C
+       FNORD_D
+       FNORD_G
+       FNORD_H
+       FNORD-2
+       export FNORD_C=3
+       export FNORD_D=4
+       export FNORD_G=7
+       export FNORD_H=8
+       FNORD-3
+       FNORD_B
+       FNORD_D
+       FNORD_F
+       FNORD_H
+       FNORD-4
+       readonly FNORD_B=2
+       readonly FNORD_D=4
+       readonly FNORD_F=6
+       readonly FNORD_H=8
+       FNORD-5
+       typeset FNORD_A
+       typeset -r FNORD_B
+       typeset -x FNORD_C
+       typeset -x -r FNORD_D
+       typeset -i FNORD_E
+       typeset -i -r FNORD_F
+       typeset -i -x FNORD_G
+       typeset -i -x -r FNORD_H
+       FNORD-6
+       typeset FNORD_A=1
+       typeset -r FNORD_B=2
+       typeset -x FNORD_C=3
+       typeset -x -r FNORD_D=4
+       typeset -i FNORD_E=5
+       typeset -i -r FNORD_F=6
+       typeset -i -x FNORD_G=7
+       typeset -i -x -r FNORD_H=8
+       FNORD-7
+       FNORD_A=1
+       FNORD_B=2
+       FNORD_C=3
+       FNORD_D=4
+       FNORD_E=5
+       FNORD_F=6
+       FNORD_G=7
+       FNORD_H=8
+       FNORD-8
+       set -A fnord
+       typeset fnord[0]=42
+       typeset fnord[1]=23
+       FNORD-9
+---
+name: regression-64
+description:
+       Check that we can redefine functions calling time builtin
+stdin:
+       t() {
+               time >/dev/null
+       }
+       t 2>/dev/null
+       t() {
+               time
+       }
+---
+name: regression-65
+description:
+       check for a regression with sleep builtin and signal mask
+category: !nojsig
+time-limit: 3
+stdin:
+       sleep 1
+       echo blub |&
+       while read -p line; do :; done
+       echo ok
+expected-stdout:
+       ok
+---
+name: regression-66
+description:
+       Check that quoting is sane
+category: !nojsig
+stdin:
+       ac_space=' '
+       ac_newline='
+       '
+       set | grep ^ac_ |&
+       set -A lines
+       while IFS= read -pr line; do
+               if [[ $line = *space* ]]; then
+                       lines[0]=$line
+               else
+                       lines[1]=$line
+               fi
+       done
+       for line in "${lines[@]}"; do
+               print -r -- "$line"
+       done
+expected-stdout:
+       ac_space=' '
+       ac_newline=$'\n'
+---
+name: readonly-0
+description:
+       Ensure readonly is honoured for assignments and unset
+stdin:
+       "$__progname" -c 'u=x; echo $? $u .' || echo aborted, $?
+       echo =
+       "$__progname" -c 'readonly u; u=x; echo $? $u .' || echo aborted, $?
+       echo =
+       "$__progname" -c 'u=x; readonly u; unset u; echo $? $u .' || echo aborted, $?
+expected-stdout:
+       0 x .
+       =
+       aborted, 2
+       =
+       1 x .
+expected-stderr-pattern:
+       /read-only/
+---
+name: readonly-1
+description:
+       http://austingroupbugs.net/view.php?id=367 for export
+stdin:
+       "$__progname" -c 'readonly foo; export foo=a; echo $?' || echo aborted, $?
+expected-stdout:
+       aborted, 2
+expected-stderr-pattern:
+       /read-only/
+---
+name: readonly-2a
+description:
+       Check that getopts works as intended, for readonly-2b to be valid
+stdin:
+       "$__progname" -c 'set -- -a b; getopts a c; echo $? $c .; getopts a c; echo $? $c .' || echo aborted, $?
+expected-stdout:
+       0 a .
+       1 ? .
+---
+name: readonly-2b
+description:
+       http://austingroupbugs.net/view.php?id=367 for getopts
+stdin:
+       "$__progname" -c 'readonly c; set -- -a b; getopts a c; echo $? $c .' || echo aborted, $?
+expected-stdout:
+       2 .
+expected-stderr-pattern:
+       /read-only/
+---
+name: readonly-3
+description:
+       http://austingroupbugs.net/view.php?id=367 for read
+stdin:
+       echo x | "$__progname" -c 'read s; echo $? $s .' || echo aborted, $?
+       echo y | "$__progname" -c 'readonly s; read s; echo $? $s .' || echo aborted, $?
+expected-stdout:
+       0 x .
+       2 .
+expected-stderr-pattern:
+       /read-only/
+---
+name: readonly-4
+description:
+       Do not permit bypassing readonly for first array item
+stdin:
+       set -A arr -- foo bar
+       readonly arr
+       arr=baz
+       print -r -- "${arr[@]}"
+expected-exit: e != 0
+expected-stderr-pattern:
+       /read[ -]?only/
+---
+name: syntax-1
+description:
+       Check that lone ampersand is a syntax error
+stdin:
+        &
+expected-exit: e != 0
+expected-stderr-pattern:
+       /syntax error/
+---
+name: xxx-quoted-newline-1
+description:
+       Check that \<newline> works inside of ${}
+stdin:
+       abc=2
+       echo ${ab\
+       c}
+expected-stdout:
+       2
+---
+name: xxx-quoted-newline-2
+description:
+       Check that \<newline> works at the start of a here document
+stdin:
+       cat << EO\
+       F
+       hi
+       EOF
+expected-stdout:
+       hi
+---
+name: xxx-quoted-newline-3
+description:
+       Check that \<newline> works at the end of a here document
+stdin:
+       cat << EOF
+       hi
+       EO\
+       F
+expected-stdout:
+       hi
+---
+name: xxx-multi-assignment-cmd
+description:
+       Check that assignments in a command affect subsequent assignments
+       in the same command
+stdin:
+       FOO=abc
+       FOO=123 BAR=$FOO
+       echo $BAR
+expected-stdout:
+       123
+---
+name: xxx-multi-assignment-posix-cmd
+description:
+       Check that the behaviour for multiple assignments with a
+       command name matches POSIX. See:
+       http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.comp.standards.posix.austin.general/1925
+stdin:
+       X=a Y=b; X=$Y Y=$X "$__progname" -c 'echo 1 $X $Y .'; echo 2 $X $Y .
+       unset X Y Z
+       X=a Y=${X=b} Z=$X "$__progname" -c 'echo 3 $Z .'
+       unset X Y Z
+       X=a Y=${X=b} Z=$X; echo 4 $Z .
+expected-stdout:
+       1 b a .
+       2 a b .
+       3 b .
+       4 a .
+---
+name: xxx-multi-assignment-posix-nocmd
+description:
+       Check that the behaviour for multiple assignments with no
+       command name matches POSIX (Debian #334182). See:
+       http://thread.gmane.org/gmane.comp.standards.posix.austin.general/1925
+stdin:
+       X=a Y=b; X=$Y Y=$X; echo 1 $X $Y .
+expected-stdout:
+       1 b b .
+---
+name: xxx-multi-assignment-posix-subassign
+description:
+       Check that the behaviour for multiple assignments matches POSIX:
+       - The assignment words shall be expanded in the current execution
+         environment.
+       - The assignments happen in the temporary execution environment.
+stdin:
+       unset X Y Z
+       Z=a Y=${X:=b} sh -c 'echo +$X+ +$Y+ +$Z+'
+       echo /$X/
+       # Now for the special case:
+       unset X Y Z
+       X= Y=${X:=b} sh -c 'echo +$X+ +$Y+'
+       echo /$X/
+expected-stdout:
+       ++ +b+ +a+
+       /b/
+       ++ +b+
+       /b/
+---
+name: xxx-exec-environment-1
+description:
+       Check to see if exec sets it's environment correctly
+stdin:
+       print '#!'"$__progname"'\nunset RANDOM\nexport | while IFS= read -r' \
+           'RANDOM; do eval '\''print -r -- "$RANDOM=$'\''"$RANDOM"'\'\"\'\; \
+           done >env; chmod +x env; PATH=.$PATHSEP$PATH
+       FOO=bar exec env
+expected-stdout-pattern:
+       /(^|.*\n)FOO=bar\n/
+---
+name: xxx-exec-environment-2
+description:
+       Check to make sure exec doesn't change environment if a program
+       isn't exec-ed
+stdin:
+       print '#!'"$__progname"'\nunset RANDOM\nexport | while IFS= read -r' \
+           'RANDOM; do eval '\''print -r -- "$RANDOM=$'\''"$RANDOM"'\'\"\'\; \
+           done >env; chmod +x env; PATH=.$PATHSEP$PATH
+       env >bar1
+       FOO=bar exec; env >bar2
+       cmp -s bar1 bar2
+---
+name: exec-function-environment-1
+description:
+       Check assignments in function calls and whether they affect
+       the current execution environment (ksh93, SUSv4)
+stdin:
+       f() { a=2; }; g() { b=3; echo y$c-; }; a=1 f; b=2; c=1 g
+       echo x$a-$b- z$c-
+expected-stdout:
+       y1-
+       x2-3- z1-
+---
+name: xxx-what-do-you-call-this-1
+stdin:
+       echo "${foo:-"a"}*"
+expected-stdout:
+       a*
+---
+name: xxx-prefix-strip-1
+stdin:
+       foo='a cdef'
+       echo ${foo#a c}
+expected-stdout:
+       def
+---
+name: xxx-prefix-strip-2
+stdin:
+       set a c
+       x='a cdef'
+       echo ${x#$*}
+expected-stdout:
+       def
+---
+name: xxx-variable-syntax-1
+stdin:
+       echo ${:}
+expected-stderr-pattern:
+       /bad substitution/
+expected-exit: 1
+---
+name: xxx-variable-syntax-2
+stdin:
+       set 0
+       echo ${*:0}
+expected-stderr-pattern:
+       /bad substitution/
+expected-exit: 1
+---
+name: xxx-variable-syntax-3
+stdin:
+       set -A foo 0
+       echo ${foo[*]:0}
+expected-stderr-pattern:
+       /bad substitution/
+expected-exit: 1
+---
+name: xxx-variable-syntax-4
+description:
+       Not all kinds of trims are currently impossible, check those who do
+stdin:
+       foo() {
+               echo "<$*> X${*:+ }X"
+       }
+       foo a b
+       foo "" c
+       foo ""
+       foo "" ""
+       IFS=:
+       foo a b
+       foo "" c
+       foo ""
+       foo "" ""
+       IFS=
+       foo a b
+       foo "" c
+       foo ""
+       foo "" ""
+expected-stdout:
+       <a b> X X
+       < c> X X
+       <> XX
+       < > X X
+       <a:b> X X
+       <:c> X X
+       <> XX
+       <:> X X
+       <ab> X X
+       <c> X X
+       <> XX
+       <> XX
+---
+name: xxx-substitution-eval-order
+description:
+       Check order of evaluation of expressions
+stdin:
+       i=1 x= y=
+       set -A A abc def GHI j G k
+       echo ${A[x=(i+=1)]#${A[y=(i+=2)]}}
+       echo $x $y
+expected-stdout:
+       HI
+       2 4
+---
+name: xxx-set-option-1
+description:
+       Check option parsing in set
+stdin:
+       set -vsA foo -- A 1 3 2
+       echo ${foo[*]}
+expected-stderr:
+       echo ${foo[*]}
+expected-stdout:
+       1 2 3 A
+---
+name: xxx-exec-1
+description:
+       Check that exec exits for built-ins
+need-ctty: yes
+arguments: !-i!
+stdin:
+       exec echo hi
+       echo still herre
+expected-stdout:
+       hi
+expected-stderr-pattern: /.*/
+---
+name: xxx-while-1
+description:
+       Check the return value of while loops
+       XXX need to do same for for/select/until loops
+stdin:
+       i=x
+       while [ $i != xxx ] ; do
+           i=x$i
+           if [ $i = xxx ] ; then
+               false
+               continue
+           fi
+       done
+       echo loop1=$?
+       
+       i=x
+       while [ $i != xxx ] ; do
+           i=x$i
+           if [ $i = xxx ] ; then
+               false
+               break
+           fi
+       done
+       echo loop2=$?
+       
+       i=x
+       while [ $i != xxx ] ; do
+           i=x$i
+           false
+       done
+       echo loop3=$?
+expected-stdout:
+       loop1=0
+       loop2=0
+       loop3=1
+---
+name: xxx-status-1
+description:
+       Check that blank lines don't clear $?
+need-ctty: yes
+arguments: !-i!
+stdin:
+       (exit 1)
+       echo $?
+       (exit 1)
+       
+       echo $?
+       true
+expected-stdout:
+       1
+       1
+expected-stderr-pattern: /.*/
+---
+name: xxx-status-2
+description:
+       Check that $? is preserved in subshells, includes, traps.
+stdin:
+       (exit 1)
+       
+       echo blank: $?
+       
+       (exit 2)
+       (echo subshell: $?)
+       
+       echo 'echo include: $?' > foo
+       (exit 3)
+       . ./foo
+       
+       trap 'echo trap: $?' ERR
+       (exit 4)
+       echo exit: $?
+expected-stdout:
+       blank: 1
+       subshell: 2
+       include: 3
+       trap: 4
+       exit: 4
+---
+name: xxx-clean-chars-1
+description:
+       Check MAGIC character is stuffed correctly
+stdin:
+       echo `echo [£`
+expected-stdout:
+       [£
+---
+name: xxx-param-subst-qmark-1
+description:
+       Check suppresion of error message with null string.  According to
+       POSIX, it shouldn't print the error as 'word' isn't ommitted.
+       ksh88/93, Solaris /bin/sh and /usr/xpg4/bin/sh all print the error.
+stdin:
+       unset foo
+       x=
+       echo x${foo?$x}
+expected-exit: 1
+expected-stderr-pattern: !/not set/
+---
+name: xxx-param-subst-qmark-namespec
+description:
+       Check special names are output correctly
+stdin:
+       doit() {
+               "$__progname" -c "$@" >o1 2>o2
+               rv=$?
+               echo RETVAL: $rv
+               sed -e "s\ 1^${__progname%.exe}\.*e*x*e*: \ 1PROG: \ 1" -e 's/^/STDOUT: /g' <o1
+               sed -e "s\ 1^${__progname%.exe}\.*e*x*e*: \ 1PROG: \ 1" -e 's/^/STDERR: /g' <o2
+       }
+       doit 'echo ${1x}'
+       doit 'echo "${1x}"'
+       doit 'echo ${1?}'
+       doit 'echo ${19?}'
+       doit 'echo ${!:?}'
+       doit -u 'echo ${*:?}' foo ""
+expected-stdout:
+       RETVAL: 1
+       STDERR: PROG: ${1x}: bad substitution
+       RETVAL: 1
+       STDERR: PROG: ${1x}: bad substitution
+       RETVAL: 1
+       STDERR: PROG: 1: parameter null or not set
+       RETVAL: 1
+       STDERR: PROG: 19: parameter null or not set
+       RETVAL: 1
+       STDERR: PROG: !: parameter null or not set
+       RETVAL: 1
+       STDERR: foo: ${*:?}: bad substitution
+---
+name: xxx-param-_-1
+# fails due to weirdness of execv stuff
+category: !os:uwin-nt
+description:
+       Check c flag is set.
+arguments: !-c!echo "[$-]"!
+expected-stdout-pattern: /^\[.*c.*\]$/
+---
+name: tilde-expand-1
+description:
+       Check tilde expansion after equal signs
+env-setup: !HOME=/sweet!
+stdin:
+       echo ${A=a=}~ b=~ c=d~ ~
+       export e=~ f=d~
+       command command export g=~ h=d~
+       echo ". $e . $f ."
+       echo ". $g . $h ."
+       set -o posix
+       unset A e f g h
+       echo ${A=a=}~ b=~ c=d~ ~
+       export e=~ f=d~
+       command command export g=~ h=d~
+       echo ". $e . $f ."
+       echo ". $g . $h ."
+expected-stdout:
+       a=/sweet b=/sweet c=d~ /sweet
+       . /sweet . d~ .
+       . /sweet . d~ .
+       a=~ b=~ c=d~ /sweet
+       . /sweet . d~ .
+       . /sweet . d~ .
+---
+name: tilde-expand-2
+description:
+       Check tilde expansion works
+env-setup: !HOME=/sweet!
+stdin:
+       wd=$PWD
+       cd /
+       plus=$(print -r -- ~+)
+       minus=$(print -r -- ~-)
+       nix=$(print -r -- ~)
+       [[ $plus = / ]]; echo one $? .
+       [[ $minus = "$wd" ]]; echo two $? .
+       [[ $nix = /sweet ]]; echo nix $? .
+expected-stdout:
+       one 0 .
+       two 0 .
+       nix 0 .
+---
+name: exit-err-1
+description:
+       Check some "exit on error" conditions
+stdin:
+       print '#!'"$__progname"'\nexec "$1"' >env
+       print '#!'"$__progname"'\nexit 1' >false
+       chmod +x env false
+       PATH=.$PATHSEP$PATH
+       set -ex
+       env false && echo something
+       echo END
+expected-stdout:
+       END
+expected-stderr:
+       + env false
+       + echo END
+---
+name: exit-err-2
+description:
+       Check some "exit on error" edge conditions (POSIXly)
+stdin:
+       print '#!'"$__progname"'\nexec "$1"' >env
+       print '#!'"$__progname"'\nexit 1' >false
+       print '#!'"$__progname"'\nexit 0' >true
+       chmod +x env false
+       PATH=.$PATHSEP$PATH
+       set -ex
+       if env true; then
+               env false && echo something
+       fi
+       echo END
+expected-stdout:
+       END
+expected-stderr:
+       + env true
+       + env false
+       + echo END
+---
+name: exit-err-3
+description:
+       pdksh regression which AT&T ksh does right
+       TFM says: [set] -e | errexit
+               Exit (after executing the ERR trap) ...
+stdin:
+       trap 'echo EXIT' EXIT
+       trap 'echo ERR' ERR
+       set -e
+       cd /XXXXX 2>/dev/null
+       echo DONE
+       exit 0
+expected-stdout:
+       ERR
+       EXIT
+expected-exit: e != 0
+---
+name: exit-err-4
+description:
+       "set -e" test suite (POSIX)
+stdin:
+       set -e
+       echo pre
+       if true ; then
+               false && echo foo
+       fi
+       echo bar
+expected-stdout:
+       pre
+       bar
+---
+name: exit-err-5
+description:
+       "set -e" test suite (POSIX)
+stdin:
+       set -e
+       foo() {
+               while [ "$1" ]; do
+                       for E in $x; do
+                               [ "$1" = "$E" ] && { shift ; continue 2 ; }
+                       done
+                       x="$x $1"
+                       shift
+               done
+               echo $x
+       }
+       echo pre
+       foo a b b c
+       echo post
+expected-stdout:
+       pre
+       a b c
+       post
+---
+name: exit-err-6
+description:
+       "set -e" test suite (BSD make)
+category: os:mirbsd
+stdin:
+       mkdir zd zd/a zd/b
+       print 'all:\n\t@echo eins\n\t@exit 42\n' >zd/a/Makefile
+       print 'all:\n\t@echo zwei\n' >zd/b/Makefile
+       wd=$(pwd)
+       set -e
+       for entry in a b; do (  set -e;  if [[ -d $wd/zd/$entry.i386 ]]; then  _newdir_="$entry.i386";  else  _newdir_="$entry";  fi;  if [[ -z $_THISDIR_ ]]; then  _nextdir_="$_newdir_";  else  _nextdir_="$_THISDIR_/$_newdir_";  fi;  _makefile_spec_=;  [[ ! -f $wd/zd/$_newdir_/Makefile.bsd-wrapper ]]  || _makefile_spec_="-f Makefile.bsd-wrapper";  subskipdir=;  for skipdir in ; do  subentry=${skipdir#$entry};  if [[ $subentry != $skipdir ]]; then  if [[ -z $subentry ]]; then  echo "($_nextdir_ skipped)";  break;  fi;  subskipdir="$subskipdir ${subentry#/}";  fi;  done;  if [[ -z $skipdir || -n $subentry ]]; then  echo "===> $_nextdir_";  cd $wd/zd/$_newdir_;  make SKIPDIR="$subskipdir" $_makefile_spec_  _THISDIR_="$_nextdir_"   all;  fi;  ) done 2>&1 | sed "s!$wd!WD!g"
+expected-stdout:
+       ===> a
+       eins
+       *** Error code 42
+       
+       Stop in WD/zd/a (line 2 of Makefile).
+---
+name: exit-err-7
+description:
+       "set -e" regression (LP#1104543)
+stdin:
+       set -e
+       bla() {
+               [ -x $PWD/nonexistant ] && $PWD/nonexistant
+       }
+       echo x
+       bla
+       echo y$?
+expected-stdout:
+       x
+expected-exit: 1
+---
+name: exit-err-8
+description:
+       "set -e" regression (Debian #700526)
+stdin:
+       set -e
+       _db_cmd() { return $1; }
+       db_input() { _db_cmd 30; }
+       db_go() { _db_cmd 0; }
+       db_input || :
+       db_go
+       exit 0
+---
+name: exit-enoent-1
+description:
+       SUSv4 says that the shell should exit with 126/127 in some situations
+stdin:
+       i=0
+       (echo; echo :) >x
+       "$__progname" ./x >/dev/null 2>&1; r=$?; echo $((i++)) $r .
+       "$__progname" -c ./x >/dev/null 2>&1; r=$?; echo $((i++)) $r .
+       echo exit 42 >x
+       "$__progname" ./x >/dev/null 2>&1; r=$?; echo $((i++)) $r .
+       "$__progname" -c ./x >/dev/null 2>&1; r=$?; echo $((i++)) $r .
+       rm -f x
+       "$__progname" ./x >/dev/null 2>&1; r=$?; echo $((i++)) $r .
+       "$__progname" -c ./x >/dev/null 2>&1; r=$?; echo $((i++)) $r .
+expected-stdout:
+       0 0 .
+       1 126 .
+       2 42 .
+       3 126 .
+       4 127 .
+       5 127 .
+---
+name: exit-eval-1
+description:
+       Check eval vs substitution exit codes (ksh93 alike)
+stdin:
+       (exit 12)
+       eval $(false)
+       echo A $?
+       (exit 12)
+       eval ' $(false)'
+       echo B $?
+       (exit 12)
+       eval " $(false)"
+       echo C $?
+       (exit 12)
+       eval "eval $(false)"
+       echo D $?
+       (exit 12)
+       eval 'eval '"$(false)"
+       echo E $?
+       IFS="$IFS:"
+       (exit 12)
+       eval $(echo :; false)
+       echo F $?
+       echo -n "G "
+       (exit 12)
+       eval 'echo $?'
+       echo H $?
+expected-stdout:
+       A 0
+       B 1
+       C 0
+       D 0
+       E 0
+       F 0
+       G 12
+       H 0
+---
+name: exit-trap-1
+description:
+       Check that "exit" with no arguments behaves SUSv4 conformant.
+stdin:
+       trap 'echo hi; exit' EXIT
+       exit 9
+expected-stdout:
+       hi
+expected-exit: 9
+---
+name: exit-trap-2
+description:
+       Check that ERR and EXIT traps are run just like ksh93 does.
+       GNU bash does not run ERtrap in ±e eval-undef but runs it
+       twice (bug?) in +e eval-false, so does ksh93 (bug?), which
+       also has a bug to continue execution (echoing "and out" and
+       returning 0) in +e eval-undef.
+file-setup: file 644 "x"
+       v=; unset v
+       trap 'echo EXtrap' EXIT
+       trap 'echo ERtrap' ERR
+       set $1
+       echo "and run $2"
+       eval $2
+       echo and out
+file-setup: file 644 "xt"
+       v=; unset v
+       trap 'echo EXtrap' EXIT
+       trap 'echo ERtrap' ERR
+       set $1
+       echo 'and run true'
+       true
+       echo and out
+file-setup: file 644 "xf"
+       v=; unset v
+       trap 'echo EXtrap' EXIT
+       trap 'echo ERtrap' ERR
+       set $1
+       echo 'and run false'
+       false
+       echo and out
+file-setup: file 644 "xu"
+       v=; unset v
+       trap 'echo EXtrap' EXIT
+       trap 'echo ERtrap' ERR
+       set $1
+       echo 'and run ${v?}'
+       ${v?}
+       echo and out
+stdin:
+       runtest() {
+               rm -f rc
+               (
+                       "$__progname" "$@"
+                       echo $? >rc
+               ) 2>&1 | sed \
+                   -e 's/parameter not set/parameter null or not set/' \
+                   -e 's/[[]6]//' -e 's/: eval: line 1//' -e 's/: line 6//' \
+                   -e "s\ 1^${__progname%.exe}\.*e*x*e*: <stdin>\[[0-9]*]\ 1PROG\ 1"
+       }
+       xe=-e
+       echo : $xe
+       runtest x $xe true
+       echo = eval-true $(<rc) .
+       runtest x $xe false
+       echo = eval-false $(<rc) .
+       runtest x $xe '${v?}'
+       echo = eval-undef $(<rc) .
+       runtest xt $xe
+       echo = noeval-true $(<rc) .
+       runtest xf $xe
+       echo = noeval-false $(<rc) .
+       runtest xu $xe
+       echo = noeval-undef $(<rc) .
+       xe=+e
+       echo : $xe
+       runtest x $xe true
+       echo = eval-true $(<rc) .
+       runtest x $xe false
+       echo = eval-false $(<rc) .
+       runtest x $xe '${v?}'
+       echo = eval-undef $(<rc) .
+       runtest xt $xe
+       echo = noeval-true $(<rc) .
+       runtest xf $xe
+       echo = noeval-false $(<rc) .
+       runtest xu $xe
+       echo = noeval-undef $(<rc) .
+expected-stdout:
+       : -e
+       and run true
+       and out
+       EXtrap
+       = eval-true 0 .
+       and run false
+       ERtrap
+       EXtrap
+       = eval-false 1 .
+       and run ${v?}
+       x: v: parameter null or not set
+       ERtrap
+       EXtrap
+       = eval-undef 1 .
+       and run true
+       and out
+       EXtrap
+       = noeval-true 0 .
+       and run false
+       ERtrap
+       EXtrap
+       = noeval-false 1 .
+       and run ${v?}
+       xu: v: parameter null or not set
+       EXtrap
+       = noeval-undef 1 .
+       : +e
+       and run true
+       and out
+       EXtrap
+       = eval-true 0 .
+       and run false
+       ERtrap
+       and out
+       EXtrap
+       = eval-false 0 .
+       and run ${v?}
+       x: v: parameter null or not set
+       ERtrap
+       EXtrap
+       = eval-undef 1 .
+       and run true
+       and out
+       EXtrap
+       = noeval-true 0 .
+       and run false
+       ERtrap
+       and out
+       EXtrap
+       = noeval-false 0 .
+       and run ${v?}
+       xu: v: parameter null or not set
+       EXtrap
+       = noeval-undef 1 .
+---
+name: exit-trap-interactive
+description:
+       Check that interactive shell doesn't exit via EXIT trap on syntax error
+arguments: !-i!
+stdin:
+       trap -- EXIT
+       echo Syntax error <
+       echo 'After error 1'
+       trap 'echo Exit trap' EXIT
+       echo Syntax error <
+       echo 'After error 2'
+       trap 'echo Exit trap' EXIT
+       exit
+       echo 'After exit'
+expected-stdout:
+       After error 1
+       After error 2
+       Exit trap
+expected-stderr-pattern:
+       /syntax error: 'newline' unexpected/
+---
+name: test-stlt-1
+description:
+       Check that test also can handle string1 < string2 etc.
+stdin:
+       test 2005/10/08 '<' 2005/08/21 && echo ja || echo nein
+       test 2005/08/21 \< 2005/10/08 && echo ja || echo nein
+       test 2005/10/08 '>' 2005/08/21 && echo ja || echo nein
+       test 2005/08/21 \> 2005/10/08 && echo ja || echo nein
+expected-stdout:
+       nein
+       ja
+       ja
+       nein
+expected-stderr-pattern: !/unexpected op/
+---
+name: test-precedence-1
+description:
+       Check a weird precedence case (and POSIX echo)
+stdin:
+       test \( -f = -f \)
+       rv=$?
+       echo $rv
+expected-stdout:
+       0
+---
+name: test-option-1
+description:
+       Test the test -o operator
+stdin:
+       runtest() {
+               test -o $1; echo $?
+               [ -o $1 ]; echo $?
+               [[ -o $1 ]]; echo $?
+       }
+       if_test() {
+               test -o $1 -o -o !$1; echo $?
+               [ -o $1 -o -o !$1 ]; echo $?
+               [[ -o $1 || -o !$1 ]]; echo $?
+               test -o ?$1; echo $?
+       }
+       echo 0y $(if_test utf8-mode) =
+       echo 0n $(if_test utf8-hack) =
+       echo 1= $(runtest utf8-hack) =
+       echo 2= $(runtest !utf8-hack) =
+       echo 3= $(runtest ?utf8-hack) =
+       set +U
+       echo 1+ $(runtest utf8-mode) =
+       echo 2+ $(runtest !utf8-mode) =
+       echo 3+ $(runtest ?utf8-mode) =
+       set -U
+       echo 1- $(runtest utf8-mode) =
+       echo 2- $(runtest !utf8-mode) =
+       echo 3- $(runtest ?utf8-mode) =
+       echo = short flags =
+       echo 0y $(if_test -U) =
+       echo 0y $(if_test +U) =
+       echo 0n $(if_test -_) =
+       echo 0n $(if_test -U-) =
+       echo 1= $(runtest -_) =
+       echo 2= $(runtest !-_) =
+       echo 3= $(runtest ?-_) =
+       set +U
+       echo 1+ $(runtest -U) =
+       echo 2+ $(runtest !-U) =
+       echo 3+ $(runtest ?-U) =
+       echo 1+ $(runtest +U) =
+       echo 2+ $(runtest !+U) =
+       echo 3+ $(runtest ?+U) =
+       set -U
+       echo 1- $(runtest -U) =
+       echo 2- $(runtest !-U) =
+       echo 3- $(runtest ?-U) =
+       echo 1- $(runtest +U) =
+       echo 2- $(runtest !+U) =
+       echo 3- $(runtest ?+U) =
+expected-stdout:
+       0y 0 0 0 0 =
+       0n 1 1 1 1 =
+       1= 1 1 1 =
+       2= 1 1 1 =
+       3= 1 1 1 =
+       1+ 1 1 1 =
+       2+ 0 0 0 =
+       3+ 0 0 0 =
+       1- 0 0 0 =
+       2- 1 1 1 =
+       3- 0 0 0 =
+       = short flags =
+       0y 0 0 0 0 =
+       0y 0 0 0 0 =
+       0n 1 1 1 1 =
+       0n 1 1 1 1 =
+       1= 1 1 1 =
+       2= 1 1 1 =
+       3= 1 1 1 =
+       1+ 1 1 1 =
+       2+ 0 0 0 =
+       3+ 0 0 0 =
+       1+ 1 1 1 =
+       2+ 0 0 0 =
+       3+ 0 0 0 =
+       1- 0 0 0 =
+       2- 1 1 1 =
+       3- 0 0 0 =
+       1- 0 0 0 =
+       2- 1 1 1 =
+       3- 0 0 0 =
+---
+name: test-stnze-1
+description:
+       Check that the short form [ $x ] works
+stdin:
+       i=0
+       [ -n $x ]
+       rv=$?; echo $((++i)) $rv
+       [ $x ]
+       rv=$?; echo $((++i)) $rv
+       [ -n "$x" ]
+       rv=$?; echo $((++i)) $rv
+       [ "$x" ]
+       rv=$?; echo $((++i)) $rv
+       x=0
+       [ -n $x ]
+       rv=$?; echo $((++i)) $rv
+       [ $x ]
+       rv=$?; echo $((++i)) $rv
+       [ -n "$x" ]
+       rv=$?; echo $((++i)) $rv
+       [ "$x" ]
+       rv=$?; echo $((++i)) $rv
+       x='1 -a 1 = 2'
+       [ -n $x ]
+       rv=$?; echo $((++i)) $rv
+       [ $x ]
+       rv=$?; echo $((++i)) $rv
+       [ -n "$x" ]
+       rv=$?; echo $((++i)) $rv
+       [ "$x" ]
+       rv=$?; echo $((++i)) $rv
+expected-stdout:
+       1 0
+       2 1
+       3 1
+       4 1
+       5 0
+       6 0
+       7 0
+       8 0
+       9 1
+       10 1
+       11 0
+       12 0
+---
+name: test-stnze-2
+description:
+       Check that the short form [[ $x ]] works (ksh93 extension)
+stdin:
+       i=0
+       [[ -n $x ]]
+       rv=$?; echo $((++i)) $rv
+       [[ $x ]]
+       rv=$?; echo $((++i)) $rv
+       [[ -n "$x" ]]
+       rv=$?; echo $((++i)) $rv
+       [[ "$x" ]]
+       rv=$?; echo $((++i)) $rv
+       x=0
+       [[ -n $x ]]
+       rv=$?; echo $((++i)) $rv
+       [[ $x ]]
+       rv=$?; echo $((++i)) $rv
+       [[ -n "$x" ]]
+       rv=$?; echo $((++i)) $rv
+       [[ "$x" ]]
+       rv=$?; echo $((++i)) $rv
+       x='1 -a 1 = 2'
+       [[ -n $x ]]
+       rv=$?; echo $((++i)) $rv
+       [[ $x ]]
+       rv=$?; echo $((++i)) $rv
+       [[ -n "$x" ]]
+       rv=$?; echo $((++i)) $rv
+       [[ "$x" ]]
+       rv=$?; echo $((++i)) $rv
+expected-stdout:
+       1 1
+       2 1
+       3 1
+       4 1
+       5 0
+       6 0
+       7 0
+       8 0
+       9 0
+       10 0
+       11 0
+       12 0
+---
+name: test-numeq
+description:
+       Check numeric -eq works (R40d regression); spotted by Martijn Dekker
+stdin:
+       tst() {
+               eval "$2"
+               case $? in
+               (0) echo yepp 0 \#"$*" ;;
+               (1) echo nope 1 \#"$*" ;;
+               (2) echo terr 2 \#"$*" ;;
+               (*) echo wtf\? $? \#"$*" ;;
+               esac
+       }
+       tst 1 'test 2 -eq 2'
+       tst 2 'test 2 -eq 2a'
+       tst 3 'test 2 -eq 3'
+       tst 4 'test 2 -ne 2'
+       tst 5 'test 2 -ne 2a'
+       tst 6 'test 2 -ne 3'
+       tst 7 'test \! 2 -eq 2'
+       tst 8 'test \! 2 -eq 2a'
+       tst 9 'test \! 2 -eq 3'
+expected-stdout:
+       yepp 0 #1 test 2 -eq 2
+       terr 2 #2 test 2 -eq 2a
+       nope 1 #3 test 2 -eq 3
+       nope 1 #4 test 2 -ne 2
+       terr 2 #5 test 2 -ne 2a
+       yepp 0 #6 test 2 -ne 3
+       nope 1 #7 test \! 2 -eq 2
+       terr 2 #8 test \! 2 -eq 2a
+       yepp 0 #9 test \! 2 -eq 3
+expected-stderr-pattern:
+       /bad number/
+---
+name: mkshrc-1
+description:
+       Check that ~/.mkshrc works correctly.
+       Part 1: verify user environment is not read (internal)
+stdin:
+       echo x $FNORD
+expected-stdout:
+       x
+---
+name: mkshrc-2a
+description:
+       Check that ~/.mkshrc works correctly.
+       Part 2: verify mkshrc is not read (non-interactive shells)
+file-setup: file 644 ".mkshrc"
+       FNORD=42
+env-setup: !HOME=.!ENV=!
+stdin:
+       echo x $FNORD
+expected-stdout:
+       x
+---
+name: mkshrc-2b
+description:
+       Check that ~/.mkshrc works correctly.
+       Part 2: verify mkshrc can be read (interactive shells)
+file-setup: file 644 ".mkshrc"
+       FNORD=42
+need-ctty: yes
+arguments: !-i!
+env-setup: !HOME=.!ENV=!PS1=!
+stdin:
+       echo x $FNORD
+expected-stdout:
+       x 42
+expected-stderr-pattern:
+       /(# )*/
+---
+name: mkshrc-3
+description:
+       Check that ~/.mkshrc works correctly.
+       Part 3: verify mkshrc can be turned off
+file-setup: file 644 ".mkshrc"
+       FNORD=42
+env-setup: !HOME=.!ENV=nonexistant!
+stdin:
+       echo x $FNORD
+expected-stdout:
+       x
+---
+name: sh-mode-1
+description:
+       Check that sh mode turns braceexpand off
+       and that that works correctly
+stdin:
+       set -o braceexpand
+       set +o sh
+       [[ $(set +o) == *@(-o sh)@(| *) ]] && echo sh || echo nosh
+       [[ $(set +o) == *@(-o braceexpand)@(| *) ]] && echo brex || echo nobrex
+       echo {a,b,c}
+       set +o braceexpand
+       echo {a,b,c}
+       set -o braceexpand
+       echo {a,b,c}
+       set -o sh
+       echo {a,b,c}
+       [[ $(set +o) == *@(-o sh)@(| *) ]] && echo sh || echo nosh
+       [[ $(set +o) == *@(-o braceexpand)@(| *) ]] && echo brex || echo nobrex
+       set -o braceexpand
+       echo {a,b,c}
+       [[ $(set +o) == *@(-o sh)@(| *) ]] && echo sh || echo nosh
+       [[ $(set +o) == *@(-o braceexpand)@(| *) ]] && echo brex || echo nobrex
+expected-stdout:
+       nosh
+       brex
+       a b c
+       {a,b,c}
+       a b c
+       {a,b,c}
+       sh
+       nobrex
+       a b c
+       sh
+       brex
+---
+name: sh-mode-2a
+description:
+       Check that posix or sh mode is *not* automatically turned on
+category: !binsh
+stdin:
+       ln -s "$__progname" ksh || cp "$__progname" ksh
+       ln -s "$__progname" sh || cp "$__progname" sh
+       ln -s "$__progname" ./-ksh || cp "$__progname" ./-ksh
+       ln -s "$__progname" ./-sh || cp "$__progname" ./-sh
+       for shell in {,-}{,k}sh; do
+               print -- $shell $(./$shell +l -c \
+                   '[[ $(set +o) == *"-o "@(sh|posix)@(| *) ]] && echo sh || echo nosh')
+       done
+expected-stdout:
+       sh nosh
+       ksh nosh
+       -sh nosh
+       -ksh nosh
+---
+name: sh-mode-2b
+description:
+       Check that posix or sh mode *is* automatically turned on
+category: binsh
+stdin:
+       ln -s "$__progname" ksh || cp "$__progname" ksh
+       ln -s "$__progname" sh || cp "$__progname" sh
+       ln -s "$__progname" ./-ksh || cp "$__progname" ./-ksh
+       ln -s "$__progname" ./-sh || cp "$__progname" ./-sh
+       for shell in {,-}{,k}sh; do
+               print -- $shell $(./$shell +l -c \
+                   '[[ $(set +o) == *"-o "@(sh|posix)@(| *) ]] && echo sh || echo nosh')
+       done
+expected-stdout:
+       sh sh
+       ksh nosh
+       -sh sh
+       -ksh nosh
+---
+name: pipeline-1
+description:
+       pdksh bug: last command of a pipeline is executed in a
+       subshell - make sure it still is, scripts depend on it
+file-setup: file 644 "abcx"
+file-setup: file 644 "abcy"
+stdin:
+       echo *
+       echo a | while read d; do
+               echo $d
+               echo $d*
+               echo *
+               set -o noglob
+               echo $d*
+               echo *
+       done
+       echo *
+expected-stdout:
+       abcx abcy
+       a
+       abcx abcy
+       abcx abcy
+       a*
+       *
+       abcx abcy
+---
+name: pipeline-2
+description:
+       check that co-processes work with TCOMs, TPIPEs and TPARENs
+category: !nojsig
+stdin:
+       "$__progname" -c 'i=100; echo hi |& while read -p line; do echo "$((i++)) $line"; done'
+       "$__progname" -c 'i=200; echo hi | cat |& while read -p line; do echo "$((i++)) $line"; done'
+       "$__progname" -c 'i=300; (echo hi | cat) |& while read -p line; do echo "$((i++)) $line"; done'
+expected-stdout:
+       100 hi
+       200 hi
+       300 hi
+---
+name: pipeline-3
+description:
+       Check that PIPESTATUS does what it's supposed to
+stdin:
+       echo 1 $PIPESTATUS .
+       echo 2 ${PIPESTATUS[0]} .
+       echo 3 ${PIPESTATUS[1]} .
+       (echo x; exit 12) | (cat; exit 23) | (cat; exit 42)
+       echo 5 $? , $PIPESTATUS , ${PIPESTATUS[0]} , ${PIPESTATUS[1]} , ${PIPESTATUS[2]} , ${PIPESTATUS[3]} .
+       echo 6 ${PIPESTATUS[0]} .
+       set | fgrep PIPESTATUS
+       echo 8 $(set | fgrep PIPESTATUS) .
+expected-stdout:
+       1 0 .
+       2 0 .
+       3 .
+       x
+       5 42 , 12 , 12 , 23 , 42 , .
+       6 0 .
+       PIPESTATUS[0]=0
+       8 PIPESTATUS[0]=0 PIPESTATUS[1]=0 .
+---
+name: pipeline-4
+description:
+       Check that "set -o pipefail" does what it's supposed to
+stdin:
+       echo 1 "$("$__progname" -c '(exit 12) | (exit 23) | (exit 42); echo $?')" .
+       echo 2 "$("$__progname" -c '! (exit 12) | (exit 23) | (exit 42); echo $?')" .
+       echo 3 "$("$__progname" -o pipefail -c '(exit 12) | (exit 23) | (exit 42); echo $?')" .
+       echo 4 "$("$__progname" -o pipefail -c '! (exit 12) | (exit 23) | (exit 42); echo $?')" .
+       echo 5 "$("$__progname" -c '(exit 23) | (exit 42) | :; echo $?')" .
+       echo 6 "$("$__progname" -c '! (exit 23) | (exit 42) | :; echo $?')" .
+       echo 7 "$("$__progname" -o pipefail -c '(exit 23) | (exit 42) | :; echo $?')" .
+       echo 8 "$("$__progname" -o pipefail -c '! (exit 23) | (exit 42) | :; echo $?')" .
+       echo 9 "$("$__progname" -o pipefail -c 'x=$( (exit 23) | (exit 42) | :); echo $?')" .
+expected-stdout:
+       1 42 .
+       2 0 .
+       3 42 .
+       4 0 .
+       5 0 .
+       6 1 .
+       7 42 .
+       8 0 .
+       9 42 .
+---
+name: persist-history-1
+description:
+       Check if persistent history saving works
+category: !no-histfile
+need-ctty: yes
+arguments: !-i!
+env-setup: !ENV=./Env!HISTFILE=hist.file!
+file-setup: file 644 "Env"
+       PS1=X
+stdin:
+       cat hist.file
+expected-stdout-pattern:
+       /cat hist.file/
+expected-stderr-pattern:
+       /^X*$/
+---
+name: typeset-1
+description:
+       Check that global does what typeset is supposed to do
+stdin:
+       set -A arrfoo 65
+       foo() {
+               global -Uui16 arrfoo[*]
+       }
+       echo before ${arrfoo[0]} .
+       foo
+       echo after ${arrfoo[0]} .
+       set -A arrbar 65
+       bar() {
+               echo inside before ${arrbar[0]} .
+               arrbar[0]=97
+               echo inside changed ${arrbar[0]} .
+               global -Uui16 arrbar[*]
+               echo inside typeset ${arrbar[0]} .
+               arrbar[0]=48
+               echo inside changed ${arrbar[0]} .
+       }
+       echo before ${arrbar[0]} .
+       bar
+       echo after ${arrbar[0]} .
+expected-stdout:
+       before 65 .
+       after 16#41 .
+       before 65 .
+       inside before 65 .
+       inside changed 97 .
+       inside typeset 16#61 .
+       inside changed 16#30 .
+       after 16#30 .
+---
+name: typeset-padding-1
+description:
+       Check if left/right justification works as per TFM
+stdin:
+       typeset -L10 ln=0hall0
+       typeset -R10 rn=0hall0
+       typeset -ZL10 lz=0hall0
+       typeset -ZR10 rz=0hall0
+       typeset -Z10 rx=" hallo "
+       echo "<$ln> <$rn> <$lz> <$rz> <$rx>"
+expected-stdout:
+       <0hall0    > <    0hall0> <hall0     > <00000hall0> <0000 hallo>
+---
+name: typeset-padding-2
+description:
+       Check if base-!10 integers are padded right
+stdin:
+       typeset -Uui16 -L9 ln=16#1
+       typeset -Uui16 -R9 rn=16#1
+       typeset -Uui16 -Z9 zn=16#1
+       typeset -L9 ls=16#1
+       typeset -R9 rs=16#1
+       typeset -Z9 zs=16#1
+       echo "<$ln> <$rn> <$zn> <$ls> <$rs> <$zs>"
+expected-stdout:
+       <16#1     > <     16#1> <16#000001> <16#1     > <     16#1> <0000016#1>
+---
+name: utf8bom-1
+description:
+       Check that the UTF-8 Byte Order Mark is ignored as the first
+       multibyte character of the shell input (with -c, from standard
+       input, as file, or as eval argument), but nowhere else
+# breaks on Mac OSX (HFS+ non-standard Unicode canonical decomposition)
+category: !os:darwin
+stdin:
+       mkdir foo
+       print '#!/bin/sh\necho ohne' >foo/fnord
+       print '#!/bin/sh\necho mit' >foo/fnord
+       print 'fnord\nfnord\nfnord\nfnord' >foo/bar
+       print eval \''fnord\nfnord\nfnord\nfnord'\' >foo/zoo
+       set -A anzahl -- foo/*
+       echo got ${#anzahl[*]} files
+       chmod +x foo/*
+       export PATH=$(pwd)/foo$PATHSEP$PATH
+       "$__progname" -c 'fnord'
+       echo =
+       "$__progname" -c 'fnord; fnord; fnord; fnord'
+       echo =
+       "$__progname" foo/bar
+       echo =
+       "$__progname" <foo/bar
+       echo =
+       "$__progname" foo/zoo
+       echo =
+       "$__progname" -c 'echo : $(fnord)'
+       rm -rf foo
+expected-stdout:
+       got 4 files
+       ohne
+       =
+       ohne
+       ohne
+       mit
+       ohne
+       =
+       ohne
+       ohne
+       mit
+       ohne
+       =
+       ohne
+       ohne
+       mit
+       ohne
+       =
+       ohne
+       ohne
+       mit
+       ohne
+       =
+       : ohne
+---
+name: utf8bom-2
+description:
+       Check that we can execute BOM-shebangs (failures not fatal)
+       XXX if the OS can already execute them, we lose
+       note: cygwin execve(2) doesn't return to us with ENOEXEC, we lose
+       note: Ultrix perl5 t4 returns 65280 (exit-code 255) and no text
+       XXX fails when LD_PRELOAD is set with -e and Perl chokes it (ASan)
+need-pass: no
+category: !os:cygwin,!os:msys,!os:ultrix,!os:uwin-nt,!smksh
+env-setup: !FOO=BAR!
+stdin:
+       print '#!'"$__progname"'\nprint "1 a=$ENV{FOO}";' >t1
+       print '#!'"$__progname"'\nprint "2 a=$ENV{FOO}";' >t2
+       print '#!'"$__perlname"'\nprint "3 a=$ENV{FOO}\n";' >t3
+       print '#!'"$__perlname"'\nprint "4 a=$ENV{FOO}\n";' >t4
+       chmod +x t?
+       ./t1
+       ./t2
+       ./t3
+       ./t4
+expected-stdout:
+       1 a=/nonexistant{FOO}
+       2 a=/nonexistant{FOO}
+       3 a=BAR
+       4 a=BAR
+expected-stderr-pattern:
+       /(Unrecognized character .... ignored at \..t4 line 1)*/
+---
+name: utf8opt-1a
+description:
+       Check that the utf8-mode flag is not set at non-interactive startup
+category: !os:hpux
+env-setup: !PS1=!PS2=!LC_CTYPE=en_US.UTF-8!
+stdin:
+       if [[ $- = *U* ]]; then
+               echo is set
+       else
+               echo is not set
+       fi
+expected-stdout:
+       is not set
+---
+name: utf8opt-1b
+description:
+       Check that the utf8-mode flag is not set at non-interactive startup
+category: os:hpux
+env-setup: !PS1=!PS2=!LC_CTYPE=en_US.utf8!
+stdin:
+       if [[ $- = *U* ]]; then
+               echo is set
+       else
+               echo is not set
+       fi
+expected-stdout:
+       is not set
+---
+name: utf8opt-2a
+description:
+       Check that the utf8-mode flag is set at interactive startup.
+       -DMKSH_ASSUME_UTF8=0 => expected failure, please ignore
+       -DMKSH_ASSUME_UTF8=1 => not expected, please investigate
+       -UMKSH_ASSUME_UTF8 => not expected, but if your OS is old,
+        try passing HAVE_SETLOCALE_CTYPE=0 to Build.sh
+need-pass: no
+category: !os:hpux,!os:msys
+need-ctty: yes
+arguments: !-i!
+env-setup: !PS1=!PS2=!LC_CTYPE=en_US.UTF-8!
+stdin:
+       if [[ $- = *U* ]]; then
+               echo is set
+       else
+               echo is not set
+       fi
+expected-stdout:
+       is set
+expected-stderr-pattern:
+       /(# )*/
+---
+name: utf8opt-2b
+description:
+       Check that the utf8-mode flag is set at interactive startup
+       Expected failure if -DMKSH_ASSUME_UTF8=0
+category: os:hpux
+need-ctty: yes
+arguments: !-i!
+env-setup: !PS1=!PS2=!LC_CTYPE=en_US.utf8!
+stdin:
+       if [[ $- = *U* ]]; then
+               echo is set
+       else
+               echo is not set
+       fi
+expected-stdout:
+       is set
+expected-stderr-pattern:
+       /(# )*/
+---
+name: utf8opt-3a
+description:
+       Ensure ±U on the command line is honoured
+       (these two tests may pass falsely depending on CPPFLAGS)
+stdin:
+       export i=0
+       code='if [[ $- = *U* ]]; then echo $i on; else echo $i off; fi'
+       let i++; "$__progname" -U -c "$code"
+       let i++; "$__progname" +U -c "$code"
+       echo $((++i)) done
+expected-stdout:
+       1 on
+       2 off
+       3 done
+---
+name: utf8opt-3b
+description:
+       Ensure ±U on the command line is honoured, interactive shells
+need-ctty: yes
+stdin:
+       export i=0
+       code='if [[ $- = *U* ]]; then echo $i on; else echo $i off; fi'
+       let i++; "$__progname" -U -ic "$code"
+       let i++; "$__progname" +U -ic "$code"
+       echo $((++i)) done
+expected-stdout:
+       1 on
+       2 off
+       3 done
+---
+name: aliases-1
+description:
+       Check if built-in shell aliases are okay
+stdin:
+       alias
+       typeset -f
+expected-stdout:
+       autoload='\typeset -fu'
+       functions='\typeset -f'
+       hash='\builtin alias -t'
+       history='\builtin fc -l'
+       integer='\typeset -i'
+       local='\typeset'
+       login='\exec login'
+       nameref='\typeset -n'
+       nohup='nohup '
+       r='\builtin fc -e -'
+       type='\builtin whence -v'
+---
+name: aliases-2b
+description:
+       Check if “set -o sh” does not influence built-in aliases
+arguments: !-o!sh!
+stdin:
+       alias
+       typeset -f
+expected-stdout:
+       autoload='\typeset -fu'
+       functions='\typeset -f'
+       hash='\builtin alias -t'
+       history='\builtin fc -l'
+       integer='\typeset -i'
+       local='\typeset'
+       login='\exec login'
+       nameref='\typeset -n'
+       nohup='nohup '
+       r='\builtin fc -e -'
+       type='\builtin whence -v'
+---
+name: aliases-3b
+description:
+       Check if running as sh does not influence built-in aliases
+stdin:
+       cp "$__progname" sh
+       ./sh -c 'alias; typeset -f'
+       rm -f sh
+expected-stdout:
+       autoload='\typeset -fu'
+       functions='\typeset -f'
+       hash='\builtin alias -t'
+       history='\builtin fc -l'
+       integer='\typeset -i'
+       local='\typeset'
+       login='\exec login'
+       nameref='\typeset -n'
+       nohup='nohup '
+       r='\builtin fc -e -'
+       type='\builtin whence -v'
+---
+name: aliases-cmdline
+description:
+       Check that aliases work from the command line (Debian #517009)
+       Note that due to the nature of the lexing process, defining
+       aliases in COMSUBs then immediately using them, and things
+       like 'alias foo=bar && foo', still fail.
+stdin:
+       "$__progname" -c $'alias a="echo OK"\na'
+expected-stdout:
+       OK
+---
+name: aliases-funcdef-1
+description:
+       Check if POSIX functions take precedences over aliases
+stdin:
+       alias foo='echo makro'
+       foo() {
+               echo funktion
+       }
+       foo
+expected-stdout:
+       makro
+---
+name: aliases-funcdef-2
+description:
+       Check if POSIX functions take precedences over aliases
+stdin:
+       alias foo='echo makro'
+       foo () {
+               echo funktion
+       }
+       foo
+expected-stdout:
+       makro
+---
+name: aliases-funcdef-3
+description:
+       Check if aliases take precedences over Korn functions
+stdin:
+       alias foo='echo makro'
+       function foo {
+               echo funktion
+       }
+       foo
+expected-stdout:
+       makro
+---
+name: aliases-funcdef-4
+description:
+       Functions should only take over if actually being defined
+stdin:
+       alias local
+       :|| local() { :; }
+       alias local
+expected-stdout:
+       local='\typeset'
+       local='\typeset'
+---
+name: arrays-1
+description:
+       Check if Korn Shell arrays work as expected
+stdin:
+       v="c d"
+       set -A foo -- a \$v "$v" '$v' b
+       echo "${#foo[*]}|${foo[0]}|${foo[1]}|${foo[2]}|${foo[3]}|${foo[4]}|"
+expected-stdout:
+       5|a|$v|c d|$v|b|
+---
+name: arrays-2a
+description:
+       Check if bash-style arrays work as expected
+stdin:
+       v="c d"
+       foo=(a \$v "$v" '$v' b)
+       echo "${#foo[*]}|${foo[0]}|${foo[1]}|${foo[2]}|${foo[3]}|${foo[4]}|"
+expected-stdout:
+       5|a|$v|c d|$v|b|
+---
+name: arrays-2b
+description:
+       Check if bash-style arrays work as expected, with newlines
+stdin:
+       print '#!'"$__progname"'\nfor x in "$@"; do print -nr -- "$x|"; done' >pfp
+       chmod +x pfp
+       test -n "$ZSH_VERSION" && setopt KSH_ARRAYS
+       v="e f"
+       foo=(a
+               bc
+               d \$v "$v" '$v' g
+       )
+       ./pfp "${#foo[*]}" "${foo[0]}" "${foo[1]}" "${foo[2]}" "${foo[3]}" "${foo[4]}" "${foo[5]}" "${foo[6]}"; echo
+       foo=(a\
+               bc
+               d \$v "$v" '$v' g
+       )
+       ./pfp "${#foo[*]}" "${foo[0]}" "${foo[1]}" "${foo[2]}" "${foo[3]}" "${foo[4]}" "${foo[5]}" "${foo[6]}"; echo
+       foo=(a\
+       bc\\
+               d \$v "$v" '$v'
+       g)
+       ./pfp "${#foo[*]}" "${foo[0]}" "${foo[1]}" "${foo[2]}" "${foo[3]}" "${foo[4]}" "${foo[5]}" "${foo[6]}"; echo
+expected-stdout:
+       7|a|bc|d|$v|e f|$v|g|
+       7|a|bc|d|$v|e f|$v|g|
+       6|abc\|d|$v|e f|$v|g||
+---
+name: arrays-3
+description:
+       Check if array bounds are uint32_t
+stdin:
+       set -A foo a b c
+       foo[4097]=d
+       foo[2147483637]=e
+       echo ${foo[*]}
+       foo[-1]=f
+       echo ${foo[4294967295]} g ${foo[*]}
+expected-stdout:
+       a b c d e
+       f g a b c d e f
+---
+name: arrays-4
+description:
+       Check if Korn Shell arrays with specified indices work as expected
+stdin:
+       v="c d"
+       set -A foo -- [1]=\$v [2]="$v" [4]='$v' [0]=a [5]=b
+       echo "${#foo[*]}|${foo[0]}|${foo[1]}|${foo[2]}|${foo[3]}|${foo[4]}|${foo[5]}|"
+       # we don't want this at all:
+       #       5|a|$v|c d||$v|b|
+       set -A arr "[5]=meh"
+       echo "<${arr[0]}><${arr[5]}>"
+expected-stdout:
+       5|[1]=$v|[2]=c d|[4]=$v|[0]=a|[5]=b||
+       <[5]=meh><>
+---
+name: arrays-5
+description:
+       Check if bash-style arrays with specified indices work as expected
+       (taken out temporarily to fix arrays-4; see also arrays-9a comment)
+category: disabled
+stdin:
+       v="c d"
+       foo=([1]=\$v [2]="$v" [4]='$v' [0]=a [5]=b)
+       echo "${#foo[*]}|${foo[0]}|${foo[1]}|${foo[2]}|${foo[3]}|${foo[4]}|${foo[5]}|"
+       x=([128]=foo bar baz)
+       echo k= ${!x[*]} .
+       echo v= ${x[*]} .
+       # Check that we do not break this by globbing
+       :>b=blah
+       bleh=5
+       typeset -a arr
+       arr+=([bleh]=blah)
+       echo "<${arr[0]}><${arr[5]}>"
+expected-stdout:
+       5|a|$v|c d||$v|b|
+       k= 128 129 130 .
+       v= foo bar baz .
+       <><blah>
+---
+name: arrays-6
+description:
+       Check if we can get the array keys (indices) for indexed arrays,
+       Korn shell style
+stdin:
+       of() {
+               i=0
+               for x in "$@"; do
+                       echo -n "$((i++))<$x>"
+               done
+               echo
+       }
+       foo[1]=eins
+       set | grep '^foo'
+       echo =
+       foo[0]=zwei
+       foo[4]=drei
+       set | grep '^foo'
+       echo =
+       echo a $(of ${foo[*]}) = $(of ${bar[*]}) a
+       echo b $(of "${foo[*]}") = $(of "${bar[*]}") b
+       echo c $(of ${foo[@]}) = $(of ${bar[@]}) c
+       echo d $(of "${foo[@]}") = $(of "${bar[@]}") d
+       echo e $(of ${!foo[*]}) = $(of ${!bar[*]}) e
+       echo f $(of "${!foo[*]}") = $(of "${!bar[*]}") f
+       echo g $(of ${!foo[@]}) = $(of ${!bar[@]}) g
+       echo h $(of "${!foo[@]}") = $(of "${!bar[@]}") h
+expected-stdout:
+       foo[1]=eins
+       =
+       foo[0]=zwei
+       foo[1]=eins
+       foo[4]=drei
+       =
+       a 0<zwei>1<eins>2<drei> = a
+       b 0<zwei eins drei> = 0<> b
+       c 0<zwei>1<eins>2<drei> = c
+       d 0<zwei>1<eins>2<drei> = d
+       e 0<0>1<1>2<4> = e
+       f 0<0 1 4> = 0<> f
+       g 0<0>1<1>2<4> = g
+       h 0<0>1<1>2<4> = h
+---
+name: arrays-7
+description:
+       Check if we can get the array keys (indices) for indexed arrays,
+       Korn shell style, in some corner cases
+stdin:
+       echo !arz: ${!arz}
+       echo !arz[0]: ${!arz[0]}
+       echo !arz[1]: ${!arz[1]}
+       arz=foo
+       echo !arz: ${!arz}
+       echo !arz[0]: ${!arz[0]}
+       echo !arz[1]: ${!arz[1]}
+       unset arz
+       echo !arz: ${!arz}
+       echo !arz[0]: ${!arz[0]}
+       echo !arz[1]: ${!arz[1]}
+expected-stdout:
+       !arz: arz
+       !arz[0]: arz[0]
+       !arz[1]: arz[1]
+       !arz: arz
+       !arz[0]: arz[0]
+       !arz[1]: arz[1]
+       !arz: arz
+       !arz[0]: arz[0]
+       !arz[1]: arz[1]
+---
+name: arrays-8
+description:
+       Check some behavioural rules for arrays.
+stdin:
+       fna() {
+               set -A aa 9
+       }
+       fnb() {
+               typeset ab
+               set -A ab 9
+       }
+       fnc() {
+               typeset ac
+               set -A ac 91
+               unset ac
+               set -A ac 92
+       }
+       fnd() {
+               set +A ad 9
+       }
+       fne() {
+               unset ae
+               set +A ae 9
+       }
+       fnf() {
+               unset af[0]
+               set +A af 9
+       }
+       fng() {
+               unset ag[*]
+               set +A ag 9
+       }
+       set -A aa 1 2
+       set -A ab 1 2
+       set -A ac 1 2
+       set -A ad 1 2
+       set -A ae 1 2
+       set -A af 1 2
+       set -A ag 1 2
+       set -A ah 1 2
+       typeset -Z3 aa ab ac ad ae af ag
+       print 1a ${aa[*]} .
+       print 1b ${ab[*]} .
+       print 1c ${ac[*]} .
+       print 1d ${ad[*]} .
+       print 1e ${ae[*]} .
+       print 1f ${af[*]} .
+       print 1g ${ag[*]} .
+       print 1h ${ah[*]} .
+       fna
+       fnb
+       fnc
+       fnd
+       fne
+       fnf
+       fng
+       typeset -Z5 ah[*]
+       print 2a ${aa[*]} .
+       print 2b ${ab[*]} .
+       print 2c ${ac[*]} .
+       print 2d ${ad[*]} .
+       print 2e ${ae[*]} .
+       print 2f ${af[*]} .
+       print 2g ${ag[*]} .
+       print 2h ${ah[*]} .
+expected-stdout:
+       1a 001 002 .
+       1b 001 002 .
+       1c 001 002 .
+       1d 001 002 .
+       1e 001 002 .
+       1f 001 002 .
+       1g 001 002 .
+       1h 1 2 .
+       2a 9 .
+       2b 001 002 .
+       2c 92 .
+       2d 009 002 .
+       2e 9 .
+       2f 9 002 .
+       2g 009 .
+       2h 00001 00002 .
+---
+name: arrays-9a
+description:
+       Check that we can concatenate arrays
+stdin:
+       unset foo; foo=(bar); foo+=(baz); echo 1 ${!foo[*]} : ${foo[*]} .
+       unset foo; foo=(foo bar); foo+=(baz); echo 2 ${!foo[*]} : ${foo[*]} .
+#      unset foo; foo=([2]=foo [0]=bar); foo+=(baz [5]=quux); echo 3 ${!foo[*]} : ${foo[*]} .
+expected-stdout:
+       1 0 1 : bar baz .
+       2 0 1 2 : foo bar baz .
+#      3 0 2 3 5 : bar foo baz quux .
+---
+name: arrays-9b
+description:
+       Check that we can concatenate parameters too
+stdin:
+       unset foo; foo=bar; foo+=baz; echo 1 $foo .
+       unset foo; typeset -i16 foo=10; foo+=20; echo 2 $foo .
+expected-stdout:
+       1 barbaz .
+       2 16#a20 .
+---
+name: arrassign-basic
+description:
+       Check basic whitespace conserving properties of wdarrassign
+stdin:
+       a=($(echo a  b))
+       b=($(echo "a  b"))
+       c=("$(echo "a  b")")
+       d=("$(echo a  b)")
+       a+=($(echo c  d))
+       b+=($(echo "c  d"))
+       c+=("$(echo "c  d")")
+       d+=("$(echo c  d)")
+       echo ".a:${a[0]}.${a[1]}.${a[2]}.${a[3]}:"
+       echo ".b:${b[0]}.${b[1]}.${b[2]}.${b[3]}:"
+       echo ".c:${c[0]}.${c[1]}.${c[2]}.${c[3]}:"
+       echo ".d:${d[0]}.${d[1]}.${d[2]}.${d[3]}:"
+expected-stdout:
+       .a:a.b.c.d:
+       .b:a.b.c.d:
+       .c:a  b.c  d..:
+       .d:a b.c d..:
+---
+name: arrassign-fnc-none
+description:
+       Check locality of array access inside a function
+stdin:
+       function fn {
+               x+=(f)
+               echo ".fn:${x[0]}.${x[1]}.${x[2]}.${x[3]}:"
+       }
+       function rfn {
+               if [[ -n $BASH_VERSION ]]; then
+                       y=()
+               else
+                       set -A y
+               fi
+               y+=(f)
+               echo ".rfn:${y[0]}.${y[1]}.${y[2]}.${y[3]}:"
+       }
+       x=(m m)
+       y=(m m)
+       echo ".f0:${x[0]}.${x[1]}.${x[2]}.${x[3]}:"
+       fn
+       echo ".f1:${x[0]}.${x[1]}.${x[2]}.${x[3]}:"
+       fn
+       echo ".f2:${x[0]}.${x[1]}.${x[2]}.${x[3]}:"
+       echo ".rf0:${y[0]}.${y[1]}.${y[2]}.${y[3]}:"
+       rfn
+       echo ".rf1:${y[0]}.${y[1]}.${y[2]}.${y[3]}:"
+       rfn
+       echo ".rf2:${y[0]}.${y[1]}.${y[2]}.${y[3]}:"
+expected-stdout:
+       .f0:m.m..:
+       .fn:m.m.f.:
+       .f1:m.m.f.:
+       .fn:m.m.f.f:
+       .f2:m.m.f.f:
+       .rf0:m.m..:
+       .rfn:f...:
+       .rf1:f...:
+       .rfn:f...:
+       .rf2:f...:
+---
+name: arrassign-fnc-local
+description:
+       Check locality of array access inside a function
+       with the bash/mksh/ksh93 local/typeset keyword
+       (note: ksh93 has no local; typeset works only in FKSH)
+stdin:
+       function fn {
+               typeset x
+               x+=(f)
+               echo ".fn:${x[0]}.${x[1]}.${x[2]}.${x[3]}:"
+       }
+       function rfn {
+               if [[ -n $BASH_VERSION ]]; then
+                       y=()
+               else
+                       set -A y
+               fi
+               typeset y
+               y+=(f)
+               echo ".rfn:${y[0]}.${y[1]}.${y[2]}.${y[3]}:"
+       }
+       function fnr {
+               typeset z
+               if [[ -n $BASH_VERSION ]]; then
+                       z=()
+               else
+                       set -A z
+               fi
+               z+=(f)
+               echo ".fnr:${z[0]}.${z[1]}.${z[2]}.${z[3]}:"
+       }
+       x=(m m)
+       y=(m m)
+       z=(m m)
+       echo ".f0:${x[0]}.${x[1]}.${x[2]}.${x[3]}:"
+       fn
+       echo ".f1:${x[0]}.${x[1]}.${x[2]}.${x[3]}:"
+       fn
+       echo ".f2:${x[0]}.${x[1]}.${x[2]}.${x[3]}:"
+       echo ".rf0:${y[0]}.${y[1]}.${y[2]}.${y[3]}:"
+       rfn
+       echo ".rf1:${y[0]}.${y[1]}.${y[2]}.${y[3]}:"
+       rfn
+       echo ".rf2:${y[0]}.${y[1]}.${y[2]}.${y[3]}:"
+       echo ".f0r:${z[0]}.${z[1]}.${z[2]}.${z[3]}:"
+       fnr
+       echo ".f1r:${z[0]}.${z[1]}.${z[2]}.${z[3]}:"
+       fnr
+       echo ".f2r:${z[0]}.${z[1]}.${z[2]}.${z[3]}:"
+expected-stdout:
+       .f0:m.m..:
+       .fn:f...:
+       .f1:m.m..:
+       .fn:f...:
+       .f2:m.m..:
+       .rf0:m.m..:
+       .rfn:f...:
+       .rf1:...:
+       .rfn:f...:
+       .rf2:...:
+       .f0r:m.m..:
+       .fnr:f...:
+       .f1r:m.m..:
+       .fnr:f...:
+       .f2r:m.m..:
+---
+name: arrassign-fnc-global
+description:
+       Check locality of array access inside a function
+       with the mksh-specific global keyword
+stdin:
+       function fn {
+               global x
+               x+=(f)
+               echo ".fn:${x[0]}.${x[1]}.${x[2]}.${x[3]}:"
+       }
+       function rfn {
+               set -A y
+               global y
+               y+=(f)
+               echo ".rfn:${y[0]}.${y[1]}.${y[2]}.${y[3]}:"
+       }
+       function fnr {
+               global z
+               set -A z
+               z+=(f)
+               echo ".fnr:${z[0]}.${z[1]}.${z[2]}.${z[3]}:"
+       }
+       x=(m m)
+       y=(m m)
+       z=(m m)
+       echo ".f0:${x[0]}.${x[1]}.${x[2]}.${x[3]}:"
+       fn
+       echo ".f1:${x[0]}.${x[1]}.${x[2]}.${x[3]}:"
+       fn
+       echo ".f2:${x[0]}.${x[1]}.${x[2]}.${x[3]}:"
+       echo ".rf0:${y[0]}.${y[1]}.${y[2]}.${y[3]}:"
+       rfn
+       echo ".rf1:${y[0]}.${y[1]}.${y[2]}.${y[3]}:"
+       rfn
+       echo ".rf2:${y[0]}.${y[1]}.${y[2]}.${y[3]}:"
+       echo ".f0r:${z[0]}.${z[1]}.${z[2]}.${z[3]}:"
+       fnr
+       echo ".f1r:${z[0]}.${z[1]}.${z[2]}.${z[3]}:"
+       fnr
+       echo ".f2r:${z[0]}.${z[1]}.${z[2]}.${z[3]}:"
+expected-stdout:
+       .f0:m.m..:
+       .fn:m.m.f.:
+       .f1:m.m.f.:
+       .fn:m.m.f.f:
+       .f2:m.m.f.f:
+       .rf0:m.m..:
+       .rfn:f...:
+       .rf1:f...:
+       .rfn:f...:
+       .rf2:f...:
+       .f0r:m.m..:
+       .fnr:f...:
+       .f1r:f...:
+       .fnr:f...:
+       .f2r:f...:
+---
+name: strassign-fnc-none
+description:
+       Check locality of string access inside a function
+stdin:
+       function fn {
+               x+=f
+               echo ".fn:$x:"
+       }
+       function rfn {
+               y=
+               y+=f
+               echo ".rfn:$y:"
+       }
+       x=m
+       y=m
+       echo ".f0:$x:"
+       fn
+       echo ".f1:$x:"
+       fn
+       echo ".f2:$x:"
+       echo ".rf0:$y:"
+       rfn
+       echo ".rf1:$y:"
+       rfn
+       echo ".rf2:$y:"
+expected-stdout:
+       .f0:m:
+       .fn:mf:
+       .f1:mf:
+       .fn:mff:
+       .f2:mff:
+       .rf0:m:
+       .rfn:f:
+       .rf1:f:
+       .rfn:f:
+       .rf2:f:
+---
+name: strassign-fnc-local
+description:
+       Check locality of string access inside a function
+       with the bash/mksh/ksh93 local/typeset keyword
+       (note: ksh93 has no local; typeset works only in FKSH)
+stdin:
+       function fn {
+               typeset x
+               x+=f
+               echo ".fn:$x:"
+       }
+       function rfn {
+               y=
+               typeset y
+               y+=f
+               echo ".rfn:$y:"
+       }
+       function fnr {
+               typeset z
+               z=
+               z+=f
+               echo ".fnr:$z:"
+       }
+       x=m
+       y=m
+       z=m
+       echo ".f0:$x:"
+       fn
+       echo ".f1:$x:"
+       fn
+       echo ".f2:$x:"
+       echo ".rf0:$y:"
+       rfn
+       echo ".rf1:$y:"
+       rfn
+       echo ".rf2:$y:"
+       echo ".f0r:$z:"
+       fnr
+       echo ".f1r:$z:"
+       fnr
+       echo ".f2r:$z:"
+expected-stdout:
+       .f0:m:
+       .fn:f:
+       .f1:m:
+       .fn:f:
+       .f2:m:
+       .rf0:m:
+       .rfn:f:
+       .rf1::
+       .rfn:f:
+       .rf2::
+       .f0r:m:
+       .fnr:f:
+       .f1r:m:
+       .fnr:f:
+       .f2r:m:
+---
+name: strassign-fnc-global
+description:
+       Check locality of string access inside a function
+       with the mksh-specific global keyword
+stdin:
+       function fn {
+               global x
+               x+=f
+               echo ".fn:$x:"
+       }
+       function rfn {
+               y=
+               global y
+               y+=f
+               echo ".rfn:$y:"
+       }
+       function fnr {
+               global z
+               z=
+               z+=f
+               echo ".fnr:$z:"
+       }
+       x=m
+       y=m
+       z=m
+       echo ".f0:$x:"
+       fn
+       echo ".f1:$x:"
+       fn
+       echo ".f2:$x:"
+       echo ".rf0:$y:"
+       rfn
+       echo ".rf1:$y:"
+       rfn
+       echo ".rf2:$y:"
+       echo ".f0r:$z:"
+       fnr
+       echo ".f1r:$z:"
+       fnr
+       echo ".f2r:$z:"
+expected-stdout:
+       .f0:m:
+       .fn:mf:
+       .f1:mf:
+       .fn:mff:
+       .f2:mff:
+       .rf0:m:
+       .rfn:f:
+       .rf1:f:
+       .rfn:f:
+       .rf2:f:
+       .f0r:m:
+       .fnr:f:
+       .f1r:f:
+       .fnr:f:
+       .f2r:f:
+---
+name: unset-fnc-local-ksh
+description:
+       Check that “unset” removes a previous “local”
+       (ksh93 syntax compatible version); apparently,
+       there are shells which fail this?
+stdin:
+       function f {
+               echo f0: $x
+               typeset x
+               echo f1: $x
+               x=fa
+               echo f2: $x
+               unset x
+               echo f3: $x
+               x=fb
+               echo f4: $x
+       }
+       x=o
+       echo before: $x
+       f
+       echo after: $x
+expected-stdout:
+       before: o
+       f0: o
+       f1:
+       f2: fa
+       f3: o
+       f4: fb
+       after: fb
+---
+name: unset-fnc-local-sh
+description:
+       Check that “unset” removes a previous “local”
+       (Debian Policy §10.4 sh version); apparently,
+       there are shells which fail this?
+stdin:
+       f() {
+               echo f0: $x
+               local x
+               echo f1: $x
+               x=fa
+               echo f2: $x
+               unset x
+               echo f3: $x
+               x=fb
+               echo f4: $x
+       }
+       x=o
+       echo before: $x
+       f
+       echo after: $x
+expected-stdout:
+       before: o
+       f0: o
+       f1:
+       f2: fa
+       f3: o
+       f4: fb
+       after: fb
+---
+name: varexpand-substr-1
+description:
+       Check if bash-style substring expansion works
+       when using positive numerics
+stdin:
+       x=abcdefghi
+       typeset -i y=123456789
+       typeset -i 16 z=123456789       # 16#75bcd15
+       echo a t${x:2:2} ${y:2:3} ${z:2:3} a
+       echo b ${x::3} ${y::3} ${z::3} b
+       echo c ${x:2:} ${y:2:} ${z:2:} c
+       echo d ${x:2} ${y:2} ${z:2} d
+       echo e ${x:2:6} ${y:2:6} ${z:2:7} e
+       echo f ${x:2:7} ${y:2:7} ${z:2:8} f
+       echo g ${x:2:8} ${y:2:8} ${z:2:9} g
+expected-stdout:
+       a tcd 345 #75 a
+       b abc 123 16# b
+       c c
+       d cdefghi 3456789 #75bcd15 d
+       e cdefgh 345678 #75bcd1 e
+       f cdefghi 3456789 #75bcd15 f
+       g cdefghi 3456789 #75bcd15 g
+---
+name: varexpand-substr-2
+description:
+       Check if bash-style substring expansion works
+       when using negative numerics or expressions
+stdin:
+       x=abcdefghi
+       typeset -i y=123456789
+       typeset -i 16 z=123456789       # 16#75bcd15
+       n=2
+       echo a ${x:$n:3} ${y:$n:3} ${z:$n:3} a
+       echo b ${x:(n):3} ${y:(n):3} ${z:(n):3} b
+       echo c ${x:(-2):1} ${y:(-2):1} ${z:(-2):1} c
+       echo d t${x: n:2} ${y: n:3} ${z: n:3} d
+expected-stdout:
+       a cde 345 #75 a
+       b cde 345 #75 b
+       c h 8 1 c
+       d tcd 345 #75 d
+---
+name: varexpand-substr-3
+description:
+       Check that some things that work in bash fail.
+       This is by design. Oh and vice versa, nowadays.
+stdin:
+       export x=abcdefghi n=2
+       "$__progname" -c 'echo v${x:(n)}x'
+       "$__progname" -c 'echo w${x: n}x'
+       "$__progname" -c 'echo x${x:n}x'
+       "$__progname" -c 'echo y${x:}x'
+       "$__progname" -c 'echo z${x}x'
+       # next fails only in bash
+       "$__progname" -c 'x=abcdef;y=123;echo ${x:${y:2:1}:2}' >/dev/null 2>&1; echo $?
+expected-stdout:
+       vcdefghix
+       wcdefghix
+       zabcdefghix
+       0
+expected-stderr-pattern:
+       /x:n.*bad substitution.*\n.*bad substitution/
+---
+name: varexpand-substr-4
+description:
+       Check corner cases for substring expansion
+stdin:
+       x=abcdefghi
+       integer y=2
+       echo a ${x:(y == 1 ? 2 : 3):4} a
+expected-stdout:
+       a defg a
+---
+name: varexpand-substr-5A
+description:
+       Check that substring expansions work on characters
+stdin:
+       set +U
+       x=mäh
+       echo a ${x::1} ${x: -1} a
+       echo b ${x::3} ${x: -3} b
+       echo c ${x:1:2} ${x: -3:2} c
+       echo d ${#x} d
+expected-stdout:
+       a m h a
+       b mä äh b
+       c ä ä c
+       d 4 d
+---
+name: varexpand-substr-5W
+description:
+       Check that substring expansions work on characters
+stdin:
+       set -U
+       x=mäh
+       echo a ${x::1} ${x: -1} a
+       echo b ${x::2} ${x: -2} b
+       echo c ${x:1:1} ${x: -2:1} c
+       echo d ${#x} d
+expected-stdout:
+       a m h a
+       b mä äh b
+       c ä ä c
+       d 3 d
+---
+name: varexpand-substr-6
+description:
+       Check that string substitution works correctly
+stdin:
+       foo=1
+       bar=2
+       baz=qwertyuiop
+       echo a ${baz: foo: bar}
+       echo b ${baz: foo: $bar}
+       echo c ${baz: $foo: bar}
+       echo d ${baz: $foo: $bar}
+expected-stdout:
+       a we
+       b we
+       c we
+       d we
+---
+name: varexpand-special-hash
+description:
+       Check special ${var@x} expansion for x=hash
+stdin:
+       typeset -i8 foo=10
+       bar=baz
+       unset baz
+       print ${foo@#} ${bar@#} ${baz@#} .
+expected-stdout:
+       9B15FBFB CFBDD32B 00000000 .
+---
+name: varexpand-special-quote
+description:
+       Check special ${var@Q} expansion for quoted strings
+stdin:
+       set +U
+       i=x
+       j=a\ b
+       k=$'c
+       d\xA0''e€f'
+       print -r -- "<i=$i j=$j k=$k>"
+       s="u=${i@Q} v=${j@Q} w=${k@Q}"
+       print -r -- "s=\"$s\""
+       eval "$s"
+       typeset -p u v w
+expected-stdout:
+       <i=x j=a b k=c
+       d eâ\82¬f>
+       s="u=x v='a b' w=$'c\nd\240e\u20ACf'"
+       typeset u=x
+       typeset v='a b'
+       typeset w=$'c\nd\240e\u20ACf'
+---
+name: varexpand-null-1
+description:
+       Ensure empty strings expand emptily
+stdin:
+       print s ${a} . ${b} S
+       print t ${a#?} . ${b%?} T
+       print r ${a=} . ${b/c/d} R
+       print q
+       print s "${a}" . "${b}" S
+       print t "${a#?}" . "${b%?}" T
+       print r "${a=}" . "${b/c/d}" R
+expected-stdout:
+       s . S
+       t . T
+       r . R
+       q
+       s  .  S
+       t  .  T
+       r  .  R
+---
+name: varexpand-null-2
+description:
+       Ensure empty strings, when quoted, are expanded as empty strings
+stdin:
+       print '#!'"$__progname"'\nfor x in "$@"; do print -nr -- "<$x> "; done' >pfs
+       chmod +x pfs
+       ./pfs 1 "${a}" 2 "${a#?}" + "${b%?}" 3 "${a=}" + "${b/c/d}"
+       echo .
+expected-stdout:
+       <1> <> <2> <> <+> <> <3> <> <+> <> .
+---
+name: varexpand-null-3
+description:
+       Ensure concatenating behaviour matches other shells
+stdin:
+       showargs() { for s_arg in "$@"; do echo -n "<$s_arg> "; done; echo .; }
+       showargs 0 ""$@
+       x=; showargs 1 "$x"$@
+       set A; showargs 2 "${@:+}"
+       n() { echo "$#"; }
+       unset e
+       set -- a b
+       n """$@"
+       n "$@"
+       n "$@"""
+       n "$e""$@"
+       n "$@"
+       n "$@""$e"
+       set --
+       n """$@"
+       n "$@"
+       n "$@"""
+       n "$e""$@"
+       n "$@"
+       n "$@""$e"
+expected-stdout:
+       <0> <> .
+       <1> <> .
+       <2> <> .
+       2
+       2
+       2
+       2
+       2
+       2
+       1
+       0
+       1
+       1
+       0
+       1
+---
+name: varexpand-funny-chars
+description:
+       Check some characters
+       XXX \uEF80 is asymmetric, possibly buggy so we don’t check this
+stdin:
+       x=$'<\x00>'; typeset -p x
+       x=$'<\x01>'; typeset -p x
+       x=$'<\u0000>'; typeset -p x
+       x=$'<\u0001>'; typeset -p x
+expected-stdout:
+       typeset x='<'
+       typeset x=$'<\001>'
+       typeset x='<'
+       typeset x=$'<\001>'
+---
+name: print-funny-chars
+description:
+       Check print builtin's capability to output designated characters
+stdin:
+       print '<\0144\0344\xDB\u00DB\u20AC\uDB\x40>'
+       print '<\x00>'
+       print '<\x01>'
+       print '<\u0000>'
+       print '<\u0001>'
+expected-stdout:
+       <däÛÃ\9bâ\82¬Ã\9b@>
+       <\0>
+       <\ 1>
+       <\0>
+       <\ 1>
+---
+name: print-bksl-c
+description:
+       Check print builtin's \c escape
+stdin:
+       print '\ca'; print b
+expected-stdout:
+       ab
+---
+name: print-cr
+description:
+       Check that CR+LF is not collapsed into LF as some MSYS shells wrongly do
+stdin:
+       echo '#!'"$__progname" >foo
+       cat >>foo <<-'EOF'
+               print -n -- '220-blau.mirbsd.org ESMTP ready at Thu, 25 Jul 2013 15:57:57 GMT\r\n220->> Bitte keine Werbung einwerfen! <<\r\r\n220 Who do you wanna pretend to be today'
+               print \?\r
+       EOF
+       chmod +x foo
+       echo "[$(./foo)]"
+       ./foo | while IFS= read -r line; do
+               print -r -- "{$line}"
+       done
+expected-stdout:
+       [220-blau.mirbsd.org ESMTP ready at Thu, 25 Jul 2013 15:57:57 GMT\r
+       220->> Bitte keine Werbung einwerfen! <<\r\r
+       220 Who do you wanna pretend to be today?\r]
+       {220-blau.mirbsd.org ESMTP ready at Thu, 25 Jul 2013 15:57:57 GMT\r}
+       {220->> Bitte keine Werbung einwerfen! <<\r\r}
+       {220 Who do you wanna pretend to be today?\r}
+---
+name: print-crlf
+description:
+       Check that CR+LF is shown and read as-is
+stdin:
+       cat >foo <<-'EOF'
+               x='bar\r
+               ' #\r
+               echo .${#x} #\r
+               if test x"$KSH_VERSION" = x""; then #\r
+                       printf '<%s>' "$x" #\r
+               else #\r
+                       print -nr -- "<$x>" #\r
+               fi #\r
+       EOF
+       echo "[$("$__progname" foo)]"
+       "$__progname" foo | while IFS= read -r line; do
+               print -r -- "{$line}"
+       done
+expected-stdout:
+       [.5
+       <bar\r
+       >]
+       {.5}
+       {<bar\r}
+---
+name: print-lf
+description:
+       Check that LF-only is shown and read as-is
+stdin:
+       cat >foo <<-'EOF'
+               x='bar
+               ' #
+               echo .${#x} #
+               if test x"$KSH_VERSION" = x""; then #
+                       printf '<%s>' "$x" #
+               else #
+                       print -nr -- "<$x>" #
+               fi #
+       EOF
+       echo "[$("$__progname" foo)]"
+       "$__progname" foo | while IFS= read -r line; do
+               print -r -- "{$line}"
+       done
+expected-stdout:
+       [.4
+       <bar
+       >]
+       {.4}
+       {<bar}
+---
+name: print-nul-chars
+description:
+       Check handling of NUL characters for print and COMSUB
+stdin:
+       x=$(print '<\0>')
+       print $(($(print '<\0>' | wc -c))) $(($(print "$x" | wc -c))) \
+           ${#x} "$x" '<\0>'
+expected-stdout-pattern:
+       /^4 3 2 <> <\0>$/
+---
+name: print-escapes
+description:
+       Check backslash expansion by the print builtin
+stdin:
+       print '\ \!\"\#\$\%\&'\\\''\(\)\*\+\,\-\.\/\0\1\2\3\4\5\6\7\8' \
+           '\9\:\;\<\=\>\?\@\A\B\C\D\E\F\G\H\I\J\K\L\M\N\O\P\Q\R\S\T' \
+           '\U\V\W\X\Y\Z\[\\\]\^\_\`\a\b  \d\e\f\g\h\i\j\k\l\m\n\o\p' \
+           '\q\r\s\t\u\v\w\x\y\z\{\|\}\~' '\u20acd' '\U20acd' '\x123' \
+           '\0x' '\0123' '\01234' | {
+               # integer-base-one-3As
+               typeset -Uui16 -Z11 pos=0
+               typeset -Uui16 -Z5 hv=2147483647
+               typeset -i1 wc=0x0A
+               dasc=
+               nl=${wc#1#}
+               while IFS= read -r line; do
+                       line=$line$nl
+                       while [[ -n $line ]]; do
+                               hv=1#${line::1}
+                               if (( (pos & 15) == 0 )); then
+                                       (( pos )) && print "$dasc|"
+                                       print -n "${pos#16#}  "
+                                       dasc=' |'
+                               fi
+                               print -n "${hv#16#} "
+                               if (( (hv < 32) || (hv > 126) )); then
+                                       dasc=$dasc.
+                               else
+                                       dasc=$dasc${line::1}
+                               fi
+                               (( (pos++ & 15) == 7 )) && print -n -- '- '
+                               line=${line:1}
+                       done
+               done
+               while (( pos & 15 )); do
+                       print -n '   '
+                       (( (pos++ & 15) == 7 )) && print -n -- '- '
+               done
+               (( hv == 2147483647 )) || print "$dasc|"
+       }
+expected-stdout:
+       00000000  5C 20 5C 21 5C 22 5C 23 - 5C 24 5C 25 5C 26 5C 27  |\ \!\"\#\$\%\&\'|
+       00000010  5C 28 5C 29 5C 2A 5C 2B - 5C 2C 5C 2D 5C 2E 5C 2F  |\(\)\*\+\,\-\.\/|
+       00000020  5C 31 5C 32 5C 33 5C 34 - 5C 35 5C 36 5C 37 5C 38  |\1\2\3\4\5\6\7\8|
+       00000030  20 5C 39 5C 3A 5C 3B 5C - 3C 5C 3D 5C 3E 5C 3F 5C  | \9\:\;\<\=\>\?\|
+       00000040  40 5C 41 5C 42 5C 43 5C - 44 1B 5C 46 5C 47 5C 48  |@\A\B\C\D.\F\G\H|
+       00000050  5C 49 5C 4A 5C 4B 5C 4C - 5C 4D 5C 4E 5C 4F 5C 50  |\I\J\K\L\M\N\O\P|
+       00000060  5C 51 5C 52 5C 53 5C 54 - 20 5C 56 5C 57 5C 58 5C  |\Q\R\S\T \V\W\X\|
+       00000070  59 5C 5A 5C 5B 5C 5C 5D - 5C 5E 5C 5F 5C 60 07 08  |Y\Z\[\]\^\_\`..|
+       00000080  20 20 5C 64 1B 0C 5C 67 - 5C 68 5C 69 5C 6A 5C 6B  |  \d..\g\h\i\j\k|
+       00000090  5C 6C 5C 6D 0A 5C 6F 5C - 70 20 5C 71 0D 5C 73 09  |\l\m.\o\p \q.\s.|
+       000000A0  0B 5C 77 5C 79 5C 7A 5C - 7B 5C 7C 5C 7D 5C 7E 20  |.\w\y\z\{\|\}\~ |
+       000000B0  E2 82 AC 64 20 EF BF BD - 20 12 33 20 78 20 53 20  |...d ... .3 x S |
+       000000C0  53 34 0A                -                          |S4.|
+---
+name: dollar-doublequoted-strings
+description:
+       Check that a $ preceding "…" is ignored
+stdin:
+       echo $"Localise me!"
+       cat <<<$"Me too!"
+       V=X
+       aol=aol
+       cat <<-$"aol"
+               I do not take a $V for a V!
+       aol
+expected-stdout:
+       Localise me!
+       Me too!
+       I do not take a $V for a V!
+---
+name: dollar-quoted-strings
+description:
+       Check backslash expansion by $'…' strings
+stdin:
+       print '#!'"$__progname"'\nfor x in "$@"; do print -r -- "$x"; done' >pfn
+       chmod +x pfn
+       ./pfn $'\ \!\"\#\$\%\&\'\(\)\*\+\,\-\.\/ \1\2\3\4\5\6' \
+           $'a\0b' $'a\01b' $'\7\8\9\:\;\<\=\>\?\@\A\B\C\D\E\F\G\H\I' \
+           $'\J\K\L\M\N\O\P\Q\R\S\T\U1\V\W\X\Y\Z\[\\\]\^\_\`\a\b\d\e' \
+           $'\f\g\h\i\j\k\l\m\n\o\p\q\r\s\t\u1\v\w\x1\y\z\{\|\}\~ $x' \
+           $'\u20acd' $'\U20acd' $'\x123' $'fn\x0rd' $'\0234' $'\234' \
+           $'\2345' $'\ca' $'\c!' $'\c?' $'\c€' $'a\
+       b' | {
+               # integer-base-one-3As
+               typeset -Uui16 -Z11 pos=0
+               typeset -Uui16 -Z5 hv=2147483647
+               typeset -i1 wc=0x0A
+               dasc=
+               nl=${wc#1#}
+               while IFS= read -r line; do
+                       line=$line$nl
+                       while [[ -n $line ]]; do
+                               hv=1#${line::1}
+                               if (( (pos & 15) == 0 )); then
+                                       (( pos )) && print "$dasc|"
+                                       print -n "${pos#16#}  "
+                                       dasc=' |'
+                               fi
+                               print -n "${hv#16#} "
+                               if (( (hv < 32) || (hv > 126) )); then
+                                       dasc=$dasc.
+                               else
+                                       dasc=$dasc${line::1}
+                               fi
+                               (( (pos++ & 15) == 7 )) && print -n -- '- '
+                               line=${line:1}
+                       done
+               done
+               while (( pos & 15 )); do
+                       print -n '   '
+                       (( (pos++ & 15) == 7 )) && print -n -- '- '
+               done
+               (( hv == 2147483647 )) || print "$dasc|"
+       }
+expected-stdout:
+       00000000  20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 - 28 29 2A 2B 2C 2D 2E 2F  | !"#$%&'()*+,-./|
+       00000010  20 01 02 03 04 05 06 0A - 61 0A 61 01 62 0A 07 38  | .......a.a.b..8|
+       00000020  39 3A 3B 3C 3D 3E 3F 40 - 41 42 43 44 1B 46 47 48  |9:;<=>?@ABCD.FGH|
+       00000030  49 0A 4A 4B 4C 4D 4E 4F - 50 51 52 53 54 01 56 57  |I.JKLMNOPQRST.VW|
+       00000040  58 59 5A 5B 5C 5D 5E 5F - 60 07 08 64 1B 0A 0C 67  |XYZ[\]^_`..d...g|
+       00000050  68 69 6A 6B 6C 6D 0A 6F - 70 71 0D 73 09 01 0B 77  |hijklm.opq.s...w|
+       00000060  01 79 7A 7B 7C 7D 7E 20 - 24 78 0A E2 82 AC 64 0A  |.yz{|}~ $x....d.|
+       00000070  EF BF BD 0A C4 A3 0A 66 - 6E 0A 13 34 0A 9C 0A 9C  |.......fn..4....|
+       00000080  35 0A 01 0A 01 0A 7F 0A - 02 82 AC 0A 61 0A 62 0A  |5...........a.b.|
+---
+name: dollar-quotes-in-heredocs-strings
+description:
+       They are, however, not parsed in here documents, here strings
+       (outside of string delimiters) or regular strings, but in
+       parameter substitutions.
+stdin:
+       cat <<EOF
+               dollar = strchr(s, '$');        /* ' */
+               foo " bar \" baz
+       EOF
+       cat <<$'a\tb'
+       a\tb
+       a       b
+       cat <<<"dollar = strchr(s, '$');        /* ' */"
+       cat <<<'dollar = strchr(s, '\''$'\'');  /* '\'' */'
+       x="dollar = strchr(s, '$');     /* ' */"
+       cat <<<"$x"
+       cat <<<$'a\E[0m\tb'
+       unset nl; print -r -- "x${nl:=$'\n'}y"
+       echo "1 foo\"bar"
+       # cf & HEREDOC
+       cat <<EOF
+       2 foo\"bar
+       EOF
+       # probably never reached for here strings?
+       cat <<<"3 foo\"bar"
+       cat <<<"4 foo\\\"bar"
+       cat <<<'5 foo\"bar'
+       # old scripts use this (e.g. ncurses)
+       echo "^$"
+       # make sure this works, outside of quotes
+       cat <<<'7'$'\t''.'
+expected-stdout:
+               dollar = strchr(s, '$');        /* ' */
+               foo " bar \" baz
+       a\tb
+       dollar = strchr(s, '$');        /* ' */
+       dollar = strchr(s, '$');        /* ' */
+       dollar = strchr(s, '$');        /* ' */
+       a\e[0m   b
+       x
+       y
+       1 foo"bar
+       2 foo\"bar
+       3 foo"bar
+       4 foo\"bar
+       5 foo\"bar
+       ^$
+       7       .
+---
+name: dot-needs-argument
+description:
+       check Debian #415167 solution: '.' without arguments should fail
+stdin:
+       "$__progname" -c .
+       "$__progname" -c source
+expected-exit: e != 0
+expected-stderr-pattern:
+       /\.: missing argument.*\n.*source: missing argument/
+---
+name: alias-function-no-conflict
+description:
+       make aliases not conflict with function definitions
+stdin:
+       # POSIX function can be defined, but alias overrides it
+       alias foo='echo bar'
+       foo
+       foo() {
+               echo baz
+       }
+       foo
+       unset -f foo
+       foo 2>/dev/null || echo rab
+       # alias overrides ksh function
+       alias korn='echo bar'
+       korn
+       function korn {
+               echo baz
+       }
+       korn
+       # alias temporarily overrides POSIX function
+       bla() {
+               echo bfn
+       }
+       bla
+       alias bla='echo bal'
+       bla
+       unalias bla
+       bla
+expected-stdout:
+       bar
+       bar
+       bar
+       bar
+       bar
+       bfn
+       bal
+       bfn
+---
+name: bash-function-parens
+description:
+       ensure the keyword function is ignored when preceding
+       POSIX style function declarations (bashism)
+stdin:
+       mk() {
+               echo '#!'"$__progname"
+               echo "$1 {"
+               echo '  echo "bar='\''$0'\'\"
+               echo '}'
+               print -r -- "${2:-foo}"
+       }
+       mk 'function foo' >f-korn
+       mk 'foo ()' >f-dash
+       mk 'function foo ()' >f-bash
+       print '#!'"$__progname"'\nprint -r -- "${0%/f-argh}"' >f-argh
+       chmod +x f-*
+       u=$(./f-argh)
+       x="korn: $(./f-korn)"; echo "${x/@("$u")/.}"
+       x="dash: $(./f-dash)"; echo "${x/@("$u")/.}"
+       x="bash: $(./f-bash)"; echo "${x/@("$u")/.}"
+expected-stdout:
+       korn: bar='foo'
+       dash: bar='./f-dash'
+       bash: bar='./f-bash'
+---
+name: integer-base-one-1
+description:
+       check if the use of fake integer base 1 works
+stdin:
+       set -U
+       typeset -Uui16 i0=1#ï i1=1#â\82¬
+       typeset -i1 o0a=64
+       typeset -i1 o1a=0x263A
+       typeset -Uui1 o0b=0x7E
+       typeset -Uui1 o1b=0xFDD0
+       integer px=0xCAFE 'p0=1# ' p1=1#… pl=1#f
+       echo "in <$i0> <$i1>"
+       echo "out <${o0a#1#}|${o0b#1#}> <${o1a#1#}|${o1b#1#}>"
+       typeset -Uui1 i0 i1
+       echo "pass <$px> <$p0> <$p1> <$pl> <${i0#1#}|${i1#1#}>"
+       typeset -Uui16 tv1=1#~ tv2=1#\7f tv3=1#\80 tv4=1#\81 tv5=1#À tv6=1#Á tv7=1#  tv8=1#Â\80
+       echo "specX <${tv1#16#}> <${tv2#16#}> <${tv3#16#}> <${tv4#16#}> <${tv5#16#}> <${tv6#16#}> <${tv7#16#}> <${tv8#16#}>"
+       typeset -i1 tv1 tv2 tv3 tv4 tv5 tv6 tv7 tv8
+       echo "specW <${tv1#1#}> <${tv2#1#}> <${tv3#1#}> <${tv4#1#}> <${tv5#1#}> <${tv6#1#}> <${tv7#1#}> <${tv8#1#}>"
+       typeset -i1 xs1=0xEF7F xs2=0xEF80 xs3=0xFDD0
+       echo "specU <${xs1#1#}> <${xs2#1#}> <${xs3#1#}>"
+expected-stdout:
+       in <16#EFEF> <16#20AC>
+       out <@|~> <☺|﷐>
+       pass <16#cafe> <1# > <1#â\80¦> <1#f> <ï|â\82¬>
+       specX <7E> <7F> <EF80> <EF81> <EFC0> <EFC1> <A0> <80>
+       specW <~> <\7f> <\80> <\81> <À> <Á> < > <Â\80>
+       specU <> <\80> <ï·\90>
+---
+name: integer-base-one-2a
+description:
+       check if the use of fake integer base 1 stops at correct characters
+stdin:
+       set -U
+       integer x=1#foo
+       echo /$x/
+expected-stderr-pattern:
+       /1#foo: unexpected 'oo'/
+expected-exit: e != 0
+---
+name: integer-base-one-2b
+description:
+       check if the use of fake integer base 1 stops at correct characters
+stdin:
+       set -U
+       integer x=1#À\80
+       echo /$x/
+expected-stderr-pattern:
+       /1#À\80: unexpected '\80'/
+expected-exit: e != 0
+---
+name: integer-base-one-2c1
+description:
+       check if the use of fake integer base 1 stops at correct characters
+stdin:
+       set -U
+       integer x=1#…
+       echo /$x/
+expected-stdout:
+       /1#…/
+---
+name: integer-base-one-2c2
+description:
+       check if the use of fake integer base 1 stops at correct characters
+stdin:
+       set +U
+       integer x=1#…
+       echo /$x/
+expected-stderr-pattern:
+       /1#â\80¦: unexpected '\80'/
+expected-exit: e != 0
+---
+name: integer-base-one-2d1
+description:
+       check if the use of fake integer base 1 handles octets okay
+stdin:
+       set -U
+       typeset -i16 x=1#ÿ
+       echo /$x/       # invalid utf-8
+expected-stdout:
+       /16#efff/
+---
+name: integer-base-one-2d2
+description:
+       check if the use of fake integer base 1 handles octets
+stdin:
+       set -U
+       typeset -i16 x=1#Â
+       echo /$x/       # invalid 2-byte
+expected-stdout:
+       /16#efc2/
+---
+name: integer-base-one-2d3
+description:
+       check if the use of fake integer base 1 handles octets
+stdin:
+       set -U
+       typeset -i16 x=1#ï
+       echo /$x/       # invalid 2-byte
+expected-stdout:
+       /16#efef/
+---
+name: integer-base-one-2d4
+description:
+       check if the use of fake integer base 1 stops at invalid input
+stdin:
+       set -U
+       typeset -i16 x=1#ï¿À
+       echo /$x/       # invalid 3-byte
+expected-stderr-pattern:
+       /1#ï¿À: unexpected '¿'/
+expected-exit: e != 0
+---
+name: integer-base-one-2d5
+description:
+       check if the use of fake integer base 1 stops at invalid input
+stdin:
+       set -U
+       typeset -i16 x=1#À\80
+       echo /$x/       # non-minimalistic
+expected-stderr-pattern:
+       /1#À\80: unexpected '\80'/
+expected-exit: e != 0
+---
+name: integer-base-one-2d6
+description:
+       check if the use of fake integer base 1 stops at invalid input
+stdin:
+       set -U
+       typeset -i16 x=1#à\80\80
+       echo /$x/       # non-minimalistic
+expected-stderr-pattern:
+       /1#à\80\80: unexpected '\80'/
+expected-exit: e != 0
+---
+name: integer-base-one-3As
+description:
+       some sample code for hexdumping
+       not NUL safe; input lines must be NL terminated
+stdin:
+       {
+               print 'Hello, World!\\\nこんにちは!'
+               typeset -Uui16 i=0x100
+               # change that to 0xFF once we can handle embedded
+               # NUL characters in strings / here documents
+               while (( i++ < 0x1FF )); do
+                       print -n "\x${i#16#1}"
+               done
+               print '\0z'
+       } | {
+               # integer-base-one-3As
+               typeset -Uui16 -Z11 pos=0
+               typeset -Uui16 -Z5 hv=2147483647
+               typeset -i1 wc=0x0A
+               dasc=
+               nl=${wc#1#}
+               while IFS= read -r line; do
+                       line=$line$nl
+                       while [[ -n $line ]]; do
+                               hv=1#${line::1}
+                               if (( (pos & 15) == 0 )); then
+                                       (( pos )) && print "$dasc|"
+                                       print -n "${pos#16#}  "
+                                       dasc=' |'
+                               fi
+                               print -n "${hv#16#} "
+                               if (( (hv < 32) || (hv > 126) )); then
+                                       dasc=$dasc.
+                               else
+                                       dasc=$dasc${line::1}
+                               fi
+                               (( (pos++ & 15) == 7 )) && print -n -- '- '
+                               line=${line:1}
+                       done
+               done
+               while (( pos & 15 )); do
+                       print -n '   '
+                       (( (pos++ & 15) == 7 )) && print -n -- '- '
+               done
+               (( hv == 2147483647 )) || print "$dasc|"
+       }
+expected-stdout:
+       00000000  48 65 6C 6C 6F 2C 20 57 - 6F 72 6C 64 21 5C 0A E3  |Hello, World!\..|
+       00000010  81 93 E3 82 93 E3 81 AB - E3 81 A1 E3 81 AF EF BC  |................|
+       00000020  81 0A 01 02 03 04 05 06 - 07 08 09 0A 0B 0C 0D 0E  |................|
+       00000030  0F 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 - 17 18 19 1A 1B 1C 1D 1E  |................|
+       00000040  1F 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 - 27 28 29 2A 2B 2C 2D 2E  |. !"#$%&'()*+,-.|
+       00000050  2F 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 - 37 38 39 3A 3B 3C 3D 3E  |/0123456789:;<=>|
+       00000060  3F 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 - 47 48 49 4A 4B 4C 4D 4E  |?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMN|
+       00000070  4F 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 - 57 58 59 5A 5B 5C 5D 5E  |OPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^|
+       00000080  5F 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 - 67 68 69 6A 6B 6C 6D 6E  |_`abcdefghijklmn|
+       00000090  6F 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 - 77 78 79 7A 7B 7C 7D 7E  |opqrstuvwxyz{|}~|
+       000000A0  7F 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 - 87 88 89 8A 8B 8C 8D 8E  |................|
+       000000B0  8F 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 - 97 98 99 9A 9B 9C 9D 9E  |................|
+       000000C0  9F A0 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 - A7 A8 A9 AA AB AC AD AE  |................|
+       000000D0  AF B0 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 - B7 B8 B9 BA BB BC BD BE  |................|
+       000000E0  BF C0 C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 - C7 C8 C9 CA CB CC CD CE  |................|
+       000000F0  CF D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 - D7 D8 D9 DA DB DC DD DE  |................|
+       00000100  DF E0 E1 E2 E3 E4 E5 E6 - E7 E8 E9 EA EB EC ED EE  |................|
+       00000110  EF F0 F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 - F7 F8 F9 FA FB FC FD FE  |................|
+       00000120  FF 7A 0A                -                          |.z.|
+---
+name: integer-base-one-3Ws
+description:
+       some sample code for hexdumping Unicode
+       not NUL safe; input lines must be NL terminated
+stdin:
+       set -U
+       {
+               print 'Hello, World!\\\nこんにちは!'
+               typeset -Uui16 i=0x100
+               # change that to 0xFF once we can handle embedded
+               # NUL characters in strings / here documents
+               while (( i++ < 0x1FF )); do
+                       print -n "\u${i#16#1}"
+               done
+               print
+               print \\xff             # invalid utf-8
+               print \\xc2             # invalid 2-byte
+               print \\xef\\xbf\\xc0   # invalid 3-byte
+               print \\xc0\\x80        # non-minimalistic
+               print \\xe0\\x80\\x80   # non-minimalistic
+               print '�￾￿'       # end of range
+               print '\0z'             # embedded NUL
+       } | {
+               # integer-base-one-3Ws
+               typeset -Uui16 -Z11 pos=0
+               typeset -Uui16 -Z7 hv
+               typeset -i1 wc=0x0A
+               typeset -i lpos
+               dasc=
+               nl=${wc#1#}
+               while IFS= read -r line; do
+                       line=$line$nl
+                       lpos=0
+                       while (( lpos < ${#line} )); do
+                               wc=1#${line:(lpos++):1}
+                               if (( (wc < 32) || \
+                                   ((wc > 126) && (wc < 160)) )); then
+                                       dch=.
+                               elif (( (wc & 0xFF80) == 0xEF80 )); then
+                                       dch=�
+                               else
+                                       dch=${wc#1#}
+                               fi
+                               if (( (pos & 7) == 7 )); then
+                                       dasc=$dasc$dch
+                                       dch=
+                               elif (( (pos & 7) == 0 )); then
+                                       (( pos )) && print "$dasc|"
+                                       print -n "${pos#16#}  "
+                                       dasc=' |'
+                               fi
+                               let hv=wc
+                               print -n "${hv#16#} "
+                               (( (pos++ & 7) == 3 )) && \
+                                   print -n -- '- '
+                               dasc=$dasc$dch
+                       done
+               done
+               while (( pos & 7 )); do
+                       print -n '     '
+                       (( (pos++ & 7) == 3 )) && print -n -- '- '
+               done
+               (( hv == 2147483647 )) || print "$dasc|"
+       }
+expected-stdout:
+       00000000  0048 0065 006C 006C - 006F 002C 0020 0057  |Hello, W|
+       00000008  006F 0072 006C 0064 - 0021 005C 000A 3053  |orld!\.こ|
+       00000010  3093 306B 3061 306F - FF01 000A 0001 0002  |んにちは!...|
+       00000018  0003 0004 0005 0006 - 0007 0008 0009 000A  |........|
+       00000020  000B 000C 000D 000E - 000F 0010 0011 0012  |........|
+       00000028  0013 0014 0015 0016 - 0017 0018 0019 001A  |........|
+       00000030  001B 001C 001D 001E - 001F 0020 0021 0022  |..... !"|
+       00000038  0023 0024 0025 0026 - 0027 0028 0029 002A  |#$%&'()*|
+       00000040  002B 002C 002D 002E - 002F 0030 0031 0032  |+,-./012|
+       00000048  0033 0034 0035 0036 - 0037 0038 0039 003A  |3456789:|
+       00000050  003B 003C 003D 003E - 003F 0040 0041 0042  |;<=>?@AB|
+       00000058  0043 0044 0045 0046 - 0047 0048 0049 004A  |CDEFGHIJ|
+       00000060  004B 004C 004D 004E - 004F 0050 0051 0052  |KLMNOPQR|
+       00000068  0053 0054 0055 0056 - 0057 0058 0059 005A  |STUVWXYZ|
+       00000070  005B 005C 005D 005E - 005F 0060 0061 0062  |[\]^_`ab|
+       00000078  0063 0064 0065 0066 - 0067 0068 0069 006A  |cdefghij|
+       00000080  006B 006C 006D 006E - 006F 0070 0071 0072  |klmnopqr|
+       00000088  0073 0074 0075 0076 - 0077 0078 0079 007A  |stuvwxyz|
+       00000090  007B 007C 007D 007E - 007F 0080 0081 0082  |{|}~....|
+       00000098  0083 0084 0085 0086 - 0087 0088 0089 008A  |........|
+       000000A0  008B 008C 008D 008E - 008F 0090 0091 0092  |........|
+       000000A8  0093 0094 0095 0096 - 0097 0098 0099 009A  |........|
+       000000B0  009B 009C 009D 009E - 009F 00A0 00A1 00A2  |..... ¡¢|
+       000000B8  00A3 00A4 00A5 00A6 - 00A7 00A8 00A9 00AA  |£¤¥¦§¨©ª|
+       000000C0  00AB 00AC 00AD 00AE - 00AF 00B0 00B1 00B2  |«¬­®¯°±²|
+       000000C8  00B3 00B4 00B5 00B6 - 00B7 00B8 00B9 00BA  |³´µ¶·¸¹º|
+       000000D0  00BB 00BC 00BD 00BE - 00BF 00C0 00C1 00C2  |»¼½¾¿ÀÁÂ|
+       000000D8  00C3 00C4 00C5 00C6 - 00C7 00C8 00C9 00CA  |ÃÄÅÆÇÈÉÊ|
+       000000E0  00CB 00CC 00CD 00CE - 00CF 00D0 00D1 00D2  |ËÌÍÎÏÐÑÒ|
+       000000E8  00D3 00D4 00D5 00D6 - 00D7 00D8 00D9 00DA  |ÓÔÕÖרÙÚ|
+       000000F0  00DB 00DC 00DD 00DE - 00DF 00E0 00E1 00E2  |ÛÜÝÞßàáâ|
+       000000F8  00E3 00E4 00E5 00E6 - 00E7 00E8 00E9 00EA  |ãäåæçèéê|
+       00000100  00EB 00EC 00ED 00EE - 00EF 00F0 00F1 00F2  |ëìíîïðñò|
+       00000108  00F3 00F4 00F5 00F6 - 00F7 00F8 00F9 00FA  |óôõö÷øùú|
+       00000110  00FB 00FC 00FD 00FE - 00FF 000A EFFF 000A  |ûüýþÿ.�.|
+       00000118  EFC2 000A EFEF EFBF - EFC0 000A EFC0 EF80  |�.���.��|
+       00000120  000A EFE0 EF80 EF80 - 000A FFFD EFEF EFBF  |.���.���|
+       00000128  EFBE EFEF EFBF EFBF - 000A 007A 000A       |����.z.|
+---
+name: integer-base-one-3Ar
+description:
+       some sample code for hexdumping; NUL and binary safe
+stdin:
+       {
+               print 'Hello, World!\\\nこんにちは!'
+               typeset -Uui16 i=0x100
+               # change that to 0xFF once we can handle embedded
+               # NUL characters in strings / here documents
+               while (( i++ < 0x1FF )); do
+                       print -n "\x${i#16#1}"
+               done
+               print '\0z'
+       } | {
+               # integer-base-one-3Ar
+               typeset -Uui16 -Z11 pos=0
+               typeset -Uui16 -Z5 hv=2147483647
+               dasc=
+               if read -arN -1 line; then
+                       typeset -i1 line
+                       i=0
+                       while (( i < ${#line[*]} )); do
+                               hv=${line[i++]}
+                               if (( (pos & 15) == 0 )); then
+                                       (( pos )) && print "$dasc|"
+                                       print -n "${pos#16#}  "
+                                       dasc=' |'
+                               fi
+                               print -n "${hv#16#} "
+                               if (( (hv < 32) || (hv > 126) )); then
+                                       dasc=$dasc.
+                               else
+                                       dasc=$dasc${line[i-1]#1#}
+                               fi
+                               (( (pos++ & 15) == 7 )) && print -n -- '- '
+                       done
+               fi
+               while (( pos & 15 )); do
+                       print -n '   '
+                       (( (pos++ & 15) == 7 )) && print -n -- '- '
+               done
+               (( hv == 2147483647 )) || print "$dasc|"
+       }
+expected-stdout:
+       00000000  48 65 6C 6C 6F 2C 20 57 - 6F 72 6C 64 21 5C 0A E3  |Hello, World!\..|
+       00000010  81 93 E3 82 93 E3 81 AB - E3 81 A1 E3 81 AF EF BC  |................|
+       00000020  81 0A 01 02 03 04 05 06 - 07 08 09 0A 0B 0C 0D 0E  |................|
+       00000030  0F 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 - 17 18 19 1A 1B 1C 1D 1E  |................|
+       00000040  1F 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 - 27 28 29 2A 2B 2C 2D 2E  |. !"#$%&'()*+,-.|
+       00000050  2F 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 - 37 38 39 3A 3B 3C 3D 3E  |/0123456789:;<=>|
+       00000060  3F 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 - 47 48 49 4A 4B 4C 4D 4E  |?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMN|
+       00000070  4F 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 - 57 58 59 5A 5B 5C 5D 5E  |OPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^|
+       00000080  5F 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 - 67 68 69 6A 6B 6C 6D 6E  |_`abcdefghijklmn|
+       00000090  6F 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 - 77 78 79 7A 7B 7C 7D 7E  |opqrstuvwxyz{|}~|
+       000000A0  7F 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 - 87 88 89 8A 8B 8C 8D 8E  |................|
+       000000B0  8F 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 - 97 98 99 9A 9B 9C 9D 9E  |................|
+       000000C0  9F A0 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 - A7 A8 A9 AA AB AC AD AE  |................|
+       000000D0  AF B0 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 - B7 B8 B9 BA BB BC BD BE  |................|
+       000000E0  BF C0 C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 - C7 C8 C9 CA CB CC CD CE  |................|
+       000000F0  CF D0 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 - D7 D8 D9 DA DB DC DD DE  |................|
+       00000100  DF E0 E1 E2 E3 E4 E5 E6 - E7 E8 E9 EA EB EC ED EE  |................|
+       00000110  EF F0 F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 - F7 F8 F9 FA FB FC FD FE  |................|
+       00000120  FF 00 7A 0A             -                          |..z.|
+---
+name: integer-base-one-3Wr
+description:
+       some sample code for hexdumping Unicode; NUL and binary safe
+stdin:
+       set -U
+       {
+               print 'Hello, World!\\\nこんにちは!'
+               typeset -Uui16 i=0x100
+               # change that to 0xFF once we can handle embedded
+               # NUL characters in strings / here documents
+               while (( i++ < 0x1FF )); do
+                       print -n "\u${i#16#1}"
+               done
+               print
+               print \\xff             # invalid utf-8
+               print \\xc2             # invalid 2-byte
+               print \\xef\\xbf\\xc0   # invalid 3-byte
+               print \\xc0\\x80        # non-minimalistic
+               print \\xe0\\x80\\x80   # non-minimalistic
+               print '�￾￿'       # end of range
+               print '\0z'             # embedded NUL
+       } | {
+               # integer-base-one-3Wr
+               typeset -Uui16 -Z11 pos=0
+               typeset -Uui16 -Z7 hv=2147483647
+               dasc=
+               if read -arN -1 line; then
+                       typeset -i1 line
+                       i=0
+                       while (( i < ${#line[*]} )); do
+                               hv=${line[i++]}
+                               if (( (hv < 32) || \
+                                   ((hv > 126) && (hv < 160)) )); then
+                                       dch=.
+                               elif (( (hv & 0xFF80) == 0xEF80 )); then
+                                       dch=�
+                               else
+                                       dch=${line[i-1]#1#}
+                               fi
+                               if (( (pos & 7) == 7 )); then
+                                       dasc=$dasc$dch
+                                       dch=
+                               elif (( (pos & 7) == 0 )); then
+                                       (( pos )) && print "$dasc|"
+                                       print -n "${pos#16#}  "
+                                       dasc=' |'
+                               fi
+                               print -n "${hv#16#} "
+                               (( (pos++ & 7) == 3 )) && \
+                                   print -n -- '- '
+                               dasc=$dasc$dch
+                       done
+               fi
+               while (( pos & 7 )); do
+                       print -n '     '
+                       (( (pos++ & 7) == 3 )) && print -n -- '- '
+               done
+               (( hv == 2147483647 )) || print "$dasc|"
+       }
+expected-stdout:
+       00000000  0048 0065 006C 006C - 006F 002C 0020 0057  |Hello, W|
+       00000008  006F 0072 006C 0064 - 0021 005C 000A 3053  |orld!\.こ|
+       00000010  3093 306B 3061 306F - FF01 000A 0001 0002  |んにちは!...|
+       00000018  0003 0004 0005 0006 - 0007 0008 0009 000A  |........|
+       00000020  000B 000C 000D 000E - 000F 0010 0011 0012  |........|
+       00000028  0013 0014 0015 0016 - 0017 0018 0019 001A  |........|
+       00000030  001B 001C 001D 001E - 001F 0020 0021 0022  |..... !"|
+       00000038  0023 0024 0025 0026 - 0027 0028 0029 002A  |#$%&'()*|
+       00000040  002B 002C 002D 002E - 002F 0030 0031 0032  |+,-./012|
+       00000048  0033 0034 0035 0036 - 0037 0038 0039 003A  |3456789:|
+       00000050  003B 003C 003D 003E - 003F 0040 0041 0042  |;<=>?@AB|
+       00000058  0043 0044 0045 0046 - 0047 0048 0049 004A  |CDEFGHIJ|
+       00000060  004B 004C 004D 004E - 004F 0050 0051 0052  |KLMNOPQR|
+       00000068  0053 0054 0055 0056 - 0057 0058 0059 005A  |STUVWXYZ|
+       00000070  005B 005C 005D 005E - 005F 0060 0061 0062  |[\]^_`ab|
+       00000078  0063 0064 0065 0066 - 0067 0068 0069 006A  |cdefghij|
+       00000080  006B 006C 006D 006E - 006F 0070 0071 0072  |klmnopqr|
+       00000088  0073 0074 0075 0076 - 0077 0078 0079 007A  |stuvwxyz|
+       00000090  007B 007C 007D 007E - 007F 0080 0081 0082  |{|}~....|
+       00000098  0083 0084 0085 0086 - 0087 0088 0089 008A  |........|
+       000000A0  008B 008C 008D 008E - 008F 0090 0091 0092  |........|
+       000000A8  0093 0094 0095 0096 - 0097 0098 0099 009A  |........|
+       000000B0  009B 009C 009D 009E - 009F 00A0 00A1 00A2  |..... ¡¢|
+       000000B8  00A3 00A4 00A5 00A6 - 00A7 00A8 00A9 00AA  |£¤¥¦§¨©ª|
+       000000C0  00AB 00AC 00AD 00AE - 00AF 00B0 00B1 00B2  |«¬­®¯°±²|
+       000000C8  00B3 00B4 00B5 00B6 - 00B7 00B8 00B9 00BA  |³´µ¶·¸¹º|
+       000000D0  00BB 00BC 00BD 00BE - 00BF 00C0 00C1 00C2  |»¼½¾¿ÀÁÂ|
+       000000D8  00C3 00C4 00C5 00C6 - 00C7 00C8 00C9 00CA  |ÃÄÅÆÇÈÉÊ|
+       000000E0  00CB 00CC 00CD 00CE - 00CF 00D0 00D1 00D2  |ËÌÍÎÏÐÑÒ|
+       000000E8  00D3 00D4 00D5 00D6 - 00D7 00D8 00D9 00DA  |ÓÔÕÖרÙÚ|
+       000000F0  00DB 00DC 00DD 00DE - 00DF 00E0 00E1 00E2  |ÛÜÝÞßàáâ|
+       000000F8  00E3 00E4 00E5 00E6 - 00E7 00E8 00E9 00EA  |ãäåæçèéê|
+       00000100  00EB 00EC 00ED 00EE - 00EF 00F0 00F1 00F2  |ëìíîïðñò|
+       00000108  00F3 00F4 00F5 00F6 - 00F7 00F8 00F9 00FA  |óôõö÷øùú|
+       00000110  00FB 00FC 00FD 00FE - 00FF 000A EFFF 000A  |ûüýþÿ.�.|
+       00000118  EFC2 000A EFEF EFBF - EFC0 000A EFC0 EF80  |�.���.��|
+       00000120  000A EFE0 EF80 EF80 - 000A FFFD EFEF EFBF  |.���.���|
+       00000128  EFBE EFEF EFBF EFBF - 000A 0000 007A 000A  |����..z.|
+---
+name: integer-base-one-4
+description:
+       Check if ksh93-style base-one integers work
+category: !smksh
+stdin:
+       set -U
+       echo 1 $(('a'))
+       (echo 2f $(('aa'))) 2>&1 | sed "s/^[^']*'/2p '/"
+       echo 3 $(('…'))
+       x="'a'"
+       echo "4 <$x>"
+       echo 5 $(($x))
+       echo 6 $((x))
+expected-stdout:
+       1 97
+       2p 'aa': multi-character character constant
+       3 8230
+       4 <'a'>
+       5 97
+       6 97
+---
+name: integer-base-one-5A
+description:
+       Check to see that we’re NUL and Unicode safe
+stdin:
+       set +U
+       print 'a\0b\xfdz' >x
+       read -a y <x
+       set -U
+       typeset -Uui16 y
+       print ${y[*]} .
+expected-stdout:
+       16#61 16#0 16#62 16#FD 16#7A .
+---
+name: integer-base-one-5W
+description:
+       Check to see that we’re NUL and Unicode safe
+stdin:
+       set -U
+       print 'a\0b€c' >x
+       read -a y <x
+       set +U
+       typeset -Uui16 y
+       print ${y[*]} .
+expected-stdout:
+       16#61 16#0 16#62 16#20AC 16#63 .
+---
+name: ulimit-1
+description:
+       Check if we can use a specific syntax idiom for ulimit
+category: !os:syllable
+stdin:
+       if ! x=$(ulimit -d) || [[ $x = unknown ]]; then
+               #echo expected to fail on this OS
+               echo okay
+       else
+               ulimit -dS $x && echo okay
+       fi
+expected-stdout:
+       okay
+---
+name: redir-1
+description:
+       Check some of the most basic invariants of I/O redirection
+stdin:
+       i=0
+       function d {
+               print o$i.
+               print -u2 e$((i++)).
+       }
+       d >a 2>b
+       echo =1=
+       cat a
+       echo =2=
+       cat b
+       echo =3=
+       d 2>&1 >c
+       echo =4=
+       cat c
+       echo =5=
+expected-stdout:
+       =1=
+       o0.
+       =2=
+       e0.
+       =3=
+       e1.
+       =4=
+       o1.
+       =5=
+---
+name: bashiop-1
+description:
+       Check if GNU bash-like I/O redirection works
+       Part 1: this is also supported by GNU bash
+category: shell:legacy-no
+stdin:
+       exec 3>&1
+       function threeout {
+               echo ras
+               echo dwa >&2
+               echo tri >&3
+       }
+       threeout &>foo
+       echo ===
+       cat foo
+expected-stdout:
+       tri
+       ===
+       ras
+       dwa
+---
+name: bashiop-2a
+description:
+       Check if GNU bash-like I/O redirection works
+       Part 2: this is *not* supported by GNU bash
+category: shell:legacy-no
+stdin:
+       exec 3>&1
+       function threeout {
+               echo ras
+               echo dwa >&2
+               echo tri >&3
+       }
+       threeout 3&>foo
+       echo ===
+       cat foo
+expected-stdout:
+       ras
+       ===
+       dwa
+       tri
+---
+name: bashiop-2b
+description:
+       Check if GNU bash-like I/O redirection works
+       Part 2: this is *not* supported by GNU bash
+category: shell:legacy-no
+stdin:
+       exec 3>&1
+       function threeout {
+               echo ras
+               echo dwa >&2
+               echo tri >&3
+       }
+       threeout 3>foo &>&3
+       echo ===
+       cat foo
+expected-stdout:
+       ===
+       ras
+       dwa
+       tri
+---
+name: bashiop-2c
+description:
+       Check if GNU bash-like I/O redirection works
+       Part 2: this is supported by GNU bash 4 only
+category: shell:legacy-no
+stdin:
+       echo mir >foo
+       set -o noclobber
+       exec 3>&1
+       function threeout {
+               echo ras
+               echo dwa >&2
+               echo tri >&3
+       }
+       threeout &>>foo
+       echo ===
+       cat foo
+expected-stdout:
+       tri
+       ===
+       mir
+       ras
+       dwa
+---
+name: bashiop-3a
+description:
+       Check if GNU bash-like I/O redirection fails correctly
+       Part 1: this is also supported by GNU bash
+category: shell:legacy-no
+stdin:
+       echo mir >foo
+       set -o noclobber
+       exec 3>&1
+       function threeout {
+               echo ras
+               echo dwa >&2
+               echo tri >&3
+       }
+       threeout &>foo
+       echo ===
+       cat foo
+expected-stdout:
+       ===
+       mir
+expected-stderr-pattern: /.*: can't (create|overwrite) .*/
+---
+name: bashiop-3b
+description:
+       Check if GNU bash-like I/O redirection fails correctly
+       Part 2: this is *not* supported by GNU bash
+category: shell:legacy-no
+stdin:
+       echo mir >foo
+       set -o noclobber
+       exec 3>&1
+       function threeout {
+               echo ras
+               echo dwa >&2
+               echo tri >&3
+       }
+       threeout &>|foo
+       echo ===
+       cat foo
+expected-stdout:
+       tri
+       ===
+       ras
+       dwa
+---
+name: bashiop-4
+description:
+       Check if GNU bash-like I/O redirection works
+       Part 4: this is also supported by GNU bash,
+       but failed in some mksh versions
+category: shell:legacy-no
+stdin:
+       exec 3>&1
+       function threeout {
+               echo ras
+               echo dwa >&2
+               echo tri >&3
+       }
+       function blubb {
+               [[ -e bar ]] && threeout "$bf" &>foo
+       }
+       blubb
+       echo -n >bar
+       blubb
+       echo ===
+       cat foo
+expected-stdout:
+       tri
+       ===
+       ras
+       dwa
+---
+name: bashiop-5-normal
+description:
+       Check if GNU bash-like I/O redirection is only supported
+       in !POSIX !sh mode as it breaks existing scripts' syntax
+category: shell:legacy-no
+stdin:
+       :>x; echo 1 "$("$__progname" -c 'echo foo>/dev/null&>x echo bar')" = "$(<x)" .
+       :>x; echo 2 "$("$__progname" -o posix -c 'echo foo>/dev/null&>x echo bar')" = "$(<x)" .
+       :>x; echo 3 "$("$__progname" -o sh -c 'echo foo>/dev/null&>x echo bar')" = "$(<x)" .
+expected-stdout:
+       1  = foo echo bar .
+       2  = bar .
+       3  = bar .
+---
+name: bashiop-5-legacy
+description:
+       Check if GNU bash-like I/O redirection is not parsed
+       in lksh as it breaks existing scripts' syntax
+category: shell:legacy-yes
+stdin:
+       :>x; echo 1 "$("$__progname" -c 'echo foo>/dev/null&>x echo bar')" = "$(<x)" .
+       :>x; echo 2 "$("$__progname" -o posix -c 'echo foo>/dev/null&>x echo bar')" = "$(<x)" .
+       :>x; echo 3 "$("$__progname" -o sh -c 'echo foo>/dev/null&>x echo bar')" = "$(<x)" .
+expected-stdout:
+       1  = bar .
+       2  = bar .
+       3  = bar .
+---
+name: mkshiop-1
+description:
+       Check for support of more than 9 file descriptors
+category: !convfds
+stdin:
+       read -u10 foo 10<<< bar
+       echo x$foo
+expected-stdout:
+       xbar
+---
+name: mkshiop-2
+description:
+       Check for support of more than 9 file descriptors
+category: !convfds
+stdin:
+       exec 12>foo
+       print -u12 bar
+       echo baz >&12
+       cat foo
+expected-stdout:
+       bar
+       baz
+---
+name: oksh-eval
+description:
+       Check expansions.
+stdin:
+       a=
+       for n in ${a#*=}; do echo 1hu ${n} .; done
+       for n in "${a#*=}"; do echo 1hq ${n} .; done
+       for n in ${a##*=}; do echo 2hu ${n} .; done
+       for n in "${a##*=}"; do echo 2hq ${n} .; done
+       for n in ${a%=*}; do echo 1pu ${n} .; done
+       for n in "${a%=*}"; do echo 1pq ${n} .; done
+       for n in ${a%%=*}; do echo 2pu ${n} .; done
+       for n in "${a%%=*}"; do echo 2pq ${n} .; done
+expected-stdout:
+       1hq .
+       2hq .
+       1pq .
+       2pq .
+---
+name: oksh-and-list-error-1
+description:
+       Test exit status of rightmost element in 2 element && list in -e mode
+stdin:
+       true && false
+       echo "should not print"
+arguments: !-e!
+expected-exit: e != 0
+---
+name: oksh-and-list-error-2
+description:
+       Test exit status of rightmost element in 3 element && list in -e mode
+stdin:
+       true && true && false
+       echo "should not print"
+arguments: !-e!
+expected-exit: e != 0
+---
+name: oksh-or-list-error-1
+description:
+       Test exit status of || list in -e mode
+stdin:
+       false || false
+       echo "should not print"
+arguments: !-e!
+expected-exit: e != 0
+---
+name: oksh-longline-crash
+description:
+       This used to cause a core dump
+stdin:
+       ulimit -c 0
+       deplibs="-lz -lpng /usr/local/lib/libjpeg.la -ltiff -lm -lX11 -lXext /usr/local/lib/libiconv.la -L/usr/local/lib -L/usr/ports/devel/gettext/w-gettext-0.10.40/gettext-0.10.40/intl/.libs /usr/local/lib/libintl.la /usr/local/lib/libglib.la /usr/local/lib/libgmodule.la -lintl -lm -lX11 -lXext -L/usr/X11R6/lib -lglib -lgmodule -L/usr/local/lib /usr/local/lib/libgdk.la -lintl -lm -lX11 -lXext -L/usr/X11R6/lib -lglib -lgmodule -L/usr/local/lib /usr/local/lib/libgtk.la -ltiff -ljpeg -lz -lpng -lm -lX11 -lXext -lintl -lglib -lgmodule -lgdk -lgtk -L/usr/X11R6/lib -lglib -lgmodule -L/usr/local/lib /usr/local/lib/libgdk_pixbuf.la -lz -lpng /usr/local/lib/libiconv.la -L/usr/local/lib -L/usr/ports/devel/gettext/w-gettext-0.10.40/gettext-0.10.40/intl/.libs /usr/local/lib/libintl.la /usr/local/lib/libglib.la -lm -lm /usr/local/lib/libaudiofile.la -lm -lm -laudiofile -L/usr/local/lib /usr/local/lib/libesd.la -lm -lz -L/usr/local/lib /usr/local/lib/libgnomesupport.la -lm -lz -lm -lglib -L/usr/local/lib /usr/local/lib/libgnome.la -lX11 -lXext /usr/local/lib/libiconv.la -L/usr/local/lib -L/usr/ports/devel/gettext/w-gettext-0.10.40/gettext-0.10.40/intl/.libs /usr/local/lib/libintl.la /usr/local/lib/libgmodule.la -lintl -lm -lX11 -lXext -L/usr/X11R6/lib -lglib -lgmodule -L/usr/local/lib /usr/local/lib/libgdk.la -lintl -lm -lX11 -lXext -L/usr/X11R6/lib -lglib -lgmodule -L/usr/local/lib /usr/local/lib/libgtk.la -lICE -lSM -lz -lpng /usr/local/lib/libungif.la /usr/local/lib/libjpeg.la -ltiff -lm -lz -lpng /usr/local/lib/libungif.la -lz /usr/local/lib/libjpeg.la -ltiff -L/usr/local/lib -L/usr/X11R6/lib /usr/local/lib/libgdk_imlib.la -lm -L/usr/local/lib /usr/local/lib/libart_lgpl.la -lm -lz -lm -lX11 -lXext -lintl -lglib -lgmodule -lgdk -lgtk -lICE -lSM -lm -lX11 -lXext -lintl -lglib -lgmodule -lgdk -lgtk -L/usr/X11R6/lib -lm -lz -lpng -lungif -lz -ljpeg -ltiff -ljpeg -lgdk_imlib -lglib -lm -laudiofile -lm -laudiofile -lesd -L/usr/local/lib /usr/local/lib/libgnomeui.la -lz -lz /usr/local/lib/libxml.la -lz -lz -lz /usr/local/lib/libxml.la -lm -lX11 -lXext /usr/local/lib/libiconv.la -L/usr/ports/devel/gettext/w-gettext-0.10.40/gettext-0.10.40/intl/.libs /usr/local/lib/libintl.la /usr/local/lib/libglib.la /usr/local/lib/libgmodule.la -lintl -lglib -lgmodule /usr/local/lib/libgdk.la /usr/local/lib/libgtk.la -L/usr/X11R6/lib -L/usr/local/lib /usr/local/lib/libglade.la -lz -lz -lz /usr/local/lib/libxml.la /usr/local/lib/libglib.la -lm -lm /usr/local/lib/libaudiofile.la -lm -lm -laudiofile /usr/local/lib/libesd.la -lm -lz /usr/local/lib/libgnomesupport.la -lm -lz -lm -lglib /usr/local/lib/libgnome.la -lX11 -lXext /usr/local/lib/libiconv.la -L/usr/ports/devel/gettext/w-gettext-0.10.40/gettext-0.10.40/intl/.libs /usr/local/lib/libintl.la /usr/local/lib/libgmodule.la -lintl -lm -lX11 -lXext -lglib -lgmodule /usr/local/lib/libgdk.la -lintl -lm -lX11 -lXext -lglib -lgmodule /usr/local/lib/libgtk.la -lICE -lSM -lz -lpng /usr/local/lib/libungif.la /usr/local/lib/libjpeg.la -ltiff -lm -lz -lz /usr/local/lib/libgdk_imlib.la /usr/local/lib/libart_lgpl.la -lm -lz -lm -lX11 -lXext -lintl -lglib -lgmodule -lgdk -lgtk -lm -lX11 -lXext -lintl -lglib -lgmodule -lgdk -lgtk -lm -lz -lungif -lz -ljpeg -ljpeg -lgdk_imlib -lglib -lm -laudiofile -lm -laudiofile -lesd /usr/local/lib/libgnomeui.la -L/usr/X11R6/lib -L/usr/local/lib /usr/local/lib/libglade-gnome.la /usr/local/lib/libglib.la -lm -lm /usr/local/lib/libaudiofile.la -lm -lm -laudiofile -L/usr/local/lib /usr/local/lib/libesd.la -lm -lz -L/usr/local/lib /usr/local/lib/libgnomesupport.la -lm -lz -lm -lglib -L/usr/local/lib /usr/local/lib/libgnome.la -lX11 -lXext /usr/local/lib/libiconv.la -L/usr/local/lib -L/usr/ports/devel/gettext/w-gettext-0.10.40/gettext-0.10.40/intl/.libs /usr/local/lib/libintl.la /usr/local/lib/libgmodule.la -lintl -lm -lX11 -lXext -L/usr/X11R6/lib -lglib -lgmodule -L/usr/local/lib /usr/local/lib/libgdk.la -lintl -lm -lX11 -lXext -L/usr/X11R6/lib -lglib -lgmodule -L/usr/local/lib /usr/local/lib/libgtk.la -lICE -lSM -lz -lpng /usr/local/lib/libungif.la /usr/local/lib/libjpeg.la -ltiff -lm -lz -lpng /usr/local/lib/libungif.la -lz /usr/local/lib/libjpeg.la -ltiff -L/usr/local/lib -L/usr/X11R6/lib /usr/local/lib/libgdk_imlib.la -lm -L/usr/local/lib /usr/local/lib/libart_lgpl.la -lm -lz -lm -lX11 -lXext -lintl -lglib -lgmodule -lgdk -lgtk -lICE -lSM -lm -lX11 -lXext -lintl -lglib -lgmodule -lgdk -lgtk -L/usr/X11R6/lib -lm -lz -lpng -lungif -lz -ljpeg -ltiff -ljpeg -lgdk_imlib -lglib -lm -laudiofile -lm -laudiofile -lesd -L/usr/local/lib /usr/local/lib/libgnomeui.la -L/usr/X11R6/lib -L/usr/local/lib"
+       specialdeplibs="-lgnomeui -lart_lgpl -lgdk_imlib -ltiff -ljpeg -lungif -lpng -lz -lSM -lICE -lgtk -lgdk -lgmodule -lintl -lXext -lX11 -lgnome -lgnomesupport -lesd -laudiofile -lm -lglib"
+       for deplib in $deplibs; do
+               case $deplib in
+               -L*)
+                       new_libs="$deplib $new_libs"
+                       ;;
+               *)
+                       case " $specialdeplibs " in
+                       *" $deplib "*)
+                               new_libs="$deplib $new_libs";;
+                       esac
+                       ;;
+               esac
+       done
+---
+name: oksh-seterror-1
+description:
+       The -e flag should be ignored when executing a compound list
+       followed by an if statement.
+stdin:
+       if true; then false && false; fi
+       true
+arguments: !-e!
+expected-exit: e == 0
+---
+name: oksh-seterror-2
+description:
+       The -e flag should be ignored when executing a compound list
+       followed by an if statement.
+stdin:
+       if true; then if true; then false && false; fi; fi
+       true
+arguments: !-e!
+expected-exit: e == 0
+---
+name: oksh-seterror-3
+description:
+       The -e flag should be ignored when executing a compound list
+       followed by an elif statement.
+stdin:
+       if true; then :; elif true; then false && false; fi
+arguments: !-e!
+expected-exit: e == 0
+---
+name: oksh-seterror-4
+description:
+       The -e flag should be ignored when executing a pipeline
+       beginning with '!'
+stdin:
+       for i in 1 2 3
+       do
+               false && false
+               true || false
+       done
+arguments: !-e!
+expected-exit: e == 0
+---
+name: oksh-seterror-5
+description:
+       The -e flag should be ignored when executing a pipeline
+       beginning with '!'
+stdin:
+       ! true | false
+       true
+arguments: !-e!
+expected-exit: e == 0
+---
+name: oksh-seterror-6
+description:
+       When trapping ERR and EXIT, both traps should run in -e mode
+       when an error occurs.
+stdin:
+       trap 'echo EXIT' EXIT
+       trap 'echo ERR' ERR
+       set -e
+       false
+       echo DONE
+       exit 0
+arguments: !-e!
+expected-exit: e != 0
+expected-stdout:
+       ERR
+       EXIT
+---
+name: oksh-seterror-7
+description:
+       The -e flag within a command substitution should be honored
+stdin:
+       echo $( set -e; false; echo foo )
+arguments: !-e!
+expected-stdout:
+       
+---
+name: oksh-input-comsub
+description:
+       A command substitution using input redirection should exit with
+       failure if the input file does not exist.
+stdin:
+       var=$(< non-existent)
+expected-exit: e != 0
+expected-stderr-pattern: /non-existent/
+---
+name: oksh-empty-for-list
+description:
+       A for list which expands to zero items should not execute the body.
+stdin:
+       set foo bar baz ; for out in ; do echo $out ; done
+---
+name: oksh-varfunction-mod1
+description:
+       (Inspired by PR 2450 on OpenBSD.) Calling
+               FOO=bar f
+       where f is a ksh style function, should not set FOO in the current
+       env. If f is a Bourne style function, FOO should be set. Furthermore,
+       the function should receive a correct value of FOO. However, differing
+       from oksh, setting FOO in the function itself must change the value in
+       setting FOO in the function itself should not change the value in
+       global environment.
+stdin:
+       print '#!'"$__progname"'\nunset RANDOM\nexport | while IFS= read -r' \
+           'RANDOM; do eval '\''print -r -- "$RANDOM=$'\''"$RANDOM"'\'\"\'\; \
+           done >env; chmod +x env; PATH=.$PATHSEP$PATH
+       function k {
+               if [ x$FOO != xbar ]; then
+                       echo 1
+                       return 1
+               fi
+               x=$(env | grep FOO)
+               if [ "x$x" != "xFOO=bar" ]; then
+                       echo 2
+                       return 1;
+               fi
+               FOO=foo
+               return 0
+       }
+       b () {
+               if [ x$FOO != xbar ]; then
+                       echo 3
+                       return 1
+               fi
+               x=$(env | grep FOO)
+               if [ "x$x" != "xFOO=bar" ]; then
+                       echo 4
+                       return 1;
+               fi
+               FOO=foo
+               return 0
+       }
+       FOO=bar k
+       if [ $? != 0 ]; then
+               exit 1
+       fi
+       if [ x$FOO != x ]; then
+               exit 1
+       fi
+       FOO=bar b
+       if [ $? != 0 ]; then
+               exit 1
+       fi
+       if [ x$FOO != xfoo ]; then
+               exit 1
+       fi
+       FOO=barbar
+       FOO=bar k
+       if [ $? != 0 ]; then
+               exit 1
+       fi
+       if [ x$FOO != xbarbar ]; then
+               exit 1
+       fi
+       FOO=bar b
+       if [ $? != 0 ]; then
+               exit 1
+       fi
+       if [ x$FOO != xfoo ]; then
+               exit 1
+       fi
+---
+name: fd-cloexec-1
+description:
+       Verify that file descriptors > 2 are private for Korn shells
+       AT&T ksh93 does this still, which means we must keep it as well
+category: shell:legacy-no
+stdin:
+       cat >cld <<-EOF
+               #!$__perlname
+               open(my \$fh, ">&", 9) or die "E: open \$!";
+               syswrite(\$fh, "Fowl\\n", 5) or die "E: write \$!";
+       EOF
+       chmod +x cld
+       exec 9>&1
+       ./cld
+expected-exit: e != 0
+expected-stderr-pattern:
+       /E: open /
+---
+name: fd-cloexec-2
+description:
+       Verify that file descriptors > 2 are not private for POSIX shells
+       See Debian Bug #154540, Closes: #499139
+stdin:
+       cat >cld <<-EOF
+               #!$__perlname
+               open(my \$fh, ">&", 9) or die "E: open \$!";
+               syswrite(\$fh, "Fowl\\n", 5) or die "E: write \$!";
+       EOF
+       chmod +x cld
+       test -n "$POSH_VERSION" || set -o posix
+       exec 9>&1
+       ./cld
+expected-stdout:
+       Fowl
+---
+name: fd-cloexec-3
+description:
+       Verify that file descriptors > 2 are not private for LEGACY KSH
+category: shell:legacy-yes
+stdin:
+       cat >cld <<-EOF
+               #!$__perlname
+               open(my \$fh, ">&", 9) or die "E: open \$!";
+               syswrite(\$fh, "Fowl\\n", 5) or die "E: write \$!";
+       EOF
+       chmod +x cld
+       exec 9>&1
+       ./cld
+expected-stdout:
+       Fowl
+---
+name: comsub-1a
+description:
+       COMSUB are now parsed recursively, so this works
+       see also regression-6: matching parenthesēs bug
+       Fails on: pdksh bash2 bash3 zsh
+       Passes on: bash4 ksh93 mksh(20110313+)
+stdin:
+       echo 1 $(case 1 in (1) echo yes;; (2) echo no;; esac) .
+       echo 2 $(case 1 in 1) echo yes;; 2) echo no;; esac) .
+       TEST=1234; echo 3 ${TEST: $(case 1 in (1) echo 1;; (*) echo 2;; esac)} .
+       TEST=5678; echo 4 ${TEST: $(case 1 in 1) echo 1;; *) echo 2;; esac)} .
+       a=($(case 1 in (1) echo 1;; (*) echo 2;; esac)); echo 5 ${a[0]} .
+       a=($(case 1 in 1) echo 1;; *) echo 2;; esac)); echo 6 ${a[0]} .
+expected-stdout:
+       1 yes .
+       2 yes .
+       3 234 .
+       4 678 .
+       5 1 .
+       6 1 .
+---
+name: comsub-1b
+description:
+       COMSUB are now parsed recursively, so this works
+       Fails on: pdksh bash2 bash3 bash4 zsh
+       Passes on: ksh93 mksh(20110313+)
+stdin:
+       echo 1 $(($(case 1 in (1) echo 1;; (*) echo 2;; esac)+10)) .
+       echo 2 $(($(case 1 in 1) echo 1;; *) echo 2;; esac)+20)) .
+       (( a = $(case 1 in (1) echo 1;; (*) echo 2;; esac) )); echo 3 $a .
+       (( a = $(case 1 in 1) echo 1;; *) echo 2;; esac) )); echo 4 $a .
+       a=($(($(case 1 in (1) echo 1;; (*) echo 2;; esac)+10))); echo 5 ${a[0]} .
+       a=($(($(case 1 in 1) echo 1;; *) echo 2;; esac)+20))); echo 6 ${a[0]} .
+expected-stdout:
+       1 11 .
+       2 21 .
+       3 1 .
+       4 1 .
+       5 11 .
+       6 21 .
+---
+name: comsub-2
+description:
+       RedHat BZ#496791 – another case of missing recursion
+       in parsing COMSUB expressions
+       Fails on: pdksh bash2 bash3¹ bash4¹ zsh
+       Passes on: ksh93 mksh(20110305+)
+       ① bash[34] seem to choke on comment ending with backslash-newline
+stdin:
+       # a comment with " ' \
+       x=$(
+       echo yes
+       # a comment with " ' \
+       )
+       echo $x
+expected-stdout:
+       yes
+---
+name: comsub-3
+description:
+       Extended test for COMSUB explaining why a recursive parser
+       is a must (a non-recursive parser cannot pass all three of
+       these test cases, especially the ‘#’ is difficult)
+stdin:
+       print '#!'"$__progname"'\necho 1234' >id; chmod +x id; PATH=.$PATHSEP$PATH
+       echo $(typeset -i10 x=16#20; echo $x)
+       echo $(typeset -Uui16 x=16#$(id -u)
+       ) .
+       echo $(c=1; d=1
+       typeset -Uui16 a=36#foo; c=2
+       typeset -Uui16 b=36 #foo; d=2
+       echo $a $b $c $d)
+expected-stdout:
+       32
+       .
+       16#4F68 16#24 2 1
+---
+name: comsub-4
+description:
+       Check the tree dump functions for !MKSH_SMALL functionality
+category: !smksh
+stdin:
+       x() { case $1 in u) echo x ;;& *) echo $1 ;; esac; }
+       typeset -f x
+expected-stdout:
+       x() {
+               case $1 in
+               (u)
+                       echo x 
+                       ;|
+               (*)
+                       echo $1 
+                       ;;
+               esac 
+       } 
+---
+name: comsub-5
+description:
+       Check COMSUB works with aliases (does not expand them twice)
+stdin:
+       print '#!'"$__progname"'\nfor x in "$@"; do print -r -- "$x"; done' >pfn
+       chmod +x pfn
+       alias echo='echo a'
+       foo() {
+               ./pfn "$(echo foo)"
+       }
+       ./pfn "$(echo b)"
+       typeset -f foo
+expected-stdout:
+       a b
+       foo() {
+               ./pfn "$(echo foo )" 
+       } 
+---
+name: comsub-torture
+description:
+       Check the tree dump functions work correctly
+stdin:
+       if [[ -z $__progname ]]; then echo >&2 call me with __progname; exit 1; fi
+       while IFS= read -r line; do
+               if [[ $line = '#1' ]]; then
+                       lastf=0
+                       continue
+               elif [[ $line = EOFN* ]]; then
+                       fbody=$fbody$'\n'$line
+                       continue
+               elif [[ $line != '#'* ]]; then
+                       fbody=$fbody$'\n\t'$line
+                       continue
+               fi
+               if (( lastf )); then
+                       x="inline_${nextf}() {"$fbody$'\n}\n'
+                       print -nr -- "$x"
+                       print -r -- "${x}typeset -f inline_$nextf" | "$__progname"
+                       x="function comsub_$nextf { x=\$("$fbody$'\n); }\n'
+                       print -nr -- "$x"
+                       print -r -- "${x}typeset -f comsub_$nextf" | "$__progname"
+                       x="function reread_$nextf { x=\$(("$fbody$'\n)|tr u x); }\n'
+                       print -nr -- "$x"
+                       print -r -- "${x}typeset -f reread_$nextf" | "$__progname"
+               fi
+               lastf=1
+               fbody=
+               nextf=${line#?}
+       done <<'EOD'
+       #1
+       #TCOM
+       vara=1  varb='2  3'  cmd  arg1  $arg2  "$arg3  4"
+       #TPAREN_TPIPE_TLIST
+       (echo $foo  |  tr -dc 0-9; echo)
+       #TAND_TOR
+       cmd  &&  echo ja  ||  echo nein
+       #TSELECT
+       select  file  in  *;  do  echo  "<$file>" ;  break ;  done
+       #TFOR_TTIME
+       time  for  i  in  {1,2,3}  ;  do  echo  $i ;  done
+       #TCASE
+       case  $foo  in  1)  echo eins;& 2) echo zwei  ;| *) echo kann net bis drei zählen;;  esac
+       #TIF_TBANG_TDBRACKET_TELIF
+       if  !  [[  1  =  1  ]]  ;  then  echo eins;  elif [[ 1 = 2 ]]; then echo zwei  ;else echo drei; fi
+       #TWHILE
+       i=1; while (( i < 10 )); do echo $i; let ++i; done
+       #TUNTIL
+       i=10; until  (( !--i )) ; do echo $i; done
+       #TCOPROC
+       cat  *  |&  ls
+       #TFUNCT_TBRACE_TASYNC
+       function  korn  {  echo eins; echo zwei ;  }
+       bourne  ()  {  logger *  &  }
+       #IOREAD_IOCAT
+       tr  x  u  0<foo  >>bar
+       #IOWRITE_IOCLOB_IOHERE_noIOSKIP
+       cat  >|bar  <<'EOFN'
+       foo
+       EOFN
+       #IOWRITE_noIOCLOB_IOHERE_IOSKIP
+       cat  1>bar  <<-EOFI
+       foo
+       EOFI
+       #IORDWR_IODUP
+       sh  1<>/dev/console  0<&1  2>&1
+       #COMSUB_EXPRSUB_FUNSUB_VALSUB
+       echo $(true) $((1+ 2)) ${  :;} ${| REPLY=x;}
+       #QCHAR_OQUOTE_CQUOTE
+       echo fo\ob\"a\`r\'b\$az
+       echo "fo\ob\"a\`r\'b\$az"
+       echo 'fo\ob\"a\`r'\''b\$az'
+       #OSUBST_CSUBST_OPAT_SPAT_CPAT
+       [[ ${foo#bl\(u\)b} = @(bar|baz) ]]
+       #heredoc_closed
+       x=$(cat <<EOFN
+       note there must be no space between EOFN and )
+       EOFN); echo $x
+       #heredoc_space
+       x=$(cat <<EOFN\ 
+       note the space between EOFN and ) is actually part of the here document marker
+       EOFN ); echo $x
+       #patch_motd
+       x=$(sysctl -n kern.version | sed 1q)
+       [[ -s /etc/motd && "$([[ "$(head -1 /etc/motd)" != $x ]] && \
+           ed -s /etc/motd 2>&1 <<-EOF
+               1,/^\$/d
+               0a
+                       $x
+       
+               .
+               wq
+       EOF)" = @(?) ]] && rm -f /etc/motd
+       if [[ ! -s /etc/motd ]]; then
+               install -c -o root -g wheel -m 664 /dev/null /etc/motd
+               print -- "$x\n" >/etc/motd
+       fi
+       #wdarrassign
+       case x in
+       x) a+=b; c+=(d e)
+       esac
+       #0
+       EOD
+expected-stdout:
+       inline_TCOM() {
+               vara=1  varb='2  3'  cmd  arg1  $arg2  "$arg3  4"
+       }
+       inline_TCOM() {
+               vara=1 varb="2  3" cmd arg1 $arg2 "$arg3  4" 
+       } 
+       function comsub_TCOM { x=$(
+               vara=1  varb='2  3'  cmd  arg1  $arg2  "$arg3  4"
+       ); }
+       function comsub_TCOM {
+               x=$(vara=1 varb="2  3" cmd arg1 $arg2 "$arg3  4" ) 
+       } 
+       function reread_TCOM { x=$((
+               vara=1  varb='2  3'  cmd  arg1  $arg2  "$arg3  4"
+       )|tr u x); }
+       function reread_TCOM {
+               x=$(( vara=1 varb="2  3" cmd arg1 $arg2 "$arg3  4" ) | tr u x ) 
+       } 
+       inline_TPAREN_TPIPE_TLIST() {
+               (echo $foo  |  tr -dc 0-9; echo)
+       }
+       inline_TPAREN_TPIPE_TLIST() {
+               ( echo $foo | tr -dc 0-9 
+                 echo ) 
+       } 
+       function comsub_TPAREN_TPIPE_TLIST { x=$(
+               (echo $foo  |  tr -dc 0-9; echo)
+       ); }
+       function comsub_TPAREN_TPIPE_TLIST {
+               x=$(( echo $foo | tr -dc 0-9 ; echo ) ) 
+       } 
+       function reread_TPAREN_TPIPE_TLIST { x=$((
+               (echo $foo  |  tr -dc 0-9; echo)
+       )|tr u x); }
+       function reread_TPAREN_TPIPE_TLIST {
+               x=$(( ( echo $foo | tr -dc 0-9 ; echo ) ) | tr u x ) 
+       } 
+       inline_TAND_TOR() {
+               cmd  &&  echo ja  ||  echo nein
+       }
+       inline_TAND_TOR() {
+               cmd && echo ja || echo nein 
+       } 
+       function comsub_TAND_TOR { x=$(
+               cmd  &&  echo ja  ||  echo nein
+       ); }
+       function comsub_TAND_TOR {
+               x=$(cmd && echo ja || echo nein ) 
+       } 
+       function reread_TAND_TOR { x=$((
+               cmd  &&  echo ja  ||  echo nein
+       )|tr u x); }
+       function reread_TAND_TOR {
+               x=$(( cmd && echo ja || echo nein ) | tr u x ) 
+       } 
+       inline_TSELECT() {
+               select  file  in  *;  do  echo  "<$file>" ;  break ;  done
+       }
+       inline_TSELECT() {
+               select file in * 
+               do
+                       echo "<$file>" 
+                       break 
+               done 
+       } 
+       function comsub_TSELECT { x=$(
+               select  file  in  *;  do  echo  "<$file>" ;  break ;  done
+       ); }
+       function comsub_TSELECT {
+               x=$(select file in * ; do echo "<$file>" ; break ; done ) 
+       } 
+       function reread_TSELECT { x=$((
+               select  file  in  *;  do  echo  "<$file>" ;  break ;  done
+       )|tr u x); }
+       function reread_TSELECT {
+               x=$(( select file in * ; do echo "<$file>" ; break ; done ) | tr u x ) 
+       } 
+       inline_TFOR_TTIME() {
+               time  for  i  in  {1,2,3}  ;  do  echo  $i ;  done
+       }
+       inline_TFOR_TTIME() {
+               time for i in {1,2,3} 
+               do
+                       echo $i 
+               done 
+       } 
+       function comsub_TFOR_TTIME { x=$(
+               time  for  i  in  {1,2,3}  ;  do  echo  $i ;  done
+       ); }
+       function comsub_TFOR_TTIME {
+               x=$(time for i in {1,2,3} ; do echo $i ; done ) 
+       } 
+       function reread_TFOR_TTIME { x=$((
+               time  for  i  in  {1,2,3}  ;  do  echo  $i ;  done
+       )|tr u x); }
+       function reread_TFOR_TTIME {
+               x=$(( time for i in {1,2,3} ; do echo $i ; done ) | tr u x ) 
+       } 
+       inline_TCASE() {
+               case  $foo  in  1)  echo eins;& 2) echo zwei  ;| *) echo kann net bis drei zählen;;  esac
+       }
+       inline_TCASE() {
+               case $foo in
+               (1)
+                       echo eins 
+                       ;&
+               (2)
+                       echo zwei 
+                       ;|
+               (*)
+                       echo kann net bis drei zählen 
+                       ;;
+               esac 
+       } 
+       function comsub_TCASE { x=$(
+               case  $foo  in  1)  echo eins;& 2) echo zwei  ;| *) echo kann net bis drei zählen;;  esac
+       ); }
+       function comsub_TCASE {
+               x=$(case $foo in (1) echo eins  ;& (2) echo zwei  ;| (*) echo kann net bis drei zählen  ;; esac ) 
+       } 
+       function reread_TCASE { x=$((
+               case  $foo  in  1)  echo eins;& 2) echo zwei  ;| *) echo kann net bis drei zählen;;  esac
+       )|tr u x); }
+       function reread_TCASE {
+               x=$(( case $foo in (1) echo eins  ;& (2) echo zwei  ;| (*) echo kann net bis drei zählen  ;; esac ) | tr u x ) 
+       } 
+       inline_TIF_TBANG_TDBRACKET_TELIF() {
+               if  !  [[  1  =  1  ]]  ;  then  echo eins;  elif [[ 1 = 2 ]]; then echo zwei  ;else echo drei; fi
+       }
+       inline_TIF_TBANG_TDBRACKET_TELIF() {
+               if ! [[ 1 = 1 ]] 
+               then
+                       echo eins 
+               elif [[ 1 = 2 ]] 
+               then
+                       echo zwei 
+               else
+                       echo drei 
+               fi 
+       } 
+       function comsub_TIF_TBANG_TDBRACKET_TELIF { x=$(
+               if  !  [[  1  =  1  ]]  ;  then  echo eins;  elif [[ 1 = 2 ]]; then echo zwei  ;else echo drei; fi
+       ); }
+       function comsub_TIF_TBANG_TDBRACKET_TELIF {
+               x=$(if ! [[ 1 = 1 ]] ; then echo eins ; elif [[ 1 = 2 ]] ; then echo zwei ; else echo drei ; fi ) 
+       } 
+       function reread_TIF_TBANG_TDBRACKET_TELIF { x=$((
+               if  !  [[  1  =  1  ]]  ;  then  echo eins;  elif [[ 1 = 2 ]]; then echo zwei  ;else echo drei; fi
+       )|tr u x); }
+       function reread_TIF_TBANG_TDBRACKET_TELIF {
+               x=$(( if ! [[ 1 = 1 ]] ; then echo eins ; elif [[ 1 = 2 ]] ; then echo zwei ; else echo drei ; fi ) | tr u x ) 
+       } 
+       inline_TWHILE() {
+               i=1; while (( i < 10 )); do echo $i; let ++i; done
+       }
+       inline_TWHILE() {
+               i=1 
+               while {
+                             \let] " i < 10 " 
+                     } 
+               do
+                       echo $i 
+                       let ++i 
+               done 
+       } 
+       function comsub_TWHILE { x=$(
+               i=1; while (( i < 10 )); do echo $i; let ++i; done
+       ); }
+       function comsub_TWHILE {
+               x=$(i=1 ; while { \let] " i < 10 " ; } ; do echo $i ; let ++i ; done ) 
+       } 
+       function reread_TWHILE { x=$((
+               i=1; while (( i < 10 )); do echo $i; let ++i; done
+       )|tr u x); }
+       function reread_TWHILE {
+               x=$(( i=1 ; while { \let] " i < 10 " ; } ; do echo $i ; let ++i ; done ) | tr u x ) 
+       } 
+       inline_TUNTIL() {
+               i=10; until  (( !--i )) ; do echo $i; done
+       }
+       inline_TUNTIL() {
+               i=10 
+               until {
+                             \let] " !--i " 
+                     } 
+               do
+                       echo $i 
+               done 
+       } 
+       function comsub_TUNTIL { x=$(
+               i=10; until  (( !--i )) ; do echo $i; done
+       ); }
+       function comsub_TUNTIL {
+               x=$(i=10 ; until { \let] " !--i " ; } ; do echo $i ; done ) 
+       } 
+       function reread_TUNTIL { x=$((
+               i=10; until  (( !--i )) ; do echo $i; done
+       )|tr u x); }
+       function reread_TUNTIL {
+               x=$(( i=10 ; until { \let] " !--i " ; } ; do echo $i ; done ) | tr u x ) 
+       } 
+       inline_TCOPROC() {
+               cat  *  |&  ls
+       }
+       inline_TCOPROC() {
+               cat * |& 
+               ls 
+       } 
+       function comsub_TCOPROC { x=$(
+               cat  *  |&  ls
+       ); }
+       function comsub_TCOPROC {
+               x=$(cat * |&  ls ) 
+       } 
+       function reread_TCOPROC { x=$((
+               cat  *  |&  ls
+       )|tr u x); }
+       function reread_TCOPROC {
+               x=$(( cat * |&  ls ) | tr u x ) 
+       } 
+       inline_TFUNCT_TBRACE_TASYNC() {
+               function  korn  {  echo eins; echo zwei ;  }
+               bourne  ()  {  logger *  &  }
+       }
+       inline_TFUNCT_TBRACE_TASYNC() {
+               function korn {
+                       echo eins 
+                       echo zwei 
+               } 
+               bourne() {
+                       logger * & 
+               } 
+       } 
+       function comsub_TFUNCT_TBRACE_TASYNC { x=$(
+               function  korn  {  echo eins; echo zwei ;  }
+               bourne  ()  {  logger *  &  }
+       ); }
+       function comsub_TFUNCT_TBRACE_TASYNC {
+               x=$(function korn { echo eins ; echo zwei ; } ; bourne() { logger * &  } ) 
+       } 
+       function reread_TFUNCT_TBRACE_TASYNC { x=$((
+               function  korn  {  echo eins; echo zwei ;  }
+               bourne  ()  {  logger *  &  }
+       )|tr u x); }
+       function reread_TFUNCT_TBRACE_TASYNC {
+               x=$(( function korn { echo eins ; echo zwei ; } ; bourne() { logger * &  } ) | tr u x ) 
+       } 
+       inline_IOREAD_IOCAT() {
+               tr  x  u  0<foo  >>bar
+       }
+       inline_IOREAD_IOCAT() {
+               tr x u <foo >>bar 
+       } 
+       function comsub_IOREAD_IOCAT { x=$(
+               tr  x  u  0<foo  >>bar
+       ); }
+       function comsub_IOREAD_IOCAT {
+               x=$(tr x u <foo >>bar ) 
+       } 
+       function reread_IOREAD_IOCAT { x=$((
+               tr  x  u  0<foo  >>bar
+       )|tr u x); }
+       function reread_IOREAD_IOCAT {
+               x=$(( tr x u <foo >>bar ) | tr u x ) 
+       } 
+       inline_IOWRITE_IOCLOB_IOHERE_noIOSKIP() {
+               cat  >|bar  <<'EOFN'
+               foo
+       EOFN
+       }
+       inline_IOWRITE_IOCLOB_IOHERE_noIOSKIP() {
+               cat >|bar <<"EOFN" 
+               foo
+       EOFN
+       
+       } 
+       function comsub_IOWRITE_IOCLOB_IOHERE_noIOSKIP { x=$(
+               cat  >|bar  <<'EOFN'
+               foo
+       EOFN
+       ); }
+       function comsub_IOWRITE_IOCLOB_IOHERE_noIOSKIP {
+               x=$(cat >|bar <<"EOFN" 
+               foo
+       EOFN
+       ) 
+       } 
+       function reread_IOWRITE_IOCLOB_IOHERE_noIOSKIP { x=$((
+               cat  >|bar  <<'EOFN'
+               foo
+       EOFN
+       )|tr u x); }
+       function reread_IOWRITE_IOCLOB_IOHERE_noIOSKIP {
+               x=$(( cat >|bar <<"EOFN" 
+               foo
+       EOFN
+       ) | tr u x ) 
+       } 
+       inline_IOWRITE_noIOCLOB_IOHERE_IOSKIP() {
+               cat  1>bar  <<-EOFI
+               foo
+               EOFI
+       }
+       inline_IOWRITE_noIOCLOB_IOHERE_IOSKIP() {
+               cat >bar <<-EOFI 
+       foo
+       EOFI
+       
+       } 
+       function comsub_IOWRITE_noIOCLOB_IOHERE_IOSKIP { x=$(
+               cat  1>bar  <<-EOFI
+               foo
+               EOFI
+       ); }
+       function comsub_IOWRITE_noIOCLOB_IOHERE_IOSKIP {
+               x=$(cat >bar <<-EOFI 
+       foo
+       EOFI
+       ) 
+       } 
+       function reread_IOWRITE_noIOCLOB_IOHERE_IOSKIP { x=$((
+               cat  1>bar  <<-EOFI
+               foo
+               EOFI
+       )|tr u x); }
+       function reread_IOWRITE_noIOCLOB_IOHERE_IOSKIP {
+               x=$(( cat >bar <<-EOFI 
+       foo
+       EOFI
+       ) | tr u x ) 
+       } 
+       inline_IORDWR_IODUP() {
+               sh  1<>/dev/console  0<&1  2>&1
+       }
+       inline_IORDWR_IODUP() {
+               sh 1<>/dev/console <&1 2>&1 
+       } 
+       function comsub_IORDWR_IODUP { x=$(
+               sh  1<>/dev/console  0<&1  2>&1
+       ); }
+       function comsub_IORDWR_IODUP {
+               x=$(sh 1<>/dev/console <&1 2>&1 ) 
+       } 
+       function reread_IORDWR_IODUP { x=$((
+               sh  1<>/dev/console  0<&1  2>&1
+       )|tr u x); }
+       function reread_IORDWR_IODUP {
+               x=$(( sh 1<>/dev/console <&1 2>&1 ) | tr u x ) 
+       } 
+       inline_COMSUB_EXPRSUB_FUNSUB_VALSUB() {
+               echo $(true) $((1+ 2)) ${  :;} ${| REPLY=x;}
+       }
+       inline_COMSUB_EXPRSUB_FUNSUB_VALSUB() {
+               echo $(true ) $((1+ 2)) ${ : ;} ${|REPLY=x ;} 
+       } 
+       function comsub_COMSUB_EXPRSUB_FUNSUB_VALSUB { x=$(
+               echo $(true) $((1+ 2)) ${  :;} ${| REPLY=x;}
+       ); }
+       function comsub_COMSUB_EXPRSUB_FUNSUB_VALSUB {
+               x=$(echo $(true ) $((1+ 2)) ${ : ;} ${|REPLY=x ;} ) 
+       } 
+       function reread_COMSUB_EXPRSUB_FUNSUB_VALSUB { x=$((
+               echo $(true) $((1+ 2)) ${  :;} ${| REPLY=x;}
+       )|tr u x); }
+       function reread_COMSUB_EXPRSUB_FUNSUB_VALSUB {
+               x=$(( echo $(true ) $((1+ 2)) ${ : ;} ${|REPLY=x ;} ) | tr u x ) 
+       } 
+       inline_QCHAR_OQUOTE_CQUOTE() {
+               echo fo\ob\"a\`r\'b\$az
+               echo "fo\ob\"a\`r\'b\$az"
+               echo 'fo\ob\"a\`r'\''b\$az'
+       }
+       inline_QCHAR_OQUOTE_CQUOTE() {
+               echo fo\ob\"a\`r\'b\$az 
+               echo "fo\ob\"a\`r\'b\$az" 
+               echo "fo\\ob\\\"a\\\`r"\'"b\\\$az" 
+       } 
+       function comsub_QCHAR_OQUOTE_CQUOTE { x=$(
+               echo fo\ob\"a\`r\'b\$az
+               echo "fo\ob\"a\`r\'b\$az"
+               echo 'fo\ob\"a\`r'\''b\$az'
+       ); }
+       function comsub_QCHAR_OQUOTE_CQUOTE {
+               x=$(echo fo\ob\"a\`r\'b\$az ; echo "fo\ob\"a\`r\'b\$az" ; echo "fo\\ob\\\"a\\\`r"\'"b\\\$az" ) 
+       } 
+       function reread_QCHAR_OQUOTE_CQUOTE { x=$((
+               echo fo\ob\"a\`r\'b\$az
+               echo "fo\ob\"a\`r\'b\$az"
+               echo 'fo\ob\"a\`r'\''b\$az'
+       )|tr u x); }
+       function reread_QCHAR_OQUOTE_CQUOTE {
+               x=$(( echo fo\ob\"a\`r\'b\$az ; echo "fo\ob\"a\`r\'b\$az" ; echo "fo\\ob\\\"a\\\`r"\'"b\\\$az" ) | tr u x ) 
+       } 
+       inline_OSUBST_CSUBST_OPAT_SPAT_CPAT() {
+               [[ ${foo#bl\(u\)b} = @(bar|baz) ]]
+       }
+       inline_OSUBST_CSUBST_OPAT_SPAT_CPAT() {
+               [[ ${foo#bl\(u\)b} = @(bar|baz) ]] 
+       } 
+       function comsub_OSUBST_CSUBST_OPAT_SPAT_CPAT { x=$(
+               [[ ${foo#bl\(u\)b} = @(bar|baz) ]]
+       ); }
+       function comsub_OSUBST_CSUBST_OPAT_SPAT_CPAT {
+               x=$([[ ${foo#bl\(u\)b} = @(bar|baz) ]] ) 
+       } 
+       function reread_OSUBST_CSUBST_OPAT_SPAT_CPAT { x=$((
+               [[ ${foo#bl\(u\)b} = @(bar|baz) ]]
+       )|tr u x); }
+       function reread_OSUBST_CSUBST_OPAT_SPAT_CPAT {
+               x=$(( [[ ${foo#bl\(u\)b} = @(bar|baz) ]] ) | tr u x ) 
+       } 
+       inline_heredoc_closed() {
+               x=$(cat <<EOFN
+               note there must be no space between EOFN and )
+       EOFN); echo $x
+       }
+       inline_heredoc_closed() {
+               x=$(cat <<EOFN 
+               note there must be no space between EOFN and )
+       EOFN
+       ) 
+               echo $x 
+       } 
+       function comsub_heredoc_closed { x=$(
+               x=$(cat <<EOFN
+               note there must be no space between EOFN and )
+       EOFN); echo $x
+       ); }
+       function comsub_heredoc_closed {
+               x=$(x=$(cat <<EOFN 
+               note there must be no space between EOFN and )
+       EOFN
+       ) ; echo $x ) 
+       } 
+       function reread_heredoc_closed { x=$((
+               x=$(cat <<EOFN
+               note there must be no space between EOFN and )
+       EOFN); echo $x
+       )|tr u x); }
+       function reread_heredoc_closed {
+               x=$(( x=$(cat <<EOFN 
+               note there must be no space between EOFN and )
+       EOFN
+       ) ; echo $x ) | tr u x ) 
+       } 
+       inline_heredoc_space() {
+               x=$(cat <<EOFN\ 
+               note the space between EOFN and ) is actually part of the here document marker
+       EOFN ); echo $x
+       }
+       inline_heredoc_space() {
+               x=$(cat <<EOFN\  
+               note the space between EOFN and ) is actually part of the here document marker
+       EOFN 
+       ) 
+               echo $x 
+       } 
+       function comsub_heredoc_space { x=$(
+               x=$(cat <<EOFN\ 
+               note the space between EOFN and ) is actually part of the here document marker
+       EOFN ); echo $x
+       ); }
+       function comsub_heredoc_space {
+               x=$(x=$(cat <<EOFN\  
+               note the space between EOFN and ) is actually part of the here document marker
+       EOFN 
+       ) ; echo $x ) 
+       } 
+       function reread_heredoc_space { x=$((
+               x=$(cat <<EOFN\ 
+               note the space between EOFN and ) is actually part of the here document marker
+       EOFN ); echo $x
+       )|tr u x); }
+       function reread_heredoc_space {
+               x=$(( x=$(cat <<EOFN\  
+               note the space between EOFN and ) is actually part of the here document marker
+       EOFN 
+       ) ; echo $x ) | tr u x ) 
+       } 
+       inline_patch_motd() {
+               x=$(sysctl -n kern.version | sed 1q)
+               [[ -s /etc/motd && "$([[ "$(head -1 /etc/motd)" != $x ]] && \
+                   ed -s /etc/motd 2>&1 <<-EOF
+                       1,/^\$/d
+                       0a
+                               $x
+               
+                       .
+                       wq
+               EOF)" = @(?) ]] && rm -f /etc/motd
+               if [[ ! -s /etc/motd ]]; then
+                       install -c -o root -g wheel -m 664 /dev/null /etc/motd
+                       print -- "$x\n" >/etc/motd
+               fi
+       }
+       inline_patch_motd() {
+               x=$(sysctl -n kern.version | sed 1q ) 
+               [[ -s /etc/motd && "$([[ "$(head -1 /etc/motd )" != $x ]] && ed -s /etc/motd 2>&1 <<-EOF 
+       1,/^\$/d
+       0a
+       $x
+       
+       .
+       wq
+       EOF
+       )" = @(?) ]] && rm -f /etc/motd 
+               if [[ ! -s /etc/motd ]] 
+               then
+                       install -c -o root -g wheel -m 664 /dev/null /etc/motd 
+                       print -- "$x\n" >/etc/motd 
+               fi 
+       } 
+       function comsub_patch_motd { x=$(
+               x=$(sysctl -n kern.version | sed 1q)
+               [[ -s /etc/motd && "$([[ "$(head -1 /etc/motd)" != $x ]] && \
+                   ed -s /etc/motd 2>&1 <<-EOF
+                       1,/^\$/d
+                       0a
+                               $x
+               
+                       .
+                       wq
+               EOF)" = @(?) ]] && rm -f /etc/motd
+               if [[ ! -s /etc/motd ]]; then
+                       install -c -o root -g wheel -m 664 /dev/null /etc/motd
+                       print -- "$x\n" >/etc/motd
+               fi
+       ); }
+       function comsub_patch_motd {
+               x=$(x=$(sysctl -n kern.version | sed 1q ) ; [[ -s /etc/motd && "$([[ "$(head -1 /etc/motd )" != $x ]] && ed -s /etc/motd 2>&1 <<-EOF 
+       1,/^\$/d
+       0a
+       $x
+       
+       .
+       wq
+       EOF
+       )" = @(?) ]] && rm -f /etc/motd ; if [[ ! -s /etc/motd ]] ; then install -c -o root -g wheel -m 664 /dev/null /etc/motd ; print -- "$x\n" >/etc/motd ; fi ) 
+       } 
+       function reread_patch_motd { x=$((
+               x=$(sysctl -n kern.version | sed 1q)
+               [[ -s /etc/motd && "$([[ "$(head -1 /etc/motd)" != $x ]] && \
+                   ed -s /etc/motd 2>&1 <<-EOF
+                       1,/^\$/d
+                       0a
+                               $x
+               
+                       .
+                       wq
+               EOF)" = @(?) ]] && rm -f /etc/motd
+               if [[ ! -s /etc/motd ]]; then
+                       install -c -o root -g wheel -m 664 /dev/null /etc/motd
+                       print -- "$x\n" >/etc/motd
+               fi
+       )|tr u x); }
+       function reread_patch_motd {
+               x=$(( x=$(sysctl -n kern.version | sed 1q ) ; [[ -s /etc/motd && "$([[ "$(head -1 /etc/motd )" != $x ]] && ed -s /etc/motd 2>&1 <<-EOF 
+       1,/^\$/d
+       0a
+       $x
+       
+       .
+       wq
+       EOF
+       )" = @(?) ]] && rm -f /etc/motd ; if [[ ! -s /etc/motd ]] ; then install -c -o root -g wheel -m 664 /dev/null /etc/motd ; print -- "$x\n" >/etc/motd ; fi ) | tr u x ) 
+       } 
+       inline_wdarrassign() {
+               case x in
+               x) a+=b; c+=(d e)
+               esac
+       }
+       inline_wdarrassign() {
+               case x in
+               (x)
+                       a+=b 
+                       \set -A c+ -- d e 
+                       ;;
+               esac 
+       } 
+       function comsub_wdarrassign { x=$(
+               case x in
+               x) a+=b; c+=(d e)
+               esac
+       ); }
+       function comsub_wdarrassign {
+               x=$(case x in (x) a+=b ; \set -A c+ -- d e  ;; esac ) 
+       } 
+       function reread_wdarrassign { x=$((
+               case x in
+               x) a+=b; c+=(d e)
+               esac
+       )|tr u x); }
+       function reread_wdarrassign {
+               x=$(( case x in (x) a+=b ; \set -A c+ -- d e  ;; esac ) | tr u x ) 
+       } 
+---
+name: comsub-torture-io
+description:
+       Check the tree dump functions work correctly with I/O redirection
+stdin:
+       if [[ -z $__progname ]]; then echo >&2 call me with __progname; exit 1; fi
+       while IFS= read -r line; do
+               if [[ $line = '#1' ]]; then
+                       lastf=0
+                       continue
+               elif [[ $line = EOFN* ]]; then
+                       fbody=$fbody$'\n'$line
+                       continue
+               elif [[ $line != '#'* ]]; then
+                       fbody=$fbody$'\n\t'$line
+                       continue
+               fi
+               if (( lastf )); then
+                       x="inline_${nextf}() {"$fbody$'\n}\n'
+                       print -nr -- "$x"
+                       print -r -- "${x}typeset -f inline_$nextf" | "$__progname"
+                       x="function comsub_$nextf { x=\$("$fbody$'\n); }\n'
+                       print -nr -- "$x"
+                       print -r -- "${x}typeset -f comsub_$nextf" | "$__progname"
+                       x="function reread_$nextf { x=\$(("$fbody$'\n)|tr u x); }\n'
+                       print -nr -- "$x"
+                       print -r -- "${x}typeset -f reread_$nextf" | "$__progname"
+               fi
+               lastf=1
+               fbody=
+               nextf=${line#?}
+       done <<'EOD'
+       #1
+       #TCOM
+       vara=1  varb='2  3'  cmd  arg1  $arg2  "$arg3  4" >&3
+       #TPAREN_TPIPE_TLIST
+       (echo $foo  |  tr -dc 0-9 >&3; echo >&3) >&3
+       #TAND_TOR
+       cmd  >&3 &&  >&3 echo ja  ||  echo >&3 nein
+       #TSELECT
+       select  file  in  *;  do  echo  "<$file>" ;  break >&3 ;  done >&3
+       #TFOR_TTIME
+       for  i  in  {1,2,3}  ;  do  time  >&3 echo  $i ;  done >&3
+       #TCASE
+       case  $foo  in  1)  echo eins >&3;& 2) echo zwei >&3  ;| *) echo kann net bis drei zählen >&3;;  esac >&3
+       #TIF_TBANG_TDBRACKET_TELIF
+       if  !  [[  1  =  1  ]]  >&3 ;  then  echo eins;  elif [[ 1 = 2 ]] >&3; then echo zwei  ;else echo drei; fi >&3
+       #TWHILE
+       i=1; while (( i < 10 )) >&3; do echo $i; let ++i; done >&3
+       #TUNTIL
+       i=10; until  (( !--i )) >&3 ; do echo $i; done >&3
+       #TCOPROC
+       cat  *  >&3 |&  >&3 ls
+       #TFUNCT_TBRACE_TASYNC
+       function  korn  {  echo eins; echo >&3 zwei ;  }
+       bourne  ()  {  logger *  >&3 &  }
+       #COMSUB_EXPRSUB
+       echo $(true >&3) $((1+ 2))
+       #0
+       EOD
+expected-stdout:
+       inline_TCOM() {
+               vara=1  varb='2  3'  cmd  arg1  $arg2  "$arg3  4" >&3
+       }
+       inline_TCOM() {
+               vara=1 varb="2  3" cmd arg1 $arg2 "$arg3  4" >&3 
+       } 
+       function comsub_TCOM { x=$(
+               vara=1  varb='2  3'  cmd  arg1  $arg2  "$arg3  4" >&3
+       ); }
+       function comsub_TCOM {
+               x=$(vara=1 varb="2  3" cmd arg1 $arg2 "$arg3  4" >&3 ) 
+       } 
+       function reread_TCOM { x=$((
+               vara=1  varb='2  3'  cmd  arg1  $arg2  "$arg3  4" >&3
+       )|tr u x); }
+       function reread_TCOM {
+               x=$(( vara=1 varb="2  3" cmd arg1 $arg2 "$arg3  4" >&3 ) | tr u x ) 
+       } 
+       inline_TPAREN_TPIPE_TLIST() {
+               (echo $foo  |  tr -dc 0-9 >&3; echo >&3) >&3
+       }
+       inline_TPAREN_TPIPE_TLIST() {
+               ( echo $foo | tr -dc 0-9 >&3 
+                 echo >&3 ) >&3 
+       } 
+       function comsub_TPAREN_TPIPE_TLIST { x=$(
+               (echo $foo  |  tr -dc 0-9 >&3; echo >&3) >&3
+       ); }
+       function comsub_TPAREN_TPIPE_TLIST {
+               x=$(( echo $foo | tr -dc 0-9 >&3 ; echo >&3 ) >&3 ) 
+       } 
+       function reread_TPAREN_TPIPE_TLIST { x=$((
+               (echo $foo  |  tr -dc 0-9 >&3; echo >&3) >&3
+       )|tr u x); }
+       function reread_TPAREN_TPIPE_TLIST {
+               x=$(( ( echo $foo | tr -dc 0-9 >&3 ; echo >&3 ) >&3 ) | tr u x ) 
+       } 
+       inline_TAND_TOR() {
+               cmd  >&3 &&  >&3 echo ja  ||  echo >&3 nein
+       }
+       inline_TAND_TOR() {
+               cmd >&3 && echo ja >&3 || echo nein >&3 
+       } 
+       function comsub_TAND_TOR { x=$(
+               cmd  >&3 &&  >&3 echo ja  ||  echo >&3 nein
+       ); }
+       function comsub_TAND_TOR {
+               x=$(cmd >&3 && echo ja >&3 || echo nein >&3 ) 
+       } 
+       function reread_TAND_TOR { x=$((
+               cmd  >&3 &&  >&3 echo ja  ||  echo >&3 nein
+       )|tr u x); }
+       function reread_TAND_TOR {
+               x=$(( cmd >&3 && echo ja >&3 || echo nein >&3 ) | tr u x ) 
+       } 
+       inline_TSELECT() {
+               select  file  in  *;  do  echo  "<$file>" ;  break >&3 ;  done >&3
+       }
+       inline_TSELECT() {
+               select file in * 
+               do
+                       echo "<$file>" 
+                       break >&3 
+               done >&3 
+       } 
+       function comsub_TSELECT { x=$(
+               select  file  in  *;  do  echo  "<$file>" ;  break >&3 ;  done >&3
+       ); }
+       function comsub_TSELECT {
+               x=$(select file in * ; do echo "<$file>" ; break >&3 ; done >&3 ) 
+       } 
+       function reread_TSELECT { x=$((
+               select  file  in  *;  do  echo  "<$file>" ;  break >&3 ;  done >&3
+       )|tr u x); }
+       function reread_TSELECT {
+               x=$(( select file in * ; do echo "<$file>" ; break >&3 ; done >&3 ) | tr u x ) 
+       } 
+       inline_TFOR_TTIME() {
+               for  i  in  {1,2,3}  ;  do  time  >&3 echo  $i ;  done >&3
+       }
+       inline_TFOR_TTIME() {
+               for i in {1,2,3} 
+               do
+                       time echo $i >&3 
+               done >&3 
+       } 
+       function comsub_TFOR_TTIME { x=$(
+               for  i  in  {1,2,3}  ;  do  time  >&3 echo  $i ;  done >&3
+       ); }
+       function comsub_TFOR_TTIME {
+               x=$(for i in {1,2,3} ; do time echo $i >&3 ; done >&3 ) 
+       } 
+       function reread_TFOR_TTIME { x=$((
+               for  i  in  {1,2,3}  ;  do  time  >&3 echo  $i ;  done >&3
+       )|tr u x); }
+       function reread_TFOR_TTIME {
+               x=$(( for i in {1,2,3} ; do time echo $i >&3 ; done >&3 ) | tr u x ) 
+       } 
+       inline_TCASE() {
+               case  $foo  in  1)  echo eins >&3;& 2) echo zwei >&3  ;| *) echo kann net bis drei zählen >&3;;  esac >&3
+       }
+       inline_TCASE() {
+               case $foo in
+               (1)
+                       echo eins >&3 
+                       ;&
+               (2)
+                       echo zwei >&3 
+                       ;|
+               (*)
+                       echo kann net bis drei zählen >&3 
+                       ;;
+               esac >&3 
+       } 
+       function comsub_TCASE { x=$(
+               case  $foo  in  1)  echo eins >&3;& 2) echo zwei >&3  ;| *) echo kann net bis drei zählen >&3;;  esac >&3
+       ); }
+       function comsub_TCASE {
+               x=$(case $foo in (1) echo eins >&3  ;& (2) echo zwei >&3  ;| (*) echo kann net bis drei zählen >&3  ;; esac >&3 ) 
+       } 
+       function reread_TCASE { x=$((
+               case  $foo  in  1)  echo eins >&3;& 2) echo zwei >&3  ;| *) echo kann net bis drei zählen >&3;;  esac >&3
+       )|tr u x); }
+       function reread_TCASE {
+               x=$(( case $foo in (1) echo eins >&3  ;& (2) echo zwei >&3  ;| (*) echo kann net bis drei zählen >&3  ;; esac >&3 ) | tr u x ) 
+       } 
+       inline_TIF_TBANG_TDBRACKET_TELIF() {
+               if  !  [[  1  =  1  ]]  >&3 ;  then  echo eins;  elif [[ 1 = 2 ]] >&3; then echo zwei  ;else echo drei; fi >&3
+       }
+       inline_TIF_TBANG_TDBRACKET_TELIF() {
+               if ! [[ 1 = 1 ]] >&3 
+               then
+                       echo eins 
+               elif [[ 1 = 2 ]] >&3 
+               then
+                       echo zwei 
+               else
+                       echo drei 
+               fi >&3 
+       } 
+       function comsub_TIF_TBANG_TDBRACKET_TELIF { x=$(
+               if  !  [[  1  =  1  ]]  >&3 ;  then  echo eins;  elif [[ 1 = 2 ]] >&3; then echo zwei  ;else echo drei; fi >&3
+       ); }
+       function comsub_TIF_TBANG_TDBRACKET_TELIF {
+               x=$(if ! [[ 1 = 1 ]] >&3 ; then echo eins ; elif [[ 1 = 2 ]] >&3 ; then echo zwei ; else echo drei ; fi >&3 ) 
+       } 
+       function reread_TIF_TBANG_TDBRACKET_TELIF { x=$((
+               if  !  [[  1  =  1  ]]  >&3 ;  then  echo eins;  elif [[ 1 = 2 ]] >&3; then echo zwei  ;else echo drei; fi >&3
+       )|tr u x); }
+       function reread_TIF_TBANG_TDBRACKET_TELIF {
+               x=$(( if ! [[ 1 = 1 ]] >&3 ; then echo eins ; elif [[ 1 = 2 ]] >&3 ; then echo zwei ; else echo drei ; fi >&3 ) | tr u x ) 
+       } 
+       inline_TWHILE() {
+               i=1; while (( i < 10 )) >&3; do echo $i; let ++i; done >&3
+       }
+       inline_TWHILE() {
+               i=1 
+               while {
+                             \let] " i < 10 " 
+                     } >&3 
+               do
+                       echo $i 
+                       let ++i 
+               done >&3 
+       } 
+       function comsub_TWHILE { x=$(
+               i=1; while (( i < 10 )) >&3; do echo $i; let ++i; done >&3
+       ); }
+       function comsub_TWHILE {
+               x=$(i=1 ; while { \let] " i < 10 " ; } >&3 ; do echo $i ; let ++i ; done >&3 ) 
+       } 
+       function reread_TWHILE { x=$((
+               i=1; while (( i < 10 )) >&3; do echo $i; let ++i; done >&3
+       )|tr u x); }
+       function reread_TWHILE {
+               x=$(( i=1 ; while { \let] " i < 10 " ; } >&3 ; do echo $i ; let ++i ; done >&3 ) | tr u x ) 
+       } 
+       inline_TUNTIL() {
+               i=10; until  (( !--i )) >&3 ; do echo $i; done >&3
+       }
+       inline_TUNTIL() {
+               i=10 
+               until {
+                             \let] " !--i " 
+                     } >&3 
+               do
+                       echo $i 
+               done >&3 
+       } 
+       function comsub_TUNTIL { x=$(
+               i=10; until  (( !--i )) >&3 ; do echo $i; done >&3
+       ); }
+       function comsub_TUNTIL {
+               x=$(i=10 ; until { \let] " !--i " ; } >&3 ; do echo $i ; done >&3 ) 
+       } 
+       function reread_TUNTIL { x=$((
+               i=10; until  (( !--i )) >&3 ; do echo $i; done >&3
+       )|tr u x); }
+       function reread_TUNTIL {
+               x=$(( i=10 ; until { \let] " !--i " ; } >&3 ; do echo $i ; done >&3 ) | tr u x ) 
+       } 
+       inline_TCOPROC() {
+               cat  *  >&3 |&  >&3 ls
+       }
+       inline_TCOPROC() {
+               cat * >&3 |& 
+               ls >&3 
+       } 
+       function comsub_TCOPROC { x=$(
+               cat  *  >&3 |&  >&3 ls
+       ); }
+       function comsub_TCOPROC {
+               x=$(cat * >&3 |&  ls >&3 ) 
+       } 
+       function reread_TCOPROC { x=$((
+               cat  *  >&3 |&  >&3 ls
+       )|tr u x); }
+       function reread_TCOPROC {
+               x=$(( cat * >&3 |&  ls >&3 ) | tr u x ) 
+       } 
+       inline_TFUNCT_TBRACE_TASYNC() {
+               function  korn  {  echo eins; echo >&3 zwei ;  }
+               bourne  ()  {  logger *  >&3 &  }
+       }
+       inline_TFUNCT_TBRACE_TASYNC() {
+               function korn {
+                       echo eins 
+                       echo zwei >&3 
+               } 
+               bourne() {
+                       logger * >&3 & 
+               } 
+       } 
+       function comsub_TFUNCT_TBRACE_TASYNC { x=$(
+               function  korn  {  echo eins; echo >&3 zwei ;  }
+               bourne  ()  {  logger *  >&3 &  }
+       ); }
+       function comsub_TFUNCT_TBRACE_TASYNC {
+               x=$(function korn { echo eins ; echo zwei >&3 ; } ; bourne() { logger * >&3 &  } ) 
+       } 
+       function reread_TFUNCT_TBRACE_TASYNC { x=$((
+               function  korn  {  echo eins; echo >&3 zwei ;  }
+               bourne  ()  {  logger *  >&3 &  }
+       )|tr u x); }
+       function reread_TFUNCT_TBRACE_TASYNC {
+               x=$(( function korn { echo eins ; echo zwei >&3 ; } ; bourne() { logger * >&3 &  } ) | tr u x ) 
+       } 
+       inline_COMSUB_EXPRSUB() {
+               echo $(true >&3) $((1+ 2))
+       }
+       inline_COMSUB_EXPRSUB() {
+               echo $(true >&3 ) $((1+ 2)) 
+       } 
+       function comsub_COMSUB_EXPRSUB { x=$(
+               echo $(true >&3) $((1+ 2))
+       ); }
+       function comsub_COMSUB_EXPRSUB {
+               x=$(echo $(true >&3 ) $((1+ 2)) ) 
+       } 
+       function reread_COMSUB_EXPRSUB { x=$((
+               echo $(true >&3) $((1+ 2))
+       )|tr u x); }
+       function reread_COMSUB_EXPRSUB {
+               x=$(( echo $(true >&3 ) $((1+ 2)) ) | tr u x ) 
+       } 
+---
+name: funsub-1
+description:
+       Check that non-subenvironment command substitution works
+stdin:
+       set -e
+       foo=bar
+       echo "ob $foo ."
+       echo "${
+               echo "ib $foo :"
+               foo=baz
+               echo "ia $foo :"
+               false
+       }" .
+       echo "oa $foo ."
+expected-stdout:
+       ob bar .
+       ib bar :
+       ia baz : .
+       oa baz .
+---
+name: funsub-2
+description:
+       You can now reliably use local and return in funsubs
+       (not exit though)
+stdin:
+       x=q; e=1; x=${ echo a; e=2; echo x$e;}; echo 1:y$x,$e,$?.
+       x=q; e=1; x=${ echo a; typeset e=2; echo x$e;}; echo 2:y$x,$e,$?.
+       x=q; e=1; x=${ echo a; typeset e=2; return 3; echo x$e;}; echo 3:y$x,$e,$?.
+expected-stdout:
+       1:ya x2,2,0.
+       2:ya x2,1,0.
+       3:ya,1,3.
+---
+name: valsub-1
+description:
+       Check that "value substitutions" work as advertised
+stdin:
+       x=1
+       y=2
+       z=3
+       REPLY=4
+       echo "before:   x<$x> y<$y> z<$z> R<$REPLY>"
+       x=${|
+               local y
+               echo "begin:    x<$x> y<$y> z<$z> R<$REPLY>"
+               x=5
+               y=6
+               z=7
+               REPLY=8
+               echo "end:      x<$x> y<$y> z<$z> R<$REPLY>"
+       }
+       echo "after:    x<$x> y<$y> z<$z> R<$REPLY>"
+       # ensure trailing newlines are kept
+       t=${|REPLY=$'foo\n\n';}
+       typeset -p t
+       echo -n this used to segfault
+       echo ${|true;}$(true).
+expected-stdout:
+       before: x<1> y<2> z<3> R<4>
+       begin:  x<1> y<> z<3> R<>
+       end:    x<5> y<6> z<7> R<8>
+       after:  x<8> y<2> z<7> R<4>
+       typeset t=$'foo\n\n'
+       this used to segfault.
+---
+name: event-subst-3
+description:
+       Check that '!' substitution in noninteractive mode is ignored
+file-setup: file 755 "falsetto"
+       #! /bin/sh
+       echo molto bene
+       exit 42
+file-setup: file 755 "!false"
+       #! /bin/sh
+       echo si
+stdin:
+       export PATH=.$PATHSEP$PATH
+       falsetto
+       echo yeap
+       !false
+       echo meow
+       ! false
+       echo = $?
+       if
+       ! false; then echo foo; else echo bar; fi
+expected-stdout:
+       molto bene
+       yeap
+       si
+       meow
+       = 0
+       foo
+---
+name: event-subst-0
+description:
+       Check that '!' substitution in interactive mode is ignored
+need-ctty: yes
+arguments: !-i!
+file-setup: file 755 "falsetto"
+       #! /bin/sh
+       echo molto bene
+       exit 42
+file-setup: file 755 "!false"
+       #! /bin/sh
+       echo si
+stdin:
+       export PATH=.$PATHSEP$PATH
+       falsetto
+       echo yeap
+       !false
+       echo meow
+       ! false
+       echo = $?
+       if
+       ! false; then echo foo; else echo bar; fi
+expected-stdout:
+       molto bene
+       yeap
+       si
+       meow
+       = 0
+       foo
+expected-stderr-pattern:
+       /.*/
+---
+name: nounset-1
+description:
+       Check that "set -u" matches (future) SUSv4 requirement
+stdin:
+       (set -u
+       try() {
+               local v
+               eval v=\$$1
+               if [[ -n $v ]]; then
+                       echo $1=nz
+               else
+                       echo $1=zf
+               fi
+       }
+       x=y
+       (echo $x)
+       echo =1
+       (echo $y)
+       echo =2
+       (try x)
+       echo =3
+       (try y)
+       echo =4
+       (try 0)
+       echo =5
+       (try 2)
+       echo =6
+       (try)
+       echo =7
+       (echo at=$@)
+       echo =8
+       (echo asterisk=$*)
+       echo =9
+       (echo $?)
+       echo =10
+       (echo $!)
+       echo =11
+       (echo $-)
+       echo =12
+       #(echo $_)
+       #echo =13
+       (echo $#)
+       echo =14
+       (mypid=$$; try mypid)
+       echo =15
+       ) 2>&1 | sed -e 's/^[^]]*]//' -e 's/^[^:]*: *//'
+       exit ${PIPESTATUS[0]}
+expected-stdout:
+       y
+       =1
+       y: parameter not set
+       =2
+       x=nz
+       =3
+       y: parameter not set
+       =4
+       0=nz
+       =5
+       2: parameter not set
+       =6
+       1: parameter not set
+       =7
+       at=
+       =8
+       asterisk=
+       =9
+       0
+       =10
+       !: parameter not set
+       =11
+       ush
+       =12
+       0
+       =14
+       mypid=nz
+       =15
+---
+name: nameref-1
+description:
+       Testsuite for nameref (bound variables)
+stdin:
+       bar=global
+       typeset -n ir2=bar
+       typeset -n ind=ir2
+       echo !ind: ${!ind}
+       echo ind: $ind
+       echo !ir2: ${!ir2}
+       echo ir2: $ir2
+       typeset +n ind
+       echo !ind: ${!ind}
+       echo ind: $ind
+       typeset -n ir2=ind
+       echo !ir2: ${!ir2}
+       echo ir2: $ir2
+       set|grep ^ir2|sed 's/^/s1: /'
+       typeset|grep ' ir2'|sed -e 's/^/s2: /' -e 's/nameref/typeset -n/'
+       set -A blub -- e1 e2 e3
+       typeset -n ind=blub
+       typeset -n ir2=blub[2]
+       echo !ind[1]: ${!ind[1]}
+       echo !ir2: $!ir2
+       echo ind[1]: ${ind[1]}
+       echo ir2: $ir2
+expected-stdout:
+       !ind: bar
+       ind: global
+       !ir2: bar
+       ir2: global
+       !ind: ind
+       ind: ir2
+       !ir2: ind
+       ir2: ir2
+       s1: ir2=ind
+       s2: typeset -n ir2
+       !ind[1]: blub[1]
+       !ir2: ir2
+       ind[1]: e2
+       ir2: e3
+---
+name: nameref-2da
+description:
+       Testsuite for nameref (bound variables)
+       Functions, argument given directly, after local
+stdin:
+       function foo {
+               typeset bar=lokal baz=auch
+               typeset -n v=bar
+               echo entering
+               echo !v: ${!v}
+               echo !bar: ${!bar}
+               echo !baz: ${!baz}
+               echo bar: $bar
+               echo v: $v
+               v=123
+               echo bar: $bar
+               echo v: $v
+               echo exiting
+       }
+       bar=global
+       echo bar: $bar
+       foo bar
+       echo bar: $bar
+expected-stdout:
+       bar: global
+       entering
+       !v: bar
+       !bar: bar
+       !baz: baz
+       bar: lokal
+       v: lokal
+       bar: 123
+       v: 123
+       exiting
+       bar: global
+---
+name: nameref-3
+description:
+       Advanced testsuite for bound variables (ksh93 fails this)
+stdin:
+       typeset -n foo=bar[i]
+       set -A bar -- b c a
+       for i in 0 1 2 3; do
+               print $i $foo .
+       done
+expected-stdout:
+       0 b .
+       1 c .
+       2 a .
+       3 .
+---
+name: nameref-4
+description:
+       Ensure we don't run in an infinite loop
+time-limit: 3
+stdin:
+       baz() {
+               typeset -n foo=fnord fnord=foo
+               foo[0]=bar
+       }
+       set -A foo bad
+       echo sind $foo .
+       baz
+       echo blah $foo .
+expected-stdout:
+       sind bad .
+       blah bad .
+expected-stderr-pattern:
+       /fnord: expression recurses on parameter/
+---
+name: better-parens-1a
+description:
+       Check support for ((…)) and $((…)) vs (…) and $(…)
+stdin:
+       if ( (echo fubar)|tr u x); then
+               echo ja
+       else
+               echo nein
+       fi
+expected-stdout:
+       fxbar
+       ja
+---
+name: better-parens-1b
+description:
+       Check support for ((…)) and $((…)) vs (…) and $(…)
+stdin:
+       echo $( (echo fubar)|tr u x) $?
+expected-stdout:
+       fxbar 0
+---
+name: better-parens-1c
+description:
+       Check support for ((…)) and $((…)) vs (…) and $(…)
+stdin:
+       x=$( (echo fubar)|tr u x); echo $x $?
+expected-stdout:
+       fxbar 0
+---
+name: better-parens-2a
+description:
+       Check support for ((…)) and $((…)) vs (…) and $(…)
+stdin:
+       if ((echo fubar)|tr u x); then
+               echo ja
+       else
+               echo nein
+       fi
+expected-stdout:
+       fxbar
+       ja
+---
+name: better-parens-2b
+description:
+       Check support for ((…)) and $((…)) vs (…) and $(…)
+stdin:
+       echo $((echo fubar)|tr u x) $?
+expected-stdout:
+       fxbar 0
+---
+name: better-parens-2c
+description:
+       Check support for ((…)) and $((…)) vs (…) and $(…)
+stdin:
+       x=$((echo fubar)|tr u x); echo $x $?
+expected-stdout:
+       fxbar 0
+---
+name: better-parens-3a
+description:
+       Check support for ((…)) and $((…)) vs (…) and $(…)
+stdin:
+       if ( (echo fubar)|(tr u x)); then
+               echo ja
+       else
+               echo nein
+       fi
+expected-stdout:
+       fxbar
+       ja
+---
+name: better-parens-3b
+description:
+       Check support for ((…)) and $((…)) vs (…) and $(…)
+stdin:
+       echo $( (echo fubar)|(tr u x)) $?
+expected-stdout:
+       fxbar 0
+---
+name: better-parens-3c
+description:
+       Check support for ((…)) and $((…)) vs (…) and $(…)
+stdin:
+       x=$( (echo fubar)|(tr u x)); echo $x $?
+expected-stdout:
+       fxbar 0
+---
+name: better-parens-4a
+description:
+       Check support for ((…)) and $((…)) vs (…) and $(…)
+stdin:
+       if ((echo fubar)|(tr u x)); then
+               echo ja
+       else
+               echo nein
+       fi
+expected-stdout:
+       fxbar
+       ja
+---
+name: better-parens-4b
+description:
+       Check support for ((…)) and $((…)) vs (…) and $(…)
+stdin:
+       echo $((echo fubar)|(tr u x)) $?
+expected-stdout:
+       fxbar 0
+---
+name: better-parens-4c
+description:
+       Check support for ((…)) and $((…)) vs (…) and $(…)
+stdin:
+       x=$((echo fubar)|(tr u x)); echo $x $?
+expected-stdout:
+       fxbar 0
+---
+name: better-parens-5
+description:
+       Another corner case
+stdin:
+       ( (echo 'fo     o$bar' "baz\$bla\"" m\$eh) | tr a A)
+       ((echo 'fo      o$bar' "baz\$bla\"" m\$eh) | tr a A)
+expected-stdout:
+       fo      o$bAr bAz$blA" m$eh
+       fo      o$bAr bAz$blA" m$eh
+---
+name: echo-test-1
+description:
+       Test what the echo builtin does (mksh)
+stdin:
+       echo -n 'foo\x40bar'
+       echo -e '\tbaz'
+expected-stdout:
+       foo@bar baz
+---
+name: echo-test-2
+description:
+       Test what the echo builtin does (POSIX)
+       Note: this follows Debian Policy 10.4 which mandates
+       that -n shall be treated as an option, not XSI which
+       mandates it shall be treated as string but escapes
+       shall be expanded.
+stdin:
+       test -n "$POSH_VERSION" || set -o posix
+       echo -n 'foo\x40bar'
+       echo -e '\tbaz'
+expected-stdout:
+       foo\x40bar-e \tbaz
+---
+name: echo-test-3-mnbsd
+description:
+       Test what the echo builtin does, and test a compatibility flag.
+category: mnbsdash
+stdin:
+       "$__progname" -c 'echo -n 1=\\x40$1; echo -e \\x2E' -- foo bar
+       "$__progname" -o posix -c 'echo -n 2=\\x40$1; echo -e \\x2E' -- foo bar
+       "$__progname" -o sh -c 'echo -n 3=\\x40$1; echo -e \\x2E' -- foo bar
+expected-stdout:
+       1=@foo.
+       2=\x40foo-e \x2E
+       3=\x40bar.
+---
+name: echo-test-3-normal
+description:
+       Test what the echo builtin does, and test a compatibility flag.
+category: !mnbsdash
+stdin:
+       "$__progname" -c 'echo -n 1=\\x40$1; echo -e \\x2E' -- foo bar
+       "$__progname" -o posix -c 'echo -n 2=\\x40$1; echo -e \\x2E' -- foo bar
+       "$__progname" -o sh -c 'echo -n 3=\\x40$1; echo -e \\x2E' -- foo bar
+expected-stdout:
+       1=@foo.
+       2=\x40foo-e \x2E
+       3=\x40foo-e \x2E
+---
+name: utilities-getopts-1
+description:
+       getopts sets OPTIND correctly for unparsed option
+stdin:
+       set -- -a -a -x
+       while getopts :a optc; do
+           echo "OPTARG=$OPTARG, OPTIND=$OPTIND, optc=$optc."
+       done
+       echo done
+expected-stdout:
+       OPTARG=, OPTIND=2, optc=a.
+       OPTARG=, OPTIND=3, optc=a.
+       OPTARG=x, OPTIND=4, optc=?.
+       done
+---
+name: utilities-getopts-2
+description:
+       Check OPTARG
+stdin:
+       set -- -a Mary -x
+       while getopts a: optc; do
+           echo "OPTARG=$OPTARG, OPTIND=$OPTIND, optc=$optc."
+       done
+       echo done
+expected-stdout:
+       OPTARG=Mary, OPTIND=3, optc=a.
+       OPTARG=, OPTIND=4, optc=?.
+       done
+expected-stderr-pattern: /.*-x.*option/
+---
+name: wcswidth-1
+description:
+       Check the new wcswidth feature
+stdin:
+       s=何
+       set +U
+       print octets: ${#s} .
+       print 8-bit width: ${%s} .
+       set -U
+       print characters: ${#s} .
+       print columns: ${%s} .
+       s=�
+       set +U
+       print octets: ${#s} .
+       print 8-bit width: ${%s} .
+       set -U
+       print characters: ${#s} .
+       print columns: ${%s} .
+expected-stdout:
+       octets: 3 .
+       8-bit width: -1 .
+       characters: 1 .
+       columns: 2 .
+       octets: 3 .
+       8-bit width: 3 .
+       characters: 1 .
+       columns: 1 .
+---
+name: wcswidth-2
+description:
+       Check some corner cases
+stdin:
+       print % $% .
+       set -U
+       x='a    b'
+       print c ${%x} .
+       set +U
+       x='a    b'
+       print d ${%x} .
+expected-stdout:
+       % $% .
+       c -1 .
+       d -1 .
+---
+name: wcswidth-3
+description:
+       Check some corner cases
+stdin:
+       print ${%} .
+expected-stderr-pattern:
+       /bad substitution/
+expected-exit: 1
+---
+name: wcswidth-4a
+description:
+       Check some corner cases
+stdin:
+       print ${%*} .
+expected-stderr-pattern:
+       /bad substitution/
+expected-exit: 1
+---
+name: wcswidth-4b
+description:
+       Check some corner cases
+stdin:
+       print ${%@} .
+expected-stderr-pattern:
+       /bad substitution/
+expected-exit: 1
+---
+name: wcswidth-4c
+description:
+       Check some corner cases
+stdin:
+       :
+       print ${%?} .
+expected-stdout:
+       1 .
+---
+name: realpath-1
+description:
+       Check proper return values for realpath
+category: os:mirbsd
+stdin:
+       wd=$(realpath .)
+       mkdir dir
+       :>file
+       :>dir/file
+       ln -s dir lndir
+       ln -s file lnfile
+       ln -s nix lnnix
+       ln -s . lnself
+       i=0
+       chk() {
+               typeset x y
+               x=$(realpath "$wd/$1" 2>&1); y=$?
+               print $((++i)) "?$1" =${x##*$wd/} !$y
+       }
+       chk dir
+       chk dir/
+       chk dir/file
+       chk dir/nix
+       chk file
+       chk file/
+       chk file/file
+       chk file/nix
+       chk nix
+       chk nix/
+       chk nix/file
+       chk nix/nix
+       chk lndir
+       chk lndir/
+       chk lndir/file
+       chk lndir/nix
+       chk lnfile
+       chk lnfile/
+       chk lnfile/file
+       chk lnfile/nix
+       chk lnnix
+       chk lnnix/
+       chk lnnix/file
+       chk lnnix/nix
+       chk lnself/lnself/lnself/lnself/lnself/lnself/lnself/lnself/lnself/lnself/lnself/lnself/lnself/lnself/lnself/lnself/lnself/lnself/lnself/lnself/lnself/lnself/lnself/lnself/lnself/lnself/lnself/lnself/lnself/lnself/lnself/lnself/lnself/lnself
+       rm lnself
+expected-stdout:
+       1 ?dir =dir !0
+       2 ?dir/ =dir !0
+       3 ?dir/file =dir/file !0
+       4 ?dir/nix =dir/nix !0
+       5 ?file =file !0
+       6 ?file/ =file/: Not a directory !20
+       7 ?file/file =file/file: Not a directory !20
+       8 ?file/nix =file/nix: Not a directory !20
+       9 ?nix =nix !0
+       10 ?nix/ =nix !0
+       11 ?nix/file =nix/file: No such file or directory !2
+       12 ?nix/nix =nix/nix: No such file or directory !2
+       13 ?lndir =dir !0
+       14 ?lndir/ =dir !0
+       15 ?lndir/file =dir/file !0
+       16 ?lndir/nix =dir/nix !0
+       17 ?lnfile =file !0
+       18 ?lnfile/ =lnfile/: Not a directory !20
+       19 ?lnfile/file =lnfile/file: Not a directory !20
+       20 ?lnfile/nix =lnfile/nix: Not a directory !20
+       21 ?lnnix =nix !0
+       22 ?lnnix/ =nix !0
+       23 ?lnnix/file =lnnix/file: No such file or directory !2
+       24 ?lnnix/nix =lnnix/nix: No such file or directory !2
+       25 ?lnself/lnself/lnself/lnself/lnself/lnself/lnself/lnself/lnself/lnself/lnself/lnself/lnself/lnself/lnself/lnself/lnself/lnself/lnself/lnself/lnself/lnself/lnself/lnself/lnself/lnself/lnself/lnself/lnself/lnself/lnself/lnself/lnself/lnself =lnself/lnself/lnself/lnself/lnself/lnself/lnself/lnself/lnself/lnself/lnself/lnself/lnself/lnself/lnself/lnself/lnself/lnself/lnself/lnself/lnself/lnself/lnself/lnself/lnself/lnself/lnself/lnself/lnself/lnself/lnself/lnself/lnself/lnself: Too many levels of symbolic links !62
+---
+name: realpath-2
+description:
+       Ensure that exactly two leading slashes are not collapsed
+       POSIX guarantees this exception, e.g. for UNC paths on Cygwin
+category: os:mirbsd
+stdin:
+       ln -s /bin t1
+       ln -s //bin t2
+       ln -s ///bin t3
+       realpath /bin
+       realpath //bin
+       realpath ///bin
+       realpath /usr/bin
+       realpath /usr//bin
+       realpath /usr///bin
+       realpath t1
+       realpath t2
+       realpath t3
+       rm -f t1 t2 t3
+       cd //usr/bin
+       pwd
+       cd ../lib
+       pwd
+       realpath //usr/include/../bin
+expected-stdout:
+       /bin
+       //bin
+       /bin
+       /usr/bin
+       /usr/bin
+       /usr/bin
+       /bin
+       //bin
+       /bin
+       //usr/bin
+       //usr/lib
+       //usr/bin
+---
+name: crash-1
+description:
+       Crashed during March 2011, fixed on vernal equinōx ☺
+category: os:mirbsd,os:openbsd
+stdin:
+       export MALLOC_OPTIONS=FGJPRSX
+       "$__progname" -c 'x=$(tr z r <<<baz); echo $x'
+expected-stdout:
+       bar
+---
+name: debian-117-1
+description:
+       Check test - bug#465250
+stdin:
+       test \( ! -e \) ; echo $?
+expected-stdout:
+       1
+---
+name: debian-117-2
+description:
+       Check test - bug#465250
+stdin:
+       test \(  -e \) ; echo $?
+expected-stdout:
+       0
+---
+name: debian-117-3
+description:
+       Check test - bug#465250
+stdin:
+       test ! -e  ; echo $?
+expected-stdout:
+       1
+---
+name: debian-117-4
+description:
+       Check test - bug#465250
+stdin:
+       test  -e  ; echo $?
+expected-stdout:
+       0
+---
+name: case-zsh
+description:
+       Check that zsh case variants work
+stdin:
+       case 'b' in
+         a) echo a ;;
+         b) echo b ;;
+         c) echo c ;;
+         *) echo x ;;
+       esac
+       echo =
+       case 'b' in
+         a) echo a ;&
+         b) echo b ;&
+         c) echo c ;&
+         *) echo x ;&
+       esac
+       echo =
+       case 'b' in
+         a) echo a ;|
+         b) echo b ;|
+         c) echo c ;|
+         *) echo x ;|
+       esac
+expected-stdout:
+       b
+       =
+       b
+       c
+       x
+       =
+       b
+       x
+---
+name: case-braces
+description:
+       Check that case end tokens are not mixed up (Debian #220272)
+stdin:
+       i=0
+       for value in 'x' '}' 'esac'; do
+               print -n "$((++i))($value)bourne "
+               case $value in
+               }) echo brace ;;
+               *) echo no ;;
+               esac
+               print -n "$((++i))($value)korn "
+               case $value {
+               esac) echo esac ;;
+               *) echo no ;;
+               }
+       done
+expected-stdout:
+       1(x)bourne no
+       2(x)korn no
+       3(})bourne brace
+       4(})korn no
+       5(esac)bourne no
+       6(esac)korn esac
+---
+name: command-shift
+description:
+       Check that 'command shift' works
+stdin:
+       function snc {
+               echo "before    0='$0' 1='$1' 2='$2'"
+               shift
+               echo "after     0='$0' 1='$1' 2='$2'"
+       }
+       function swc {
+               echo "before    0='$0' 1='$1' 2='$2'"
+               command shift
+               echo "after     0='$0' 1='$1' 2='$2'"
+       }
+       echo = without command
+       snc 一 二
+       echo = with command
+       swc 一 二
+       echo = done
+expected-stdout:
+       = without command
+       before  0='snc' 1='一' 2='二'
+       after   0='snc' 1='二' 2=''
+       = with command
+       before  0='swc' 1='一' 2='二'
+       after   0='swc' 1='二' 2=''
+       = done
+---
+name: command-pvV-posix-priorities
+description:
+       For POSIX compatibility, command -v should find aliases and reserved
+       words, and command -p[vV] should find aliases, reserved words, and
+       builtins over external commands.
+stdin:
+       PATH=/bin:/usr/bin
+       alias foo="bar baz"
+       bar() { :; }
+       for word in 'if' 'foo' 'bar' 'set' 'true'; do
+               command -v "$word"
+               command -pv "$word"
+               command -V "$word"
+               command -pV "$word"
+       done
+expected-stdout:
+       if
+       if
+       if is a reserved word
+       if is a reserved word
+       alias foo='bar baz'
+       alias foo='bar baz'
+       foo is an alias for 'bar baz'
+       foo is an alias for 'bar baz'
+       bar
+       bar
+       bar is a function
+       bar is a function
+       set
+       set
+       set is a special shell builtin
+       set is a special shell builtin
+       true
+       true
+       true is a shell builtin
+       true is a shell builtin
+---
+name: whence-preserve-tradition
+description:
+       This regression test is to ensure that the POSIX compatibility
+       changes for 'command' (see previous test) do not affect traditional
+       'whence' behaviour.
+category: os:mirbsd
+stdin:
+       PATH=/bin:/usr/bin
+       alias foo="bar baz"
+       bar() { :; }
+       for word in 'if' 'foo' 'bar' 'set' 'true'; do
+               whence "$word"
+               whence -p "$word"
+               whence -v "$word"
+               whence -pv "$word"
+       done
+expected-stdout:
+       if
+       if is a reserved word
+       if not found
+       'bar baz'
+       foo is an alias for 'bar baz'
+       foo not found
+       bar
+       bar is a function
+       bar not found
+       set
+       set is a special shell builtin
+       set not found
+       true
+       /bin/true
+       true is a shell builtin
+       true is a tracked alias for /bin/true
+---
+name: duffs-device
+description:
+       Check that the compiler did not optimise-break them
+       (lex.c has got a similar one in SHEREDELIM)
+stdin:
+       set +U
+       s=
+       typeset -i1 i=0
+       while (( ++i < 256 )); do
+               s+=${i#1#}
+       done
+       s+=$'\xC2\xA0\xE2\x82\xAC\xEF\xBF\xBD\xEF\xBF\xBE\xEF\xBF\xBF\xF0\x90\x80\x80.'
+       typeset -p s
+expected-stdout:
+       typeset s=$'\001\002\003\004\005\006\a\b\t\n\v\f\r\016\017\020\021\022\023\024\025\026\027\030\031\032\E\034\035\036\037 !"#$%&\047()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~\177\200\201\202\203\204\205\206\207\210\211\212\213\214\215\216\217\220\221\222\223\224\225\226\227\230\231\232\233\234\235\236\237\240\241\242\243\244\245\246\247\250\251\252\253\254\255\256\257\260\261\262\263\264\265\266\267\270\271\272\273\274\275\276\277\300\301\302\303\304\305\306\307\310\311\312\313\314\315\316\317\320\321\322\323\324\325\326\327\330\331\332\333\334\335\336\337\340\341\342\343\344\345\346\347\350\351\352\353\354\355\356\357\360\361\362\363\364\365\366\367\370\371\372\373\374\375\376\377\u00A0\u20AC\uFFFD\357\277\276\357\277\277\360\220\200\200.'
+---
+name: stateptr-underflow
+description:
+       This check overflows an Xrestpos stored in a short in R40
+category: fastbox
+stdin:
+       function Lb64decode {
+               [[ -o utf8-mode ]]; local u=$?
+               set +U
+               local c s="$*" t=
+               [[ -n $s ]] || { s=$(cat;print x); s=${s%x}; }
+               local -i i=0 n=${#s} p=0 v x
+               local -i16 o
+       
+               while (( i < n )); do
+                       c=${s:(i++):1}
+                       case $c {
+                       (=)     break ;;
+                       ([A-Z]) (( v = 1#$c - 65 )) ;;
+                       ([a-z]) (( v = 1#$c - 71 )) ;;
+                       ([0-9]) (( v = 1#$c + 4 )) ;;
+                       (+)     v=62 ;;
+                       (/)     v=63 ;;
+                       (*)     continue ;;
+                       }
+                       (( x = (x << 6) | v ))
+                       case $((p++)) {
+                       (0)     continue ;;
+                       (1)     (( o = (x >> 4) & 255 )) ;;
+                       (2)     (( o = (x >> 2) & 255 )) ;;
+                       (3)     (( o = x & 255 ))
+                               p=0
+                               ;;
+                       }
+                       t=$t\\x${o#16#}
+               done
+               print -n $t
+               (( u )) || set -U
+       }
+       
+       i=-1
+       s=
+       while (( ++i < 12120 )); do
+               s+=a
+       done
+       Lb64decode $s >/dev/null
+---
+name: xtrace-1
+description:
+       Check that "set -x" doesn't redirect too quickly
+stdin:
+       print '#!'"$__progname" >bash
+       cat >>bash <<'EOF'
+       echo 'GNU bash, version 2.05b.0(1)-release (i386-ecce-mirbsd10)
+       Copyright (C) 2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.'
+       EOF
+       chmod +x bash
+       "$__progname" -xc 'foo=$(./bash --version 2>&1 | sed q); echo "=$foo="'
+expected-stdout:
+       =GNU bash, version 2.05b.0(1)-release (i386-ecce-mirbsd10)=
+expected-stderr-pattern:
+       /.*/
+---
+name: xtrace-2
+description:
+       Check that "set -x" is off during PS4 expansion
+stdin:
+       f() {
+               print -n "(f1:$-)"
+               set -x
+               print -n "(f2:$-)"
+       }
+       PS4='[(p:$-)$(f)] '
+       print "(o0:$-)"
+       set -x -o inherit-xtrace
+       print "(o1:$-)"
+       set +x
+       print "(o2:$-)"
+expected-stdout:
+       (o0:sh)
+       (o1:shx)
+       (o2:sh)
+expected-stderr:
+       [(p:sh)(f1:sh)(f2:sh)] print '(o1:shx)'
+       [(p:sh)(f1:sh)(f2:sh)] set +x
+---
+name: fksh-flags
+description:
+       Check that FKSH functions have their own shell flags
+category: shell:legacy-no
+stdin:
+       [[ $KSH_VERSION = Version* ]] && set +B
+       function foo {
+               set +f
+               set -e
+               echo 2 "${-/s}" .
+       }
+       set -fh
+       echo 1 "${-/s}" .
+       foo
+       echo 3 "${-/s}" .
+expected-stdout:
+       1 fh .
+       2 eh .
+       3 fh .
+---
+name: fksh-flags-legacy
+description:
+       Check that even FKSH functions share the shell flags
+category: shell:legacy-yes
+stdin:
+       [[ $KSH_VERSION = Version* ]] && set +B
+       foo() {
+               set +f
+               set -e
+               echo 2 "${-/s}" .
+       }
+       set -fh
+       echo 1 "${-/s}" .
+       foo
+       echo 3 "${-/s}" .
+expected-stdout:
+       1 fh .
+       2 eh .
+       3 eh .
+---
+name: fsh-flags
+description:
+       Check that !FKSH functions share the shell flags
+stdin:
+       [[ $KSH_VERSION = Version* ]] && set +B
+       foo() {
+               set +f
+               set -e
+               echo 2 "${-/s}" .
+       }
+       set -fh
+       echo 1 "${-/s}" .
+       foo
+       echo 3 "${-/s}" .
+expected-stdout:
+       1 fh .
+       2 eh .
+       3 eh .
+---
diff --git a/source/sh/dot.mkshrc b/source/sh/dot.mkshrc
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..ab13f9d
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,604 @@
+# $Id$
+# $MirOS: src/bin/mksh/dot.mkshrc,v 1.104 2015/12/31 21:00:12 tg Exp $
+#-
+# Copyright (c) 2002, 2003, 2004, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010,
+#              2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015
+#      mirabilos <m@mirbsd.org>
+#
+# Provided that these terms and disclaimer and all copyright notices
+# are retained or reproduced in an accompanying document, permission
+# is granted to deal in this work without restriction, including un-
+# limited rights to use, publicly perform, distribute, sell, modify,
+# merge, give away, or sublicence.
+#
+# This work is provided "AS IS" and WITHOUT WARRANTY of any kind, to
+# the utmost extent permitted by applicable law, neither express nor
+# implied; without malicious intent or gross negligence. In no event
+# may a licensor, author or contributor be held liable for indirect,
+# direct, other damage, loss, or other issues arising in any way out
+# of dealing in the work, even if advised of the possibility of such
+# damage or existence of a defect, except proven that it results out
+# of said person's immediate fault when using the work as intended.
+#-
+# ${ENV:-~/.mkshrc}: mksh initialisation file for interactive shells
+
+# catch non-mksh (including lksh) trying to run this file
+case ${KSH_VERSION:-} in
+*MIRBSD\ KSH*) ;;
+*) return 0 ;;
+esac
+
+PS1='#'; (( USER_ID )) && PS1='$'; \: "${TERM:=vt100}${HOSTNAME:=$(\ulimit -c \
+    0; hostname 2>/dev/null)}${EDITOR:=/bin/ed}${USER:=$(\ulimit -c 0; id -un \
+    2>/dev/null || \echo \?)}${MKSH:=$(\builtin whence -p mksh)}"
+HOSTNAME=${HOSTNAME%%*([        ]).*}; HOSTNAME=${HOSTNAME##*([         ])}
+[[ $HOSTNAME = ?(ip6-)localhost?(6) ]] && HOSTNAME=
+\: "${HOSTNAME:=nil}${MKSH:=/bin/mksh}"; \export EDITOR HOSTNAME MKSH TERM USER
+PS4='[$EPOCHREALTIME] '; PS1=$'\001\r''${|
+       \typeset e=$?
+
+       (( e )) && REPLY+="$e|"
+       REPLY+=${USER}@${HOSTNAME%%.*}:
+
+       \typeset d=${PWD:-?} p=~; [[ $p = ?(*/) ]] || d=${d/#$p/\~}
+       \typeset m=${%d} n p=...; (( m > 0 )) || m=${#d}
+       (( m > (n = (COLUMNS/3 < 7 ? 7 : COLUMNS/3)) )) && d=${d:(-n)} || p=
+       REPLY+=$p$d
+
+       \return $e
+} '"$PS1 "
+\alias ls=ls
+\unalias ls
+\alias l='ls -F'
+\alias la='l -a'
+\alias ll='l -l'
+\alias lo='l -alo'
+\alias doch='sudo mksh -c "$(\builtin fc -ln -1)"'
+\command -v rot13 >/dev/null || \alias rot13='tr \
+    abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ \
+    nopqrstuvwxyzabcdefghijklmNOPQRSTUVWXYZABCDEFGHIJKLM'
+if \command -v hd >/dev/null; then \:; elif \command -v hexdump >/dev/null; then
+       function hd {
+               hexdump -e '"%08.8_ax  " 8/1 "%02X " " - " 8/1 "%02X "' \
+                   -e '"  |" "%_p"' -e '"|\n"' "$@"
+       }
+else
+       function hd {
+               \typeset -Uui16 -Z11 pos=0
+               \typeset -Uui16 -Z5 hv=2147483647
+               \typeset dasc line i
+               \set +U
+
+               \cat "$@" | if \read -arN -1 line; then
+                       \typeset -i1 'line[*]'
+                       i=0
+                       while (( i < ${#line[*]} )); do
+                               hv=${line[i++]}
+                               if (( (pos & 15) == 0 )); then
+                                       (( pos )) && \
+                                           \builtin print -r -- "$dasc|"
+                                       \builtin print -n "${pos#16#}  "
+                                       dasc=' |'
+                               fi
+                               \builtin print -n "${hv#16#} "
+                               #XXX EBCDIC, but we need [[:print:]] to fix this
+                               if (( (hv < 32) || (hv > 126) )); then
+                                       dasc+=.
+                               else
+                                       dasc+=${line[i-1]#1#}
+                               fi
+                               (( (pos++ & 15) == 7 )) && \
+                                   \builtin print -n -- '- '
+                       done
+                       while (( pos & 15 )); do
+                               \builtin print -n '   '
+                               (( (pos++ & 15) == 7 )) && \
+                                   \builtin print -n -- '- '
+                       done
+                       (( hv == 2147483647 )) || \builtin print -r -- "$dasc|"
+               fi
+       }
+fi
+
+# Berkeley C shell compatible dirs, popd, and pushd functions
+# Z shell compatible chpwd() hook, used to update DIRSTACK[0]
+DIRSTACKBASE=$(\builtin realpath ~/. 2>/dev/null || \
+    \builtin print -nr -- "${HOME:-/}")
+set -A DIRSTACK
+function chpwd {
+       DIRSTACK[0]=$(\builtin realpath . 2>/dev/null || \
+           \builtin print -r -- "$PWD")
+       [[ $DIRSTACKBASE = ?(*/) ]] || \
+           DIRSTACK[0]=${DIRSTACK[0]/#$DIRSTACKBASE/\~}
+       \:
+}
+\chpwd .
+cd() {
+       \builtin cd "$@" || \return $?
+       \chpwd "$@"
+}
+function cd_csh {
+       \typeset d t=${1/#\~/$DIRSTACKBASE}
+
+       if ! d=$(\builtin cd "$t" 2>&1); then
+               \builtin print -u2 "${1}: ${d##*cd: $t: }."
+               \return 1
+       fi
+       \cd "$t"
+}
+function dirs {
+       \typeset d dwidth
+       \typeset -i fl=0 fv=0 fn=0 cpos=0
+
+       while \getopts ":lvn" d; do
+               case $d {
+               (l)     fl=1 ;;
+               (v)     fv=1 ;;
+               (n)     fn=1 ;;
+               (*)     \builtin print -u2 'Usage: dirs [-lvn].'
+                       \return 1 ;;
+               }
+       done
+       \shift $((OPTIND - 1))
+       if (( $# > 0 )); then
+               \builtin print -u2 'Usage: dirs [-lvn].'
+               \return 1
+       fi
+       if (( fv )); then
+               fv=0
+               while (( fv < ${#DIRSTACK[*]} )); do
+                       d=${DIRSTACK[fv]}
+                       (( fl )) && d=${d/#\~/$DIRSTACKBASE}
+                       \builtin print -r -- "$fv       $d"
+                       \builtin let fv++
+               done
+       else
+               fv=0
+               while (( fv < ${#DIRSTACK[*]} )); do
+                       d=${DIRSTACK[fv]}
+                       (( fl )) && d=${d/#\~/$DIRSTACKBASE}
+                       (( dwidth = (${%d} > 0 ? ${%d} : ${#d}) ))
+                       if (( fn && (cpos += dwidth + 1) >= 79 && \
+                           dwidth < 80 )); then
+                               \builtin print
+                               (( cpos = dwidth + 1 ))
+                       fi
+                       \builtin print -nr -- "$d "
+                       \builtin let fv++
+               done
+               \builtin print
+       fi
+       \return 0
+}
+function popd {
+       \typeset d fa
+       \typeset -i n=1
+
+       while \getopts ":0123456789lvn" d; do
+               case $d {
+               (l|v|n) fa+=" -$d" ;;
+               (+*)    n=2
+                       \break ;;
+               (*)     \builtin print -u2 'Usage: popd [-lvn] [+<n>].'
+                       \return 1 ;;
+               }
+       done
+       \shift $((OPTIND - n))
+       n=0
+       if (( $# > 1 )); then
+               \builtin print -u2 popd: Too many arguments.
+               \return 1
+       elif [[ $1 = ++([0-9]) && $1 != +0 ]]; then
+               if (( (n = ${1#+}) >= ${#DIRSTACK[*]} )); then
+                       \builtin print -u2 popd: Directory stack not that deep.
+                       \return 1
+               fi
+       elif [[ -n $1 ]]; then
+               \builtin print -u2 popd: Bad directory.
+               \return 1
+       fi
+       if (( ${#DIRSTACK[*]} < 2 )); then
+               \builtin print -u2 popd: Directory stack empty.
+               \return 1
+       fi
+       \unset DIRSTACK[n]
+       \set -A DIRSTACK -- "${DIRSTACK[@]}"
+       \cd_csh "${DIRSTACK[0]}" || \return 1
+       \dirs $fa
+}
+function pushd {
+       \typeset d fa
+       \typeset -i n=1
+
+       while \getopts ":0123456789lvn" d; do
+               case $d {
+               (l|v|n) fa+=" -$d" ;;
+               (+*)    n=2
+                       \break ;;
+               (*)     \builtin print -u2 'Usage: pushd [-lvn] [<dir>|+<n>].'
+                       \return 1 ;;
+               }
+       done
+       \shift $((OPTIND - n))
+       if (( $# == 0 )); then
+               if (( ${#DIRSTACK[*]} < 2 )); then
+                       \builtin print -u2 pushd: No other directory.
+                       \return 1
+               fi
+               d=${DIRSTACK[1]}
+               DIRSTACK[1]=${DIRSTACK[0]}
+               \cd_csh "$d" || \return 1
+       elif (( $# > 1 )); then
+               \builtin print -u2 pushd: Too many arguments.
+               \return 1
+       elif [[ $1 = ++([0-9]) && $1 != +0 ]]; then
+               if (( (n = ${1#+}) >= ${#DIRSTACK[*]} )); then
+                       \builtin print -u2 pushd: Directory stack not that deep.
+                       \return 1
+               fi
+               while (( n-- )); do
+                       d=${DIRSTACK[0]}
+                       \unset DIRSTACK[0]
+                       \set -A DIRSTACK -- "${DIRSTACK[@]}" "$d"
+               done
+               \cd_csh "${DIRSTACK[0]}" || \return 1
+       else
+               \set -A DIRSTACK -- placeholder "${DIRSTACK[@]}"
+               \cd_csh "$1" || \return 1
+       fi
+       \dirs $fa
+}
+
+# pager (not control character safe)
+function smores {
+       (
+               \set +m
+               \cat "$@" |&
+               \trap "rv=\$?; 'kill' $! >/dev/null 2>&1; 'exit' \$rv" EXIT
+               while IFS= \read -pr line; do
+                       llen=${%line}
+                       (( llen == -1 )) && llen=${#line}
+                       (( llen = llen ? (llen + COLUMNS - 1) / COLUMNS : 1 ))
+                       if (( (curlin += llen) >= LINES )); then
+                               \builtin print -n -- '\e[7m--more--\e[0m'
+                               \read -u1 || \exit $?
+                               [[ $REPLY = [Qq]* ]] && \exit 0
+                               curlin=$llen
+                       fi
+                       \builtin print -r -- "$line"
+               done
+       )
+}
+
+# base64 encoder and decoder, RFC compliant, NUL safe, not EBCDIC safe
+function Lb64decode {
+       \set +U
+       \typeset c s="$*" t
+       [[ -n $s ]] || { s=$(\cat; \builtin print x); s=${s%x}; }
+       \typeset -i i=0 j=0 n=${#s} p=0 v x
+       \typeset -i16 o
+
+       while (( i < n )); do
+               c=${s:(i++):1}
+               case $c {
+               (=)     \break ;;
+               ([A-Z]) (( v = 1#$c - 65 )) ;;
+               ([a-z]) (( v = 1#$c - 71 )) ;;
+               ([0-9]) (( v = 1#$c + 4 )) ;;
+               (+)     v=62 ;;
+               (/)     v=63 ;;
+               (*)     \continue ;;
+               }
+               (( x = (x << 6) | v ))
+               case $((p++)) {
+               (0)     \continue ;;
+               (1)     (( o = (x >> 4) & 255 )) ;;
+               (2)     (( o = (x >> 2) & 255 )) ;;
+               (3)     (( o = x & 255 ))
+                       p=0
+                       ;;
+               }
+               t+=\\x${o#16#}
+               (( ++j & 4095 )) && \continue
+               \builtin print -n $t
+               t=
+       done
+       \builtin print -n $t
+}
+
+\set -A Lb64encode_tbl -- A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z \
+    a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 + /
+function Lb64encode {
+       \set +U
+       \typeset c s t
+       if (( $# )); then
+               \read -raN-1 s <<<"$*"
+               \unset s[${#s[*]}-1]
+       else
+               \read -raN-1 s
+       fi
+       \typeset -i i=0 n=${#s[*]} j v
+
+       while (( i < n )); do
+               (( v = s[i++] << 16 ))
+               (( j = i < n ? s[i++] : 0 ))
+               (( v |= j << 8 ))
+               (( j = i < n ? s[i++] : 0 ))
+               (( v |= j ))
+               t+=${Lb64encode_tbl[v >> 18]}${Lb64encode_tbl[v >> 12 & 63]}
+               c=${Lb64encode_tbl[v >> 6 & 63]}
+               if (( i <= n )); then
+                       t+=$c${Lb64encode_tbl[v & 63]}
+               elif (( i == n + 1 )); then
+                       t+=$c=
+               else
+                       t+===
+               fi
+               if (( ${#t} == 76 || i >= n )); then
+                       \builtin print $t
+                       t=
+               fi
+       done
+}
+
+# Better Avalanche for the Jenkins Hash
+\typeset -Z11 -Uui16 Lbafh_v
+function Lbafh_init {
+       Lbafh_v=0
+}
+function Lbafh_add {
+       \set +U
+       \typeset s
+       if (( $# )); then
+               \read -raN-1 s <<<"$*"
+               \unset s[${#s[*]}-1]
+       else
+               \read -raN-1 s
+       fi
+       \typeset -i i=0 n=${#s[*]}
+
+       while (( i < n )); do
+               ((# Lbafh_v = (Lbafh_v + s[i++] + 1) * 1025 ))
+               ((# Lbafh_v ^= Lbafh_v >> 6 ))
+       done
+}
+function Lbafh_finish {
+       \typeset -Ui t
+
+       ((# t = (((Lbafh_v >> 7) & 0x01010101) * 0x1B) ^ \
+           ((Lbafh_v << 1) & 0xFEFEFEFE) ))
+       ((# Lbafh_v = t ^ (t >>> 8) ^ (Lbafh_v >>> 8) ^ \
+           (Lbafh_v >>> 16) ^ (Lbafh_v >>> 24) ))
+       \:
+}
+
+# strip comments (and leading/trailing whitespace if IFS is set) from
+# any file(s) given as argument, or stdin if none, and spew to stdout
+function Lstripcom {
+       \set -o noglob
+       \cat "$@" | while \read _line; do
+               _line=${_line%%#*}
+               [[ -n $_line ]] && \builtin print -r -- $_line
+       done
+}
+
+# give MidnightBSD's laffer1 a bit of csh feeling
+function setenv {
+       if (( $# )); then
+               \eval '\export "$1"="${2:-}"'
+       else
+               \typeset -x
+       fi
+}
+
+# toggle built-in aliases and utilities, and aliases and functions from mkshrc
+function enable {
+       \typeset doprnt=0 mode=1 x y z rv=0
+       \typeset b_alias i_alias i_func nalias=0 nfunc=0 i_all
+       \set -A b_alias
+       \set -A i_alias
+       \set -A i_func
+
+       # accumulate mksh built-in aliases, in ASCIIbetical order
+       i_alias[nalias]=autoload; b_alias[nalias++]='\typeset -fu'
+       i_alias[nalias]=functions; b_alias[nalias++]='\typeset -f'
+       i_alias[nalias]=hash; b_alias[nalias++]='\builtin alias -t'
+       i_alias[nalias]=history; b_alias[nalias++]='\builtin fc -l'
+       i_alias[nalias]=integer; b_alias[nalias++]='\typeset -i'
+       i_alias[nalias]=local; b_alias[nalias++]='\typeset'
+       i_alias[nalias]=login; b_alias[nalias++]='\exec login'
+       i_alias[nalias]=nameref; b_alias[nalias++]='\typeset -n'
+       i_alias[nalias]=nohup; b_alias[nalias++]='nohup '
+       i_alias[nalias]=r; b_alias[nalias++]='\builtin fc -e -'
+       i_alias[nalias]=type; b_alias[nalias++]='\builtin whence -v'
+
+       # accumulate mksh built-in utilities, in definition order, even ifndef
+       i_func[nfunc++]=.
+       i_func[nfunc++]=:
+       i_func[nfunc++]='['
+       i_func[nfunc++]=alias
+       i_func[nfunc++]=break
+       i_func[nfunc++]=builtin
+       i_func[nfunc++]=cat
+       i_func[nfunc++]=cd
+       i_func[nfunc++]=chdir
+       i_func[nfunc++]=command
+       i_func[nfunc++]=continue
+       i_func[nfunc++]=echo
+       i_func[nfunc++]=eval
+       i_func[nfunc++]=exec
+       i_func[nfunc++]=exit
+       i_func[nfunc++]=export
+       i_func[nfunc++]=false
+       i_func[nfunc++]=fc
+       i_func[nfunc++]=getopts
+       i_func[nfunc++]=global
+       i_func[nfunc++]=jobs
+       i_func[nfunc++]=kill
+       i_func[nfunc++]=let
+       i_func[nfunc++]='let]'
+       i_func[nfunc++]=print
+       i_func[nfunc++]=pwd
+       i_func[nfunc++]=read
+       i_func[nfunc++]=readonly
+       i_func[nfunc++]=realpath
+       i_func[nfunc++]=rename
+       i_func[nfunc++]=return
+       i_func[nfunc++]=set
+       i_func[nfunc++]=shift
+       i_func[nfunc++]=source
+       i_func[nfunc++]=suspend
+       i_func[nfunc++]=test
+       i_func[nfunc++]=times
+       i_func[nfunc++]=trap
+       i_func[nfunc++]=true
+       i_func[nfunc++]=typeset
+       i_func[nfunc++]=ulimit
+       i_func[nfunc++]=umask
+       i_func[nfunc++]=unalias
+       i_func[nfunc++]=unset
+       i_func[nfunc++]=wait
+       i_func[nfunc++]=whence
+       i_func[nfunc++]=bg
+       i_func[nfunc++]=fg
+       i_func[nfunc++]=bind
+       i_func[nfunc++]=mknod
+       i_func[nfunc++]=printf
+       i_func[nfunc++]=sleep
+       i_func[nfunc++]=domainname
+       i_func[nfunc++]=extproc
+
+       # accumulate aliases from dot.mkshrc, in definition order
+       i_alias[nalias]=l; b_alias[nalias++]='ls -F'
+       i_alias[nalias]=la; b_alias[nalias++]='l -a'
+       i_alias[nalias]=ll; b_alias[nalias++]='l -l'
+       i_alias[nalias]=lo; b_alias[nalias++]='l -alo'
+       i_alias[nalias]=doch; b_alias[nalias++]='sudo mksh -c "$(\builtin fc -ln -1)"'
+       i_alias[nalias]=rot13; b_alias[nalias++]='tr abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ nopqrstuvwxyzabcdefghijklmNOPQRSTUVWXYZABCDEFGHIJKLM'
+       i_alias[nalias]=cls; b_alias[nalias++]='\builtin print -n \\ec'
+
+       # accumulate functions from dot.mkshrc, in definition order
+       i_func[nfunc++]=hd
+       i_func[nfunc++]=chpwd
+       i_func[nfunc++]=cd_csh
+       i_func[nfunc++]=dirs
+       i_func[nfunc++]=popd
+       i_func[nfunc++]=pushd
+       i_func[nfunc++]=smores
+       i_func[nfunc++]=Lb64decode
+       i_func[nfunc++]=Lb64encode
+       i_func[nfunc++]=Lbafh_init
+       i_func[nfunc++]=Lbafh_add
+       i_func[nfunc++]=Lbafh_finish
+       i_func[nfunc++]=Lstripcom
+       i_func[nfunc++]=setenv
+       i_func[nfunc++]=enable
+
+       # collect all identifiers, sorted ASCIIbetically
+       \set -sA i_all -- "${i_alias[@]}" "${i_func[@]}"
+
+       # handle options, we don't do dynamic loading
+       while \getopts "adf:nps" x; do
+               case $x {
+               (a)
+                       mode=-1
+                       ;;
+               (d)
+                       # deliberately causing an error, like bash-static
+                       ;|
+               (f)
+                       \builtin print -u2 enable: dynamic loading not available
+                       \return 2
+                       ;;
+               (n)
+                       mode=0
+                       ;;
+               (p)
+                       doprnt=1
+                       ;;
+               (s)
+                       \set -sA i_all -- . : break continue eval exec exit \
+                           export readonly return set shift times trap unset
+                       ;;
+               (*)
+                       \builtin print -u2 enable: usage: \
+                           "enable [-adnps] [-f filename] [name ...]"
+                       return 2
+                       ;;
+               }
+       done
+       \shift $((OPTIND - 1))
+
+       # display builtins enabled/disabled/all/special?
+       if (( doprnt || ($# == 0) )); then
+               for x in "${i_all[@]}"; do
+                       y=$(\alias "$x") || y=
+                       [[ $y = "$x='\\builtin whence -p $x >/dev/null || (\\builtin print mksh: $x: not found; exit 127) && \$(\\builtin whence -p $x)'" ]]; z=$?
+                       case $mode:$z {
+                       (-1:0|0:0)
+                               \print -r -- "enable -n $x"
+                               ;;
+                       (-1:1|1:1)
+                               \print -r -- "enable $x"
+                               ;;
+                       }
+               done
+               \return 0
+       fi
+
+       for x in "$@"; do
+               z=0
+               for y in "${i_alias[@]}" "${i_func[@]}"; do
+                       [[ $x = "$y" ]] || \continue
+                       z=1
+                       \break
+               done
+               if (( !z )); then
+                       \builtin print -ru2 enable: "$x": not a shell builtin
+                       rv=1
+                       \continue
+               fi
+               if (( !mode )); then
+                       # disable this
+                       \alias "$x=\\builtin whence -p $x >/dev/null || (\\builtin print mksh: $x: not found; exit 127) && \$(\\builtin whence -p $x)"
+               else
+                       # find out if this is an alias or not, first
+                       z=0
+                       y=-1
+                       while (( ++y < nalias )); do
+                               [[ $x = "${i_alias[y]}" ]] || \continue
+                               z=1
+                               \break
+                       done
+                       if (( z )); then
+                               # re-enable the original alias body
+                               \alias "$x=${b_alias[y]}"
+                       else
+                               # re-enable the original utility/function
+                               \unalias "$x"
+                       fi
+               fi
+       done
+       \return $rv
+}
+
+\: place customisations below this line
+
+for p in ~/.etc/bin ~/bin; do
+       [[ -d $p/. ]] || \continue
+       #XXX OS/2
+       [[ :$PATH: = *:$p:* ]] || PATH=$p:$PATH
+done
+
+\export SHELL=$MKSH MANWIDTH=80 LESSHISTFILE=-
+\alias cls='\builtin print -n \\ec'
+
+#\unset LANGUAGE LC_ADDRESS LC_ALL LC_COLLATE LC_IDENTIFICATION LC_MONETARY \
+#    LC_NAME LC_NUMERIC LC_TELEPHONE LC_TIME
+#p=en_GB.UTF-8
+#\export LANG=C LC_CTYPE=$p LC_MEASUREMENT=$p LC_MESSAGES=$p LC_PAPER=$p
+#\set -U
+
+\unset p
+
+\: place customisations above this line
diff --git a/source/sh/edit.c b/source/sh/edit.c
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..031870e
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,5551 @@
+/*     $OpenBSD: edit.c,v 1.41 2015/09/01 13:12:31 tedu Exp $  */
+/*     $OpenBSD: edit.h,v 1.9 2011/05/30 17:14:35 martynas Exp $       */
+/*     $OpenBSD: emacs.c,v 1.52 2015/09/10 22:48:58 nicm Exp $ */
+/*     $OpenBSD: vi.c,v 1.30 2015/09/10 22:48:58 nicm Exp $    */
+
+/*-
+ * Copyright (c) 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010,
+ *              2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016
+ *     mirabilos <m@mirbsd.org>
+ *
+ * Provided that these terms and disclaimer and all copyright notices
+ * are retained or reproduced in an accompanying document, permission
+ * is granted to deal in this work without restriction, including un-
+ * limited rights to use, publicly perform, distribute, sell, modify,
+ * merge, give away, or sublicence.
+ *
+ * This work is provided "AS IS" and WITHOUT WARRANTY of any kind, to
+ * the utmost extent permitted by applicable law, neither express nor
+ * implied; without malicious intent or gross negligence. In no event
+ * may a licensor, author or contributor be held liable for indirect,
+ * direct, other damage, loss, or other issues arising in any way out
+ * of dealing in the work, even if advised of the possibility of such
+ * damage or existence of a defect, except proven that it results out
+ * of said person's immediate fault when using the work as intended.
+ */
+
+#include "sh.h"
+
+#ifndef MKSH_NO_CMDLINE_EDITING
+
+__RCSID("$MirOS: src/bin/mksh/edit.c,v 1.294 2016/03/04 14:26:12 tg Exp $");
+
+/*
+ * in later versions we might use libtermcap for this, but since external
+ * dependencies are problematic, this has not yet been decided on; another
+ * good string is "\033c" except on hardware terminals like the DEC VT420
+ * which do a full power cycle then...
+ */
+#ifndef MKSH_CLS_STRING
+#define MKSH_CLS_STRING                "\033[;H\033[J"
+#endif
+#ifndef MKSH_CLRTOEOL_STRING
+#define MKSH_CLRTOEOL_STRING   "\033[K"
+#endif
+
+/* tty driver characters we are interested in */
+typedef struct {
+       int erase;
+       int kill;
+       int werase;
+       int intr;
+       int quit;
+       int eof;
+} X_chars;
+
+static X_chars edchars;
+
+/* x_cf_glob() flags */
+#define XCF_COMMAND    BIT(0)  /* Do command completion */
+#define XCF_FILE       BIT(1)  /* Do file completion */
+#define XCF_FULLPATH   BIT(2)  /* command completion: store full path */
+#define XCF_COMMAND_FILE (XCF_COMMAND | XCF_FILE)
+#define XCF_IS_COMMAND BIT(3)  /* return flag: is command */
+#define XCF_IS_NOSPACE BIT(4)  /* return flag: do not append a space */
+
+static char editmode;
+static int xx_cols;                    /* for Emacs mode */
+static int modified;                   /* buffer has been "modified" */
+static char *holdbufp;                 /* place to hold last edit buffer */
+
+static int x_getc(void);
+static void x_putcf(int);
+static void x_modified(void);
+static void x_mode(bool);
+static int x_do_comment(char *, ssize_t, ssize_t *);
+static void x_print_expansions(int, char * const *, bool);
+static int x_cf_glob(int *, const char *, int, int, int *, int *, char ***);
+static size_t x_longest_prefix(int, char * const *);
+static void x_glob_hlp_add_qchar(char *);
+static char *x_glob_hlp_tilde_and_rem_qchar(char *, bool);
+static int x_basename(const char *, const char *);
+static void x_free_words(int, char **);
+static int x_escape(const char *, size_t, int (*)(const char *, size_t));
+static int x_emacs(char *);
+static void x_init_prompt(bool);
+#if !MKSH_S_NOVI
+static int x_vi(char *);
+#endif
+
+#define x_flush()      shf_flush(shl_out)
+#if defined(MKSH_SMALL) && !defined(MKSH_SMALL_BUT_FAST)
+#define x_putc(c)      x_putcf(c)
+#else
+#define x_putc(c)      shf_putc((c), shl_out)
+#endif
+
+static int path_order_cmp(const void *, const void *);
+static void glob_table(const char *, XPtrV *, struct table *);
+static void glob_path(int, const char *, XPtrV *, const char *);
+static int x_file_glob(int *, char *, char ***);
+static int x_command_glob(int, char *, char ***);
+static int x_locate_word(const char *, int, int, int *, bool *);
+
+static int x_e_getmbc(char *);
+static int x_e_rebuildline(const char *);
+
+/* +++ generic editing functions +++ */
+
+/*
+ * read an edited command line
+ */
+int
+x_read(char *buf)
+{
+       int i;
+
+       x_mode(true);
+       modified = 1;
+       if (Flag(FEMACS) || Flag(FGMACS))
+               i = x_emacs(buf);
+#if !MKSH_S_NOVI
+       else if (Flag(FVI))
+               i = x_vi(buf);
+#endif
+       else
+               /* internal error */
+               i = -1;
+       editmode = 0;
+       x_mode(false);
+       return (i);
+}
+
+/* tty I/O */
+
+static int
+x_getc(void)
+{
+       char c;
+       ssize_t n;
+
+       while ((n = blocking_read(STDIN_FILENO, &c, 1)) < 0 && errno == EINTR)
+               if (trap) {
+                       x_mode(false);
+                       runtraps(0);
+#ifdef SIGWINCH
+                       if (got_winch) {
+                               change_winsz();
+                               if (x_cols != xx_cols && editmode == 1) {
+                                       /* redraw line in Emacs mode */
+                                       xx_cols = x_cols;
+                                       x_init_prompt(false);
+                                       x_e_rebuildline(MKSH_CLRTOEOL_STRING);
+                               }
+                       }
+#endif
+                       x_mode(true);
+               }
+       return ((n == 1) ? (int)(unsigned char)c : -1);
+}
+
+static void
+x_putcf(int c)
+{
+       shf_putc(c, shl_out);
+}
+
+/*********************************
+ * Misc common code for vi/emacs *
+ *********************************/
+
+/*-
+ * Handle the commenting/uncommenting of a line.
+ * Returns:
+ *     1 if a carriage return is indicated (comment added)
+ *     0 if no return (comment removed)
+ *     -1 if there is an error (not enough room for comment chars)
+ * If successful, *lenp contains the new length. Note: cursor should be
+ * moved to the start of the line after (un)commenting.
+ */
+static int
+x_do_comment(char *buf, ssize_t bsize, ssize_t *lenp)
+{
+       ssize_t i, j, len = *lenp;
+
+       if (len == 0)
+               /* somewhat arbitrary - it's what AT&T ksh does */
+               return (1);
+
+       /* Already commented? */
+       if (buf[0] == '#') {
+               bool saw_nl = false;
+
+               for (j = 0, i = 1; i < len; i++) {
+                       if (!saw_nl || buf[i] != '#')
+                               buf[j++] = buf[i];
+                       saw_nl = buf[i] == '\n';
+               }
+               *lenp = j;
+               return (0);
+       } else {
+               int n = 1;
+
+               /* See if there's room for the #s - 1 per \n */
+               for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
+                       if (buf[i] == '\n')
+                               n++;
+               if (len + n >= bsize)
+                       return (-1);
+               /* Now add them... */
+               for (i = len, j = len + n; --i >= 0; ) {
+                       if (buf[i] == '\n')
+                               buf[--j] = '#';
+                       buf[--j] = buf[i];
+               }
+               buf[0] = '#';
+               *lenp += n;
+               return (1);
+       }
+}
+
+/****************************************************
+ * Common file/command completion code for vi/emacs *
+ ****************************************************/
+
+static void
+x_print_expansions(int nwords, char * const *words, bool is_command)
+{
+       bool use_copy = false;
+       int prefix_len;
+       XPtrV l = { NULL, 0, 0 };
+
+       /*
+        * Check if all matches are in the same directory (in this
+        * case, we want to omit the directory name)
+        */
+       if (!is_command &&
+           (prefix_len = x_longest_prefix(nwords, words)) > 0) {
+               int i;
+
+               /* Special case for 1 match (prefix is whole word) */
+               if (nwords == 1)
+                       prefix_len = x_basename(words[0], NULL);
+               /* Any (non-trailing) slashes in non-common word suffixes? */
+               for (i = 0; i < nwords; i++)
+                       if (x_basename(words[i] + prefix_len, NULL) >
+                           prefix_len)
+                               break;
+               /* All in same directory? */
+               if (i == nwords) {
+                       while (prefix_len > 0 && words[0][prefix_len - 1] != '/')
+                               prefix_len--;
+                       use_copy = true;
+                       XPinit(l, nwords + 1);
+                       for (i = 0; i < nwords; i++)
+                               XPput(l, words[i] + prefix_len);
+                       XPput(l, NULL);
+               }
+       }
+       /*
+        * Enumerate expansions
+        */
+       x_putc('\r');
+       x_putc('\n');
+       pr_list(use_copy ? (char **)XPptrv(l) : words);
+
+       if (use_copy)
+               /* not x_free_words() */
+               XPfree(l);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Convert backslash-escaped string to QCHAR-escaped
+ * string useful for globbing; loses QCHAR unless it
+ * can squeeze in, eg. by previous loss of backslash
+ */
+static void
+x_glob_hlp_add_qchar(char *cp)
+{
+       char ch, *dp = cp;
+       bool escaping = false;
+
+       while ((ch = *cp++)) {
+               if (ch == '\\' && !escaping) {
+                       escaping = true;
+                       continue;
+               }
+               if (escaping || (ch == QCHAR && (cp - dp) > 1)) {
+                       /*
+                        * empirically made list of chars to escape
+                        * for globbing as well as QCHAR itself
+                        */
+                       switch (ch) {
+                       case QCHAR:
+                       case '$':
+                       case '*':
+                       case '?':
+                       case '[':
+                       case '\\':
+                       case '`':
+                               *dp++ = QCHAR;
+                               break;
+                       }
+                       escaping = false;
+               }
+               *dp++ = ch;
+       }
+       *dp = '\0';
+}
+
+/*
+ * Run tilde expansion on argument string, return the result
+ * after unescaping; if the flag is set, the original string
+ * is freed if changed and assumed backslash-escaped, if not
+ * it is assumed QCHAR-escaped
+ */
+static char *
+x_glob_hlp_tilde_and_rem_qchar(char *s, bool magic_flag)
+{
+       char ch, *cp, *dp;
+
+       /*
+        * On the string, check whether we have a tilde expansion,
+        * and if so, discern "~foo/bar" and "~/baz" from "~blah";
+        * if we have a directory part (the former), try to expand
+        */
+       if (*s == '~' && (cp = strchr(s, '/')) != NULL) {
+               /* ok, so split into "~foo"/"bar" or "~"/"baz" */
+               *cp++ = 0;
+               /* try to expand the tilde */
+               if (!(dp = do_tilde(s + 1))) {
+                       /* nope, revert damage */
+                       *--cp = '/';
+               } else {
+                       /* ok, expand and replace */
+                       cp = shf_smprintf("%s/%s", dp, cp);
+                       if (magic_flag)
+                               afree(s, ATEMP);
+                       s = cp;
+               }
+       }
+
+       /* ... convert it from backslash-escaped via QCHAR-escaped... */
+       if (magic_flag)
+               x_glob_hlp_add_qchar(s);
+       /* ... to unescaped, for comparison with the matches */
+       cp = dp = s;
+
+       while ((ch = *cp++)) {
+               if (ch == QCHAR && !(ch = *cp++))
+                       break;
+               *dp++ = ch;
+       }
+       *dp = '\0';
+
+       return (s);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Do file globbing:
+ *     - does expansion, checks for no match, etc.
+ *     - sets *wordsp to array of matching strings
+ *     - returns number of matching strings
+ */
+static int
+x_file_glob(int *flagsp, char *toglob, char ***wordsp)
+{
+       char **words, *cp;
+       int nwords;
+       XPtrV w;
+       struct source *s, *sold;
+
+       /* remove all escaping backward slashes */
+       x_glob_hlp_add_qchar(toglob);
+
+       /*
+        * Convert "foo*" (toglob) to an array of strings (words)
+        */
+       sold = source;
+       s = pushs(SWSTR, ATEMP);
+       s->start = s->str = toglob;
+       source = s;
+       if (yylex(ONEWORD | LQCHAR) != LWORD) {
+               source = sold;
+               internal_warningf(Tfg_badsubst);
+               return (0);
+       }
+       source = sold;
+       afree(s, ATEMP);
+       XPinit(w, 32);
+       cp = yylval.cp;
+       while (*cp == CHAR || *cp == QCHAR)
+               cp += 2;
+       nwords = DOGLOB | DOTILDE | DOMARKDIRS;
+       if (*cp != EOS) {
+               /* probably a $FOO expansion */
+               *flagsp |= XCF_IS_NOSPACE;
+               /* this always results in at most one match */
+               nwords = 0;
+       }
+       expand(yylval.cp, &w, nwords);
+       XPput(w, NULL);
+       words = (char **)XPclose(w);
+
+       for (nwords = 0; words[nwords]; nwords++)
+               ;
+       if (nwords == 1) {
+               struct stat statb;
+
+               /* Expand any tilde and drop all QCHAR for comparison */
+               toglob = x_glob_hlp_tilde_and_rem_qchar(toglob, false);
+
+               /*
+                * Check if globbing failed (returned glob pattern),
+                * but be careful (e.g. toglob == "ab*" when the file
+                * "ab*" exists is not an error).
+                * Also, check for empty result - happens if we tried
+                * to glob something which evaluated to an empty
+                * string (e.g., "$FOO" when there is no FOO, etc).
+                */
+               if ((strcmp(words[0], toglob) == 0 &&
+                   stat(words[0], &statb) < 0) ||
+                   words[0][0] == '\0') {
+                       x_free_words(nwords, words);
+                       words = NULL;
+                       nwords = 0;
+               }
+       }
+
+       if ((*wordsp = nwords ? words : NULL) == NULL && words != NULL)
+               x_free_words(nwords, words);
+
+       return (nwords);
+}
+
+/* Data structure used in x_command_glob() */
+struct path_order_info {
+       char *word;
+       int base;
+       int path_order;
+};
+
+/* Compare routine used in x_command_glob() */
+static int
+path_order_cmp(const void *aa, const void *bb)
+{
+       const struct path_order_info *a = (const struct path_order_info *)aa;
+       const struct path_order_info *b = (const struct path_order_info *)bb;
+       int t;
+
+       t = strcmp(a->word + a->base, b->word + b->base);
+       return (t ? t : a->path_order - b->path_order);
+}
+
+static int
+x_command_glob(int flags, char *toglob, char ***wordsp)
+{
+       char *pat, *fpath;
+       size_t nwords;
+       XPtrV w;
+       struct block *l;
+
+       /* Convert "foo*" (toglob) to a pattern for future use */
+       pat = evalstr(toglob, DOPAT | DOTILDE);
+
+       XPinit(w, 32);
+
+       glob_table(pat, &w, &keywords);
+       glob_table(pat, &w, &aliases);
+       glob_table(pat, &w, &builtins);
+       for (l = e->loc; l; l = l->next)
+               glob_table(pat, &w, &l->funs);
+
+       glob_path(flags, pat, &w, path);
+       if ((fpath = str_val(global("FPATH"))) != null)
+               glob_path(flags, pat, &w, fpath);
+
+       nwords = XPsize(w);
+
+       if (!nwords) {
+               *wordsp = NULL;
+               XPfree(w);
+               return (0);
+       }
+       /* Sort entries */
+       if (flags & XCF_FULLPATH) {
+               /* Sort by basename, then path order */
+               struct path_order_info *info, *last_info = NULL;
+               char **words = (char **)XPptrv(w);
+               size_t i, path_order = 0;
+
+               info = (struct path_order_info *)
+                   alloc2(nwords, sizeof(struct path_order_info), ATEMP);
+               for (i = 0; i < nwords; i++) {
+                       info[i].word = words[i];
+                       info[i].base = x_basename(words[i], NULL);
+                       if (!last_info || info[i].base != last_info->base ||
+                           strncmp(words[i], last_info->word, info[i].base) != 0) {
+                               last_info = &info[i];
+                               path_order++;
+                       }
+                       info[i].path_order = path_order;
+               }
+               qsort(info, nwords, sizeof(struct path_order_info),
+                   path_order_cmp);
+               for (i = 0; i < nwords; i++)
+                       words[i] = info[i].word;
+               afree(info, ATEMP);
+       } else {
+               /* Sort and remove duplicate entries */
+               char **words = (char **)XPptrv(w);
+               size_t i, j;
+
+               qsort(words, nwords, sizeof(void *), xstrcmp);
+               for (i = j = 0; i < nwords - 1; i++) {
+                       if (strcmp(words[i], words[i + 1]))
+                               words[j++] = words[i];
+                       else
+                               afree(words[i], ATEMP);
+               }
+               words[j++] = words[i];
+               w.len = nwords = j;
+       }
+
+       XPput(w, NULL);
+       *wordsp = (char **)XPclose(w);
+
+       return (nwords);
+}
+
+#define IS_WORDC(c)    (!ctype(c, C_LEX1) && (c) != '\'' && (c) != '"' && \
+                           (c) != '`' && (c) != '=' && (c) != ':')
+
+static int
+x_locate_word(const char *buf, int buflen, int pos, int *startp,
+    bool *is_commandp)
+{
+       int start, end;
+
+       /* Bad call? Probably should report error */
+       if (pos < 0 || pos > buflen) {
+               *startp = pos;
+               *is_commandp = false;
+               return (0);
+       }
+       /* The case where pos == buflen happens to take care of itself... */
+
+       start = pos;
+       /*
+        * Keep going backwards to start of word (has effect of allowing
+        * one blank after the end of a word)
+        */
+       for (; (start > 0 && IS_WORDC(buf[start - 1])) ||
+           (start > 1 && buf[start - 2] == '\\'); start--)
+               ;
+       /* Go forwards to end of word */
+       for (end = start; end < buflen && IS_WORDC(buf[end]); end++) {
+               if (buf[end] == '\\' && (end + 1) < buflen)
+                       end++;
+       }
+
+       if (is_commandp) {
+               bool iscmd;
+               int p = start - 1;
+
+               /* Figure out if this is a command */
+               while (p >= 0 && ksh_isspace(buf[p]))
+                       p--;
+               iscmd = p < 0 || vstrchr(";|&()`", buf[p]);
+               if (iscmd) {
+                       /*
+                        * If command has a /, path, etc. is not searched;
+                        * only current directory is searched which is just
+                        * like file globbing.
+                        */
+                       for (p = start; p < end; p++)
+                               if (buf[p] == '/')
+                                       break;
+                       iscmd = p == end;
+               }
+               *is_commandp = iscmd;
+       }
+       *startp = start;
+
+       return (end - start);
+}
+
+static int
+x_cf_glob(int *flagsp, const char *buf, int buflen, int pos, int *startp,
+    int *endp, char ***wordsp)
+{
+       int len, nwords = 0;
+       char **words = NULL;
+       bool is_command;
+
+       len = x_locate_word(buf, buflen, pos, startp, &is_command);
+       if (!((*flagsp) & XCF_COMMAND))
+               is_command = false;
+       /*
+        * Don't do command globing on zero length strings - it takes too
+        * long and isn't very useful. File globs are more likely to be
+        * useful, so allow these.
+        */
+       if (len == 0 && is_command)
+               return (0);
+
+       if (len >= 0) {
+               char *toglob, *s;
+
+               /*
+                * Given a string, copy it and possibly add a '*' to the end.
+                */
+
+               strndupx(toglob, buf + *startp, len + /* the '*' */ 1, ATEMP);
+               toglob[len] = '\0';
+
+               /*
+                * If the pathname contains a wildcard (an unquoted '*',
+                * '?', or '[') or an extglob, then it is globbed based
+                * on that value (i.e., without the appended '*'). Same
+                * for parameter substitutions (as in “cat $HOME/.ss↹”)
+                * without appending a trailing space (LP: #710539), as
+                * well as for “~foo” (but not “~foo/”).
+                */
+               for (s = toglob; *s; s++) {
+                       if (*s == '\\' && s[1])
+                               s++;
+                       else if (*s == '?' || *s == '*' || *s == '[' ||
+                           *s == '$' ||
+                           /* ?() *() +() @() !() but two already checked */
+                           (s[1] == '(' /*)*/ &&
+                           (*s == '+' || *s == '@' || *s == '!'))) {
+                               /*
+                                * just expand based on the extglob
+                                * or parameter
+                                */
+                               goto dont_add_glob;
+                       }
+               }
+
+               if (*toglob == '~' && !vstrchr(toglob, '/')) {
+                       /* neither for '~foo' (but '~foo/bar') */
+                       *flagsp |= XCF_IS_NOSPACE;
+                       goto dont_add_glob;
+               }
+
+               /* append a glob */
+               toglob[len] = '*';
+               toglob[len + 1] = '\0';
+ dont_add_glob:
+               /*
+                * Expand (glob) it now.
+                */
+
+               nwords = is_command ?
+                   x_command_glob(*flagsp, toglob, &words) :
+                   x_file_glob(flagsp, toglob, &words);
+               afree(toglob, ATEMP);
+       }
+       if (nwords == 0) {
+               *wordsp = NULL;
+               return (0);
+       }
+       if (is_command)
+               *flagsp |= XCF_IS_COMMAND;
+       *wordsp = words;
+       *endp = *startp + len;
+
+       return (nwords);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Find longest common prefix
+ */
+static size_t
+x_longest_prefix(int nwords, char * const * words)
+{
+       int i;
+       size_t j, prefix_len;
+       char *p;
+
+       if (nwords <= 0)
+               return (0);
+
+       prefix_len = strlen(words[0]);
+       for (i = 1; i < nwords; i++)
+               for (j = 0, p = words[i]; j < prefix_len; j++)
+                       if (p[j] != words[0][j]) {
+                               prefix_len = j;
+                               break;
+                       }
+       /* false for nwords==1 as 0 = words[0][prefix_len] then */
+       if (UTFMODE && prefix_len && (words[0][prefix_len] & 0xC0) == 0x80)
+               while (prefix_len && (words[0][prefix_len] & 0xC0) != 0xC0)
+                       --prefix_len;
+       return (prefix_len);
+}
+
+static void
+x_free_words(int nwords, char **words)
+{
+       while (nwords)
+               afree(words[--nwords], ATEMP);
+       afree(words, ATEMP);
+}
+
+/*-
+ * Return the offset of the basename of string s (which ends at se - need not
+ * be null terminated). Trailing slashes are ignored. If s is just a slash,
+ * then the offset is 0 (actually, length - 1).
+ *     s               Return
+ *     /etc            1
+ *     /etc/           1
+ *     /etc//          1
+ *     /etc/fo         5
+ *     foo             0
+ *     ///             2
+ *                     0
+ */
+static int
+x_basename(const char *s, const char *se)
+{
+       const char *p;
+
+       if (se == NULL)
+               se = s + strlen(s);
+       if (s == se)
+               return (0);
+
+       /* Skip trailing slashes */
+       for (p = se - 1; p > s && *p == '/'; p--)
+               ;
+       for (; p > s && *p != '/'; p--)
+               ;
+       if (*p == '/' && p + 1 < se)
+               p++;
+
+       return (p - s);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Apply pattern matching to a table: all table entries that match a pattern
+ * are added to wp.
+ */
+static void
+glob_table(const char *pat, XPtrV *wp, struct table *tp)
+{
+       struct tstate ts;
+       struct tbl *te;
+
+       ktwalk(&ts, tp);
+       while ((te = ktnext(&ts)))
+               if (gmatchx(te->name, pat, false)) {
+                       char *cp;
+
+                       strdupx(cp, te->name, ATEMP);
+                       XPput(*wp, cp);
+               }
+}
+
+static void
+glob_path(int flags, const char *pat, XPtrV *wp, const char *lpath)
+{
+       const char *sp = lpath, *p;
+       char *xp, **words;
+       size_t pathlen, patlen, oldsize, newsize, i, j;
+       XString xs;
+
+       patlen = strlen(pat);
+       checkoktoadd(patlen, 129 + X_EXTRA);
+       ++patlen;
+       Xinit(xs, xp, patlen + 128, ATEMP);
+       while (sp) {
+               xp = Xstring(xs, xp);
+               if (!(p = cstrchr(sp, MKSH_PATHSEPC)))
+                       p = sp + strlen(sp);
+               pathlen = p - sp;
+               if (pathlen) {
+                       /*
+                        * Copy sp into xp, stuffing any MAGIC characters
+                        * on the way
+                        */
+                       const char *s = sp;
+
+                       XcheckN(xs, xp, pathlen * 2);
+                       while (s < p) {
+                               if (ISMAGIC(*s))
+                                       *xp++ = MAGIC;
+                               *xp++ = *s++;
+                       }
+                       *xp++ = '/';
+                       pathlen++;
+               }
+               sp = p;
+               XcheckN(xs, xp, patlen);
+               memcpy(xp, pat, patlen);
+
+               oldsize = XPsize(*wp);
+               /* mark dirs */
+               glob_str(Xstring(xs, xp), wp, true);
+               newsize = XPsize(*wp);
+
+               /* Check that each match is executable... */
+               words = (char **)XPptrv(*wp);
+               for (i = j = oldsize; i < newsize; i++) {
+                       if (ksh_access(words[i], X_OK) == 0) {
+                               words[j] = words[i];
+                               if (!(flags & XCF_FULLPATH))
+                                       memmove(words[j], words[j] + pathlen,
+                                           strlen(words[j] + pathlen) + 1);
+                               j++;
+                       } else
+                               afree(words[i], ATEMP);
+               }
+               wp->len = j;
+
+               if (!*sp++)
+                       break;
+       }
+       Xfree(xs, xp);
+}
+
+/*
+ * if argument string contains any special characters, they will
+ * be escaped and the result will be put into edit buffer by
+ * keybinding-specific function
+ */
+static int
+x_escape(const char *s, size_t len, int (*putbuf_func)(const char *, size_t))
+{
+       size_t add = 0, wlen = len;
+       const char *ifs = str_val(local("IFS", 0));
+       int rval = 0;
+
+       while (wlen - add > 0)
+               if (vstrchr("\"#$&'()*:;<=>?[\\`{|}", s[add]) ||
+                   vstrchr(ifs, s[add])) {
+                       if (putbuf_func(s, add) != 0) {
+                               rval = -1;
+                               break;
+                       }
+                       putbuf_func(s[add] == '\n' ? "'" : "\\", 1);
+                       putbuf_func(&s[add], 1);
+                       if (s[add] == '\n')
+                               putbuf_func("'", 1);
+
+                       add++;
+                       wlen -= add;
+                       s += add;
+                       add = 0;
+               } else
+                       ++add;
+       if (wlen > 0 && rval == 0)
+               rval = putbuf_func(s, wlen);
+
+       return (rval);
+}
+
+
+/* +++ emacs editing mode +++ */
+
+static Area    aedit;
+#define        AEDIT   &aedit          /* area for kill ring and macro defns */
+
+/* values returned by keyboard functions */
+#define        KSTD    0
+#define        KEOL    1               /* ^M, ^J */
+#define        KINTR   2               /* ^G, ^C */
+
+struct x_ftab {
+       int (*xf_func)(int c);
+       const char *xf_name;
+       short xf_flags;
+};
+
+struct x_defbindings {
+       unsigned char xdb_func; /* XFUNC_* */
+       unsigned char xdb_tab;
+       unsigned char xdb_char;
+};
+
+#define XF_ARG         1       /* command takes number prefix */
+#define        XF_NOBIND       2       /* not allowed to bind to function */
+#define        XF_PREFIX       4       /* function sets prefix */
+
+/* Separator for completion */
+#define        is_cfs(c)       ((c) == ' ' || (c) == '\t' || (c) == '"' || (c) == '\'')
+/* Separator for motion */
+#define        is_mfs(c)       (!(ksh_isalnux(c) || (c) == '$' || ((c) & 0x80)))
+
+#define X_NTABS                4                       /* normal, meta1, meta2, pc */
+#define X_TABSZ                256                     /* size of keydef tables etc */
+
+/*-
+ * Arguments for do_complete()
+ * 0 = enumerate       M-=     complete as much as possible and then list
+ * 1 = complete                M-Esc
+ * 2 = list            M-?
+ */
+typedef enum {
+       CT_LIST,        /* list the possible completions */
+       CT_COMPLETE,    /* complete to longest prefix */
+       CT_COMPLIST     /* complete and then list (if non-exact) */
+} Comp_type;
+
+/*
+ * The following are used for my horizontal scrolling stuff
+ */
+static char *xbuf;             /* beg input buffer */
+static char *xend;             /* end input buffer */
+static char *xcp;              /* current position */
+static char *xep;              /* current end */
+static char *xbp;              /* start of visible portion of input buffer */
+static char *xlp;              /* last char visible on screen */
+static bool x_adj_ok;
+/*
+ * we use x_adj_done so that functions can tell
+ * whether x_adjust() has been called while they are active.
+ */
+static int x_adj_done;         /* is incremented by x_adjust() */
+
+static int x_displen;
+static int x_arg;              /* general purpose arg */
+static bool x_arg_defaulted;   /* x_arg not explicitly set; defaulted to 1 */
+
+static bool xlp_valid;         /* lastvis pointer was recalculated */
+
+static char **x_histp;         /* history position */
+static int x_nextcmd;          /* for newline-and-next */
+static char **x_histncp;       /* saved x_histp for " */
+static char *xmp;              /* mark pointer */
+static unsigned char x_last_command;
+static unsigned char (*x_tab)[X_TABSZ];        /* key definition */
+#ifndef MKSH_SMALL
+static char *(*x_atab)[X_TABSZ];       /* macro definitions */
+#endif
+static unsigned char x_bound[(X_TABSZ * X_NTABS + 7) / 8];
+#define KILLSIZE       20
+static char *killstack[KILLSIZE];
+static int killsp, killtp;
+static int x_curprefix;
+#ifndef MKSH_SMALL
+static char *macroptr;         /* bind key macro active? */
+#endif
+#if !MKSH_S_NOVI
+static int winwidth;           /* width of window */
+static char *wbuf[2];          /* window buffers */
+static int wbuf_len;           /* length of window buffers (x_cols - 3) */
+static int win;                        /* window buffer in use */
+static char morec;             /* more character at right of window */
+static int lastref;            /* argument to last refresh() */
+static int holdlen;            /* length of holdbuf */
+#endif
+static int pwidth;             /* width of prompt */
+static int prompt_trunc;       /* how much of prompt to truncate or -1 */
+static int x_col;              /* current column on line */
+
+static int x_ins(const char *);
+static void x_delete(size_t, bool);
+static size_t x_bword(void);
+static size_t x_fword(bool);
+static void x_goto(char *);
+static char *x_bs0(char *, char *) MKSH_A_PURE;
+static void x_bs3(char **);
+static int x_size_str(char *);
+static int x_size2(char *, char **);
+static void x_zots(char *);
+static void x_zotc3(char **);
+static void x_load_hist(char **);
+static int x_search(char *, int, int);
+#ifndef MKSH_SMALL
+static int x_search_dir(int);
+#endif
+static int x_match(char *, char *);
+static void x_redraw(int);
+static void x_push(int);
+static char *x_mapin(const char *, Area *);
+static char *x_mapout(int);
+static void x_mapout2(int, char **);
+static void x_print(int, int);
+static void x_adjust(void);
+static void x_e_ungetc(int);
+static int x_e_getc(void);
+static void x_e_putc2(int);
+static void x_e_putc3(const char **);
+static void x_e_puts(const char *);
+#ifndef MKSH_SMALL
+static int x_fold_case(int);
+#endif
+static char *x_lastcp(void);
+static void do_complete(int, Comp_type);
+static size_t x_nb2nc(size_t) MKSH_A_PURE;
+
+static int unget_char = -1;
+
+static int x_do_ins(const char *, size_t);
+static void bind_if_not_bound(int, int, int);
+
+enum emacs_funcs {
+#define EMACSFN_ENUMS
+#include "emacsfn.h"
+       XFUNC_MAX
+};
+
+#define EMACSFN_DEFNS
+#include "emacsfn.h"
+
+static const struct x_ftab x_ftab[] = {
+#define EMACSFN_ITEMS
+#include "emacsfn.h"
+};
+
+static struct x_defbindings const x_defbindings[] = {
+       { XFUNC_del_back,               0, CTRL('?')    },
+       { XFUNC_del_bword,              1, CTRL('?')    },
+       { XFUNC_eot_del,                0, CTRL('D')    },
+       { XFUNC_del_back,               0, CTRL('H')    },
+       { XFUNC_del_bword,              1, CTRL('H')    },
+       { XFUNC_del_bword,              1,      'h'     },
+       { XFUNC_mv_bword,               1,      'b'     },
+       { XFUNC_mv_fword,               1,      'f'     },
+       { XFUNC_del_fword,              1,      'd'     },
+       { XFUNC_mv_back,                0, CTRL('B')    },
+       { XFUNC_mv_forw,                0, CTRL('F')    },
+       { XFUNC_search_char_forw,       0, CTRL(']')    },
+       { XFUNC_search_char_back,       1, CTRL(']')    },
+       { XFUNC_newline,                0, CTRL('M')    },
+       { XFUNC_newline,                0, CTRL('J')    },
+       { XFUNC_end_of_text,            0, CTRL('_')    },
+       { XFUNC_abort,                  0, CTRL('G')    },
+       { XFUNC_prev_com,               0, CTRL('P')    },
+       { XFUNC_next_com,               0, CTRL('N')    },
+       { XFUNC_nl_next_com,            0, CTRL('O')    },
+       { XFUNC_search_hist,            0, CTRL('R')    },
+       { XFUNC_beg_hist,               1,      '<'     },
+       { XFUNC_end_hist,               1,      '>'     },
+       { XFUNC_goto_hist,              1,      'g'     },
+       { XFUNC_mv_end,                 0, CTRL('E')    },
+       { XFUNC_mv_begin,               0, CTRL('A')    },
+       { XFUNC_draw_line,              0, CTRL('L')    },
+       { XFUNC_cls,                    1, CTRL('L')    },
+       { XFUNC_meta1,                  0, CTRL('[')    },
+       { XFUNC_meta2,                  0, CTRL('X')    },
+       { XFUNC_kill,                   0, CTRL('K')    },
+       { XFUNC_yank,                   0, CTRL('Y')    },
+       { XFUNC_meta_yank,              1,      'y'     },
+       { XFUNC_literal,                0, CTRL('^')    },
+       { XFUNC_comment,                1,      '#'     },
+       { XFUNC_transpose,              0, CTRL('T')    },
+       { XFUNC_complete,               1, CTRL('[')    },
+       { XFUNC_comp_list,              0, CTRL('I')    },
+       { XFUNC_comp_list,              1,      '='     },
+       { XFUNC_enumerate,              1,      '?'     },
+       { XFUNC_expand,                 1,      '*'     },
+       { XFUNC_comp_file,              1, CTRL('X')    },
+       { XFUNC_comp_comm,              2, CTRL('[')    },
+       { XFUNC_list_comm,              2,      '?'     },
+       { XFUNC_list_file,              2, CTRL('Y')    },
+       { XFUNC_set_mark,               1,      ' '     },
+       { XFUNC_kill_region,            0, CTRL('W')    },
+       { XFUNC_xchg_point_mark,        2, CTRL('X')    },
+       { XFUNC_literal,                0, CTRL('V')    },
+       { XFUNC_version,                1, CTRL('V')    },
+       { XFUNC_prev_histword,          1,      '.'     },
+       { XFUNC_prev_histword,          1,      '_'     },
+       { XFUNC_set_arg,                1,      '0'     },
+       { XFUNC_set_arg,                1,      '1'     },
+       { XFUNC_set_arg,                1,      '2'     },
+       { XFUNC_set_arg,                1,      '3'     },
+       { XFUNC_set_arg,                1,      '4'     },
+       { XFUNC_set_arg,                1,      '5'     },
+       { XFUNC_set_arg,                1,      '6'     },
+       { XFUNC_set_arg,                1,      '7'     },
+       { XFUNC_set_arg,                1,      '8'     },
+       { XFUNC_set_arg,                1,      '9'     },
+#ifndef MKSH_SMALL
+       { XFUNC_fold_upper,             1,      'U'     },
+       { XFUNC_fold_upper,             1,      'u'     },
+       { XFUNC_fold_lower,             1,      'L'     },
+       { XFUNC_fold_lower,             1,      'l'     },
+       { XFUNC_fold_capitalise,        1,      'C'     },
+       { XFUNC_fold_capitalise,        1,      'c'     },
+#endif
+       /*
+        * These for ANSI arrow keys: arguablely shouldn't be here by
+        * default, but its simpler/faster/smaller than using termcap
+        * entries.
+        */
+       { XFUNC_meta2,                  1,      '['     },
+       { XFUNC_meta2,                  1,      'O'     },
+       { XFUNC_prev_com,               2,      'A'     },
+       { XFUNC_next_com,               2,      'B'     },
+       { XFUNC_mv_forw,                2,      'C'     },
+       { XFUNC_mv_back,                2,      'D'     },
+#ifndef MKSH_SMALL
+       { XFUNC_vt_hack,                2,      '1'     },
+       { XFUNC_mv_begin | 0x80,        2,      '7'     },
+       { XFUNC_mv_begin,               2,      'H'     },
+       { XFUNC_mv_end | 0x80,          2,      '4'     },
+       { XFUNC_mv_end | 0x80,          2,      '8'     },
+       { XFUNC_mv_end,                 2,      'F'     },
+       { XFUNC_del_char | 0x80,        2,      '3'     },
+       { XFUNC_del_char,               2,      'P'     },
+       { XFUNC_search_hist_up | 0x80,  2,      '5'     },
+       { XFUNC_search_hist_dn | 0x80,  2,      '6'     },
+#endif
+       /* PC scancodes */
+#if !defined(MKSH_SMALL) || defined(__OS2__)
+       { XFUNC_meta3,                  0,      0       },
+       { XFUNC_mv_begin,               3,      71      },
+       { XFUNC_prev_com,               3,      72      },
+#ifndef MKSH_SMALL
+       { XFUNC_search_hist_up,         3,      73      },
+#endif
+       { XFUNC_mv_back,                3,      75      },
+       { XFUNC_mv_forw,                3,      77      },
+       { XFUNC_mv_end,                 3,      79      },
+       { XFUNC_next_com,               3,      80      },
+#ifndef MKSH_SMALL
+       { XFUNC_search_hist_dn,         3,      81      },
+#endif
+       { XFUNC_del_char,               3,      83      },
+#endif
+#ifndef MKSH_SMALL
+       /* more non-standard ones */
+       { XFUNC_edit_line,              2,      'e'     }
+#endif
+};
+
+static size_t
+x_nb2nc(size_t nb)
+{
+       char *cp;
+       size_t nc = 0;
+
+       for (cp = xcp; cp < (xcp + nb); ++nc)
+               cp += utf_ptradj(cp);
+       return (nc);
+}
+
+static void
+x_modified(void)
+{
+       if (!modified) {
+               x_histp = histptr + 1;
+               modified = 1;
+       }
+}
+
+#ifdef MKSH_SMALL
+#define XFUNC_VALUE(f) (f)
+#else
+#define XFUNC_VALUE(f) (f & 0x7F)
+#endif
+
+static int
+x_e_getmbc(char *sbuf)
+{
+       int c, pos = 0;
+       unsigned char *buf = (unsigned char *)sbuf;
+
+       memset(buf, 0, 4);
+       buf[pos++] = c = x_e_getc();
+       if (c == -1)
+               return (-1);
+       if (UTFMODE) {
+               if ((buf[0] >= 0xC2) && (buf[0] < 0xF0)) {
+                       c = x_e_getc();
+                       if (c == -1)
+                               return (-1);
+                       if ((c & 0xC0) != 0x80) {
+                               x_e_ungetc(c);
+                               return (1);
+                       }
+                       buf[pos++] = c;
+               }
+               if ((buf[0] >= 0xE0) && (buf[0] < 0xF0)) {
+                       /* XXX x_e_ungetc is one-octet only */
+                       buf[pos++] = c = x_e_getc();
+                       if (c == -1)
+                               return (-1);
+               }
+       }
+       return (pos);
+}
+
+static void
+x_init_prompt(bool doprint)
+{
+       prompt_trunc = pprompt(prompt, doprint ? 0 : -1);
+       pwidth = prompt_trunc % x_cols;
+       prompt_trunc -= pwidth;
+       if ((mksh_uari_t)pwidth > ((mksh_uari_t)x_cols - 3 - MIN_EDIT_SPACE)) {
+               /* force newline after prompt */
+               prompt_trunc = -1;
+               pwidth = 0;
+               if (doprint)
+                       x_e_putc2('\n');
+       }
+}
+
+static int
+x_emacs(char *buf)
+{
+       int c, i;
+       unsigned char f;
+
+       xbp = xbuf = buf;
+       xend = buf + LINE;
+       xlp = xcp = xep = buf;
+       *xcp = 0;
+       xlp_valid = true;
+       xmp = NULL;
+       x_curprefix = 0;
+       x_histp = histptr + 1;
+       x_last_command = XFUNC_error;
+
+       x_init_prompt(true);
+       x_displen = (xx_cols = x_cols) - 2 - (x_col = pwidth);
+       x_adj_done = 0;
+       x_adj_ok = true;
+
+       x_histncp = NULL;
+       if (x_nextcmd >= 0) {
+               int off = source->line - x_nextcmd;
+               if (histptr - history >= off) {
+                       x_load_hist(histptr - off);
+                       x_histncp = x_histp;
+               }
+               x_nextcmd = -1;
+       }
+       editmode = 1;
+       while (/* CONSTCOND */ 1) {
+               x_flush();
+               if ((c = x_e_getc()) < 0)
+                       return (0);
+
+               f = x_curprefix == -1 ? XFUNC_insert :
+                   x_tab[x_curprefix][c];
+#ifndef MKSH_SMALL
+               if (f & 0x80) {
+                       f &= 0x7F;
+                       if ((i = x_e_getc()) != '~')
+                               x_e_ungetc(i);
+               }
+
+               /* avoid bind key macro recursion */
+               if (macroptr && f == XFUNC_ins_string)
+                       f = XFUNC_insert;
+#endif
+
+               if (!(x_ftab[f].xf_flags & XF_PREFIX) &&
+                   x_last_command != XFUNC_set_arg) {
+                       x_arg = 1;
+                       x_arg_defaulted = true;
+               }
+               i = c | (x_curprefix << 8);
+               x_curprefix = 0;
+               switch ((*x_ftab[f].xf_func)(i)) {
+               case KSTD:
+                       if (!(x_ftab[f].xf_flags & XF_PREFIX))
+                               x_last_command = f;
+                       break;
+               case KEOL:
+                       i = xep - xbuf;
+                       return (i);
+               case KINTR:
+                       /* special case for interrupt */
+                       trapsig(SIGINT);
+                       x_mode(false);
+                       unwind(LSHELL);
+               }
+               /* ad-hoc hack for fixing the cursor position */
+               x_goto(xcp);
+       }
+}
+
+static int
+x_insert(int c)
+{
+       static int left, pos, save_arg;
+       static char str[4];
+
+       /*
+        * Should allow tab and control chars.
+        */
+       if (c == 0) {
+ invmbs:
+               left = 0;
+               x_e_putc2(7);
+               return (KSTD);
+       }
+       if (UTFMODE) {
+               if (((c & 0xC0) == 0x80) && left) {
+                       str[pos++] = c;
+                       if (!--left) {
+                               str[pos] = '\0';
+                               x_arg = save_arg;
+                               while (x_arg--)
+                                       x_ins(str);
+                       }
+                       return (KSTD);
+               }
+               if (left) {
+                       if (x_curprefix == -1) {
+                               /* flush invalid multibyte */
+                               str[pos] = '\0';
+                               while (save_arg--)
+                                       x_ins(str);
+                       }
+               }
+               if ((c >= 0xC2) && (c < 0xE0))
+                       left = 1;
+               else if ((c >= 0xE0) && (c < 0xF0))
+                       left = 2;
+               else if (c > 0x7F)
+                       goto invmbs;
+               else
+                       left = 0;
+               if (left) {
+                       save_arg = x_arg;
+                       pos = 1;
+                       str[0] = c;
+                       return (KSTD);
+               }
+       }
+       left = 0;
+       str[0] = c;
+       str[1] = '\0';
+       while (x_arg--)
+               x_ins(str);
+       return (KSTD);
+}
+
+#ifndef MKSH_SMALL
+static int
+x_ins_string(int c)
+{
+       macroptr = x_atab[c >> 8][c & 255];
+       /*
+        * we no longer need to bother checking if macroptr is
+        * not NULL but first char is NUL; x_e_getc() does it
+        */
+       return (KSTD);
+}
+#endif
+
+static int
+x_do_ins(const char *cp, size_t len)
+{
+       if (xep + len >= xend) {
+               x_e_putc2(7);
+               return (-1);
+       }
+       memmove(xcp + len, xcp, xep - xcp + 1);
+       memmove(xcp, cp, len);
+       xcp += len;
+       xep += len;
+       x_modified();
+       return (0);
+}
+
+static int
+x_ins(const char *s)
+{
+       char *cp = xcp;
+       int adj = x_adj_done;
+
+       if (x_do_ins(s, strlen(s)) < 0)
+               return (-1);
+       /*
+        * x_zots() may result in a call to x_adjust()
+        * we want xcp to reflect the new position.
+        */
+       xlp_valid = false;
+       x_lastcp();
+       x_adj_ok = tobool(xcp >= xlp);
+       x_zots(cp);
+       /* has x_adjust() been called? */
+       if (adj == x_adj_done) {
+               /* no */
+               cp = xlp;
+               while (cp > xcp)
+                       x_bs3(&cp);
+       }
+       if (xlp == xep - 1)
+               x_redraw(xx_cols);
+       x_adj_ok = true;
+       return (0);
+}
+
+static int
+x_del_back(int c MKSH_A_UNUSED)
+{
+       ssize_t i = 0;
+
+       if (xcp == xbuf) {
+               x_e_putc2(7);
+               return (KSTD);
+       }
+       do {
+               x_goto(xcp - 1);
+       } while ((++i < x_arg) && (xcp != xbuf));
+       x_delete(i, false);
+       return (KSTD);
+}
+
+static int
+x_del_char(int c MKSH_A_UNUSED)
+{
+       char *cp, *cp2;
+       size_t i = 0;
+
+       cp = xcp;
+       while (i < (size_t)x_arg) {
+               utf_ptradjx(cp, cp2);
+               if (cp2 > xep)
+                       break;
+               cp = cp2;
+               i++;
+       }
+
+       if (!i) {
+               x_e_putc2(7);
+               return (KSTD);
+       }
+       x_delete(i, false);
+       return (KSTD);
+}
+
+/* Delete nc chars to the right of the cursor (including cursor position) */
+static void
+x_delete(size_t nc, bool push)
+{
+       size_t i, nb, nw;
+       char *cp;
+
+       if (nc == 0)
+               return;
+
+       nw = 0;
+       cp = xcp;
+       for (i = 0; i < nc; ++i) {
+               char *cp2;
+               int j;
+
+               j = x_size2(cp, &cp2);
+               if (cp2 > xep)
+                       break;
+               cp = cp2;
+               nw += j;
+       }
+       nb = cp - xcp;
+       /* nc = i; */
+
+       if (xmp != NULL && xmp > xcp) {
+               if (xcp + nb > xmp)
+                       xmp = xcp;
+               else
+                       xmp -= nb;
+       }
+       /*
+        * This lets us yank a word we have deleted.
+        */
+       if (push)
+               x_push(nb);
+
+       xep -= nb;
+       /* Copies the NUL */
+       memmove(xcp, xcp + nb, xep - xcp + 1);
+       /* don't redraw */
+       x_adj_ok = false;
+       xlp_valid = false;
+       x_zots(xcp);
+       /*
+        * if we are already filling the line,
+        * there is no need to ' ', '\b'.
+        * But if we must, make sure we do the minimum.
+        */
+       if ((i = xx_cols - 2 - x_col) > 0 || xep - xlp == 0) {
+               nw = i = (nw < i) ? nw : i;
+               while (i--)
+                       x_e_putc2(' ');
+               if (x_col == xx_cols - 2) {
+                       x_e_putc2((xep > xlp) ? '>' : (xbp > xbuf) ? '<' : ' ');
+                       ++nw;
+               }
+               while (nw--)
+                       x_e_putc2('\b');
+       }
+       /*x_goto(xcp);*/
+       x_adj_ok = true;
+       xlp_valid = false;
+       cp = x_lastcp();
+       while (cp > xcp)
+               x_bs3(&cp);
+
+       x_modified();
+       return;
+}
+
+static int
+x_del_bword(int c MKSH_A_UNUSED)
+{
+       x_delete(x_bword(), true);
+       return (KSTD);
+}
+
+static int
+x_mv_bword(int c MKSH_A_UNUSED)
+{
+       x_bword();
+       return (KSTD);
+}
+
+static int
+x_mv_fword(int c MKSH_A_UNUSED)
+{
+       x_fword(true);
+       return (KSTD);
+}
+
+static int
+x_del_fword(int c MKSH_A_UNUSED)
+{
+       x_delete(x_fword(false), true);
+       return (KSTD);
+}
+
+static size_t
+x_bword(void)
+{
+       size_t nb = 0;
+       char *cp = xcp;
+
+       if (cp == xbuf) {
+               x_e_putc2(7);
+               return (0);
+       }
+       while (x_arg--) {
+               while (cp != xbuf && is_mfs(cp[-1])) {
+                       cp--;
+                       nb++;
+               }
+               while (cp != xbuf && !is_mfs(cp[-1])) {
+                       cp--;
+                       nb++;
+               }
+       }
+       x_goto(cp);
+       return (x_nb2nc(nb));
+}
+
+static size_t
+x_fword(bool move)
+{
+       size_t nc;
+       char *cp = xcp;
+
+       if (cp == xep) {
+               x_e_putc2(7);
+               return (0);
+       }
+       while (x_arg--) {
+               while (cp != xep && is_mfs(*cp))
+                       cp++;
+               while (cp != xep && !is_mfs(*cp))
+                       cp++;
+       }
+       nc = x_nb2nc(cp - xcp);
+       if (move)
+               x_goto(cp);
+       return (nc);
+}
+
+static void
+x_goto(char *cp)
+{
+       cp = cp >= xep ? xep : x_bs0(cp, xbuf);
+       if (cp < xbp || cp >= utf_skipcols(xbp, x_displen)) {
+               /* we are heading off screen */
+               xcp = cp;
+               x_adjust();
+       } else if (cp < xcp) {
+               /* move back */
+               while (cp < xcp)
+                       x_bs3(&xcp);
+       } else if (cp > xcp) {
+               /* move forward */
+               while (cp > xcp)
+                       x_zotc3(&xcp);
+       }
+}
+
+static char *
+x_bs0(char *cp, char *lower_bound)
+{
+       if (UTFMODE)
+               while ((!lower_bound || (cp > lower_bound)) &&
+                   ((*(unsigned char *)cp & 0xC0) == 0x80))
+                       --cp;
+       return (cp);
+}
+
+static void
+x_bs3(char **p)
+{
+       int i;
+
+       *p = x_bs0((*p) - 1, NULL);
+       i = x_size2(*p, NULL);
+       while (i--)
+               x_e_putc2('\b');
+}
+
+static int
+x_size_str(char *cp)
+{
+       int size = 0;
+       while (*cp)
+               size += x_size2(cp, &cp);
+       return (size);
+}
+
+static int
+x_size2(char *cp, char **dcp)
+{
+       uint8_t c = *(unsigned char *)cp;
+
+       if (UTFMODE && (c > 0x7F))
+               return (utf_widthadj(cp, (const char **)dcp));
+       if (dcp)
+               *dcp = cp + 1;
+       if (c == '\t')
+               /* Kludge, tabs are always four spaces. */
+               return (4);
+       if (ISCTRL(c) && /* but not C1 */ c < 0x80)
+               /* control unsigned char */
+               return (2);
+       return (1);
+}
+
+static void
+x_zots(char *str)
+{
+       int adj = x_adj_done;
+
+       x_lastcp();
+       while (*str && str < xlp && x_col < xx_cols && adj == x_adj_done)
+               x_zotc3(&str);
+}
+
+static void
+x_zotc3(char **cp)
+{
+       unsigned char c = **(unsigned char **)cp;
+
+       if (c == '\t') {
+               /* Kludge, tabs are always four spaces. */
+               x_e_puts("    ");
+               (*cp)++;
+       } else if (ISCTRL(c) && /* but not C1 */ c < 0x80) {
+               x_e_putc2('^');
+               x_e_putc2(UNCTRL(c));
+               (*cp)++;
+       } else
+               x_e_putc3((const char **)cp);
+}
+
+static int
+x_mv_back(int c MKSH_A_UNUSED)
+{
+       if (xcp == xbuf) {
+               x_e_putc2(7);
+               return (KSTD);
+       }
+       while (x_arg--) {
+               x_goto(xcp - 1);
+               if (xcp == xbuf)
+                       break;
+       }
+       return (KSTD);
+}
+
+static int
+x_mv_forw(int c MKSH_A_UNUSED)
+{
+       char *cp = xcp, *cp2;
+
+       if (xcp == xep) {
+               x_e_putc2(7);
+               return (KSTD);
+       }
+       while (x_arg--) {
+               utf_ptradjx(cp, cp2);
+               if (cp2 > xep)
+                       break;
+               cp = cp2;
+       }
+       x_goto(cp);
+       return (KSTD);
+}
+
+static int
+x_search_char_forw(int c MKSH_A_UNUSED)
+{
+       char *cp = xcp;
+       char tmp[4];
+
+       *xep = '\0';
+       if (x_e_getmbc(tmp) < 0) {
+               x_e_putc2(7);
+               return (KSTD);
+       }
+       while (x_arg--) {
+               if ((cp = (cp == xep) ? NULL : strstr(cp + 1, tmp)) == NULL &&
+                   (cp = strstr(xbuf, tmp)) == NULL) {
+                       x_e_putc2(7);
+                       return (KSTD);
+               }
+       }
+       x_goto(cp);
+       return (KSTD);
+}
+
+static int
+x_search_char_back(int c MKSH_A_UNUSED)
+{
+       char *cp = xcp, *p, tmp[4];
+       bool b;
+
+       if (x_e_getmbc(tmp) < 0) {
+               x_e_putc2(7);
+               return (KSTD);
+       }
+       for (; x_arg--; cp = p)
+               for (p = cp; ; ) {
+                       if (p-- == xbuf)
+                               p = xep;
+                       if (p == cp) {
+                               x_e_putc2(7);
+                               return (KSTD);
+                       }
+                       if ((tmp[1] && ((p+1) > xep)) ||
+                           (tmp[2] && ((p+2) > xep)))
+                               continue;
+                       b = true;
+                       if (*p != tmp[0])
+                               b = false;
+                       if (b && tmp[1] && p[1] != tmp[1])
+                               b = false;
+                       if (b && tmp[2] && p[2] != tmp[2])
+                               b = false;
+                       if (b)
+                               break;
+               }
+       x_goto(cp);
+       return (KSTD);
+}
+
+static int
+x_newline(int c MKSH_A_UNUSED)
+{
+       x_e_putc2('\r');
+       x_e_putc2('\n');
+       x_flush();
+       *xep++ = '\n';
+       return (KEOL);
+}
+
+static int
+x_end_of_text(int c MKSH_A_UNUSED)
+{
+       char tmp = edchars.eof;
+       char *cp = &tmp;
+
+       x_zotc3(&cp);
+       x_putc('\r');
+       x_putc('\n');
+       x_flush();
+       return (KEOL);
+}
+
+static int
+x_beg_hist(int c MKSH_A_UNUSED)
+{
+       x_load_hist(history);
+       return (KSTD);
+}
+
+static int
+x_end_hist(int c MKSH_A_UNUSED)
+{
+       x_load_hist(histptr);
+       return (KSTD);
+}
+
+static int
+x_prev_com(int c MKSH_A_UNUSED)
+{
+       x_load_hist(x_histp - x_arg);
+       return (KSTD);
+}
+
+static int
+x_next_com(int c MKSH_A_UNUSED)
+{
+       x_load_hist(x_histp + x_arg);
+       return (KSTD);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Goto a particular history number obtained from argument.
+ * If no argument is given history 1 is probably not what you
+ * want so we'll simply go to the oldest one.
+ */
+static int
+x_goto_hist(int c MKSH_A_UNUSED)
+{
+       if (x_arg_defaulted)
+               x_load_hist(history);
+       else
+               x_load_hist(histptr + x_arg - source->line);
+       return (KSTD);
+}
+
+static void
+x_load_hist(char **hp)
+{
+       int oldsize;
+       char *sp = NULL;
+
+       if (hp == histptr + 1) {
+               sp = holdbufp;
+               modified = 0;
+       } else if (hp < history || hp > histptr) {
+               x_e_putc2(7);
+               return;
+       }
+       if (sp == NULL)
+               sp = *hp;
+       x_histp = hp;
+       oldsize = x_size_str(xbuf);
+       if (modified)
+               strlcpy(holdbufp, xbuf, LINE);
+       strlcpy(xbuf, sp, xend - xbuf);
+       xbp = xbuf;
+       xep = xcp = xbuf + strlen(xbuf);
+       xlp_valid = false;
+       if (xep <= x_lastcp()) {
+               x_redraw(oldsize);
+       }
+       x_goto(xep);
+       modified = 0;
+}
+
+static int
+x_nl_next_com(int c MKSH_A_UNUSED)
+{
+       if (!x_histncp || (x_histp != x_histncp && x_histp != histptr + 1))
+               /* fresh start of ^O */
+               x_histncp = x_histp;
+       x_nextcmd = source->line - (histptr - x_histncp) + 1;
+       return (x_newline('\n'));
+}
+
+static int
+x_eot_del(int c)
+{
+       if (xep == xbuf && x_arg_defaulted)
+               return (x_end_of_text(c));
+       else
+               return (x_del_char(c));
+}
+
+/* reverse incremental history search */
+static int
+x_search_hist(int c)
+{
+       int offset = -1;        /* offset of match in xbuf, else -1 */
+       char pat[80 + 1];       /* pattern buffer */
+       char *p = pat;
+       unsigned char f;
+
+       *p = '\0';
+       while (/* CONSTCOND */ 1) {
+               if (offset < 0) {
+                       x_e_puts("\nI-search: ");
+                       x_e_puts(pat);
+               }
+               x_flush();
+               if ((c = x_e_getc()) < 0)
+                       return (KSTD);
+               f = x_tab[0][c];
+               if (c == CTRL('[')) {
+                       if ((f & 0x7F) == XFUNC_meta1) {
+                               if ((c = x_e_getc()) < 0)
+                                       return (KSTD);
+                               f = x_tab[1][c] & 0x7F;
+                               if (f == XFUNC_meta1 || f == XFUNC_meta2)
+                                       x_meta1(CTRL('['));
+                               x_e_ungetc(c);
+                       }
+                       break;
+               }
+#ifndef MKSH_SMALL
+               if (f & 0x80) {
+                       f &= 0x7F;
+                       if ((c = x_e_getc()) != '~')
+                               x_e_ungetc(c);
+               }
+#endif
+               if (f == XFUNC_search_hist)
+                       offset = x_search(pat, 0, offset);
+               else if (f == XFUNC_del_back) {
+                       if (p == pat) {
+                               offset = -1;
+                               break;
+                       }
+                       if (p > pat)
+                               *--p = '\0';
+                       if (p == pat)
+                               offset = -1;
+                       else
+                               offset = x_search(pat, 1, offset);
+                       continue;
+               } else if (f == XFUNC_insert) {
+                       /* add char to pattern */
+                       /* overflow check... */
+                       if ((size_t)(p - pat) >= sizeof(pat) - 1) {
+                               x_e_putc2(7);
+                               continue;
+                       }
+                       *p++ = c, *p = '\0';
+                       if (offset >= 0) {
+                               /* already have partial match */
+                               offset = x_match(xbuf, pat);
+                               if (offset >= 0) {
+                                       x_goto(xbuf + offset + (p - pat) -
+                                           (*pat == '^'));
+                                       continue;
+                               }
+                       }
+                       offset = x_search(pat, 0, offset);
+               } else if (f == XFUNC_abort) {
+                       if (offset >= 0)
+                               x_load_hist(histptr + 1);
+                       break;
+               } else {
+                       /* other command */
+                       x_e_ungetc(c);
+                       break;
+               }
+       }
+       if (offset < 0)
+               x_redraw(-1);
+       return (KSTD);
+}
+
+/* search backward from current line */
+static int
+x_search(char *pat, int sameline, int offset)
+{
+       char **hp;
+       int i;
+
+       for (hp = x_histp - (sameline ? 0 : 1); hp >= history; --hp) {
+               i = x_match(*hp, pat);
+               if (i >= 0) {
+                       if (offset < 0)
+                               x_e_putc2('\n');
+                       x_load_hist(hp);
+                       x_goto(xbuf + i + strlen(pat) - (*pat == '^'));
+                       return (i);
+               }
+       }
+       x_e_putc2(7);
+       x_histp = histptr;
+       return (-1);
+}
+
+#ifndef MKSH_SMALL
+/* anchored search up from current line */
+static int
+x_search_hist_up(int c MKSH_A_UNUSED)
+{
+       return (x_search_dir(-1));
+}
+
+/* anchored search down from current line */
+static int
+x_search_hist_dn(int c MKSH_A_UNUSED)
+{
+       return (x_search_dir(1));
+}
+
+/* anchored search in the indicated direction */
+static int
+x_search_dir(int search_dir /* should've been bool */)
+{
+       char **hp = x_histp + search_dir;
+       size_t curs = xcp - xbuf;
+
+       while (histptr >= hp && hp >= history) {
+               if (strncmp(xbuf, *hp, curs) == 0) {
+                       x_load_hist(hp);
+                       x_goto(xbuf + curs);
+                       break;
+               }
+               hp += search_dir;
+       }
+       return (KSTD);
+}
+#endif
+
+/* return position of first match of pattern in string, else -1 */
+static int
+x_match(char *str, char *pat)
+{
+       if (*pat == '^') {
+               return ((strncmp(str, pat + 1, strlen(pat + 1)) == 0) ? 0 : -1);
+       } else {
+               char *q = strstr(str, pat);
+               return ((q == NULL) ? -1 : q - str);
+       }
+}
+
+static int
+x_del_line(int c MKSH_A_UNUSED)
+{
+       int i, j;
+
+       *xep = 0;
+       i = xep - xbuf;
+       j = x_size_str(xbuf);
+       xcp = xbuf;
+       x_push(i);
+       xlp = xbp = xep = xbuf;
+       xlp_valid = true;
+       *xcp = 0;
+       xmp = NULL;
+       x_redraw(j);
+       x_modified();
+       return (KSTD);
+}
+
+static int
+x_mv_end(int c MKSH_A_UNUSED)
+{
+       x_goto(xep);
+       return (KSTD);
+}
+
+static int
+x_mv_begin(int c MKSH_A_UNUSED)
+{
+       x_goto(xbuf);
+       return (KSTD);
+}
+
+static int
+x_draw_line(int c MKSH_A_UNUSED)
+{
+       x_redraw(-1);
+       return (KSTD);
+}
+
+static int
+x_e_rebuildline(const char *clrstr)
+{
+       shf_puts(clrstr, shl_out);
+       x_adjust();
+       return (KSTD);
+}
+
+static int
+x_cls(int c MKSH_A_UNUSED)
+{
+       return (x_e_rebuildline(MKSH_CLS_STRING));
+}
+
+/*
+ * Redraw (part of) the line. If limit is < 0, the everything is redrawn
+ * on a NEW line, otherwise limit is the screen column up to which needs
+ * redrawing.
+ */
+static void
+x_redraw(int limit)
+{
+       int i, j;
+       char *cp;
+
+       x_adj_ok = false;
+       if (limit == -1)
+               x_e_putc2('\n');
+       else
+               x_e_putc2('\r');
+       x_flush();
+       if (xbp == xbuf) {
+               if (prompt_trunc != -1)
+                       pprompt(prompt, prompt_trunc);
+               x_col = pwidth;
+       }
+       x_displen = xx_cols - 2 - x_col;
+       xlp_valid = false;
+       x_zots(xbp);
+       if (xbp != xbuf || xep > xlp)
+               limit = xx_cols;
+       if (limit >= 0) {
+               if (xep > xlp)
+                       /* we fill the line */
+                       i = 0;
+               else {
+                       char *cpl = xbp;
+
+                       i = limit;
+                       while (cpl < xlp)
+                               i -= x_size2(cpl, &cpl);
+               }
+
+               j = 0;
+               while ((j < i) || (x_col < (xx_cols - 2))) {
+                       if (!(x_col < (xx_cols - 2)))
+                               break;
+                       x_e_putc2(' ');
+                       j++;
+               }
+               i = ' ';
+               if (xep > xlp) {
+                       /* more off screen */
+                       if (xbp > xbuf)
+                               i = '*';
+                       else
+                               i = '>';
+               } else if (xbp > xbuf)
+                       i = '<';
+               x_e_putc2(i);
+               j++;
+               while (j--)
+                       x_e_putc2('\b');
+       }
+       cp = xlp;
+       while (cp > xcp)
+               x_bs3(&cp);
+       x_adj_ok = true;
+       return;
+}
+
+static int
+x_transpose(int c MKSH_A_UNUSED)
+{
+       unsigned int tmpa, tmpb;
+
+       /*-
+        * What transpose is meant to do seems to be up for debate. This
+        * is a general summary of the options; the text is abcd with the
+        * upper case character or underscore indicating the cursor position:
+        *      Who                     Before  After   Before  After
+        *      AT&T ksh in emacs mode: abCd    abdC    abcd_   (bell)
+        *      AT&T ksh in gmacs mode: abCd    baCd    abcd_   abdc_
+        *      gnu emacs:              abCd    acbD    abcd_   abdc_
+        * Pdksh currently goes with GNU behavior since I believe this is the
+        * most common version of emacs, unless in gmacs mode, in which case
+        * it does the AT&T ksh gmacs mode.
+        * This should really be broken up into 3 functions so users can bind
+        * to the one they want.
+        */
+       if (xcp == xbuf) {
+               x_e_putc2(7);
+               return (KSTD);
+       } else if (xcp == xep || Flag(FGMACS)) {
+               if (xcp - xbuf == 1) {
+                       x_e_putc2(7);
+                       return (KSTD);
+               }
+               /*
+                * Gosling/Unipress emacs style: Swap two characters before
+                * the cursor, do not change cursor position
+                */
+               x_bs3(&xcp);
+               if (utf_mbtowc(&tmpa, xcp) == (size_t)-1) {
+                       x_e_putc2(7);
+                       return (KSTD);
+               }
+               x_bs3(&xcp);
+               if (utf_mbtowc(&tmpb, xcp) == (size_t)-1) {
+                       x_e_putc2(7);
+                       return (KSTD);
+               }
+               utf_wctomb(xcp, tmpa);
+               x_zotc3(&xcp);
+               utf_wctomb(xcp, tmpb);
+               x_zotc3(&xcp);
+       } else {
+               /*
+                * GNU emacs style: Swap the characters before and under the
+                * cursor, move cursor position along one.
+                */
+               if (utf_mbtowc(&tmpa, xcp) == (size_t)-1) {
+                       x_e_putc2(7);
+                       return (KSTD);
+               }
+               x_bs3(&xcp);
+               if (utf_mbtowc(&tmpb, xcp) == (size_t)-1) {
+                       x_e_putc2(7);
+                       return (KSTD);
+               }
+               utf_wctomb(xcp, tmpa);
+               x_zotc3(&xcp);
+               utf_wctomb(xcp, tmpb);
+               x_zotc3(&xcp);
+       }
+       x_modified();
+       return (KSTD);
+}
+
+static int
+x_literal(int c MKSH_A_UNUSED)
+{
+       x_curprefix = -1;
+       return (KSTD);
+}
+
+static int
+x_meta1(int c MKSH_A_UNUSED)
+{
+       x_curprefix = 1;
+       return (KSTD);
+}
+
+static int
+x_meta2(int c MKSH_A_UNUSED)
+{
+       x_curprefix = 2;
+       return (KSTD);
+}
+
+static int
+x_meta3(int c MKSH_A_UNUSED)
+{
+       x_curprefix = 3;
+       return (KSTD);
+}
+
+static int
+x_kill(int c MKSH_A_UNUSED)
+{
+       size_t col = xcp - xbuf;
+       size_t lastcol = xep - xbuf;
+       size_t ndel, narg;
+
+       if (x_arg_defaulted || (narg = x_arg) > lastcol)
+               narg = lastcol;
+       if (narg < col) {
+               x_goto(xbuf + narg);
+               ndel = col - narg;
+       } else
+               ndel = narg - col;
+       x_delete(x_nb2nc(ndel), true);
+       return (KSTD);
+}
+
+static void
+x_push(int nchars)
+{
+       afree(killstack[killsp], AEDIT);
+       strndupx(killstack[killsp], xcp, nchars, AEDIT);
+       killsp = (killsp + 1) % KILLSIZE;
+}
+
+static int
+x_yank(int c MKSH_A_UNUSED)
+{
+       if (killsp == 0)
+               killtp = KILLSIZE;
+       else
+               killtp = killsp;
+       killtp--;
+       if (killstack[killtp] == 0) {
+               x_e_puts("\nnothing to yank");
+               x_redraw(-1);
+               return (KSTD);
+       }
+       xmp = xcp;
+       x_ins(killstack[killtp]);
+       return (KSTD);
+}
+
+static int
+x_meta_yank(int c MKSH_A_UNUSED)
+{
+       size_t len;
+
+       if ((x_last_command != XFUNC_yank && x_last_command != XFUNC_meta_yank) ||
+           killstack[killtp] == 0) {
+               killtp = killsp;
+               x_e_puts("\nyank something first");
+               x_redraw(-1);
+               return (KSTD);
+       }
+       len = strlen(killstack[killtp]);
+       x_goto(xcp - len);
+       x_delete(x_nb2nc(len), false);
+       do {
+               if (killtp == 0)
+                       killtp = KILLSIZE - 1;
+               else
+                       killtp--;
+       } while (killstack[killtp] == 0);
+       x_ins(killstack[killtp]);
+       return (KSTD);
+}
+
+static int
+x_abort(int c MKSH_A_UNUSED)
+{
+       /* x_zotc(c); */
+       xlp = xep = xcp = xbp = xbuf;
+       xlp_valid = true;
+       *xcp = 0;
+       x_modified();
+       return (KINTR);
+}
+
+static int
+x_error(int c MKSH_A_UNUSED)
+{
+       x_e_putc2(7);
+       return (KSTD);
+}
+
+#ifndef MKSH_SMALL
+/* special VT100 style key sequence hack */
+static int
+x_vt_hack(int c)
+{
+       /* we only support PF2-'1' for now */
+       if (c != (2 << 8 | '1'))
+               return (x_error(c));
+
+       /* what's the next character? */
+       switch ((c = x_e_getc())) {
+       case '~':
+               x_arg = 1;
+               x_arg_defaulted = true;
+               return (x_mv_begin(0));
+       case ';':
+               /* "interesting" sequence detected */
+               break;
+       default:
+               goto unwind_err;
+       }
+
+       /* XXX x_e_ungetc is one-octet only */
+       if ((c = x_e_getc()) != '5' && c != '3')
+               goto unwind_err;
+
+       /*-
+        * At this point, we have read the following octets so far:
+        * - ESC+[ or ESC+O or Ctrl-X (Prefix 2)
+        * - 1 (vt_hack)
+        * - ;
+        * - 5 (Ctrl key combiner) or 3 (Alt key combiner)
+        * We can now accept one more octet designating the key.
+        */
+
+       switch ((c = x_e_getc())) {
+       case 'C':
+               return (x_mv_fword(c));
+       case 'D':
+               return (x_mv_bword(c));
+       }
+
+ unwind_err:
+       x_e_ungetc(c);
+       return (x_error(c));
+}
+#endif
+
+static char *
+x_mapin(const char *cp, Area *ap)
+{
+       char *news, *op;
+
+       strdupx(news, cp, ap);
+       op = news;
+       while (*cp) {
+               /* XXX -- should handle \^ escape? */
+               if (*cp == '^') {
+                       cp++;
+                       /*XXX or ^^ escape? this is ugly. */
+                       if (*cp >= '?')
+                               /* includes '?'; ASCII */
+                               *op++ = CTRL(*cp);
+                       else {
+                               *op++ = '^';
+                               cp--;
+                       }
+               } else
+                       *op++ = *cp;
+               cp++;
+       }
+       *op = '\0';
+
+       return (news);
+}
+
+static void
+x_mapout2(int c, char **buf)
+{
+       char *p = *buf;
+
+       if (ISCTRL(c)) {
+               *p++ = '^';
+               *p++ = UNCTRL(c);
+       } else
+               *p++ = c;
+       *p = 0;
+       *buf = p;
+}
+
+static char *
+x_mapout(int c)
+{
+       static char buf[8];
+       char *bp = buf;
+
+       x_mapout2(c, &bp);
+       return (buf);
+}
+
+static void
+x_print(int prefix, int key)
+{
+       int f = x_tab[prefix][key];
+
+       if (prefix)
+               /* prefix == 1 || prefix == 2 */
+               shf_puts(x_mapout(prefix == 1 ? CTRL('[') :
+                   prefix == 2 ? CTRL('X') : 0), shl_stdout);
+#ifdef MKSH_SMALL
+       shprintf("%s = ", x_mapout(key));
+#else
+       shprintf("%s%s = ", x_mapout(key), (f & 0x80) ? "~" : "");
+       if (XFUNC_VALUE(f) != XFUNC_ins_string)
+#endif
+               shprintf("%s\n", x_ftab[XFUNC_VALUE(f)].xf_name);
+#ifndef MKSH_SMALL
+       else
+               shprintf("'%s'\n", x_atab[prefix][key]);
+#endif
+}
+
+int
+x_bind(const char *a1, const char *a2,
+#ifndef MKSH_SMALL
+    /* bind -m */
+    bool macro,
+#endif
+    /* bind -l */
+    bool list)
+{
+       unsigned char f;
+       int prefix, key;
+       char *m1, *m2;
+#ifndef MKSH_SMALL
+       char *sp = NULL;
+       bool hastilde;
+#endif
+
+       if (x_tab == NULL) {
+               bi_errorf("can't bind, not a tty");
+               return (1);
+       }
+       /* List function names */
+       if (list) {
+               for (f = 0; f < NELEM(x_ftab); f++)
+                       if (!(x_ftab[f].xf_flags & XF_NOBIND))
+                               shprintf("%s\n", x_ftab[f].xf_name);
+               return (0);
+       }
+       if (a1 == NULL) {
+               for (prefix = 0; prefix < X_NTABS; prefix++)
+                       for (key = 0; key < X_TABSZ; key++) {
+                               f = XFUNC_VALUE(x_tab[prefix][key]);
+                               if (f == XFUNC_insert || f == XFUNC_error
+#ifndef MKSH_SMALL
+                                   || (macro && f != XFUNC_ins_string)
+#endif
+                                   )
+                                       continue;
+                               x_print(prefix, key);
+                       }
+               return (0);
+       }
+       m2 = m1 = x_mapin(a1, ATEMP);
+       prefix = 0;
+       for (;; m1++) {
+               key = (unsigned char)*m1;
+               f = XFUNC_VALUE(x_tab[prefix][key]);
+               if (f == XFUNC_meta1)
+                       prefix = 1;
+               else if (f == XFUNC_meta2)
+                       prefix = 2;
+               else if (f == XFUNC_meta3)
+                       prefix = 3;
+               else
+                       break;
+       }
+       if (*++m1
+#ifndef MKSH_SMALL
+           && ((*m1 != '~') || *(m1 + 1))
+#endif
+           ) {
+               char msg[256];
+               const char *c = a1;
+               m1 = msg;
+               while (*c && (size_t)(m1 - msg) < sizeof(msg) - 3)
+                       x_mapout2(*c++, &m1);
+               bi_errorf("too long key sequence: %s", msg);
+               return (1);
+       }
+#ifndef MKSH_SMALL
+       hastilde = tobool(*m1);
+#endif
+       afree(m2, ATEMP);
+
+       if (a2 == NULL) {
+               x_print(prefix, key);
+               return (0);
+       }
+       if (*a2 == 0) {
+               f = XFUNC_insert;
+#ifndef MKSH_SMALL
+       } else if (macro) {
+               f = XFUNC_ins_string;
+               sp = x_mapin(a2, AEDIT);
+#endif
+       } else {
+               for (f = 0; f < NELEM(x_ftab); f++)
+                       if (!strcmp(x_ftab[f].xf_name, a2))
+                               break;
+               if (f == NELEM(x_ftab) || x_ftab[f].xf_flags & XF_NOBIND) {
+                       bi_errorf("%s: no such function", a2);
+                       return (1);
+               }
+       }
+
+#ifndef MKSH_SMALL
+       if (XFUNC_VALUE(x_tab[prefix][key]) == XFUNC_ins_string &&
+           x_atab[prefix][key])
+               afree(x_atab[prefix][key], AEDIT);
+#endif
+       x_tab[prefix][key] = f
+#ifndef MKSH_SMALL
+           | (hastilde ? 0x80 : 0)
+#endif
+           ;
+#ifndef MKSH_SMALL
+       x_atab[prefix][key] = sp;
+#endif
+
+       /* Track what the user has bound so x_mode(true) won't toast things */
+       if (f == XFUNC_insert)
+               x_bound[(prefix * X_TABSZ + key) / 8] &=
+                   ~(1 << ((prefix * X_TABSZ + key) % 8));
+       else
+               x_bound[(prefix * X_TABSZ + key) / 8] |=
+                   (1 << ((prefix * X_TABSZ + key) % 8));
+
+       return (0);
+}
+
+static void
+bind_if_not_bound(int p, int k, int func)
+{
+       int t;
+
+       /*
+        * Has user already bound this key?
+        * If so, do not override it.
+        */
+       t = p * X_TABSZ + k;
+       if (x_bound[t >> 3] & (1 << (t & 7)))
+               return;
+
+       x_tab[p][k] = func;
+}
+
+static int
+x_set_mark(int c MKSH_A_UNUSED)
+{
+       xmp = xcp;
+       return (KSTD);
+}
+
+static int
+x_kill_region(int c MKSH_A_UNUSED)
+{
+       size_t rsize;
+       char *xr;
+
+       if (xmp == NULL) {
+               x_e_putc2(7);
+               return (KSTD);
+       }
+       if (xmp > xcp) {
+               rsize = xmp - xcp;
+               xr = xcp;
+       } else {
+               rsize = xcp - xmp;
+               xr = xmp;
+       }
+       x_goto(xr);
+       x_delete(x_nb2nc(rsize), true);
+       xmp = xr;
+       return (KSTD);
+}
+
+static int
+x_xchg_point_mark(int c MKSH_A_UNUSED)
+{
+       char *tmp;
+
+       if (xmp == NULL) {
+               x_e_putc2(7);
+               return (KSTD);
+       }
+       tmp = xmp;
+       xmp = xcp;
+       x_goto(tmp);
+       return (KSTD);
+}
+
+static int
+x_noop(int c MKSH_A_UNUSED)
+{
+       return (KSTD);
+}
+
+/*
+ *     File/command name completion routines
+ */
+static int
+x_comp_comm(int c MKSH_A_UNUSED)
+{
+       do_complete(XCF_COMMAND, CT_COMPLETE);
+       return (KSTD);
+}
+
+static int
+x_list_comm(int c MKSH_A_UNUSED)
+{
+       do_complete(XCF_COMMAND, CT_LIST);
+       return (KSTD);
+}
+
+static int
+x_complete(int c MKSH_A_UNUSED)
+{
+       do_complete(XCF_COMMAND_FILE, CT_COMPLETE);
+       return (KSTD);
+}
+
+static int
+x_enumerate(int c MKSH_A_UNUSED)
+{
+       do_complete(XCF_COMMAND_FILE, CT_LIST);
+       return (KSTD);
+}
+
+static int
+x_comp_file(int c MKSH_A_UNUSED)
+{
+       do_complete(XCF_FILE, CT_COMPLETE);
+       return (KSTD);
+}
+
+static int
+x_list_file(int c MKSH_A_UNUSED)
+{
+       do_complete(XCF_FILE, CT_LIST);
+       return (KSTD);
+}
+
+static int
+x_comp_list(int c MKSH_A_UNUSED)
+{
+       do_complete(XCF_COMMAND_FILE, CT_COMPLIST);
+       return (KSTD);
+}
+
+static int
+x_expand(int c MKSH_A_UNUSED)
+{
+       char **words;
+       int start, end, nwords, i;
+
+       i = XCF_FILE;
+       nwords = x_cf_glob(&i, xbuf, xep - xbuf, xcp - xbuf,
+           &start, &end, &words);
+
+       if (nwords == 0) {
+               x_e_putc2(7);
+               return (KSTD);
+       }
+       x_goto(xbuf + start);
+       x_delete(x_nb2nc(end - start), false);
+
+       i = 0;
+       while (i < nwords) {
+               if (x_escape(words[i], strlen(words[i]), x_do_ins) < 0 ||
+                   (++i < nwords && x_ins(" ") < 0)) {
+                       x_e_putc2(7);
+                       return (KSTD);
+               }
+       }
+       x_adjust();
+
+       return (KSTD);
+}
+
+static void
+do_complete(
+    /* XCF_{COMMAND,FILE,COMMAND_FILE} */
+    int flags,
+    /* 0 for list, 1 for complete and 2 for complete-list */
+    Comp_type type)
+{
+       char **words;
+       int start, end, nlen, olen, nwords;
+       bool completed;
+
+       nwords = x_cf_glob(&flags, xbuf, xep - xbuf, xcp - xbuf,
+           &start, &end, &words);
+       /* no match */
+       if (nwords == 0) {
+               x_e_putc2(7);
+               return;
+       }
+       if (type == CT_LIST) {
+               x_print_expansions(nwords, words,
+                   tobool(flags & XCF_IS_COMMAND));
+               x_redraw(0);
+               x_free_words(nwords, words);
+               return;
+       }
+       olen = end - start;
+       nlen = x_longest_prefix(nwords, words);
+       if (nwords == 1) {
+               /*
+                * always complete single matches;
+                * any expansion of parameter substitution
+                * is always at most one result, too
+                */
+               completed = true;
+       } else {
+               char *unescaped;
+
+               /* make a copy of the original string part */
+               strndupx(unescaped, xbuf + start, olen, ATEMP);
+
+               /* expand any tilde and unescape the string for comparison */
+               unescaped = x_glob_hlp_tilde_and_rem_qchar(unescaped, true);
+
+               /*
+                * match iff entire original string is part of the
+                * longest prefix, implying the latter is at least
+                * the same size (after unescaping)
+                */
+               completed = !strncmp(words[0], unescaped, strlen(unescaped));
+
+               afree(unescaped, ATEMP);
+       }
+       if (type == CT_COMPLIST && nwords > 1) {
+               /*
+                * print expansions, since we didn't get back
+                * just a single match
+                */
+               x_print_expansions(nwords, words,
+                   tobool(flags & XCF_IS_COMMAND));
+       }
+       if (completed) {
+               /* expand on the command line */
+               xmp = NULL;
+               xcp = xbuf + start;
+               xep -= olen;
+               memmove(xcp, xcp + olen, xep - xcp + 1);
+               x_escape(words[0], nlen, x_do_ins);
+       }
+       x_adjust();
+       /*
+        * append a space if this is a single non-directory match
+        * and not a parameter or homedir substitution
+        */
+       if (nwords == 1 && words[0][nlen - 1] != '/' &&
+           !(flags & XCF_IS_NOSPACE)) {
+               x_ins(" ");
+       }
+
+       x_free_words(nwords, words);
+}
+
+/*-
+ * NAME:
+ *     x_adjust - redraw the line adjusting starting point etc.
+ *
+ * DESCRIPTION:
+ *     This function is called when we have exceeded the bounds
+ *     of the edit window. It increments x_adj_done so that
+ *     functions like x_ins and x_delete know that we have been
+ *     called and can skip the x_bs() stuff which has already
+ *     been done by x_redraw.
+ *
+ * RETURN VALUE:
+ *     None
+ */
+static void
+x_adjust(void)
+{
+       int col_left, n;
+
+       /* flag the fact that we were called */
+       x_adj_done++;
+
+       /*
+        * calculate the amount of columns we need to "go back"
+        * from xcp to set xbp to (but never < xbuf) to 2/3 of
+        * the display width; take care of pwidth though
+        */
+       if ((col_left = xx_cols * 2 / 3) < MIN_EDIT_SPACE) {
+               /*
+                * cowardly refuse to do anything
+                * if the available space is too small;
+                * fall back to dumb pdksh code
+                */
+               if ((xbp = xcp - (x_displen / 2)) < xbuf)
+                       xbp = xbuf;
+               /* elide UTF-8 fixup as penalty */
+               goto x_adjust_out;
+       }
+
+       /* fix up xbp to just past a character end first */
+       xbp = xcp >= xep ? xep : x_bs0(xcp, xbuf);
+       /* walk backwards */
+       while (xbp > xbuf && col_left > 0) {
+               xbp = x_bs0(xbp - 1, xbuf);
+               col_left -= (n = x_size2(xbp, NULL));
+       }
+       /* check if we hit the prompt */
+       if (xbp == xbuf && xcp != xbuf && col_left >= 0 && col_left < pwidth) {
+               /* so we did; force scrolling occurs */
+               xbp += utf_ptradj(xbp);
+       }
+
+ x_adjust_out:
+       xlp_valid = false;
+       x_redraw(xx_cols);
+       x_flush();
+}
+
+static void
+x_e_ungetc(int c)
+{
+       unget_char = c < 0 ? -1 : (c & 255);
+}
+
+static int
+x_e_getc(void)
+{
+       int c;
+
+       if (unget_char >= 0) {
+               c = unget_char;
+               unget_char = -1;
+               return (c);
+       }
+
+#ifndef MKSH_SMALL
+       if (macroptr) {
+               if ((c = (unsigned char)*macroptr++))
+                       return (c);
+               macroptr = NULL;
+       }
+#endif
+
+       return (x_getc());
+}
+
+static void
+x_e_putc2(int c)
+{
+       int width = 1;
+
+       if (c == '\r' || c == '\n')
+               x_col = 0;
+       if (x_col < xx_cols) {
+               if (UTFMODE && (c > 0x7F)) {
+                       char utf_tmp[3];
+                       size_t x;
+
+                       if (c < 0xA0)
+                               c = 0xFFFD;
+                       x = utf_wctomb(utf_tmp, c);
+                       x_putc(utf_tmp[0]);
+                       if (x > 1)
+                               x_putc(utf_tmp[1]);
+                       if (x > 2)
+                               x_putc(utf_tmp[2]);
+                       width = utf_wcwidth(c);
+               } else
+                       x_putc(c);
+               switch (c) {
+               case 7:
+                       break;
+               case '\r':
+               case '\n':
+                       break;
+               case '\b':
+                       x_col--;
+                       break;
+               default:
+                       x_col += width;
+                       break;
+               }
+       }
+       if (x_adj_ok && (x_col < 0 || x_col >= (xx_cols - 2)))
+               x_adjust();
+}
+
+static void
+x_e_putc3(const char **cp)
+{
+       int width = 1, c = **(const unsigned char **)cp;
+
+       if (c == '\r' || c == '\n')
+               x_col = 0;
+       if (x_col < xx_cols) {
+               if (UTFMODE && (c > 0x7F)) {
+                       char *cp2;
+
+                       width = utf_widthadj(*cp, (const char **)&cp2);
+                       while (*cp < cp2)
+                               x_putcf(*(*cp)++);
+               } else {
+                       (*cp)++;
+                       x_putc(c);
+               }
+               switch (c) {
+               case 7:
+                       break;
+               case '\r':
+               case '\n':
+                       break;
+               case '\b':
+                       x_col--;
+                       break;
+               default:
+                       x_col += width;
+                       break;
+               }
+       }
+       if (x_adj_ok && (x_col < 0 || x_col >= (xx_cols - 2)))
+               x_adjust();
+}
+
+static void
+x_e_puts(const char *s)
+{
+       int adj = x_adj_done;
+
+       while (*s && adj == x_adj_done)
+               x_e_putc3(&s);
+}
+
+/*-
+ * NAME:
+ *     x_set_arg - set an arg value for next function
+ *
+ * DESCRIPTION:
+ *     This is a simple implementation of M-[0-9].
+ *
+ * RETURN VALUE:
+ *     KSTD
+ */
+static int
+x_set_arg(int c)
+{
+       unsigned int n = 0;
+       bool first = true;
+
+       /* strip command prefix */
+       c &= 255;
+       while (c >= 0 && ksh_isdigit(c)) {
+               n = n * 10 + ksh_numdig(c);
+               if (n > LINE)
+                       /* upper bound for repeat */
+                       goto x_set_arg_too_big;
+               c = x_e_getc();
+               first = false;
+       }
+       if (c < 0 || first) {
+ x_set_arg_too_big:
+               x_e_putc2(7);
+               x_arg = 1;
+               x_arg_defaulted = true;
+       } else {
+               x_e_ungetc(c);
+               x_arg = n;
+               x_arg_defaulted = false;
+       }
+       return (KSTD);
+}
+
+/* Comment or uncomment the current line. */
+static int
+x_comment(int c MKSH_A_UNUSED)
+{
+       int oldsize = x_size_str(xbuf);
+       ssize_t len = xep - xbuf;
+       int ret = x_do_comment(xbuf, xend - xbuf, &len);
+
+       if (ret < 0)
+               x_e_putc2(7);
+       else {
+               x_modified();
+               xep = xbuf + len;
+               *xep = '\0';
+               xcp = xbp = xbuf;
+               x_redraw(oldsize);
+               if (ret > 0)
+                       return (x_newline('\n'));
+       }
+       return (KSTD);
+}
+
+static int
+x_version(int c MKSH_A_UNUSED)
+{
+       char *o_xbuf = xbuf, *o_xend = xend;
+       char *o_xbp = xbp, *o_xep = xep, *o_xcp = xcp;
+       int lim = x_lastcp() - xbp;
+       size_t vlen;
+       char *v;
+
+       strdupx(v, KSH_VERSION, ATEMP);
+
+       xbuf = xbp = xcp = v;
+       xend = xep = v + (vlen = strlen(v));
+       x_redraw(lim);
+       x_flush();
+
+       c = x_e_getc();
+       xbuf = o_xbuf;
+       xend = o_xend;
+       xbp = o_xbp;
+       xep = o_xep;
+       xcp = o_xcp;
+       x_redraw((int)vlen);
+
+       if (c < 0)
+               return (KSTD);
+       /* This is what AT&T ksh seems to do... Very bizarre */
+       if (c != ' ')
+               x_e_ungetc(c);
+
+       afree(v, ATEMP);
+       return (KSTD);
+}
+
+#ifndef MKSH_SMALL
+static int
+x_edit_line(int c MKSH_A_UNUSED)
+{
+       if (x_arg_defaulted) {
+               if (xep == xbuf) {
+                       x_e_putc2(7);
+                       return (KSTD);
+               }
+               if (modified) {
+                       *xep = '\0';
+                       histsave(&source->line, xbuf, HIST_STORE, true);
+                       x_arg = 0;
+               } else
+                       x_arg = source->line - (histptr - x_histp);
+       }
+       if (x_arg)
+               shf_snprintf(xbuf, xend - xbuf, "%s %d",
+                   "fc -e ${VISUAL:-${EDITOR:-vi}} --", x_arg);
+       else
+               strlcpy(xbuf, "fc -e ${VISUAL:-${EDITOR:-vi}} --", xend - xbuf);
+       xep = xbuf + strlen(xbuf);
+       return (x_newline('\n'));
+}
+#endif
+
+/*-
+ * NAME:
+ *     x_prev_histword - recover word from prev command
+ *
+ * DESCRIPTION:
+ *     This function recovers the last word from the previous
+ *     command and inserts it into the current edit line. If a
+ *     numeric arg is supplied then the n'th word from the
+ *     start of the previous command is used.
+ *     As a side effect, trashes the mark in order to achieve
+ *     being called in a repeatable fashion.
+ *
+ *     Bound to M-.
+ *
+ * RETURN VALUE:
+ *     KSTD
+ */
+static int
+x_prev_histword(int c MKSH_A_UNUSED)
+{
+       char *rcp, *cp;
+       char **xhp;
+       int m = 1;
+       /* -1 = defaulted; 0+ = argument */
+       static int last_arg = -1;
+
+       if (x_last_command == XFUNC_prev_histword) {
+               if (xmp && modified > 1)
+                       x_kill_region(0);
+               if (modified)
+                       m = modified;
+       } else
+               last_arg = x_arg_defaulted ? -1 : x_arg;
+       xhp = histptr - (m - 1);
+       if ((xhp < history) || !(cp = *xhp)) {
+               x_e_putc2(7);
+               x_modified();
+               return (KSTD);
+       }
+       x_set_mark(0);
+       if ((x_arg = last_arg) == -1) {
+               /* x_arg_defaulted */
+
+               rcp = &cp[strlen(cp) - 1];
+               /*
+                * ignore white-space after the last word
+                */
+               while (rcp > cp && is_cfs(*rcp))
+                       rcp--;
+               while (rcp > cp && !is_cfs(*rcp))
+                       rcp--;
+               if (is_cfs(*rcp))
+                       rcp++;
+               x_ins(rcp);
+       } else {
+               /* not x_arg_defaulted */
+               char ch;
+
+               rcp = cp;
+               /*
+                * ignore white-space at start of line
+                */
+               while (*rcp && is_cfs(*rcp))
+                       rcp++;
+               while (x_arg-- > 0) {
+                       while (*rcp && !is_cfs(*rcp))
+                               rcp++;
+                       while (*rcp && is_cfs(*rcp))
+                               rcp++;
+               }
+               cp = rcp;
+               while (*rcp && !is_cfs(*rcp))
+                       rcp++;
+               ch = *rcp;
+               *rcp = '\0';
+               x_ins(cp);
+               *rcp = ch;
+       }
+       modified = m + 1;
+       return (KSTD);
+}
+
+#ifndef MKSH_SMALL
+/* Uppercase N(1) words */
+static int
+x_fold_upper(int c MKSH_A_UNUSED)
+{
+       return (x_fold_case('U'));
+}
+
+/* Lowercase N(1) words */
+static int
+x_fold_lower(int c MKSH_A_UNUSED)
+{
+       return (x_fold_case('L'));
+}
+
+/* Titlecase N(1) words */
+static int
+x_fold_capitalise(int c MKSH_A_UNUSED)
+{
+       return (x_fold_case('C'));
+}
+
+/*-
+ * NAME:
+ *     x_fold_case - convert word to UPPER/lower/Capital case
+ *
+ * DESCRIPTION:
+ *     This function is used to implement M-U/M-u, M-L/M-l, M-C/M-c
+ *     to UPPER CASE, lower case or Capitalise Words.
+ *
+ * RETURN VALUE:
+ *     None
+ */
+static int
+x_fold_case(int c)
+{
+       char *cp = xcp;
+
+       if (cp == xep) {
+               x_e_putc2(7);
+               return (KSTD);
+       }
+       while (x_arg--) {
+               /*
+                * first skip over any white-space
+                */
+               while (cp != xep && is_mfs(*cp))
+                       cp++;
+               /*
+                * do the first char on its own since it may be
+                * a different action than for the rest.
+                */
+               if (cp != xep) {
+                       if (c == 'L')
+                               /* lowercase */
+                               *cp = ksh_tolower(*cp);
+                       else
+                               /* uppercase, capitalise */
+                               *cp = ksh_toupper(*cp);
+                       cp++;
+               }
+               /*
+                * now for the rest of the word
+                */
+               while (cp != xep && !is_mfs(*cp)) {
+                       if (c == 'U')
+                               /* uppercase */
+                               *cp = ksh_toupper(*cp);
+                       else
+                               /* lowercase, capitalise */
+                               *cp = ksh_tolower(*cp);
+                       cp++;
+               }
+       }
+       x_goto(cp);
+       x_modified();
+       return (KSTD);
+}
+#endif
+
+/*-
+ * NAME:
+ *     x_lastcp - last visible char
+ *
+ * SYNOPSIS:
+ *     x_lastcp()
+ *
+ * DESCRIPTION:
+ *     This function returns a pointer to that char in the
+ *     edit buffer that will be the last displayed on the
+ *     screen. The sequence:
+ *
+ *     cp = x_lastcp();
+ *     while (cp > xcp)
+ *             x_bs3(&cp);
+ *
+ *     Will position the cursor correctly on the screen.
+ *
+ * RETURN VALUE:
+ *     cp or NULL
+ */
+static char *
+x_lastcp(void)
+{
+       if (!xlp_valid) {
+               int i = 0, j;
+               char *xlp2;
+
+               xlp = xbp;
+               while (xlp < xep) {
+                       j = x_size2(xlp, &xlp2);
+                       if ((i + j) > x_displen)
+                               break;
+                       i += j;
+                       xlp = xlp2;
+               }
+       }
+       xlp_valid = true;
+       return (xlp);
+}
+
+static void
+x_mode(bool onoff)
+{
+       static bool x_cur_mode;
+
+       if (x_cur_mode == onoff)
+               return;
+       x_cur_mode = onoff;
+
+       if (onoff) {
+               x_mkraw(tty_fd, NULL, false);
+
+               edchars.erase = tty_state.c_cc[VERASE];
+               edchars.kill = tty_state.c_cc[VKILL];
+               edchars.intr = tty_state.c_cc[VINTR];
+               edchars.quit = tty_state.c_cc[VQUIT];
+               edchars.eof = tty_state.c_cc[VEOF];
+#ifdef VWERASE
+               edchars.werase = tty_state.c_cc[VWERASE];
+#else
+               edchars.werase = 0;
+#endif
+
+               if (!edchars.erase)
+                       edchars.erase = CTRL('H');
+               if (!edchars.kill)
+                       edchars.kill = CTRL('U');
+               if (!edchars.intr)
+                       edchars.intr = CTRL('C');
+               if (!edchars.quit)
+                       edchars.quit = CTRL('\\');
+               if (!edchars.eof)
+                       edchars.eof = CTRL('D');
+               if (!edchars.werase)
+                       edchars.werase = CTRL('W');
+
+#ifdef _POSIX_VDISABLE
+               /* Convert unset values to internal 'unset' value */
+               if (edchars.erase == _POSIX_VDISABLE)
+                       edchars.erase = -1;
+               if (edchars.kill == _POSIX_VDISABLE)
+                       edchars.kill = -1;
+               if (edchars.intr == _POSIX_VDISABLE)
+                       edchars.intr = -1;
+               if (edchars.quit == _POSIX_VDISABLE)
+                       edchars.quit = -1;
+               if (edchars.eof == _POSIX_VDISABLE)
+                       edchars.eof = -1;
+               if (edchars.werase == _POSIX_VDISABLE)
+                       edchars.werase = -1;
+#endif
+
+               if (edchars.erase >= 0) {
+                       bind_if_not_bound(0, edchars.erase, XFUNC_del_back);
+                       bind_if_not_bound(1, edchars.erase, XFUNC_del_bword);
+               }
+               if (edchars.kill >= 0)
+                       bind_if_not_bound(0, edchars.kill, XFUNC_del_line);
+               if (edchars.werase >= 0)
+                       bind_if_not_bound(0, edchars.werase, XFUNC_del_bword);
+               if (edchars.intr >= 0)
+                       bind_if_not_bound(0, edchars.intr, XFUNC_abort);
+               if (edchars.quit >= 0)
+                       bind_if_not_bound(0, edchars.quit, XFUNC_noop);
+       } else
+               mksh_tcset(tty_fd, &tty_state);
+}
+
+#if !MKSH_S_NOVI
+/* +++ vi editing mode +++ */
+
+struct edstate {
+       char *cbuf;
+       ssize_t winleft;
+       ssize_t cbufsize;
+       ssize_t linelen;
+       ssize_t cursor;
+};
+
+static int vi_hook(int);
+static int nextstate(int);
+static int vi_insert(int);
+static int vi_cmd(int, const char *);
+static int domove(int, const char *, int);
+static int redo_insert(int);
+static void yank_range(int, int);
+static int bracktype(int);
+static void save_cbuf(void);
+static void restore_cbuf(void);
+static int putbuf(const char *, ssize_t, bool);
+static void del_range(int, int);
+static int findch(int, int, bool, bool) MKSH_A_PURE;
+static int forwword(int);
+static int backword(int);
+static int endword(int);
+static int Forwword(int);
+static int Backword(int);
+static int Endword(int);
+static int grabhist(int, int);
+static int grabsearch(int, int, int, const char *);
+static void redraw_line(bool);
+static void refresh(int);
+static int outofwin(void);
+static void rewindow(void);
+static int newcol(unsigned char, int);
+static void display(char *, char *, int);
+static void ed_mov_opt(int, char *);
+static int expand_word(int);
+static int complete_word(int, int);
+static int print_expansions(struct edstate *, int);
+#define char_len(c)    ((ISCTRL((unsigned char)c) && \
+                       /* but not C1 */ (unsigned char)c < 0x80) ? 2 : 1)
+static void x_vi_zotc(int);
+static void vi_error(void);
+static void vi_macro_reset(void);
+static int x_vi_putbuf(const char *, size_t);
+
+#define vC     0x01            /* a valid command that isn't a vM, vE, vU */
+#define vM     0x02            /* movement command (h, l, etc.) */
+#define vE     0x04            /* extended command (c, d, y) */
+#define vX     0x08            /* long command (@, f, F, t, T, etc.) */
+#define vU     0x10            /* an UN-undoable command (that isn't a vM) */
+#define vB     0x20            /* bad command (^@) */
+#define vZ     0x40            /* repeat count defaults to 0 (not 1) */
+#define vS     0x80            /* search (/, ?) */
+
+#define is_bad(c)      (classify[(c)&0x7f]&vB)
+#define is_cmd(c)      (classify[(c)&0x7f]&(vM|vE|vC|vU))
+#define is_move(c)     (classify[(c)&0x7f]&vM)
+#define is_extend(c)   (classify[(c)&0x7f]&vE)
+#define is_long(c)     (classify[(c)&0x7f]&vX)
+#define is_undoable(c) (!(classify[(c)&0x7f]&vU))
+#define is_srch(c)     (classify[(c)&0x7f]&vS)
+#define is_zerocount(c)        (classify[(c)&0x7f]&vZ)
+
+static const unsigned char classify[128] = {
+/*      0      1       2       3       4       5       6       7       */
+/* 0   ^@      ^A      ^B      ^C      ^D      ^E      ^F      ^G      */
+       vB,     0,      0,      0,      0,      vC|vU,  vC|vZ,  0,
+/* 1   ^H      ^I      ^J      ^K      ^L      ^M      ^N      ^O      */
+       vM,     vC|vZ,  0,      0,      vC|vU,  0,      vC,     0,
+/* 2   ^P      ^Q      ^R      ^S      ^T      ^U      ^V      ^W      */
+       vC,     0,      vC|vU,  0,      0,      0,      vC,     0,
+/* 3   ^X      ^Y      ^Z      ^[      ^\      ^]      ^^      ^_      */
+       vC,     0,      0,      vC|vZ,  0,      0,      0,      0,
+/* 4   <space> !       "       #       $       %       &       '       */
+       vM,     0,      0,      vC,     vM,     vM,     0,      0,
+/* 5   (       )       *       +       ,       -       .       /       */
+       0,      0,      vC,     vC,     vM,     vC,     0,      vC|vS,
+/* 6   0       1       2       3       4       5       6       7       */
+       vM,     0,      0,      0,      0,      0,      0,      0,
+/* 7   8       9       :       ;       <       =       >       ?       */
+       0,      0,      0,      vM,     0,      vC,     0,      vC|vS,
+/* 8   @       A       B       C       D       E       F       G       */
+       vC|vX,  vC,     vM,     vC,     vC,     vM,     vM|vX,  vC|vU|vZ,
+/* 9   H       I       J       K       L       M       N       O       */
+       0,      vC,     0,      0,      0,      0,      vC|vU,  vU,
+/* A   P       Q       R       S       T       U       V       W       */
+       vC,     0,      vC,     vC,     vM|vX,  vC,     0,      vM,
+/* B   X       Y       Z       [       \       ]       ^       _       */
+       vC,     vC|vU,  0,      vU,     vC|vZ,  0,      vM,     vC|vZ,
+/* C   `       a       b       c       d       e       f       g       */
+       0,      vC,     vM,     vE,     vE,     vM,     vM|vX,  vC|vZ,
+/* D   h       i       j       k       l       m       n       o       */
+       vM,     vC,     vC|vU,  vC|vU,  vM,     0,      vC|vU,  0,
+/* E   p       q       r       s       t       u       v       w       */
+       vC,     0,      vX,     vC,     vM|vX,  vC|vU,  vC|vU|vZ, vM,
+/* F   x       y       z       {       |       }       ~       ^?      */
+       vC,     vE|vU,  0,      0,      vM|vZ,  0,      vC,     0
+};
+
+#define MAXVICMD       3
+#define SRCHLEN                40
+
+#define INSERT         1
+#define REPLACE                2
+
+#define VNORMAL                0               /* command, insert or replace mode */
+#define VARG1          1               /* digit prefix (first, eg, 5l) */
+#define VEXTCMD                2               /* cmd + movement (eg, cl) */
+#define VARG2          3               /* digit prefix (second, eg, 2c3l) */
+#define VXCH           4               /* f, F, t, T, @ */
+#define VFAIL          5               /* bad command */
+#define VCMD           6               /* single char command (eg, X) */
+#define VREDO          7               /* . */
+#define VLIT           8               /* ^V */
+#define VSEARCH                9               /* /, ? */
+#define VVERSION       10              /* <ESC> ^V */
+#define VPREFIX2       11              /* ^[[ and ^[O in insert mode */
+
+static struct edstate  *save_edstate(struct edstate *old);
+static void            restore_edstate(struct edstate *old, struct edstate *news);
+static void            free_edstate(struct edstate *old);
+
+static struct edstate  ebuf;
+static struct edstate  undobuf;
+
+static struct edstate  *es;            /* current editor state */
+static struct edstate  *undo;
+
+static char *ibuf;                     /* input buffer */
+static bool first_insert;              /* set when starting in insert mode */
+static int saved_inslen;               /* saved inslen for first insert */
+static int inslen;                     /* length of input buffer */
+static int srchlen;                    /* length of current search pattern */
+static char *ybuf;                     /* yank buffer */
+static int yanklen;                    /* length of yank buffer */
+static int fsavecmd = ' ';             /* last find command */
+static int fsavech;                    /* character to find */
+static char lastcmd[MAXVICMD];         /* last non-move command */
+static int lastac;                     /* argcnt for lastcmd */
+static int lastsearch = ' ';           /* last search command */
+static char srchpat[SRCHLEN];          /* last search pattern */
+static int insert;                     /* <>0 in insert mode */
+static int hnum;                       /* position in history */
+static int ohnum;                      /* history line copied (after mod) */
+static int hlast;                      /* 1 past last position in history */
+static int state;
+
+/*
+ * Information for keeping track of macros that are being expanded.
+ * The format of buf is the alias contents followed by a NUL byte followed
+ * by the name (letter) of the alias. The end of the buffer is marked by
+ * a double NUL. The name of the alias is stored so recursive macros can
+ * be detected.
+ */
+struct macro_state {
+       unsigned char *p;       /* current position in buf */
+       unsigned char *buf;     /* pointer to macro(s) being expanded */
+       size_t len;             /* how much data in buffer */
+};
+static struct macro_state macro;
+
+/* last input was expanded */
+static enum expand_mode {
+       NONE = 0, EXPAND, COMPLETE, PRINT
+} expanded;
+
+static int
+x_vi(char *buf)
+{
+       int c;
+
+       state = VNORMAL;
+       ohnum = hnum = hlast = histnum(-1) + 1;
+       insert = INSERT;
+       saved_inslen = inslen;
+       first_insert = true;
+       inslen = 0;
+       vi_macro_reset();
+
+       ebuf.cbuf = buf;
+       if (undobuf.cbuf == NULL) {
+               ibuf = alloc(LINE, AEDIT);
+               ybuf = alloc(LINE, AEDIT);
+               undobuf.cbuf = alloc(LINE, AEDIT);
+       }
+       undobuf.cbufsize = ebuf.cbufsize = LINE;
+       undobuf.linelen = ebuf.linelen = 0;
+       undobuf.cursor = ebuf.cursor = 0;
+       undobuf.winleft = ebuf.winleft = 0;
+       es = &ebuf;
+       undo = &undobuf;
+
+       x_init_prompt(true);
+       x_col = pwidth;
+
+       if (wbuf_len != x_cols - 3 && ((wbuf_len = x_cols - 3))) {
+               wbuf[0] = aresize(wbuf[0], wbuf_len, AEDIT);
+               wbuf[1] = aresize(wbuf[1], wbuf_len, AEDIT);
+       }
+       if (wbuf_len) {
+               memset(wbuf[0], ' ', wbuf_len);
+               memset(wbuf[1], ' ', wbuf_len);
+       }
+       winwidth = x_cols - pwidth - 3;
+       win = 0;
+       morec = ' ';
+       lastref = 1;
+       holdlen = 0;
+
+       editmode = 2;
+       x_flush();
+       while (/* CONSTCOND */ 1) {
+               if (macro.p) {
+                       c = (unsigned char)*macro.p++;
+                       /* end of current macro? */
+                       if (!c) {
+                               /* more macros left to finish? */
+                               if (*macro.p++)
+                                       continue;
+                               /* must be the end of all the macros */
+                               vi_macro_reset();
+                               c = x_getc();
+                       }
+               } else
+                       c = x_getc();
+
+               if (c == -1)
+                       break;
+               if (state != VLIT) {
+                       if (c == edchars.intr || c == edchars.quit) {
+                               /* pretend we got an interrupt */
+                               x_vi_zotc(c);
+                               x_flush();
+                               trapsig(c == edchars.intr ? SIGINT : SIGQUIT);
+                               x_mode(false);
+                               unwind(LSHELL);
+                       } else if (c == edchars.eof && state != VVERSION) {
+                               if (es->linelen == 0) {
+                                       x_vi_zotc(edchars.eof);
+                                       c = -1;
+                                       break;
+                               }
+                               continue;
+                       }
+               }
+               if (vi_hook(c))
+                       break;
+               x_flush();
+       }
+
+       x_putc('\r');
+       x_putc('\n');
+       x_flush();
+
+       if (c == -1 || (ssize_t)LINE <= es->linelen)
+               return (-1);
+
+       if (es->cbuf != buf)
+               memcpy(buf, es->cbuf, es->linelen);
+
+       buf[es->linelen++] = '\n';
+
+       return (es->linelen);
+}
+
+static int
+vi_hook(int ch)
+{
+       static char curcmd[MAXVICMD], locpat[SRCHLEN];
+       static int cmdlen, argc1, argc2;
+
+       switch (state) {
+
+       case VNORMAL:
+               /* PC scancodes */
+               if (!ch) switch (cmdlen = 0, (ch = x_getc())) {
+               case 71: ch = '0'; goto pseudo_vi_command;
+               case 72: ch = 'k'; goto pseudo_vi_command;
+               case 73: ch = 'A'; goto vi_xfunc_search_up;
+               case 75: ch = 'h'; goto pseudo_vi_command;
+               case 77: ch = 'l'; goto pseudo_vi_command;
+               case 79: ch = '$'; goto pseudo_vi_command;
+               case 80: ch = 'j'; goto pseudo_vi_command;
+               case 83: ch = 'x'; goto pseudo_vi_command;
+               default: ch = 0; goto vi_insert_failed;
+               }
+               if (insert != 0) {
+                       if (ch == CTRL('v')) {
+                               state = VLIT;
+                               ch = '^';
+                       }
+                       switch (vi_insert(ch)) {
+                       case -1:
+ vi_insert_failed:
+                               vi_error();
+                               state = VNORMAL;
+                               break;
+                       case 0:
+                               if (state == VLIT) {
+                                       es->cursor--;
+                                       refresh(0);
+                               } else
+                                       refresh(insert != 0);
+                               break;
+                       case 1:
+                               return (1);
+                       }
+               } else {
+                       if (ch == '\r' || ch == '\n')
+                               return (1);
+                       cmdlen = 0;
+                       argc1 = 0;
+                       if (ch >= ord('1') && ch <= ord('9')) {
+                               argc1 = ksh_numdig(ch);
+                               state = VARG1;
+                       } else {
+ pseudo_vi_command:
+                               curcmd[cmdlen++] = ch;
+                               state = nextstate(ch);
+                               if (state == VSEARCH) {
+                                       save_cbuf();
+                                       es->cursor = 0;
+                                       es->linelen = 0;
+                                       if (putbuf(ch == '/' ? "/" : "?", 1,
+                                           false) != 0)
+                                               return (-1);
+                                       refresh(0);
+                               }
+                               if (state == VVERSION) {
+                                       save_cbuf();
+                                       es->cursor = 0;
+                                       es->linelen = 0;
+                                       putbuf(KSH_VERSION,
+                                           strlen(KSH_VERSION), false);
+                                       refresh(0);
+                               }
+                       }
+               }
+               break;
+
+       case VLIT:
+               if (is_bad(ch)) {
+                       del_range(es->cursor, es->cursor + 1);
+                       vi_error();
+               } else
+                       es->cbuf[es->cursor++] = ch;
+               refresh(1);
+               state = VNORMAL;
+               break;
+
+       case VVERSION:
+               restore_cbuf();
+               state = VNORMAL;
+               refresh(0);
+               break;
+
+       case VARG1:
+               if (ksh_isdigit(ch))
+                       argc1 = argc1 * 10 + ksh_numdig(ch);
+               else {
+                       curcmd[cmdlen++] = ch;
+                       state = nextstate(ch);
+               }
+               break;
+
+       case VEXTCMD:
+               argc2 = 0;
+               if (ch >= ord('1') && ch <= ord('9')) {
+                       argc2 = ksh_numdig(ch);
+                       state = VARG2;
+                       return (0);
+               } else {
+                       curcmd[cmdlen++] = ch;
+                       if (ch == curcmd[0])
+                               state = VCMD;
+                       else if (is_move(ch))
+                               state = nextstate(ch);
+                       else
+                               state = VFAIL;
+               }
+               break;
+
+       case VARG2:
+               if (ksh_isdigit(ch))
+                       argc2 = argc2 * 10 + ksh_numdig(ch);
+               else {
+                       if (argc1 == 0)
+                               argc1 = argc2;
+                       else
+                               argc1 *= argc2;
+                       curcmd[cmdlen++] = ch;
+                       if (ch == curcmd[0])
+                               state = VCMD;
+                       else if (is_move(ch))
+                               state = nextstate(ch);
+                       else
+                               state = VFAIL;
+               }
+               break;
+
+       case VXCH:
+               if (ch == CTRL('['))
+                       state = VNORMAL;
+               else {
+                       curcmd[cmdlen++] = ch;
+                       state = VCMD;
+               }
+               break;
+
+       case VSEARCH:
+               if (ch == '\r' || ch == '\n' /*|| ch == CTRL('[')*/ ) {
+                       restore_cbuf();
+                       /* Repeat last search? */
+                       if (srchlen == 0) {
+                               if (!srchpat[0]) {
+                                       vi_error();
+                                       state = VNORMAL;
+                                       refresh(0);
+                                       return (0);
+                               }
+                       } else {
+                               locpat[srchlen] = '\0';
+                               memcpy(srchpat, locpat, srchlen + 1);
+                       }
+                       state = VCMD;
+               } else if (ch == edchars.erase || ch == CTRL('h')) {
+                       if (srchlen != 0) {
+                               srchlen--;
+                               es->linelen -= char_len(locpat[srchlen]);
+                               es->cursor = es->linelen;
+                               refresh(0);
+                               return (0);
+                       }
+                       restore_cbuf();
+                       state = VNORMAL;
+                       refresh(0);
+               } else if (ch == edchars.kill) {
+                       srchlen = 0;
+                       es->linelen = 1;
+                       es->cursor = 1;
+                       refresh(0);
+                       return (0);
+               } else if (ch == edchars.werase) {
+                       unsigned int i, n;
+                       struct edstate new_es, *save_es;
+
+                       new_es.cursor = srchlen;
+                       new_es.cbuf = locpat;
+
+                       save_es = es;
+                       es = &new_es;
+                       n = backword(1);
+                       es = save_es;
+
+                       i = (unsigned)srchlen;
+                       while (--i >= n)
+                               es->linelen -= char_len(locpat[i]);
+                       srchlen = (int)n;
+                       es->cursor = es->linelen;
+                       refresh(0);
+                       return (0);
+               } else {
+                       if (srchlen == SRCHLEN - 1)
+                               vi_error();
+                       else {
+                               locpat[srchlen++] = ch;
+                               if (ISCTRL(ch) && /* but not C1 */ ch < 0x80) {
+                                       if ((size_t)es->linelen + 2 >
+                                           (size_t)es->cbufsize)
+                                               vi_error();
+                                       es->cbuf[es->linelen++] = '^';
+                                       es->cbuf[es->linelen++] = UNCTRL(ch);
+                               } else {
+                                       if (es->linelen >= es->cbufsize)
+                                               vi_error();
+                                       es->cbuf[es->linelen++] = ch;
+                               }
+                               es->cursor = es->linelen;
+                               refresh(0);
+                       }
+                       return (0);
+               }
+               break;
+
+       case VPREFIX2:
+ vi_xfunc_search_up:
+               state = VFAIL;
+               switch (ch) {
+               case 'A':
+                       /* the cursor may not be at the BOL */
+                       if (!es->cursor)
+                               break;
+                       /* nor further in the line than we can search for */
+                       if ((size_t)es->cursor >= sizeof(srchpat) - 1)
+                               es->cursor = sizeof(srchpat) - 2;
+                       /* anchor the search pattern */
+                       srchpat[0] = '^';
+                       /* take the current line up to the cursor */
+                       memmove(srchpat + 1, es->cbuf, es->cursor);
+                       srchpat[es->cursor + 1] = '\0';
+                       /* set a magic flag */
+                       argc1 = 2 + (int)es->cursor;
+                       /* and emulate a backwards history search */
+                       lastsearch = '/';
+                       *curcmd = 'n';
+                       goto pseudo_VCMD;
+               }
+               break;
+       }
+
+       switch (state) {
+       case VCMD:
+ pseudo_VCMD:
+               state = VNORMAL;
+               switch (vi_cmd(argc1, curcmd)) {
+               case -1:
+                       vi_error();
+                       refresh(0);
+                       break;
+               case 0:
+                       if (insert != 0)
+                               inslen = 0;
+                       refresh(insert != 0);
+                       break;
+               case 1:
+                       refresh(0);
+                       return (1);
+               case 2:
+                       /* back from a 'v' command - don't redraw the screen */
+                       return (1);
+               }
+               break;
+
+       case VREDO:
+               state = VNORMAL;
+               if (argc1 != 0)
+                       lastac = argc1;
+               switch (vi_cmd(lastac, lastcmd)) {
+               case -1:
+                       vi_error();
+                       refresh(0);
+                       break;
+               case 0:
+                       if (insert != 0) {
+                               if (lastcmd[0] == 's' || lastcmd[0] == 'c' ||
+                                   lastcmd[0] == 'C') {
+                                       if (redo_insert(1) != 0)
+                                               vi_error();
+                               } else {
+                                       if (redo_insert(lastac) != 0)
+                                               vi_error();
+                               }
+                       }
+                       refresh(0);
+                       break;
+               case 1:
+                       refresh(0);
+                       return (1);
+               case 2:
+                       /* back from a 'v' command - can't happen */
+                       break;
+               }
+               break;
+
+       case VFAIL:
+               state = VNORMAL;
+               vi_error();
+               break;
+       }
+       return (0);
+}
+
+static int
+nextstate(int ch)
+{
+       if (is_extend(ch))
+               return (VEXTCMD);
+       else if (is_srch(ch))
+               return (VSEARCH);
+       else if (is_long(ch))
+               return (VXCH);
+       else if (ch == '.')
+               return (VREDO);
+       else if (ch == CTRL('v'))
+               return (VVERSION);
+       else if (is_cmd(ch))
+               return (VCMD);
+       else
+               return (VFAIL);
+}
+
+static int
+vi_insert(int ch)
+{
+       int tcursor;
+
+       if (ch == edchars.erase || ch == CTRL('h')) {
+               if (insert == REPLACE) {
+                       if (es->cursor == undo->cursor) {
+                               vi_error();
+                               return (0);
+                       }
+                       if (inslen > 0)
+                               inslen--;
+                       es->cursor--;
+                       if (es->cursor >= undo->linelen)
+                               es->linelen--;
+                       else
+                               es->cbuf[es->cursor] = undo->cbuf[es->cursor];
+               } else {
+                       if (es->cursor == 0)
+                               return (0);
+                       if (inslen > 0)
+                               inslen--;
+                       es->cursor--;
+                       es->linelen--;
+                       memmove(&es->cbuf[es->cursor], &es->cbuf[es->cursor + 1],
+                           es->linelen - es->cursor + 1);
+               }
+               expanded = NONE;
+               return (0);
+       }
+       if (ch == edchars.kill) {
+               if (es->cursor != 0) {
+                       inslen = 0;
+                       memmove(es->cbuf, &es->cbuf[es->cursor],
+                           es->linelen - es->cursor);
+                       es->linelen -= es->cursor;
+                       es->cursor = 0;
+               }
+               expanded = NONE;
+               return (0);
+       }
+       if (ch == edchars.werase) {
+               if (es->cursor != 0) {
+                       tcursor = backword(1);
+                       memmove(&es->cbuf[tcursor], &es->cbuf[es->cursor],
+                           es->linelen - es->cursor);
+                       es->linelen -= es->cursor - tcursor;
+                       if (inslen < es->cursor - tcursor)
+                               inslen = 0;
+                       else
+                               inslen -= es->cursor - tcursor;
+                       es->cursor = tcursor;
+               }
+               expanded = NONE;
+               return (0);
+       }
+       /*
+        * If any chars are entered before escape, trash the saved insert
+        * buffer (if user inserts & deletes char, ibuf gets trashed and
+        * we don't want to use it)
+        */
+       if (first_insert && ch != CTRL('['))
+               saved_inslen = 0;
+       switch (ch) {
+       case '\0':
+               return (-1);
+
+       case '\r':
+       case '\n':
+               return (1);
+
+       case CTRL('['):
+               expanded = NONE;
+               if (first_insert) {
+                       first_insert = false;
+                       if (inslen == 0) {
+                               inslen = saved_inslen;
+                               return (redo_insert(0));
+                       }
+                       lastcmd[0] = 'a';
+                       lastac = 1;
+               }
+               if (lastcmd[0] == 's' || lastcmd[0] == 'c' ||
+                   lastcmd[0] == 'C')
+                       return (redo_insert(0));
+               else
+                       return (redo_insert(lastac - 1));
+
+       /* { Begin nonstandard vi commands */
+       case CTRL('x'):
+               expand_word(0);
+               break;
+
+       case CTRL('f'):
+               complete_word(0, 0);
+               break;
+
+       case CTRL('e'):
+               print_expansions(es, 0);
+               break;
+
+       case CTRL('i'):
+               if (Flag(FVITABCOMPLETE)) {
+                       complete_word(0, 0);
+                       break;
+               }
+               /* FALLTHROUGH */
+       /* End nonstandard vi commands } */
+
+       default:
+               if (es->linelen >= es->cbufsize - 1)
+                       return (-1);
+               ibuf[inslen++] = ch;
+               if (insert == INSERT) {
+                       memmove(&es->cbuf[es->cursor + 1], &es->cbuf[es->cursor],
+                           es->linelen - es->cursor);
+                       es->linelen++;
+               }
+               es->cbuf[es->cursor++] = ch;
+               if (insert == REPLACE && es->cursor > es->linelen)
+                       es->linelen++;
+               expanded = NONE;
+       }
+       return (0);
+}
+
+static int
+vi_cmd(int argcnt, const char *cmd)
+{
+       int ncursor;
+       int cur, c1, c2, c3 = 0;
+       int any;
+       struct edstate *t;
+
+       if (argcnt == 0 && !is_zerocount(*cmd))
+               argcnt = 1;
+
+       if (is_move(*cmd)) {
+               if ((cur = domove(argcnt, cmd, 0)) >= 0) {
+                       if (cur == es->linelen && cur != 0)
+                               cur--;
+                       es->cursor = cur;
+               } else
+                       return (-1);
+       } else {
+               /* Don't save state in middle of macro.. */
+               if (is_undoable(*cmd) && !macro.p) {
+                       undo->winleft = es->winleft;
+                       memmove(undo->cbuf, es->cbuf, es->linelen);
+                       undo->linelen = es->linelen;
+                       undo->cursor = es->cursor;
+                       lastac = argcnt;
+                       memmove(lastcmd, cmd, MAXVICMD);
+               }
+               switch (*cmd) {
+
+               case CTRL('l'):
+               case CTRL('r'):
+                       redraw_line(true);
+                       break;
+
+               case '@':
+                       {
+                               static char alias[] = "_\0";
+                               struct tbl *ap;
+                               size_t olen, nlen;
+                               char *p, *nbuf;
+
+                               /* lookup letter in alias list... */
+                               alias[1] = cmd[1];
+                               ap = ktsearch(&aliases, alias, hash(alias));
+                               if (!cmd[1] || !ap || !(ap->flag & ISSET))
+                                       return (-1);
+                               /* check if this is a recursive call... */
+                               if ((p = (char *)macro.p))
+                                       while ((p = strnul(p)) && p[1])
+                                               if (*++p == cmd[1])
+                                                       return (-1);
+                               /* insert alias into macro buffer */
+                               nlen = strlen(ap->val.s) + 1;
+                               olen = !macro.p ? 2 :
+                                   macro.len - (macro.p - macro.buf);
+                               /*
+                                * at this point, it's fairly reasonable that
+                                * nlen + olen + 2 doesn't overflow
+                                */
+                               nbuf = alloc(nlen + 1 + olen, AEDIT);
+                               memcpy(nbuf, ap->val.s, nlen);
+                               nbuf[nlen++] = cmd[1];
+                               if (macro.p) {
+                                       memcpy(nbuf + nlen, macro.p, olen);
+                                       afree(macro.buf, AEDIT);
+                                       nlen += olen;
+                               } else {
+                                       nbuf[nlen++] = '\0';
+                                       nbuf[nlen++] = '\0';
+                               }
+                               macro.p = macro.buf = (unsigned char *)nbuf;
+                               macro.len = nlen;
+                       }
+                       break;
+
+               case 'a':
+                       modified = 1;
+                       hnum = hlast;
+                       if (es->linelen != 0)
+                               es->cursor++;
+                       insert = INSERT;
+                       break;
+
+               case 'A':
+                       modified = 1;
+                       hnum = hlast;
+                       del_range(0, 0);
+                       es->cursor = es->linelen;
+                       insert = INSERT;
+                       break;
+
+               case 'S':
+                       es->cursor = domove(1, "^", 1);
+                       del_range(es->cursor, es->linelen);
+                       modified = 1;
+                       hnum = hlast;
+                       insert = INSERT;
+                       break;
+
+               case 'Y':
+                       cmd = "y$";
+                       /* ahhhhhh... */
+               case 'c':
+               case 'd':
+               case 'y':
+                       if (*cmd == cmd[1]) {
+                               c1 = *cmd == 'c' ? domove(1, "^", 1) : 0;
+                               c2 = es->linelen;
+                       } else if (!is_move(cmd[1]))
+                               return (-1);
+                       else {
+                               if ((ncursor = domove(argcnt, &cmd[1], 1)) < 0)
+                                       return (-1);
+                               if (*cmd == 'c' &&
+                                   (cmd[1] == 'w' || cmd[1] == 'W') &&
+                                   !ksh_isspace(es->cbuf[es->cursor])) {
+                                       do {
+                                               --ncursor;
+                                       } while (ksh_isspace(es->cbuf[ncursor]));
+                                       ncursor++;
+                               }
+                               if (ncursor > es->cursor) {
+                                       c1 = es->cursor;
+                                       c2 = ncursor;
+                               } else {
+                                       c1 = ncursor;
+                                       c2 = es->cursor;
+                                       if (cmd[1] == '%')
+                                               c2++;
+                               }
+                       }
+                       if (*cmd != 'c' && c1 != c2)
+                               yank_range(c1, c2);
+                       if (*cmd != 'y') {
+                               del_range(c1, c2);
+                               es->cursor = c1;
+                       }
+                       if (*cmd == 'c') {
+                               modified = 1;
+                               hnum = hlast;
+                               insert = INSERT;
+                       }
+                       break;
+
+               case 'p':
+                       modified = 1;
+                       hnum = hlast;
+                       if (es->linelen != 0)
+                               es->cursor++;
+                       while (putbuf(ybuf, yanklen, false) == 0 &&
+                           --argcnt > 0)
+                               ;
+                       if (es->cursor != 0)
+                               es->cursor--;
+                       if (argcnt != 0)
+                               return (-1);
+                       break;
+
+               case 'P':
+                       modified = 1;
+                       hnum = hlast;
+                       any = 0;
+                       while (putbuf(ybuf, yanklen, false) == 0 &&
+                           --argcnt > 0)
+                               any = 1;
+                       if (any && es->cursor != 0)
+                               es->cursor--;
+                       if (argcnt != 0)
+                               return (-1);
+                       break;
+
+               case 'C':
+                       modified = 1;
+                       hnum = hlast;
+                       del_range(es->cursor, es->linelen);
+                       insert = INSERT;
+                       break;
+
+               case 'D':
+                       yank_range(es->cursor, es->linelen);
+                       del_range(es->cursor, es->linelen);
+                       if (es->cursor != 0)
+                               es->cursor--;
+                       break;
+
+               case 'g':
+                       if (!argcnt)
+                               argcnt = hlast;
+                       /* FALLTHROUGH */
+               case 'G':
+                       if (!argcnt)
+                               argcnt = 1;
+                       else
+                               argcnt = hlast - (source->line - argcnt);
+                       if (grabhist(modified, argcnt - 1) < 0)
+                               return (-1);
+                       else {
+                               modified = 0;
+                               hnum = argcnt - 1;
+                       }
+                       break;
+
+               case 'i':
+                       modified = 1;
+                       hnum = hlast;
+                       insert = INSERT;
+                       break;
+
+               case 'I':
+                       modified = 1;
+                       hnum = hlast;
+                       es->cursor = domove(1, "^", 1);
+                       insert = INSERT;
+                       break;
+
+               case 'j':
+               case '+':
+               case CTRL('n'):
+                       if (grabhist(modified, hnum + argcnt) < 0)
+                               return (-1);
+                       else {
+                               modified = 0;
+                               hnum += argcnt;
+                       }
+                       break;
+
+               case 'k':
+               case '-':
+               case CTRL('p'):
+                       if (grabhist(modified, hnum - argcnt) < 0)
+                               return (-1);
+                       else {
+                               modified = 0;
+                               hnum -= argcnt;
+                       }
+                       break;
+
+               case 'r':
+                       if (es->linelen == 0)
+                               return (-1);
+                       modified = 1;
+                       hnum = hlast;
+                       if (cmd[1] == 0)
+                               vi_error();
+                       else {
+                               int n;
+
+                               if (es->cursor + argcnt > es->linelen)
+                                       return (-1);
+                               for (n = 0; n < argcnt; ++n)
+                                       es->cbuf[es->cursor + n] = cmd[1];
+                               es->cursor += n - 1;
+                       }
+                       break;
+
+               case 'R':
+                       modified = 1;
+                       hnum = hlast;
+                       insert = REPLACE;
+                       break;
+
+               case 's':
+                       if (es->linelen == 0)
+                               return (-1);
+                       modified = 1;
+                       hnum = hlast;
+                       if (es->cursor + argcnt > es->linelen)
+                               argcnt = es->linelen - es->cursor;
+                       del_range(es->cursor, es->cursor + argcnt);
+                       insert = INSERT;
+                       break;
+
+               case 'v':
+                       if (!argcnt) {
+                               if (es->linelen == 0)
+                                       return (-1);
+                               if (modified) {
+                                       es->cbuf[es->linelen] = '\0';
+                                       histsave(&source->line, es->cbuf,
+                                           HIST_STORE, true);
+                               } else
+                                       argcnt = source->line + 1 -
+                                           (hlast - hnum);
+                       }
+                       if (argcnt)
+                               shf_snprintf(es->cbuf, es->cbufsize, "%s %d",
+                                   "fc -e ${VISUAL:-${EDITOR:-vi}} --",
+                                   argcnt);
+                       else
+                               strlcpy(es->cbuf,
+                                   "fc -e ${VISUAL:-${EDITOR:-vi}} --",
+                                   es->cbufsize);
+                       es->linelen = strlen(es->cbuf);
+                       return (2);
+
+               case 'x':
+                       if (es->linelen == 0)
+                               return (-1);
+                       modified = 1;
+                       hnum = hlast;
+                       if (es->cursor + argcnt > es->linelen)
+                               argcnt = es->linelen - es->cursor;
+                       yank_range(es->cursor, es->cursor + argcnt);
+                       del_range(es->cursor, es->cursor + argcnt);
+                       break;
+
+               case 'X':
+                       if (es->cursor > 0) {
+                               modified = 1;
+                               hnum = hlast;
+                               if (es->cursor < argcnt)
+                                       argcnt = es->cursor;
+                               yank_range(es->cursor - argcnt, es->cursor);
+                               del_range(es->cursor - argcnt, es->cursor);
+                               es->cursor -= argcnt;
+                       } else
+                               return (-1);
+                       break;
+
+               case 'u':
+                       t = es;
+                       es = undo;
+                       undo = t;
+                       break;
+
+               case 'U':
+                       if (!modified)
+                               return (-1);
+                       if (grabhist(modified, ohnum) < 0)
+                               return (-1);
+                       modified = 0;
+                       hnum = ohnum;
+                       break;
+
+               case '?':
+                       if (hnum == hlast)
+                               hnum = -1;
+                       /* ahhh */
+               case '/':
+                       c3 = 1;
+                       srchlen = 0;
+                       lastsearch = *cmd;
+                       /* FALLTHROUGH */
+               case 'n':
+               case 'N':
+                       if (lastsearch == ' ')
+                               return (-1);
+                       if (lastsearch == '?')
+                               c1 = 1;
+                       else
+                               c1 = 0;
+                       if (*cmd == 'N')
+                               c1 = !c1;
+                       if ((c2 = grabsearch(modified, hnum,
+                           c1, srchpat)) < 0) {
+                               if (c3) {
+                                       restore_cbuf();
+                                       refresh(0);
+                               }
+                               return (-1);
+                       } else {
+                               modified = 0;
+                               hnum = c2;
+                               ohnum = hnum;
+                       }
+                       if (argcnt >= 2) {
+                               /* flag from cursor-up command */
+                               es->cursor = argcnt - 2;
+                               return (0);
+                       }
+                       break;
+               case '_':
+                       {
+                               bool inspace;
+                               char *p, *sp;
+
+                               if (histnum(-1) < 0)
+                                       return (-1);
+                               p = *histpos();
+#define issp(c)                (ksh_isspace(c) || (c) == '\n')
+                               if (argcnt) {
+                                       while (*p && issp(*p))
+                                               p++;
+                                       while (*p && --argcnt) {
+                                               while (*p && !issp(*p))
+                                                       p++;
+                                               while (*p && issp(*p))
+                                                       p++;
+                                       }
+                                       if (!*p)
+                                               return (-1);
+                                       sp = p;
+                               } else {
+                                       sp = p;
+                                       inspace = false;
+                                       while (*p) {
+                                               if (issp(*p))
+                                                       inspace = true;
+                                               else if (inspace) {
+                                                       inspace = false;
+                                                       sp = p;
+                                               }
+                                               p++;
+                                       }
+                                       p = sp;
+                               }
+                               modified = 1;
+                               hnum = hlast;
+                               if (es->cursor != es->linelen)
+                                       es->cursor++;
+                               while (*p && !issp(*p)) {
+                                       argcnt++;
+                                       p++;
+                               }
+                               if (putbuf(" ", 1, false) != 0 ||
+                                   putbuf(sp, argcnt, false) != 0) {
+                                       if (es->cursor != 0)
+                                               es->cursor--;
+                                       return (-1);
+                               }
+                               insert = INSERT;
+                       }
+                       break;
+
+               case '~':
+                       {
+                               char *p;
+                               int i;
+
+                               if (es->linelen == 0)
+                                       return (-1);
+                               for (i = 0; i < argcnt; i++) {
+                                       p = &es->cbuf[es->cursor];
+                                       if (ksh_islower(*p)) {
+                                               modified = 1;
+                                               hnum = hlast;
+                                               *p = ksh_toupper(*p);
+                                       } else if (ksh_isupper(*p)) {
+                                               modified = 1;
+                                               hnum = hlast;
+                                               *p = ksh_tolower(*p);
+                                       }
+                                       if (es->cursor < es->linelen - 1)
+                                               es->cursor++;
+                               }
+                               break;
+                       }
+
+               case '#':
+                       {
+                               int ret = x_do_comment(es->cbuf, es->cbufsize,
+                                   &es->linelen);
+                               if (ret >= 0)
+                                       es->cursor = 0;
+                               return (ret);
+                       }
+
+               /* AT&T ksh */
+               case '=':
+               /* Nonstandard vi/ksh */
+               case CTRL('e'):
+                       print_expansions(es, 1);
+                       break;
+
+
+               /* Nonstandard vi/ksh */
+               case CTRL('i'):
+                       if (!Flag(FVITABCOMPLETE))
+                               return (-1);
+                       complete_word(1, argcnt);
+                       break;
+
+               /* some annoying AT&T kshs */
+               case CTRL('['):
+                       if (!Flag(FVIESCCOMPLETE))
+                               return (-1);
+               /* AT&T ksh */
+               case '\\':
+               /* Nonstandard vi/ksh */
+               case CTRL('f'):
+                       complete_word(1, argcnt);
+                       break;
+
+
+               /* AT&T ksh */
+               case '*':
+               /* Nonstandard vi/ksh */
+               case CTRL('x'):
+                       expand_word(1);
+                       break;
+
+
+               /* mksh: cursor movement */
+               case '[':
+               case 'O':
+                       state = VPREFIX2;
+                       if (es->linelen != 0)
+                               es->cursor++;
+                       insert = INSERT;
+                       return (0);
+               }
+               if (insert == 0 && es->cursor != 0 && es->cursor >= es->linelen)
+                       es->cursor--;
+       }
+       return (0);
+}
+
+static int
+domove(int argcnt, const char *cmd, int sub)
+{
+       int ncursor = 0, i = 0, t;
+       unsigned int bcount;
+
+       switch (*cmd) {
+       case 'b':
+               if (!sub && es->cursor == 0)
+                       return (-1);
+               ncursor = backword(argcnt);
+               break;
+
+       case 'B':
+               if (!sub && es->cursor == 0)
+                       return (-1);
+               ncursor = Backword(argcnt);
+               break;
+
+       case 'e':
+               if (!sub && es->cursor + 1 >= es->linelen)
+                       return (-1);
+               ncursor = endword(argcnt);
+               if (sub && ncursor < es->linelen)
+                       ncursor++;
+               break;
+
+       case 'E':
+               if (!sub && es->cursor + 1 >= es->linelen)
+                       return (-1);
+               ncursor = Endword(argcnt);
+               if (sub && ncursor < es->linelen)
+                       ncursor++;
+               break;
+
+       case 'f':
+       case 'F':
+       case 't':
+       case 'T':
+               fsavecmd = *cmd;
+               fsavech = cmd[1];
+               /* drop through */
+
+       case ',':
+       case ';':
+               if (fsavecmd == ' ')
+                       return (-1);
+               i = fsavecmd == 'f' || fsavecmd == 'F';
+               t = fsavecmd > 'a';
+               if (*cmd == ',')
+                       t = !t;
+               if ((ncursor = findch(fsavech, argcnt, tobool(t),
+                   tobool(i))) < 0)
+                       return (-1);
+               if (sub && t)
+                       ncursor++;
+               break;
+
+       case 'h':
+       case CTRL('h'):
+               if (!sub && es->cursor == 0)
+                       return (-1);
+               ncursor = es->cursor - argcnt;
+               if (ncursor < 0)
+                       ncursor = 0;
+               break;
+
+       case ' ':
+       case 'l':
+               if (!sub && es->cursor + 1 >= es->linelen)
+                       return (-1);
+               if (es->linelen != 0) {
+                       ncursor = es->cursor + argcnt;
+                       if (ncursor > es->linelen)
+                               ncursor = es->linelen;
+               }
+               break;
+
+       case 'w':
+               if (!sub && es->cursor + 1 >= es->linelen)
+                       return (-1);
+               ncursor = forwword(argcnt);
+               break;
+
+       case 'W':
+               if (!sub && es->cursor + 1 >= es->linelen)
+                       return (-1);
+               ncursor = Forwword(argcnt);
+               break;
+
+       case '0':
+               ncursor = 0;
+               break;
+
+       case '^':
+               ncursor = 0;
+               while (ncursor < es->linelen - 1 &&
+                   ksh_isspace(es->cbuf[ncursor]))
+                       ncursor++;
+               break;
+
+       case '|':
+               ncursor = argcnt;
+               if (ncursor > es->linelen)
+                       ncursor = es->linelen;
+               if (ncursor)
+                       ncursor--;
+               break;
+
+       case '$':
+               if (es->linelen != 0)
+                       ncursor = es->linelen;
+               else
+                       ncursor = 0;
+               break;
+
+       case '%':
+               ncursor = es->cursor;
+               while (ncursor < es->linelen &&
+                   (i = bracktype(es->cbuf[ncursor])) == 0)
+                       ncursor++;
+               if (ncursor == es->linelen)
+                       return (-1);
+               bcount = 1;
+               do {
+                       if (i > 0) {
+                               if (++ncursor >= es->linelen)
+                                       return (-1);
+                       } else {
+                               if (--ncursor < 0)
+                                       return (-1);
+                       }
+                       t = bracktype(es->cbuf[ncursor]);
+                       if (t == i)
+                               bcount++;
+                       else if (t == -i)
+                               bcount--;
+               } while (bcount != 0);
+               if (sub && i > 0)
+                       ncursor++;
+               break;
+
+       default:
+               return (-1);
+       }
+       return (ncursor);
+}
+
+static int
+redo_insert(int count)
+{
+       while (count-- > 0)
+               if (putbuf(ibuf, inslen, tobool(insert == REPLACE)) != 0)
+                       return (-1);
+       if (es->cursor > 0)
+               es->cursor--;
+       insert = 0;
+       return (0);
+}
+
+static void
+yank_range(int a, int b)
+{
+       yanklen = b - a;
+       if (yanklen != 0)
+               memmove(ybuf, &es->cbuf[a], yanklen);
+}
+
+static int
+bracktype(int ch)
+{
+       switch (ch) {
+
+       case '(':
+               return (1);
+
+       case '[':
+               return (2);
+
+       case '{':
+               return (3);
+
+       case ')':
+               return (-1);
+
+       case ']':
+               return (-2);
+
+       case '}':
+               return (-3);
+
+       default:
+               return (0);
+       }
+}
+
+/*
+ *     Non user interface editor routines below here
+ */
+
+static void
+save_cbuf(void)
+{
+       memmove(holdbufp, es->cbuf, es->linelen);
+       holdlen = es->linelen;
+       holdbufp[holdlen] = '\0';
+}
+
+static void
+restore_cbuf(void)
+{
+       es->cursor = 0;
+       es->linelen = holdlen;
+       memmove(es->cbuf, holdbufp, holdlen);
+}
+
+/* return a new edstate */
+static struct edstate *
+save_edstate(struct edstate *old)
+{
+       struct edstate *news;
+
+       news = alloc(sizeof(struct edstate), AEDIT);
+       news->cbuf = alloc(old->cbufsize, AEDIT);
+       memcpy(news->cbuf, old->cbuf, old->linelen);
+       news->cbufsize = old->cbufsize;
+       news->linelen = old->linelen;
+       news->cursor = old->cursor;
+       news->winleft = old->winleft;
+       return (news);
+}
+
+static void
+restore_edstate(struct edstate *news, struct edstate *old)
+{
+       memcpy(news->cbuf, old->cbuf, old->linelen);
+       news->linelen = old->linelen;
+       news->cursor = old->cursor;
+       news->winleft = old->winleft;
+       free_edstate(old);
+}
+
+static void
+free_edstate(struct edstate *old)
+{
+       afree(old->cbuf, AEDIT);
+       afree(old, AEDIT);
+}
+
+/*
+ * this is used for calling x_escape() in complete_word()
+ */
+static int
+x_vi_putbuf(const char *s, size_t len)
+{
+       return (putbuf(s, len, false));
+}
+
+static int
+putbuf(const char *buf, ssize_t len, bool repl)
+{
+       if (len == 0)
+               return (0);
+       if (repl) {
+               if (es->cursor + len >= es->cbufsize)
+                       return (-1);
+               if (es->cursor + len > es->linelen)
+                       es->linelen = es->cursor + len;
+       } else {
+               if (es->linelen + len >= es->cbufsize)
+                       return (-1);
+               memmove(&es->cbuf[es->cursor + len], &es->cbuf[es->cursor],
+                   es->linelen - es->cursor);
+               es->linelen += len;
+       }
+       memmove(&es->cbuf[es->cursor], buf, len);
+       es->cursor += len;
+       return (0);
+}
+
+static void
+del_range(int a, int b)
+{
+       if (es->linelen != b)
+               memmove(&es->cbuf[a], &es->cbuf[b], es->linelen - b);
+       es->linelen -= b - a;
+}
+
+static int
+findch(int ch, int cnt, bool forw, bool incl)
+{
+       int ncursor;
+
+       if (es->linelen == 0)
+               return (-1);
+       ncursor = es->cursor;
+       while (cnt--) {
+               do {
+                       if (forw) {
+                               if (++ncursor == es->linelen)
+                                       return (-1);
+                       } else {
+                               if (--ncursor < 0)
+                                       return (-1);
+                       }
+               } while (es->cbuf[ncursor] != ch);
+       }
+       if (!incl) {
+               if (forw)
+                       ncursor--;
+               else
+                       ncursor++;
+       }
+       return (ncursor);
+}
+
+static int
+forwword(int argcnt)
+{
+       int ncursor;
+
+       ncursor = es->cursor;
+       while (ncursor < es->linelen && argcnt--) {
+               if (ksh_isalnux(es->cbuf[ncursor]))
+                       while (ksh_isalnux(es->cbuf[ncursor]) &&
+                           ncursor < es->linelen)
+                               ncursor++;
+               else if (!ksh_isspace(es->cbuf[ncursor]))
+                       while (!ksh_isalnux(es->cbuf[ncursor]) &&
+                           !ksh_isspace(es->cbuf[ncursor]) &&
+                           ncursor < es->linelen)
+                               ncursor++;
+               while (ksh_isspace(es->cbuf[ncursor]) &&
+                   ncursor < es->linelen)
+                       ncursor++;
+       }
+       return (ncursor);
+}
+
+static int
+backword(int argcnt)
+{
+       int ncursor;
+
+       ncursor = es->cursor;
+       while (ncursor > 0 && argcnt--) {
+               while (--ncursor > 0 && ksh_isspace(es->cbuf[ncursor]))
+                       ;
+               if (ncursor > 0) {
+                       if (ksh_isalnux(es->cbuf[ncursor]))
+                               while (--ncursor >= 0 &&
+                                   ksh_isalnux(es->cbuf[ncursor]))
+                                       ;
+                       else
+                               while (--ncursor >= 0 &&
+                                   !ksh_isalnux(es->cbuf[ncursor]) &&
+                                   !ksh_isspace(es->cbuf[ncursor]))
+                                       ;
+                       ncursor++;
+               }
+       }
+       return (ncursor);
+}
+
+static int
+endword(int argcnt)
+{
+       int ncursor;
+
+       ncursor = es->cursor;
+       while (ncursor < es->linelen && argcnt--) {
+               while (++ncursor < es->linelen - 1 &&
+                   ksh_isspace(es->cbuf[ncursor]))
+                       ;
+               if (ncursor < es->linelen - 1) {
+                       if (ksh_isalnux(es->cbuf[ncursor]))
+                               while (++ncursor < es->linelen &&
+                                   ksh_isalnux(es->cbuf[ncursor]))
+                                       ;
+                       else
+                               while (++ncursor < es->linelen &&
+                                   !ksh_isalnux(es->cbuf[ncursor]) &&
+                                   !ksh_isspace(es->cbuf[ncursor]))
+                                       ;
+                       ncursor--;
+               }
+       }
+       return (ncursor);
+}
+
+static int
+Forwword(int argcnt)
+{
+       int ncursor;
+
+       ncursor = es->cursor;
+       while (ncursor < es->linelen && argcnt--) {
+               while (!ksh_isspace(es->cbuf[ncursor]) &&
+                   ncursor < es->linelen)
+                       ncursor++;
+               while (ksh_isspace(es->cbuf[ncursor]) &&
+                   ncursor < es->linelen)
+                       ncursor++;
+       }
+       return (ncursor);
+}
+
+static int
+Backword(int argcnt)
+{
+       int ncursor;
+
+       ncursor = es->cursor;
+       while (ncursor > 0 && argcnt--) {
+               while (--ncursor >= 0 && ksh_isspace(es->cbuf[ncursor]))
+                       ;
+               while (ncursor >= 0 && !ksh_isspace(es->cbuf[ncursor]))
+                       ncursor--;
+               ncursor++;
+       }
+       return (ncursor);
+}
+
+static int
+Endword(int argcnt)
+{
+       int ncursor;
+
+       ncursor = es->cursor;
+       while (ncursor < es->linelen - 1 && argcnt--) {
+               while (++ncursor < es->linelen - 1 &&
+                   ksh_isspace(es->cbuf[ncursor]))
+                       ;
+               if (ncursor < es->linelen - 1) {
+                       while (++ncursor < es->linelen &&
+                           !ksh_isspace(es->cbuf[ncursor]))
+                               ;
+                       ncursor--;
+               }
+       }
+       return (ncursor);
+}
+
+static int
+grabhist(int save, int n)
+{
+       char *hptr;
+
+       if (n < 0 || n > hlast)
+               return (-1);
+       if (n == hlast) {
+               restore_cbuf();
+               ohnum = n;
+               return (0);
+       }
+       (void)histnum(n);
+       if ((hptr = *histpos()) == NULL) {
+               internal_warningf("grabhist: bad history array");
+               return (-1);
+       }
+       if (save)
+               save_cbuf();
+       if ((es->linelen = strlen(hptr)) >= es->cbufsize)
+               es->linelen = es->cbufsize - 1;
+       memmove(es->cbuf, hptr, es->linelen);
+       es->cursor = 0;
+       ohnum = n;
+       return (0);
+}
+
+static int
+grabsearch(int save, int start, int fwd, const char *pat)
+{
+       char *hptr;
+       int hist;
+       bool anchored;
+
+       if ((start == 0 && fwd == 0) || (start >= hlast - 1 && fwd == 1))
+               return (-1);
+       if (fwd)
+               start++;
+       else
+               start--;
+       anchored = *pat == '^' ? (++pat, true) : false;
+       if ((hist = findhist(start, fwd, pat, anchored)) < 0) {
+               /* (start != 0 && fwd && match(holdbufp, pat) >= 0) */
+               if (start != 0 && fwd && strcmp(holdbufp, pat) >= 0) {
+                       restore_cbuf();
+                       return (0);
+               } else
+                       return (-1);
+       }
+       if (save)
+               save_cbuf();
+       histnum(hist);
+       hptr = *histpos();
+       if ((es->linelen = strlen(hptr)) >= es->cbufsize)
+               es->linelen = es->cbufsize - 1;
+       memmove(es->cbuf, hptr, es->linelen);
+       es->cursor = 0;
+       return (hist);
+}
+
+static void
+redraw_line(bool newl)
+{
+       if (wbuf_len)
+               memset(wbuf[win], ' ', wbuf_len);
+       if (newl) {
+               x_putc('\r');
+               x_putc('\n');
+       }
+       if (prompt_trunc != -1)
+               pprompt(prompt, prompt_trunc);
+       x_col = pwidth;
+       morec = ' ';
+}
+
+static void
+refresh(int leftside)
+{
+       if (leftside < 0)
+               leftside = lastref;
+       else
+               lastref = leftside;
+       if (outofwin())
+               rewindow();
+       display(wbuf[1 - win], wbuf[win], leftside);
+       win = 1 - win;
+}
+
+static int
+outofwin(void)
+{
+       int cur, col;
+
+       if (es->cursor < es->winleft)
+               return (1);
+       col = 0;
+       cur = es->winleft;
+       while (cur < es->cursor)
+               col = newcol((unsigned char)es->cbuf[cur++], col);
+       if (col >= winwidth)
+               return (1);
+       return (0);
+}
+
+static void
+rewindow(void)
+{
+       int tcur, tcol;
+       int holdcur1, holdcol1;
+       int holdcur2, holdcol2;
+
+       holdcur1 = holdcur2 = tcur = 0;
+       holdcol1 = holdcol2 = tcol = 0;
+       while (tcur < es->cursor) {
+               if (tcol - holdcol2 > winwidth / 2) {
+                       holdcur1 = holdcur2;
+                       holdcol1 = holdcol2;
+                       holdcur2 = tcur;
+                       holdcol2 = tcol;
+               }
+               tcol = newcol((unsigned char)es->cbuf[tcur++], tcol);
+       }
+       while (tcol - holdcol1 > winwidth / 2)
+               holdcol1 = newcol((unsigned char)es->cbuf[holdcur1++],
+                   holdcol1);
+       es->winleft = holdcur1;
+}
+
+static int
+newcol(unsigned char ch, int col)
+{
+       if (ch == '\t')
+               return ((col | 7) + 1);
+       return (col + char_len(ch));
+}
+
+static void
+display(char *wb1, char *wb2, int leftside)
+{
+       unsigned char ch;
+       char *twb1, *twb2, mc;
+       int cur, col, cnt;
+       int ncol = 0;
+       int moreright;
+
+       col = 0;
+       cur = es->winleft;
+       moreright = 0;
+       twb1 = wb1;
+       while (col < winwidth && cur < es->linelen) {
+               if (cur == es->cursor && leftside)
+                       ncol = col + pwidth;
+               if ((ch = es->cbuf[cur]) == '\t')
+                       do {
+                               *twb1++ = ' ';
+                       } while (++col < winwidth && (col & 7) != 0);
+               else if (col < winwidth) {
+                       if (ISCTRL(ch) && /* but not C1 */ ch < 0x80) {
+                               *twb1++ = '^';
+                               if (++col < winwidth) {
+                                       *twb1++ = UNCTRL(ch);
+                                       col++;
+                               }
+                       } else {
+                               *twb1++ = ch;
+                               col++;
+                       }
+               }
+               if (cur == es->cursor && !leftside)
+                       ncol = col + pwidth - 1;
+               cur++;
+       }
+       if (cur == es->cursor)
+               ncol = col + pwidth;
+       if (col < winwidth) {
+               while (col < winwidth) {
+                       *twb1++ = ' ';
+                       col++;
+               }
+       } else
+               moreright++;
+       *twb1 = ' ';
+
+       col = pwidth;
+       cnt = winwidth;
+       twb1 = wb1;
+       twb2 = wb2;
+       while (cnt--) {
+               if (*twb1 != *twb2) {
+                       if (x_col != col)
+                               ed_mov_opt(col, wb1);
+                       x_putc(*twb1);
+                       x_col++;
+               }
+               twb1++;
+               twb2++;
+               col++;
+       }
+       if (es->winleft > 0 && moreright)
+               /*
+                * POSIX says to use * for this but that is a globbing
+                * character and may confuse people; + is more innocuous
+                */
+               mc = '+';
+       else if (es->winleft > 0)
+               mc = '<';
+       else if (moreright)
+               mc = '>';
+       else
+               mc = ' ';
+       if (mc != morec) {
+               ed_mov_opt(pwidth + winwidth + 1, wb1);
+               x_putc(mc);
+               x_col++;
+               morec = mc;
+       }
+       if (x_col != ncol)
+               ed_mov_opt(ncol, wb1);
+}
+
+static void
+ed_mov_opt(int col, char *wb)
+{
+       if (col < x_col) {
+               if (col + 1 < x_col - col) {
+                       x_putc('\r');
+                       if (prompt_trunc != -1)
+                               pprompt(prompt, prompt_trunc);
+                       x_col = pwidth;
+                       while (x_col++ < col)
+                               x_putcf(*wb++);
+               } else {
+                       while (x_col-- > col)
+                               x_putc('\b');
+               }
+       } else {
+               wb = &wb[x_col - pwidth];
+               while (x_col++ < col)
+                       x_putcf(*wb++);
+       }
+       x_col = col;
+}
+
+
+/* replace word with all expansions (ie, expand word*) */
+static int
+expand_word(int cmd)
+{
+       static struct edstate *buf;
+       int rval = 0, nwords, start, end, i;
+       char **words;
+
+       /* Undo previous expansion */
+       if (cmd == 0 && expanded == EXPAND && buf) {
+               restore_edstate(es, buf);
+               buf = 0;
+               expanded = NONE;
+               return (0);
+       }
+       if (buf) {
+               free_edstate(buf);
+               buf = 0;
+       }
+
+       i = XCF_COMMAND_FILE | XCF_FULLPATH;
+       nwords = x_cf_glob(&i, es->cbuf, es->linelen, es->cursor,
+           &start, &end, &words);
+       if (nwords == 0) {
+               vi_error();
+               return (-1);
+       }
+
+       buf = save_edstate(es);
+       expanded = EXPAND;
+       del_range(start, end);
+       es->cursor = start;
+       i = 0;
+       while (i < nwords) {
+               if (x_escape(words[i], strlen(words[i]), x_vi_putbuf) != 0) {
+                       rval = -1;
+                       break;
+               }
+               if (++i < nwords && putbuf(" ", 1, false) != 0) {
+                       rval = -1;
+                       break;
+               }
+       }
+       i = buf->cursor - end;
+       if (rval == 0 && i > 0)
+               es->cursor += i;
+       modified = 1;
+       hnum = hlast;
+       insert = INSERT;
+       lastac = 0;
+       refresh(0);
+       return (rval);
+}
+
+static int
+complete_word(int cmd, int count)
+{
+       static struct edstate *buf;
+       int rval, nwords, start, end, flags;
+       size_t match_len;
+       char **words;
+       char *match;
+       bool is_unique;
+
+       /* Undo previous completion */
+       if (cmd == 0 && expanded == COMPLETE && buf) {
+               print_expansions(buf, 0);
+               expanded = PRINT;
+               return (0);
+       }
+       if (cmd == 0 && expanded == PRINT && buf) {
+               restore_edstate(es, buf);
+               buf = 0;
+               expanded = NONE;
+               return (0);
+       }
+       if (buf) {
+               free_edstate(buf);
+               buf = 0;
+       }
+
+       /*
+        * XCF_FULLPATH for count 'cause the menu printed by
+        * print_expansions() was done this way.
+        */
+       flags = XCF_COMMAND_FILE;
+       if (count)
+               flags |= XCF_FULLPATH;
+       nwords = x_cf_glob(&flags, es->cbuf, es->linelen, es->cursor,
+           &start, &end, &words);
+       if (nwords == 0) {
+               vi_error();
+               return (-1);
+       }
+       if (count) {
+               int i;
+
+               count--;
+               if (count >= nwords) {
+                       vi_error();
+                       x_print_expansions(nwords, words,
+                           tobool(flags & XCF_IS_COMMAND));
+                       x_free_words(nwords, words);
+                       redraw_line(false);
+                       return (-1);
+               }
+               /*
+                * Expand the count'th word to its basename
+                */
+               if (flags & XCF_IS_COMMAND) {
+                       match = words[count] +
+                           x_basename(words[count], NULL);
+                       /* If more than one possible match, use full path */
+                       for (i = 0; i < nwords; i++)
+                               if (i != count &&
+                                   strcmp(words[i] + x_basename(words[i],
+                                   NULL), match) == 0) {
+                                       match = words[count];
+                                       break;
+                               }
+               } else
+                       match = words[count];
+               match_len = strlen(match);
+               is_unique = true;
+               /* expanded = PRINT;    next call undo */
+       } else {
+               match = words[0];
+               match_len = x_longest_prefix(nwords, words);
+               /* next call will list completions */
+               expanded = COMPLETE;
+               is_unique = nwords == 1;
+       }
+
+       buf = save_edstate(es);
+       del_range(start, end);
+       es->cursor = start;
+
+       /*
+        * escape all shell-sensitive characters and put the result into
+        * command buffer
+        */
+       rval = x_escape(match, match_len, x_vi_putbuf);
+
+       if (rval == 0 && is_unique) {
+               /*
+                * If exact match, don't undo. Allows directory completions
+                * to be used (ie, complete the next portion of the path).
+                */
+               expanded = NONE;
+
+               /*
+                * append a space if this is a non-directory match
+                * and not a parameter or homedir substitution
+                */
+               if (match_len > 0 && match[match_len - 1] != '/' &&
+                   !(flags & XCF_IS_NOSPACE))
+                       rval = putbuf(" ", 1, false);
+       }
+       x_free_words(nwords, words);
+
+       modified = 1;
+       hnum = hlast;
+       insert = INSERT;
+       /* prevent this from being redone... */
+       lastac = 0;
+       refresh(0);
+
+       return (rval);
+}
+
+static int
+print_expansions(struct edstate *est, int cmd MKSH_A_UNUSED)
+{
+       int start, end, nwords, i;
+       char **words;
+
+       i = XCF_COMMAND_FILE | XCF_FULLPATH;
+       nwords = x_cf_glob(&i, est->cbuf, est->linelen, est->cursor,
+           &start, &end, &words);
+       if (nwords == 0) {
+               vi_error();
+               return (-1);
+       }
+       x_print_expansions(nwords, words, tobool(i & XCF_IS_COMMAND));
+       x_free_words(nwords, words);
+       redraw_line(false);
+       return (0);
+}
+
+/* Similar to x_zotc(emacs.c), but no tab weirdness */
+static void
+x_vi_zotc(int c)
+{
+       if (ISCTRL(c)) {
+               x_putc('^');
+               c = UNCTRL(c);
+       }
+       x_putc(c);
+}
+
+static void
+vi_error(void)
+{
+       /* Beem out of any macros as soon as an error occurs */
+       vi_macro_reset();
+       x_putc(7);
+       x_flush();
+}
+
+static void
+vi_macro_reset(void)
+{
+       if (macro.p) {
+               afree(macro.buf, AEDIT);
+               memset((char *)&macro, 0, sizeof(macro));
+       }
+}
+#endif /* !MKSH_S_NOVI */
+
+/* called from main.c */
+void
+x_init(void)
+{
+       int i, j;
+
+       /*
+        * Set edchars to -2 to force initial binding, except
+        * we need default values for some deficient systems…
+        */
+       edchars.erase = edchars.kill = edchars.intr = edchars.quit =
+           edchars.eof = -2;
+       /* ^W */
+       edchars.werase = 027;
+
+       /* command line editing specific memory allocation */
+       ainit(AEDIT);
+       holdbufp = alloc(LINE, AEDIT);
+
+       /* initialise Emacs command line editing mode */
+       x_nextcmd = -1;
+
+       x_tab = alloc2(X_NTABS, sizeof(*x_tab), AEDIT);
+       for (j = 0; j < X_TABSZ; j++)
+               x_tab[0][j] = XFUNC_insert;
+       for (i = 1; i < X_NTABS; i++)
+               for (j = 0; j < X_TABSZ; j++)
+                       x_tab[i][j] = XFUNC_error;
+       for (i = 0; i < (int)NELEM(x_defbindings); i++)
+               x_tab[x_defbindings[i].xdb_tab][x_defbindings[i].xdb_char]
+                   = x_defbindings[i].xdb_func;
+
+#ifndef MKSH_SMALL
+       x_atab = alloc2(X_NTABS, sizeof(*x_atab), AEDIT);
+       for (i = 1; i < X_NTABS; i++)
+               for (j = 0; j < X_TABSZ; j++)
+                       x_atab[i][j] = NULL;
+#endif
+}
+
+#ifdef DEBUG_LEAKS
+void
+x_done(void)
+{
+       if (x_tab != NULL)
+               afreeall(AEDIT);
+}
+#endif
+#endif /* !MKSH_NO_CMDLINE_EDITING */
diff --git a/source/sh/emacsfn.h b/source/sh/emacsfn.h
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..ba14d09
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+/*-
+ * Copyright (c) 2009, 2010, 2015
+ *     mirabilos <m@mirbsd.org>
+ *
+ * Provided that these terms and disclaimer and all copyright notices
+ * are retained or reproduced in an accompanying document, permission
+ * is granted to deal in this work without restriction, including un-
+ * limited rights to use, publicly perform, distribute, sell, modify,
+ * merge, give away, or sublicence.
+ *
+ * This work is provided "AS IS" and WITHOUT WARRANTY of any kind, to
+ * the utmost extent permitted by applicable law, neither express nor
+ * implied; without malicious intent or gross negligence. In no event
+ * may a licensor, author or contributor be held liable for indirect,
+ * direct, other damage, loss, or other issues arising in any way out
+ * of dealing in the work, even if advised of the possibility of such
+ * damage or existence of a defect, except proven that it results out
+ * of said person's immediate fault when using the work as intended.
+ */
+
+#if defined(EMACSFN_DEFNS)
+__RCSID("$MirOS: src/bin/mksh/emacsfn.h,v 1.7 2015/12/12 21:08:44 tg Exp $");
+#define FN(cname,sname,flags)  static int x_##cname(int);
+#elif defined(EMACSFN_ENUMS)
+#define FN(cname,sname,flags)  XFUNC_##cname,
+#define F0(cname,sname,flags)  XFUNC_##cname = 0,
+#elif defined(EMACSFN_ITEMS)
+#define FN(cname,sname,flags)  { x_##cname, sname, flags },
+#endif
+
+#ifndef F0
+#define F0 FN
+#endif
+
+F0(abort, "abort", 0)
+FN(beg_hist, "beginning-of-history", 0)
+FN(cls, "clear-screen", 0)
+FN(comment, "comment", 0)
+FN(comp_comm, "complete-command", 0)
+FN(comp_file, "complete-file", 0)
+FN(comp_list, "complete-list", 0)
+FN(complete, "complete", 0)
+FN(del_back, "delete-char-backward", XF_ARG)
+FN(del_bword, "delete-word-backward", XF_ARG)
+FN(del_char, "delete-char-forward", XF_ARG)
+FN(del_fword, "delete-word-forward", XF_ARG)
+FN(del_line, "kill-line", 0)
+FN(draw_line, "redraw", 0)
+#ifndef MKSH_SMALL
+FN(edit_line, "edit-line", XF_ARG)
+#endif
+FN(end_hist, "end-of-history", 0)
+FN(end_of_text, "eot", 0)
+FN(enumerate, "list", 0)
+FN(eot_del, "eot-or-delete", XF_ARG)
+FN(error, "error", 0)
+FN(expand, "expand-file", 0)
+#ifndef MKSH_SMALL
+FN(fold_capitalise, "capitalize-word", XF_ARG)
+FN(fold_lower, "downcase-word", XF_ARG)
+FN(fold_upper, "upcase-word", XF_ARG)
+#endif
+FN(goto_hist, "goto-history", XF_ARG)
+#ifndef MKSH_SMALL
+FN(ins_string, "macro-string", XF_NOBIND)
+#endif
+FN(insert, "auto-insert", XF_ARG)
+FN(kill, "kill-to-eol", XF_ARG)
+FN(kill_region, "kill-region", 0)
+FN(list_comm, "list-command", 0)
+FN(list_file, "list-file", 0)
+FN(literal, "quote", 0)
+FN(meta1, "prefix-1", XF_PREFIX)
+FN(meta2, "prefix-2", XF_PREFIX)
+FN(meta3, "prefix-3", XF_PREFIX)
+FN(meta_yank, "yank-pop", 0)
+FN(mv_back, "backward-char", XF_ARG)
+FN(mv_begin, "beginning-of-line", 0)
+FN(mv_bword, "backward-word", XF_ARG)
+FN(mv_end, "end-of-line", 0)
+FN(mv_forw, "forward-char", XF_ARG)
+FN(mv_fword, "forward-word", XF_ARG)
+FN(newline, "newline", 0)
+FN(next_com, "down-history", XF_ARG)
+FN(nl_next_com, "newline-and-next", 0)
+FN(noop, "no-op", 0)
+FN(prev_com, "up-history", XF_ARG)
+FN(prev_histword, "prev-hist-word", XF_ARG)
+FN(search_char_back, "search-character-backward", XF_ARG)
+FN(search_char_forw, "search-character-forward", XF_ARG)
+FN(search_hist, "search-history", 0)
+#ifndef MKSH_SMALL
+FN(search_hist_dn, "search-history-down", 0)
+FN(search_hist_up, "search-history-up", 0)
+#endif
+FN(set_arg, "set-arg", XF_NOBIND)
+FN(set_mark, "set-mark-command", 0)
+FN(transpose, "transpose-chars", 0)
+FN(version, "version", 0)
+#ifndef MKSH_SMALL
+FN(vt_hack, "vt100-hack", XF_ARG)
+#endif
+FN(xchg_point_mark, "exchange-point-and-mark", 0)
+FN(yank, "yank", 0)
+
+#undef FN
+#undef F0
+#undef EMACSFN_DEFNS
+#undef EMACSFN_ENUMS
+#undef EMACSFN_ITEMS
diff --git a/source/sh/eval.c b/source/sh/eval.c
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..15a5206
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,1845 @@
+/*     $OpenBSD: eval.c,v 1.40 2013/09/14 20:09:30 millert Exp $       */
+
+/*-
+ * Copyright (c) 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010,
+ *              2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016
+ *     mirabilos <m@mirbsd.org>
+ *
+ * Provided that these terms and disclaimer and all copyright notices
+ * are retained or reproduced in an accompanying document, permission
+ * is granted to deal in this work without restriction, including un-
+ * limited rights to use, publicly perform, distribute, sell, modify,
+ * merge, give away, or sublicence.
+ *
+ * This work is provided "AS IS" and WITHOUT WARRANTY of any kind, to
+ * the utmost extent permitted by applicable law, neither express nor
+ * implied; without malicious intent or gross negligence. In no event
+ * may a licensor, author or contributor be held liable for indirect,
+ * direct, other damage, loss, or other issues arising in any way out
+ * of dealing in the work, even if advised of the possibility of such
+ * damage or existence of a defect, except proven that it results out
+ * of said person's immediate fault when using the work as intended.
+ */
+
+#include "sh.h"
+
+__RCSID("$MirOS: src/bin/mksh/eval.c,v 1.185 2016/02/26 19:05:21 tg Exp $");
+
+/*
+ * string expansion
+ *
+ * first pass: quoting, IFS separation, ~, ${}, $() and $(()) substitution.
+ * second pass: alternation ({,}), filename expansion (*?[]).
+ */
+
+/* expansion generator state */
+typedef struct {
+       /* not including an "int type;" member, see expand() */
+       /* string */
+       const char *str;
+       /* source */
+       union {
+               /* string[] */
+               const char **strv;
+               /* file */
+               struct shf *shf;
+       } u;
+       /* variable in ${var...} */
+       struct tbl *var;
+       /* split "$@" / call waitlast in $() */
+       bool split;
+} Expand;
+
+#define        XBASE           0       /* scanning original */
+#define        XSUB            1       /* expanding ${} string */
+#define        XARGSEP         2       /* ifs0 between "$*" */
+#define        XARG            3       /* expanding $*, $@ */
+#define        XCOM            4       /* expanding $() */
+#define XNULLSUB       5       /* "$@" when $# is 0 (don't generate word) */
+#define XSUBMID                6       /* middle of expanding ${} */
+
+/* States used for field splitting */
+#define IFS_WORD       0       /* word has chars (or quotes except "$@") */
+#define IFS_WS         1       /* have seen IFS white-space */
+#define IFS_NWS                2       /* have seen IFS non-white-space */
+#define IFS_IWS                3       /* begin of word, ignore IFS WS */
+#define IFS_QUOTE      4       /* beg.w/quote, become IFS_WORD unless "$@" */
+
+static int varsub(Expand *, const char *, const char *, int *, int *);
+static int comsub(Expand *, const char *, int);
+static char *valsub(struct op *, Area *);
+static char *trimsub(char *, char *, int);
+static void glob(char *, XPtrV *, bool);
+static void globit(XString *, char **, char *, XPtrV *, int);
+static const char *maybe_expand_tilde(const char *, XString *, char **, bool);
+#ifndef MKSH_NOPWNAM
+static char *homedir(char *);
+#endif
+static void alt_expand(XPtrV *, char *, char *, char *, int);
+static int utflen(const char *) MKSH_A_PURE;
+static void utfincptr(const char *, mksh_ari_t *);
+
+/* UTFMODE functions */
+static int
+utflen(const char *s)
+{
+       size_t n;
+
+       if (UTFMODE) {
+               n = 0;
+               while (*s) {
+                       s += utf_ptradj(s);
+                       ++n;
+               }
+       } else
+               n = strlen(s);
+
+       if (n > 2147483647)
+               n = 2147483647;
+       return ((int)n);
+}
+
+static void
+utfincptr(const char *s, mksh_ari_t *lp)
+{
+       const char *cp = s;
+
+       while ((*lp)--)
+               cp += utf_ptradj(cp);
+       *lp = cp - s;
+}
+
+/* compile and expand word */
+char *
+substitute(const char *cp, int f)
+{
+       struct source *s, *sold;
+
+       sold = source;
+       s = pushs(SWSTR, ATEMP);
+       s->start = s->str = cp;
+       source = s;
+       if (yylex(ONEWORD) != LWORD)
+               internal_errorf(Tbadsubst);
+       source = sold;
+       afree(s, ATEMP);
+       return (evalstr(yylval.cp, f));
+}
+
+/*
+ * expand arg-list
+ */
+char **
+eval(const char **ap, int f)
+{
+       XPtrV w;
+
+       if (*ap == NULL) {
+               union mksh_ccphack vap;
+
+               vap.ro = ap;
+               return (vap.rw);
+       }
+       XPinit(w, 32);
+       /* space for shell name */
+       XPput(w, NULL);
+       while (*ap != NULL)
+               expand(*ap++, &w, f);
+       XPput(w, NULL);
+       return ((char **)XPclose(w) + 1);
+}
+
+/*
+ * expand string
+ */
+char *
+evalstr(const char *cp, int f)
+{
+       XPtrV w;
+       char *dp = null;
+
+       XPinit(w, 1);
+       expand(cp, &w, f);
+       if (XPsize(w))
+               dp = *XPptrv(w);
+       XPfree(w);
+       return (dp);
+}
+
+/*
+ * expand string - return only one component
+ * used from iosetup to expand redirection files
+ */
+char *
+evalonestr(const char *cp, int f)
+{
+       XPtrV w;
+       char *rv;
+
+       XPinit(w, 1);
+       expand(cp, &w, f);
+       switch (XPsize(w)) {
+       case 0:
+               rv = null;
+               break;
+       case 1:
+               rv = (char *) *XPptrv(w);
+               break;
+       default:
+               rv = evalstr(cp, f&~DOGLOB);
+               break;
+       }
+       XPfree(w);
+       return (rv);
+}
+
+/* for nested substitution: ${var:=$var2} */
+typedef struct SubType {
+       struct tbl *var;        /* variable for ${var..} */
+       struct SubType *prev;   /* old type */
+       struct SubType *next;   /* poped type (to avoid re-allocating) */
+       size_t  base;           /* begin position of expanded word */
+       short   stype;          /* [=+-?%#] action after expanded word */
+       short   f;              /* saved value of f (DOPAT, etc) */
+       uint8_t quotep;         /* saved value of quote (for ${..[%#]..}) */
+       uint8_t quotew;         /* saved value of quote (for ${..[+-=]..}) */
+} SubType;
+
+void
+expand(
+    /* input word */
+    const char *ccp,
+    /* output words */
+    XPtrV *wp,
+    /* DO* flags */
+    int f)
+{
+       int c = 0;
+       /* expansion type */
+       int type;
+       /* quoted */
+       int quote = 0;
+       /* destination string and live pointer */
+       XString ds;
+       char *dp;
+       /* source */
+       const char *sp;
+       /* second pass flags */
+       int fdo;
+       /* have word */
+       int word;
+       /* field splitting of parameter/command substitution */
+       int doblank;
+       /* expansion variables */
+       Expand x = {
+               NULL, { NULL }, NULL, 0
+       };
+       SubType st_head, *st;
+       /* record number of trailing newlines in COMSUB */
+       int newlines = 0;
+       bool saw_eq, make_magic;
+       unsigned int tilde_ok;
+       size_t len;
+       char *cp;
+
+       if (ccp == NULL)
+               internal_errorf("expand(NULL)");
+       /* for alias, readonly, set, typeset commands */
+       if ((f & DOVACHECK) && is_wdvarassign(ccp)) {
+               f &= ~(DOVACHECK | DOBLANK | DOGLOB | DOTILDE);
+               f |= DOASNTILDE | DOSCALAR;
+       }
+       if (Flag(FNOGLOB))
+               f &= ~DOGLOB;
+       if (Flag(FMARKDIRS))
+               f |= DOMARKDIRS;
+       if (Flag(FBRACEEXPAND) && (f & DOGLOB))
+               f |= DOBRACE;
+
+       /* init destination string */
+       Xinit(ds, dp, 128, ATEMP);
+       type = XBASE;
+       sp = ccp;
+       fdo = 0;
+       saw_eq = false;
+       /* must be 1/0 */
+       tilde_ok = (f & (DOTILDE | DOASNTILDE)) ? 1 : 0;
+       doblank = 0;
+       make_magic = false;
+       word = (f&DOBLANK) ? IFS_WS : IFS_WORD;
+       /* clang doesn't know OSUBST comes before CSUBST */
+       memset(&st_head, 0, sizeof(st_head));
+       st = &st_head;
+
+       while (/* CONSTCOND */ 1) {
+               Xcheck(ds, dp);
+
+               switch (type) {
+               case XBASE:
+                       /* original prefixed string */
+                       c = *sp++;
+                       switch (c) {
+                       case EOS:
+                               c = 0;
+                               break;
+                       case CHAR:
+                               c = *sp++;
+                               break;
+                       case QCHAR:
+                               /* temporary quote */
+                               quote |= 2;
+                               c = *sp++;
+                               break;
+                       case OQUOTE:
+                               if (word != IFS_WORD)
+                                       word = IFS_QUOTE;
+                               tilde_ok = 0;
+                               quote = 1;
+                               continue;
+                       case CQUOTE:
+                               if (word == IFS_QUOTE)
+                                       word = IFS_WORD;
+                               quote = st->quotew;
+                               continue;
+                       case COMSUB:
+                       case FUNSUB:
+                       case VALSUB:
+                               tilde_ok = 0;
+                               if (f & DONTRUNCOMMAND) {
+                                       word = IFS_WORD;
+                                       *dp++ = '$';
+                                       *dp++ = c == COMSUB ? '(' : '{';
+                                       if (c != COMSUB)
+                                               *dp++ = c == FUNSUB ? ' ' : '|';
+                                       while (*sp != '\0') {
+                                               Xcheck(ds, dp);
+                                               *dp++ = *sp++;
+                                       }
+                                       if (c != COMSUB) {
+                                               *dp++ = ';';
+                                               *dp++ = '}';
+                                       } else
+                                               *dp++ = ')';
+                               } else {
+                                       type = comsub(&x, sp, c);
+                                       if (type != XBASE && (f & DOBLANK))
+                                               doblank++;
+                                       sp = strnul(sp) + 1;
+                                       newlines = 0;
+                               }
+                               continue;
+                       case EXPRSUB:
+                               tilde_ok = 0;
+                               if (f & DONTRUNCOMMAND) {
+                                       word = IFS_WORD;
+                                       *dp++ = '$'; *dp++ = '('; *dp++ = '(';
+                                       while (*sp != '\0') {
+                                               Xcheck(ds, dp);
+                                               *dp++ = *sp++;
+                                       }
+                                       *dp++ = ')'; *dp++ = ')';
+                               } else {
+                                       struct tbl v;
+
+                                       v.flag = DEFINED|ISSET|INTEGER;
+                                       /* not default */
+                                       v.type = 10;
+                                       v.name[0] = '\0';
+                                       v_evaluate(&v, substitute(sp, 0),
+                                           KSH_UNWIND_ERROR, true);
+                                       sp = strnul(sp) + 1;
+                                       x.str = str_val(&v);
+                                       type = XSUB;
+                                       if (f & DOBLANK)
+                                               doblank++;
+                               }
+                               continue;
+                       case OSUBST: {
+                               /* ${{#}var{:}[=+-?#%]word} */
+                       /*-
+                        * format is:
+                        *      OSUBST [{x] plain-variable-part \0
+                        *          compiled-word-part CSUBST [}x]
+                        * This is where all syntax checking gets done...
+                        */
+                               /* skip the { or x (}) */
+                               const char *varname = ++sp;
+                               int stype;
+                               int slen = 0;
+
+                               /* skip variable */
+                               sp = cstrchr(sp, '\0') + 1;
+                               type = varsub(&x, varname, sp, &stype, &slen);
+                               if (type < 0) {
+                                       char *beg, *end, *str;
+ unwind_substsyn:
+                                       /* restore sp */
+                                       sp = varname - 2;
+                                       beg = wdcopy(sp, ATEMP);
+                                       end = (wdscan(cstrchr(sp, '\0') + 1,
+                                           CSUBST) - sp) + beg;
+                                       /* ({) the } or x is already skipped */
+                                       if (end < wdscan(beg, EOS))
+                                               *end = EOS;
+                                       str = snptreef(NULL, 64, "%S", beg);
+                                       afree(beg, ATEMP);
+                                       errorf("%s: %s", str, Tbadsubst);
+                               }
+                               if (f & DOBLANK)
+                                       doblank++;
+                               tilde_ok = 0;
+                               if (word == IFS_QUOTE && type != XNULLSUB)
+                                       word = IFS_WORD;
+                               if (type == XBASE) {
+                                       /* expand? */
+                                       if (!st->next) {
+                                               SubType *newst;
+
+                                               newst = alloc(sizeof(SubType), ATEMP);
+                                               newst->next = NULL;
+                                               newst->prev = st;
+                                               st->next = newst;
+                                       }
+                                       st = st->next;
+                                       st->stype = stype;
+                                       st->base = Xsavepos(ds, dp);
+                                       st->f = f;
+                                       if (x.var == vtemp) {
+                                               st->var = tempvar(vtemp->name);
+                                               st->var->flag &= ~INTEGER;
+                                               /* can't fail here */
+                                               setstr(st->var,
+                                                   str_val(x.var),
+                                                   KSH_RETURN_ERROR | 0x4);
+                                       } else
+                                               st->var = x.var;
+
+                                       st->quotew = st->quotep = quote;
+                                       /* skip qualifier(s) */
+                                       if (stype)
+                                               sp += slen;
+                                       switch (stype & 0x17F) {
+                                       case 0x100 | '#':
+                                               x.str = shf_smprintf("%08X",
+                                                   (unsigned int)hash(str_val(st->var)));
+                                               break;
+                                       case 0x100 | 'Q': {
+                                               struct shf shf;
+
+                                               shf_sopen(NULL, 0, SHF_WR|SHF_DYNAMIC, &shf);
+                                               print_value_quoted(&shf, str_val(st->var));
+                                               x.str = shf_sclose(&shf);
+                                               break;
+                                           }
+                                       case '0': {
+                                               char *beg, *mid, *end, *stg;
+                                               mksh_ari_t from = 0, num = -1, flen, finc = 0;
+
+                                               beg = wdcopy(sp, ATEMP);
+                                               mid = beg + (wdscan(sp, ADELIM) - sp);
+                                               stg = beg + (wdscan(sp, CSUBST) - sp);
+                                               mid[-2] = EOS;
+                                               if (mid[-1] == /*{*/'}') {
+                                                       sp += mid - beg - 1;
+                                                       end = NULL;
+                                               } else {
+                                                       end = mid +
+                                                           (wdscan(mid, ADELIM) - mid);
+                                                       if (end[-1] != /*{*/ '}')
+                                                               /* more than max delimiters */
+                                                               goto unwind_substsyn;
+                                                       end[-2] = EOS;
+                                                       sp += end - beg - 1;
+                                               }
+                                               evaluate(substitute(stg = wdstrip(beg, 0), 0),
+                                                   &from, KSH_UNWIND_ERROR, true);
+                                               afree(stg, ATEMP);
+                                               if (end) {
+                                                       evaluate(substitute(stg = wdstrip(mid, 0), 0),
+                                                           &num, KSH_UNWIND_ERROR, true);
+                                                       afree(stg, ATEMP);
+                                               }
+                                               afree(beg, ATEMP);
+                                               beg = str_val(st->var);
+                                               flen = utflen(beg);
+                                               if (from < 0) {
+                                                       if (-from < flen)
+                                                               finc = flen + from;
+                                               } else
+                                                       finc = from < flen ? from : flen;
+                                               if (UTFMODE)
+                                                       utfincptr(beg, &finc);
+                                               beg += finc;
+                                               flen = utflen(beg);
+                                               if (num < 0 || num > flen)
+                                                       num = flen;
+                                               if (UTFMODE)
+                                                       utfincptr(beg, &num);
+                                               strndupx(x.str, beg, num, ATEMP);
+                                               goto do_CSUBST;
+                                           }
+                                       case '/': {
+                                               char *s, *p, *d, *sbeg, *end;
+                                               char *pat, *rrep;
+                                               char fpat = 0, *tpat1, *tpat2;
+
+                                               s = wdcopy(sp, ATEMP);
+                                               p = s + (wdscan(sp, ADELIM) - sp);
+                                               d = s + (wdscan(sp, CSUBST) - sp);
+                                               p[-2] = EOS;
+                                               if (p[-1] == /*{*/'}')
+                                                       d = NULL;
+                                               else
+                                                       d[-2] = EOS;
+                                               sp += (d ? d : p) - s - 1;
+                                               if (!(stype & 0x80) &&
+                                                   s[0] == CHAR &&
+                                                   (s[1] == '#' || s[1] == '%'))
+                                                       fpat = s[1];
+                                               pat = evalstr(s + (fpat ? 2 : 0),
+                                                   DOTILDE | DOSCALAR | DOPAT);
+                                               rrep = d ? evalstr(p,
+                                                   DOTILDE | DOSCALAR) : null;
+                                               afree(s, ATEMP);
+
+                                               /* check for special cases */
+                                               if (!*pat && !fpat) {
+                                                       /*
+                                                        * empty unanchored
+                                                        * pattern => reject
+                                                        */
+                                                       goto no_repl;
+                                               }
+                                               if ((stype & 0x80) &&
+                                                   gmatchx(null, pat, false)) {
+                                                       /*
+                                                        * pattern matches empty
+                                                        * string => don't loop
+                                                        */
+                                                       stype &= ~0x80;
+                                               }
+
+                                               /* prepare string on which to work */
+                                               strdupx(s, str_val(st->var), ATEMP);
+                                               sbeg = s;
+
+                                               /* first see if we have any match at all */
+                                               if (fpat == '#') {
+                                                       /* anchor at the beginning */
+                                                       tpat1 = shf_smprintf("%s%c*", pat, MAGIC);
+                                                       tpat2 = tpat1;
+                                               } else if (fpat == '%') {
+                                                       /* anchor at the end */
+                                                       tpat1 = shf_smprintf("%c*%s", MAGIC, pat);
+                                                       tpat2 = pat;
+                                               } else {
+                                                       /* float */
+                                                       tpat1 = shf_smprintf("%c*%s%c*", MAGIC, pat, MAGIC);
+                                                       tpat2 = tpat1 + 2;
+                                               }
+ again_repl:
+                                               /*
+                                                * this would not be necessary if gmatchx would return
+                                                * the start and end values of a match found, like re*
+                                                */
+                                               if (!gmatchx(sbeg, tpat1, false))
+                                                       goto end_repl;
+                                               end = strnul(s);
+                                               /* now anchor the beginning of the match */
+                                               if (fpat != '#')
+                                                       while (sbeg <= end) {
+                                                               if (gmatchx(sbeg, tpat2, false))
+                                                                       break;
+                                                               else
+                                                                       sbeg++;
+                                                       }
+                                               /* now anchor the end of the match */
+                                               p = end;
+                                               if (fpat != '%')
+                                                       while (p >= sbeg) {
+                                                               bool gotmatch;
+
+                                                               c = *p;
+                                                               *p = '\0';
+                                                               gotmatch = tobool(gmatchx(sbeg, pat, false));
+                                                               *p = c;
+                                                               if (gotmatch)
+                                                                       break;
+                                                               p--;
+                                                       }
+                                               strndupx(end, s, sbeg - s, ATEMP);
+                                               d = shf_smprintf("%s%s%s", end, rrep, p);
+                                               afree(end, ATEMP);
+                                               sbeg = d + (sbeg - s) + strlen(rrep);
+                                               afree(s, ATEMP);
+                                               s = d;
+                                               if (stype & 0x80)
+                                                       goto again_repl;
+ end_repl:
+                                               afree(tpat1, ATEMP);
+                                               x.str = s;
+ no_repl:
+                                               afree(pat, ATEMP);
+                                               if (rrep != null)
+                                                       afree(rrep, ATEMP);
+                                               goto do_CSUBST;
+                                           }
+                                       case '#':
+                                       case '%':
+                                               /* ! DOBLANK,DOBRACE */
+                                               f = (f & DONTRUNCOMMAND) |
+                                                   DOPAT | DOTILDE |
+                                                   DOTEMP | DOSCALAR;
+                                               tilde_ok = 1;
+                                               st->quotew = quote = 0;
+                                               /*
+                                                * Prepend open pattern (so |
+                                                * in a trim will work as
+                                                * expected)
+                                                */
+                                               if (!Flag(FSH)) {
+                                                       *dp++ = MAGIC;
+                                                       *dp++ = 0x80 | '@';
+                                               }
+                                               break;
+                                       case '=':
+                                               /*
+                                                * Enabling tilde expansion
+                                                * after :s here is
+                                                * non-standard ksh, but is
+                                                * consistent with rules for
+                                                * other assignments. Not
+                                                * sure what POSIX thinks of
+                                                * this.
+                                                * Not doing tilde expansion
+                                                * for integer variables is a
+                                                * non-POSIX thing - makes
+                                                * sense though, since ~ is
+                                                * a arithmetic operator.
+                                                */
+                                               if (!(x.var->flag & INTEGER))
+                                                       f |= DOASNTILDE | DOTILDE;
+                                               f |= DOTEMP;
+                                               /*
+                                                * These will be done after the
+                                                * value has been assigned.
+                                                */
+                                               f &= ~(DOBLANK|DOGLOB|DOBRACE);
+                                               tilde_ok = 1;
+                                               break;
+                                       case '?':
+                                               if (*sp == CSUBST)
+                                                       errorf("%s: parameter null or not set",
+                                                           st->var->name);
+                                               f &= ~DOBLANK;
+                                               f |= DOTEMP;
+                                               /* FALLTHROUGH */
+                                       default:
+                                               /* '-' '+' '?' */
+                                               if (quote)
+                                                       word = IFS_WORD;
+                                               else if (dp == Xstring(ds, dp))
+                                                       word = IFS_IWS;
+                                               /* Enable tilde expansion */
+                                               tilde_ok = 1;
+                                               f |= DOTILDE;
+                                       }
+                               } else
+                                       /* skip word */
+                                       sp += wdscan(sp, CSUBST) - sp;
+                               continue;
+                           }
+                       case CSUBST:
+                               /* only get here if expanding word */
+ do_CSUBST:
+                               /* ({) skip the } or x */
+                               sp++;
+                               /* in case of ${unset:-} */
+                               tilde_ok = 0;
+                               *dp = '\0';
+                               quote = st->quotep;
+                               f = st->f;
+                               if (f & DOBLANK)
+                                       doblank--;
+                               switch (st->stype & 0x17F) {
+                               case '#':
+                               case '%':
+                                       if (!Flag(FSH)) {
+                                               /* Append end-pattern */
+                                               *dp++ = MAGIC;
+                                               *dp++ = ')';
+                                       }
+                                       *dp = '\0';
+                                       dp = Xrestpos(ds, dp, st->base);
+                                       /*
+                                        * Must use st->var since calling
+                                        * global would break things
+                                        * like x[i+=1].
+                                        */
+                                       x.str = trimsub(str_val(st->var),
+                                               dp, st->stype);
+                                       if (x.str[0] != '\0') {
+                                               word = IFS_IWS;
+                                               type = XSUB;
+                                       } else if (quote) {
+                                               word = IFS_WORD;
+                                               type = XSUB;
+                                       } else {
+                                               if (dp == Xstring(ds, dp))
+                                                       word = IFS_IWS;
+                                               type = XNULLSUB;
+                                       }
+                                       if (f & DOBLANK)
+                                               doblank++;
+                                       st = st->prev;
+                                       continue;
+                               case '=':
+                                       /*
+                                        * Restore our position and substitute
+                                        * the value of st->var (may not be
+                                        * the assigned value in the presence
+                                        * of integer/right-adj/etc attributes).
+                                        */
+                                       dp = Xrestpos(ds, dp, st->base);
+                                       /*
+                                        * Must use st->var since calling
+                                        * global would cause with things
+                                        * like x[i+=1] to be evaluated twice.
+                                        */
+                                       /*
+                                        * Note: not exported by FEXPORT
+                                        * in AT&T ksh.
+                                        */
+                                       /*
+                                        * XXX POSIX says readonly is only
+                                        * fatal for special builtins (setstr
+                                        * does readonly check).
+                                        */
+                                       len = strlen(dp) + 1;
+                                       setstr(st->var,
+                                           debunk(alloc(len, ATEMP),
+                                           dp, len), KSH_UNWIND_ERROR);
+                                       x.str = str_val(st->var);
+                                       type = XSUB;
+                                       if (f & DOBLANK)
+                                               doblank++;
+                                       st = st->prev;
+                                       word = quote || (!*x.str && (f & DOSCALAR)) ? IFS_WORD : IFS_IWS;
+                                       continue;
+                               case '?':
+                                       dp = Xrestpos(ds, dp, st->base);
+
+                                       errorf("%s: %s", st->var->name,
+                                           debunk(dp, dp, strlen(dp) + 1));
+                                       break;
+                               case '0':
+                               case '/':
+                               case 0x100 | '#':
+                               case 0x100 | 'Q':
+                                       dp = Xrestpos(ds, dp, st->base);
+                                       type = XSUB;
+                                       word = quote || (!*x.str && (f & DOSCALAR)) ? IFS_WORD : IFS_IWS;
+                                       if (f & DOBLANK)
+                                               doblank++;
+                                       st = st->prev;
+                                       continue;
+                               /* default: '-' '+' */
+                               }
+                               st = st->prev;
+                               type = XBASE;
+                               continue;
+
+                       case OPAT:
+                               /* open pattern: *(foo|bar) */
+                               /* Next char is the type of pattern */
+                               make_magic = true;
+                               c = *sp++ | 0x80;
+                               break;
+
+                       case SPAT:
+                               /* pattern separator (|) */
+                               make_magic = true;
+                               c = '|';
+                               break;
+
+                       case CPAT:
+                               /* close pattern */
+                               make_magic = true;
+                               c = /*(*/ ')';
+                               break;
+                       }
+                       break;
+
+               case XNULLSUB:
+                       /*
+                        * Special case for "$@" (and "${foo[@]}") - no
+                        * word is generated if $# is 0 (unless there is
+                        * other stuff inside the quotes).
+                        */
+                       type = XBASE;
+                       if (f & DOBLANK) {
+                               doblank--;
+                               if (dp == Xstring(ds, dp) && word != IFS_WORD)
+                                       word = IFS_IWS;
+                       }
+                       continue;
+
+               case XSUB:
+               case XSUBMID:
+                       if ((c = *x.str++) == 0) {
+                               type = XBASE;
+                               if (f & DOBLANK)
+                                       doblank--;
+                               continue;
+                       }
+                       break;
+
+               case XARGSEP:
+                       type = XARG;
+                       quote = 1;
+                       /* FALLTHROUGH */
+               case XARG:
+                       if ((c = *x.str++) == '\0') {
+                               /*
+                                * force null words to be created so
+                                * set -- "" 2 ""; echo "$@" will do
+                                * the right thing
+                                */
+                               if (quote && x.split)
+                                       word = IFS_WORD;
+                               if ((x.str = *x.u.strv++) == NULL) {
+                                       type = XBASE;
+                                       if (f & DOBLANK)
+                                               doblank--;
+                                       continue;
+                               }
+                               c = ifs0;
+                               if ((f & DOHEREDOC)) {
+                                       /* pseudo-field-split reliably */
+                                       if (c == 0)
+                                               c = ' ';
+                                       break;
+                               }
+                               if ((f & DOSCALAR)) {
+                                       /* do not field-split */
+                                       if (x.split) {
+                                               c = ' ';
+                                               break;
+                                       }
+                                       if (c == 0)
+                                               continue;
+                               }
+                               if (c == 0) {
+                                       if (quote && !x.split)
+                                               continue;
+                                       if (!quote && word == IFS_WS)
+                                               continue;
+                                       /* this is so we don't terminate */
+                                       c = ' ';
+                                       /* now force-emit a word */
+                                       goto emit_word;
+                               }
+                               if (quote && x.split) {
+                                       /* terminate word for "$@" */
+                                       type = XARGSEP;
+                                       quote = 0;
+                               }
+                       }
+                       break;
+
+               case XCOM:
+                       if (x.u.shf == NULL) {
+                               /* $(<...) failed */
+                               subst_exstat = 1;
+                               /* fake EOF */
+                               c = -1;
+                       } else if (newlines) {
+                               /* spit out saved NLs */
+                               c = '\n';
+                               --newlines;
+                       } else {
+                               while ((c = shf_getc(x.u.shf)) == 0 || c == '\n')
+                                       if (c == '\n')
+                                               /* save newlines */
+                                               newlines++;
+                               if (newlines && c != -1) {
+                                       shf_ungetc(c, x.u.shf);
+                                       c = '\n';
+                                       --newlines;
+                               }
+                       }
+                       if (c == -1) {
+                               newlines = 0;
+                               if (x.u.shf)
+                                       shf_close(x.u.shf);
+                               if (x.split)
+                                       subst_exstat = waitlast();
+                               type = XBASE;
+                               if (f & DOBLANK)
+                                       doblank--;
+                               continue;
+                       }
+                       break;
+               }
+
+               /* check for end of word or IFS separation */
+               if (c == 0 || (!quote && (f & DOBLANK) && doblank &&
+                   !make_magic && ctype(c, C_IFS))) {
+                       /*-
+                        * How words are broken up:
+                        *                      |       value of c
+                        *      word            |       ws      nws     0
+                        *      -----------------------------------
+                        *      IFS_WORD                w/WS    w/NWS   w
+                        *      IFS_WS                  -/WS    -/NWS   -
+                        *      IFS_NWS                 -/NWS   w/NWS   -
+                        *      IFS_IWS                 -/WS    w/NWS   -
+                        * (w means generate a word)
+                        */
+                       if ((word == IFS_WORD) || (word == IFS_QUOTE) || (c &&
+                           (word == IFS_IWS || word == IFS_NWS) &&
+                           !ctype(c, C_IFSWS))) {
+ emit_word:
+                               if (f & DOHERESTR)
+                                       *dp++ = '\n';
+                               *dp++ = '\0';
+                               cp = Xclose(ds, dp);
+                               if (fdo & DOBRACE)
+                                       /* also does globbing */
+                                       alt_expand(wp, cp, cp,
+                                           cp + Xlength(ds, (dp - 1)),
+                                           fdo | (f & DOMARKDIRS));
+                               else if (fdo & DOGLOB)
+                                       glob(cp, wp, tobool(f & DOMARKDIRS));
+                               else if ((f & DOPAT) || !(fdo & DOMAGIC))
+                                       XPput(*wp, cp);
+                               else
+                                       XPput(*wp, debunk(cp, cp,
+                                           strlen(cp) + 1));
+                               fdo = 0;
+                               saw_eq = false;
+                               /* must be 1/0 */
+                               tilde_ok = (f & (DOTILDE | DOASNTILDE)) ? 1 : 0;
+                               if (c == 0)
+                                       return;
+                               Xinit(ds, dp, 128, ATEMP);
+                       } else if (c == 0) {
+                               return;
+                       } else if (type == XSUB && ctype(c, C_IFS) &&
+                           !ctype(c, C_IFSWS) && Xlength(ds, dp) == 0) {
+                               *(cp = alloc(1, ATEMP)) = '\0';
+                               XPput(*wp, cp);
+                               type = XSUBMID;
+                       }
+                       if (word != IFS_NWS)
+                               word = ctype(c, C_IFSWS) ? IFS_WS : IFS_NWS;
+               } else {
+                       if (type == XSUB) {
+                               if (word == IFS_NWS &&
+                                   Xlength(ds, dp) == 0) {
+                                       *(cp = alloc(1, ATEMP)) = '\0';
+                                       XPput(*wp, cp);
+                               }
+                               type = XSUBMID;
+                       }
+
+                       /* age tilde_ok info - ~ code tests second bit */
+                       tilde_ok <<= 1;
+                       /* mark any special second pass chars */
+                       if (!quote)
+                               switch (c) {
+                               case '[':
+                               case '!':
+                               case '-':
+                               case ']':
+                                       /*
+                                        * For character classes - doesn't hurt
+                                        * to have magic !,-,]s outside of
+                                        * [...] expressions.
+                                        */
+                                       if (f & (DOPAT | DOGLOB)) {
+                                               fdo |= DOMAGIC;
+                                               if (c == '[')
+                                                       fdo |= f & DOGLOB;
+                                               *dp++ = MAGIC;
+                                       }
+                                       break;
+                               case '*':
+                               case '?':
+                                       if (f & (DOPAT | DOGLOB)) {
+                                               fdo |= DOMAGIC | (f & DOGLOB);
+                                               *dp++ = MAGIC;
+                                       }
+                                       break;
+                               case '{':
+                               case '}':
+                               case ',':
+                                       if ((f & DOBRACE) && (c == '{' /*}*/ ||
+                                           (fdo & DOBRACE))) {
+                                               fdo |= DOBRACE|DOMAGIC;
+                                               *dp++ = MAGIC;
+                                       }
+                                       break;
+                               case '=':
+                                       /* Note first unquoted = for ~ */
+                                       if (!(f & DOTEMP) && (!Flag(FPOSIX) ||
+                                           (f & DOASNTILDE)) && !saw_eq) {
+                                               saw_eq = true;
+                                               tilde_ok = 1;
+                                       }
+                                       break;
+                               case ':':
+                                       /* : */
+                                       /* Note unquoted : for ~ */
+                                       if (!(f & DOTEMP) && (f & DOASNTILDE))
+                                               tilde_ok = 1;
+                                       break;
+                               case '~':
+                                       /*
+                                        * tilde_ok is reset whenever
+                                        * any of ' " $( $(( ${ } are seen.
+                                        * Note that tilde_ok must be preserved
+                                        * through the sequence ${A=a=}~
+                                        */
+                                       if (type == XBASE &&
+                                           (f & (DOTILDE | DOASNTILDE)) &&
+                                           (tilde_ok & 2)) {
+                                               const char *tcp;
+                                               char *tdp = dp;
+
+                                               tcp = maybe_expand_tilde(sp,
+                                                   &ds, &tdp,
+                                                   tobool(f & DOASNTILDE));
+                                               if (tcp) {
+                                                       if (dp != tdp)
+                                                               word = IFS_WORD;
+                                                       dp = tdp;
+                                                       sp = tcp;
+                                                       continue;
+                                               }
+                                       }
+                                       break;
+                               }
+                       else
+                               /* undo temporary */
+                               quote &= ~2;
+
+                       if (make_magic) {
+                               make_magic = false;
+                               fdo |= DOMAGIC | (f & DOGLOB);
+                               *dp++ = MAGIC;
+                       } else if (ISMAGIC(c)) {
+                               fdo |= DOMAGIC;
+                               *dp++ = MAGIC;
+                       }
+                       /* save output char */
+                       *dp++ = c;
+                       word = IFS_WORD;
+               }
+       }
+}
+
+static bool
+hasnonempty(const char **strv)
+{
+       size_t i = 0;
+
+       while (strv[i])
+               if (*strv[i++])
+                       return (true);
+       return (false);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Prepare to generate the string returned by ${} substitution.
+ */
+static int
+varsub(Expand *xp, const char *sp, const char *word,
+    int *stypep,       /* becomes qualifier type */
+    int *slenp)                /* " " len (=, :=, etc.) valid iff *stypep != 0 */
+{
+       int c;
+       int state;      /* next state: XBASE, XARG, XSUB, XNULLSUB */
+       int stype;      /* substitution type */
+       int slen;
+       const char *p;
+       struct tbl *vp;
+       bool zero_ok = false;
+
+       if ((stype = sp[0]) == '\0')
+               /* Bad variable name */
+               return (-1);
+
+       xp->var = NULL;
+
+       /*-
+        * ${#var}, string length (-U: characters, +U: octets) or array size
+        * ${%var}, string width (-U: screen columns, +U: octets)
+        */
+       c = sp[1];
+       if (stype == '%' && c == '\0')
+               return (-1);
+       if ((stype == '#' || stype == '%') && c != '\0') {
+               /* Can't have any modifiers for ${#...} or ${%...} */
+               if (*word != CSUBST)
+                       return (-1);
+               sp++;
+               /* Check for size of array */
+               if ((p = cstrchr(sp, '[')) && (p[1] == '*' || p[1] == '@') &&
+                   p[2] == ']') {
+                       int n = 0;
+
+                       if (stype != '#')
+                               return (-1);
+                       vp = global(arrayname(sp));
+                       if (vp->flag & (ISSET|ARRAY))
+                               zero_ok = true;
+                       for (; vp; vp = vp->u.array)
+                               if (vp->flag & ISSET)
+                                       n++;
+                       c = n;
+               } else if (c == '*' || c == '@') {
+                       if (stype != '#')
+                               return (-1);
+                       c = e->loc->argc;
+               } else {
+                       p = str_val(global(sp));
+                       zero_ok = p != null;
+                       if (stype == '#')
+                               c = utflen(p);
+                       else {
+                               /* partial utf_mbswidth reimplementation */
+                               const char *s = p;
+                               unsigned int wc;
+                               size_t len;
+                               int cw;
+
+                               c = 0;
+                               while (*s) {
+                                       if (!UTFMODE || (len = utf_mbtowc(&wc,
+                                           s)) == (size_t)-1)
+                                               /* not UTFMODE or not UTF-8 */
+                                               wc = (unsigned char)(*s++);
+                                       else
+                                               /* UTFMODE and UTF-8 */
+                                               s += len;
+                                       /* wc == char or wchar at s++ */
+                                       if ((cw = utf_wcwidth(wc)) == -1) {
+                                               /* 646, 8859-1, 10646 C0/C1 */
+                                               c = -1;
+                                               break;
+                                       }
+                                       c += cw;
+                               }
+                       }
+               }
+               if (Flag(FNOUNSET) && c == 0 && !zero_ok)
+                       errorf("%s: parameter not set", sp);
+               /* unqualified variable/string substitution */
+               *stypep = 0;
+               xp->str = shf_smprintf("%d", c);
+               return (XSUB);
+       }
+
+       /* Check for qualifiers in word part */
+       stype = 0;
+       c = word[slen = 0] == CHAR ? word[1] : 0;
+       if (c == ':') {
+               slen += 2;
+               stype = 0x80;
+               c = word[slen + 0] == CHAR ? word[slen + 1] : 0;
+       }
+       if (!stype && c == '/') {
+               slen += 2;
+               stype = c;
+               if (word[slen] == ADELIM && word[slen + 1] == c) {
+                       slen += 2;
+                       stype |= 0x80;
+               }
+       } else if (stype == 0x80 && (c == ' ' || c == '0')) {
+               stype |= '0';
+       } else if (ctype(c, C_SUBOP1)) {
+               slen += 2;
+               stype |= c;
+       } else if (ctype(c, C_SUBOP2)) {
+               /* Note: ksh88 allows :%, :%%, etc */
+               slen += 2;
+               stype = c;
+               if (word[slen + 0] == CHAR && c == word[slen + 1]) {
+                       stype |= 0x80;
+                       slen += 2;
+               }
+       } else if (c == '@') {
+               /* @x where x is command char */
+               slen += 2;
+               stype |= 0x100;
+               if (word[slen] == CHAR) {
+                       stype |= word[slen + 1];
+                       slen += 2;
+               }
+       } else if (stype)
+               /* : is not ok */
+               return (-1);
+       if (!stype && *word != CSUBST)
+               return (-1);
+       *stypep = stype;
+       *slenp = slen;
+
+       c = sp[0];
+       if (c == '*' || c == '@') {
+               switch (stype & 0x17F) {
+               /* can't assign to a vector */
+               case '=':
+               /* can't trim a vector (yet) */
+               case '%':
+               case '#':
+               case '?':
+               case '0':
+               case '/':
+               case 0x100 | '#':
+               case 0x100 | 'Q':
+                       return (-1);
+               }
+               if (e->loc->argc == 0) {
+                       xp->str = null;
+                       xp->var = global(sp);
+                       state = c == '@' ? XNULLSUB : XSUB;
+               } else {
+                       xp->u.strv = (const char **)e->loc->argv + 1;
+                       xp->str = *xp->u.strv++;
+                       /* $@ */
+                       xp->split = tobool(c == '@');
+                       state = XARG;
+               }
+               /* POSIX 2009? */
+               zero_ok = true;
+       } else {
+               if ((p = cstrchr(sp, '[')) && (p[1] == '*' || p[1] == '@') &&
+                   p[2] == ']') {
+                       XPtrV wv;
+
+                       switch (stype & 0x17F) {
+                       /* can't assign to a vector */
+                       case '=':
+                       /* can't trim a vector (yet) */
+                       case '%':
+                       case '#':
+                       case '?':
+                       case '0':
+                       case '/':
+                       case 0x100 | '#':
+                       case 0x100 | 'Q':
+                               return (-1);
+                       }
+                       XPinit(wv, 32);
+                       if ((c = sp[0]) == '!')
+                               ++sp;
+                       vp = global(arrayname(sp));
+                       for (; vp; vp = vp->u.array) {
+                               if (!(vp->flag&ISSET))
+                                       continue;
+                               XPput(wv, c == '!' ? shf_smprintf("%lu",
+                                   arrayindex(vp)) :
+                                   str_val(vp));
+                       }
+                       if (XPsize(wv) == 0) {
+                               xp->str = null;
+                               state = p[1] == '@' ? XNULLSUB : XSUB;
+                               XPfree(wv);
+                       } else {
+                               XPput(wv, 0);
+                               xp->u.strv = (const char **)XPptrv(wv);
+                               xp->str = *xp->u.strv++;
+                               /* ${foo[@]} */
+                               xp->split = tobool(p[1] == '@');
+                               state = XARG;
+                       }
+               } else {
+                       /* Can't assign things like $! or $1 */
+                       if ((stype & 0x17F) == '=' &&
+                           ctype(*sp, C_VAR1 | C_DIGIT))
+                               return (-1);
+                       if (*sp == '!' && sp[1]) {
+                               ++sp;
+                               xp->var = global(sp);
+                               if (vstrchr(sp, '['))
+                                       xp->str = shf_smprintf("%s[%lu]",
+                                           xp->var->name,
+                                           arrayindex(xp->var));
+                               else
+                                       xp->str = xp->var->name;
+                       } else {
+                               xp->var = global(sp);
+                               xp->str = str_val(xp->var);
+                       }
+                       state = XSUB;
+               }
+       }
+
+       c = stype & 0x7F;
+       /* test the compiler's code generator */
+       if (((stype < 0x100) && (ctype(c, C_SUBOP2) || c == '/' ||
+           (((stype & 0x80) ? *xp->str == '\0' : xp->str == null) &&
+           (state != XARG || (ifs0 || xp->split ?
+           (xp->u.strv[0] == NULL) : !hasnonempty(xp->u.strv))) ?
+           c == '=' || c == '-' || c == '?' : c == '+'))) ||
+           stype == (0x80 | '0') || stype == (0x100 | '#') ||
+           stype == (0x100 | 'Q'))
+               /* expand word instead of variable value */
+               state = XBASE;
+       if (Flag(FNOUNSET) && xp->str == null && !zero_ok &&
+           (ctype(c, C_SUBOP2) || (state != XBASE && c != '+')))
+               errorf("%s: parameter not set", sp);
+       return (state);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Run the command in $(...) and read its output.
+ */
+static int
+comsub(Expand *xp, const char *cp, int fn MKSH_A_UNUSED)
+{
+       Source *s, *sold;
+       struct op *t;
+       struct shf *shf;
+       uint8_t old_utfmode = UTFMODE;
+
+       s = pushs(SSTRING, ATEMP);
+       s->start = s->str = cp;
+       sold = source;
+       t = compile(s, true);
+       afree(s, ATEMP);
+       source = sold;
+
+       UTFMODE = old_utfmode;
+
+       if (t == NULL)
+               return (XBASE);
+
+       /* no waitlast() unless specifically enabled later */
+       xp->split = false;
+
+       if (t->type == TCOM &&
+           *t->args == NULL && *t->vars == NULL && t->ioact != NULL) {
+               /* $(<file) */
+               struct ioword *io = *t->ioact;
+               char *name;
+
+               if ((io->ioflag & IOTYPE) != IOREAD)
+                       errorf("%s: %s", T_funny_command,
+                           snptreef(NULL, 32, "%R", io));
+               shf = shf_open(name = evalstr(io->ioname, DOTILDE), O_RDONLY,
+                       0, SHF_MAPHI | SHF_CLEXEC);
+               if (shf == NULL)
+                       warningf(!Flag(FTALKING), "%s: %s %s: %s", name,
+                           "can't open", "$(<...) input", cstrerror(errno));
+       } else if (fn == FUNSUB) {
+               int ofd1;
+               struct temp *tf = NULL;
+
+               /*
+                * create a temporary file, open for reading and writing,
+                * with an shf open for reading (buffered) but yet unused
+                */
+               maketemp(ATEMP, TT_FUNSUB, &tf);
+               if (!tf->shf) {
+                       errorf("can't %s temporary file %s: %s",
+                           "create", tf->tffn, cstrerror(errno));
+               }
+               /* extract shf from temporary file, unlink and free it */
+               shf = tf->shf;
+               unlink(tf->tffn);
+               afree(tf, ATEMP);
+               /* save stdout and let it point to the tempfile */
+               ofd1 = savefd(1);
+               ksh_dup2(shf_fileno(shf), 1, false);
+               /*
+                * run tree, with output thrown into the tempfile,
+                * in a new function block
+                */
+               valsub(t, NULL);
+               subst_exstat = exstat & 0xFF;
+               /* rewind the tempfile and restore regular stdout */
+               lseek(shf_fileno(shf), (off_t)0, SEEK_SET);
+               restfd(1, ofd1);
+       } else if (fn == VALSUB) {
+               xp->str = valsub(t, ATEMP);
+               subst_exstat = exstat & 0xFF;
+               return (XSUB);
+       } else {
+               int ofd1, pv[2];
+
+               openpipe(pv);
+               shf = shf_fdopen(pv[0], SHF_RD, NULL);
+               ofd1 = savefd(1);
+               if (pv[1] != 1) {
+                       ksh_dup2(pv[1], 1, false);
+                       close(pv[1]);
+               }
+               execute(t, XXCOM | XPIPEO | XFORK, NULL);
+               restfd(1, ofd1);
+               startlast();
+               /* waitlast() */
+               xp->split = true;
+       }
+
+       xp->u.shf = shf;
+       return (XCOM);
+}
+
+/*
+ * perform #pattern and %pattern substitution in ${}
+ */
+static char *
+trimsub(char *str, char *pat, int how)
+{
+       char *end = strnul(str);
+       char *p, c;
+
+       switch (how & 0xFF) {
+       case '#':
+               /* shortest match at beginning */
+               for (p = str; p <= end; p += utf_ptradj(p)) {
+                       c = *p; *p = '\0';
+                       if (gmatchx(str, pat, false)) {
+                               *p = c;
+                               return (p);
+                       }
+                       *p = c;
+               }
+               break;
+       case '#'|0x80:
+               /* longest match at beginning */
+               for (p = end; p >= str; p--) {
+                       c = *p; *p = '\0';
+                       if (gmatchx(str, pat, false)) {
+                               *p = c;
+                               return (p);
+                       }
+                       *p = c;
+               }
+               break;
+       case '%':
+               /* shortest match at end */
+               p = end;
+               while (p >= str) {
+                       if (gmatchx(p, pat, false))
+                               goto trimsub_match;
+                       if (UTFMODE) {
+                               char *op = p;
+                               while ((p-- > str) && ((*p & 0xC0) == 0x80))
+                                       ;
+                               if ((p < str) || (p + utf_ptradj(p) != op))
+                                       p = op - 1;
+                       } else
+                               --p;
+               }
+               break;
+       case '%'|0x80:
+               /* longest match at end */
+               for (p = str; p <= end; p++)
+                       if (gmatchx(p, pat, false)) {
+ trimsub_match:
+                               strndupx(end, str, p - str, ATEMP);
+                               return (end);
+                       }
+               break;
+       }
+
+       /* no match, return string */
+       return (str);
+}
+
+/*
+ * glob
+ * Name derived from V6's /etc/glob, the program that expanded filenames.
+ */
+
+/* XXX cp not const 'cause slashes are temporarily replaced with NULs... */
+static void
+glob(char *cp, XPtrV *wp, bool markdirs)
+{
+       int oldsize = XPsize(*wp);
+
+       if (glob_str(cp, wp, markdirs) == 0)
+               XPput(*wp, debunk(cp, cp, strlen(cp) + 1));
+       else
+               qsort(XPptrv(*wp) + oldsize, XPsize(*wp) - oldsize,
+                   sizeof(void *), xstrcmp);
+}
+
+#define GF_NONE                0
+#define GF_EXCHECK     BIT(0)          /* do existence check on file */
+#define GF_GLOBBED     BIT(1)          /* some globbing has been done */
+#define GF_MARKDIR     BIT(2)          /* add trailing / to directories */
+
+/*
+ * Apply file globbing to cp and store the matching files in wp. Returns
+ * the number of matches found.
+ */
+int
+glob_str(char *cp, XPtrV *wp, bool markdirs)
+{
+       int oldsize = XPsize(*wp);
+       XString xs;
+       char *xp;
+
+       Xinit(xs, xp, 256, ATEMP);
+       globit(&xs, &xp, cp, wp, markdirs ? GF_MARKDIR : GF_NONE);
+       Xfree(xs, xp);
+
+       return (XPsize(*wp) - oldsize);
+}
+
+static void
+globit(XString *xs,    /* dest string */
+    char **xpp,                /* ptr to dest end */
+    char *sp,          /* source path */
+    XPtrV *wp,         /* output list */
+    int check)         /* GF_* flags */
+{
+       char *np;               /* next source component */
+       char *xp = *xpp;
+       char *se;
+       char odirsep;
+
+       /* This to allow long expansions to be interrupted */
+       intrcheck();
+
+       if (sp == NULL) {
+               /* end of source path */
+               /*
+                * We only need to check if the file exists if a pattern
+                * is followed by a non-pattern (eg, foo*x/bar; no check
+                * is needed for foo* since the match must exist) or if
+                * any patterns were expanded and the markdirs option is set.
+                * Symlinks make things a bit tricky...
+                */
+               if ((check & GF_EXCHECK) ||
+                   ((check & GF_MARKDIR) && (check & GF_GLOBBED))) {
+#define stat_check()   (stat_done ? stat_done : (stat_done = \
+                           stat(Xstring(*xs, xp), &statb) < 0 ? -1 : 1))
+                       struct stat lstatb, statb;
+                       /* -1: failed, 1 ok, 0 not yet done */
+                       int stat_done = 0;
+
+                       if (mksh_lstat(Xstring(*xs, xp), &lstatb) < 0)
+                               return;
+                       /*
+                        * special case for systems which strip trailing
+                        * slashes from regular files (eg, /etc/passwd/).
+                        * SunOS 4.1.3 does this...
+                        */
+                       if ((check & GF_EXCHECK) && xp > Xstring(*xs, xp) &&
+                           xp[-1] == '/' && !S_ISDIR(lstatb.st_mode) &&
+                           (!S_ISLNK(lstatb.st_mode) ||
+                           stat_check() < 0 || !S_ISDIR(statb.st_mode)))
+                               return;
+                       /*
+                        * Possibly tack on a trailing / if there isn't already
+                        * one and if the file is a directory or a symlink to a
+                        * directory
+                        */
+                       if (((check & GF_MARKDIR) && (check & GF_GLOBBED)) &&
+                           xp > Xstring(*xs, xp) && xp[-1] != '/' &&
+                           (S_ISDIR(lstatb.st_mode) ||
+                           (S_ISLNK(lstatb.st_mode) && stat_check() > 0 &&
+                           S_ISDIR(statb.st_mode)))) {
+                               *xp++ = '/';
+                               *xp = '\0';
+                       }
+               }
+               strndupx(np, Xstring(*xs, xp), Xlength(*xs, xp), ATEMP);
+               XPput(*wp, np);
+               return;
+       }
+
+       if (xp > Xstring(*xs, xp))
+               *xp++ = '/';
+       while (*sp == '/') {
+               Xcheck(*xs, xp);
+               *xp++ = *sp++;
+       }
+       np = strchr(sp, '/');
+       if (np != NULL) {
+               se = np;
+               /* don't assume '/', can be multiple kinds */
+               odirsep = *np;
+               *np++ = '\0';
+       } else {
+               odirsep = '\0'; /* keep gcc quiet */
+               se = sp + strlen(sp);
+       }
+
+
+       /*
+        * Check if sp needs globbing - done to avoid pattern checks for strings
+        * containing MAGIC characters, open [s without the matching close ],
+        * etc. (otherwise opendir() will be called which may fail because the
+        * directory isn't readable - if no globbing is needed, only execute
+        * permission should be required (as per POSIX)).
+        */
+       if (!has_globbing(sp, se)) {
+               XcheckN(*xs, xp, se - sp + 1);
+               debunk(xp, sp, Xnleft(*xs, xp));
+               xp += strlen(xp);
+               *xpp = xp;
+               globit(xs, xpp, np, wp, check);
+       } else {
+               DIR *dirp;
+               struct dirent *d;
+               char *name;
+               size_t len, prefix_len;
+
+               /* xp = *xpp;   copy_non_glob() may have re-alloc'd xs */
+               *xp = '\0';
+               prefix_len = Xlength(*xs, xp);
+               dirp = opendir(prefix_len ? Xstring(*xs, xp) : ".");
+               if (dirp == NULL)
+                       goto Nodir;
+               while ((d = readdir(dirp)) != NULL) {
+                       name = d->d_name;
+                       if (name[0] == '.' &&
+                           (name[1] == 0 || (name[1] == '.' && name[2] == 0)))
+                               /* always ignore . and .. */
+                               continue;
+                       if ((*name == '.' && *sp != '.') ||
+                           !gmatchx(name, sp, true))
+                               continue;
+
+                       len = strlen(d->d_name) + 1;
+                       XcheckN(*xs, xp, len);
+                       memcpy(xp, name, len);
+                       *xpp = xp + len - 1;
+                       globit(xs, xpp, np, wp,
+                               (check & GF_MARKDIR) | GF_GLOBBED
+                               | (np ? GF_EXCHECK : GF_NONE));
+                       xp = Xstring(*xs, xp) + prefix_len;
+               }
+               closedir(dirp);
+ Nodir:
+               ;
+       }
+
+       if (np != NULL)
+               *--np = odirsep;
+}
+
+/* remove MAGIC from string */
+char *
+debunk(char *dp, const char *sp, size_t dlen)
+{
+       char *d;
+       const char *s;
+
+       if ((s = cstrchr(sp, MAGIC))) {
+               if (s - sp >= (ssize_t)dlen)
+                       return (dp);
+               memmove(dp, sp, s - sp);
+               for (d = dp + (s - sp); *s && (d - dp < (ssize_t)dlen); s++)
+                       if (!ISMAGIC(*s) || !(*++s & 0x80) ||
+                           !vstrchr("*+?@! ", *s & 0x7f))
+                               *d++ = *s;
+                       else {
+                               /* extended pattern operators: *+?@! */
+                               if ((*s & 0x7f) != ' ')
+                                       *d++ = *s & 0x7f;
+                               if (d - dp < (ssize_t)dlen)
+                                       *d++ = '(';
+                       }
+               *d = '\0';
+       } else if (dp != sp)
+               strlcpy(dp, sp, dlen);
+       return (dp);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Check if p is an unquoted name, possibly followed by a / or :. If so
+ * puts the expanded version in *dcp,dp and returns a pointer in p just
+ * past the name, otherwise returns 0.
+ */
+static const char *
+maybe_expand_tilde(const char *p, XString *dsp, char **dpp, bool isassign)
+{
+       XString ts;
+       char *dp = *dpp;
+       char *tp;
+       const char *r;
+
+       Xinit(ts, tp, 16, ATEMP);
+       /* : only for DOASNTILDE form */
+       while (p[0] == CHAR && p[1] != '/' && (!isassign || p[1] != ':'))
+       {
+               Xcheck(ts, tp);
+               *tp++ = p[1];
+               p += 2;
+       }
+       *tp = '\0';
+       r = (p[0] == EOS || p[0] == CHAR || p[0] == CSUBST) ?
+           do_tilde(Xstring(ts, tp)) : NULL;
+       Xfree(ts, tp);
+       if (r) {
+               while (*r) {
+                       Xcheck(*dsp, dp);
+                       if (ISMAGIC(*r))
+                               *dp++ = MAGIC;
+                       *dp++ = *r++;
+               }
+               *dpp = dp;
+               r = p;
+       }
+       return (r);
+}
+
+/*
+ * tilde expansion
+ *
+ * based on a version by Arnold Robbins
+ */
+
+char *
+do_tilde(char *cp)
+{
+       char *dp = null;
+
+       if (cp[0] == '\0')
+               dp = str_val(global("HOME"));
+       else if (cp[0] == '+' && cp[1] == '\0')
+               dp = str_val(global("PWD"));
+       else if (ksh_isdash(cp))
+               dp = str_val(global("OLDPWD"));
+#ifndef MKSH_NOPWNAM
+       else
+               dp = homedir(cp);
+#endif
+       /* If HOME, PWD or OLDPWD are not set, don't expand ~ */
+       return (dp == null ? NULL : dp);
+}
+
+#ifndef MKSH_NOPWNAM
+/*
+ * map userid to user's home directory.
+ * note that 4.3's getpw adds more than 6K to the shell,
+ * and the YP version probably adds much more.
+ * we might consider our own version of getpwnam() to keep the size down.
+ */
+static char *
+homedir(char *name)
+{
+       struct tbl *ap;
+
+       ap = ktenter(&homedirs, name, hash(name));
+       if (!(ap->flag & ISSET)) {
+               struct passwd *pw;
+
+               pw = getpwnam(name);
+               if (pw == NULL)
+                       return (NULL);
+               strdupx(ap->val.s, pw->pw_dir, APERM);
+               ap->flag |= DEFINED|ISSET|ALLOC;
+       }
+       return (ap->val.s);
+}
+#endif
+
+static void
+alt_expand(XPtrV *wp, char *start, char *exp_start, char *end, int fdo)
+{
+       unsigned int count = 0;
+       char *brace_start, *brace_end, *comma = NULL;
+       char *field_start;
+       char *p = exp_start;
+
+       /* search for open brace */
+       while ((p = strchr(p, MAGIC)) && p[1] != '{' /*}*/)
+               p += 2;
+       brace_start = p;
+
+       /* find matching close brace, if any */
+       if (p) {
+               comma = NULL;
+               count = 1;
+               p += 2;
+               while (*p && count) {
+                       if (ISMAGIC(*p++)) {
+                               if (*p == '{' /*}*/)
+                                       ++count;
+                               else if (*p == /*{*/ '}')
+                                       --count;
+                               else if (*p == ',' && count == 1)
+                                       comma = p;
+                               ++p;
+                       }
+               }
+       }
+       /* no valid expansions... */
+       if (!p || count != 0) {
+               /*
+                * Note that given a{{b,c} we do not expand anything (this is
+                * what AT&T ksh does. This may be changed to do the {b,c}
+                * expansion. }
+                */
+               if (fdo & DOGLOB)
+                       glob(start, wp, tobool(fdo & DOMARKDIRS));
+               else
+                       XPput(*wp, debunk(start, start, end - start));
+               return;
+       }
+       brace_end = p;
+       if (!comma) {
+               alt_expand(wp, start, brace_end, end, fdo);
+               return;
+       }
+
+       /* expand expression */
+       field_start = brace_start + 2;
+       count = 1;
+       for (p = brace_start + 2; p != brace_end; p++) {
+               if (ISMAGIC(*p)) {
+                       if (*++p == '{' /*}*/)
+                               ++count;
+                       else if ((*p == /*{*/ '}' && --count == 0) ||
+                           (*p == ',' && count == 1)) {
+                               char *news;
+                               int l1, l2, l3;
+
+                               /*
+                                * addition safe since these operate on
+                                * one string (separate substrings)
+                                */
+                               l1 = brace_start - start;
+                               l2 = (p - 1) - field_start;
+                               l3 = end - brace_end;
+                               news = alloc(l1 + l2 + l3 + 1, ATEMP);
+                               memcpy(news, start, l1);
+                               memcpy(news + l1, field_start, l2);
+                               memcpy(news + l1 + l2, brace_end, l3);
+                               news[l1 + l2 + l3] = '\0';
+                               alt_expand(wp, news, news + l1,
+                                   news + l1 + l2 + l3, fdo);
+                               field_start = p + 1;
+                       }
+               }
+       }
+       return;
+}
+
+/* helper function due to setjmp/longjmp woes */
+static char *
+valsub(struct op *t, Area *ap)
+{
+       char * volatile cp = NULL;
+       struct tbl * volatile vp = NULL;
+
+       newenv(E_FUNC);
+       newblock();
+       if (ap)
+               vp = local("REPLY", false);
+       if (!kshsetjmp(e->jbuf))
+               execute(t, XXCOM | XERROK, NULL);
+       if (vp)
+               strdupx(cp, str_val(vp), ap);
+       quitenv(NULL);
+
+       return (cp);
+}
diff --git a/source/sh/exec.c b/source/sh/exec.c
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..b7cdbd1
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,1819 @@
+/*     $OpenBSD: exec.c,v 1.52 2015/09/10 22:48:58 nicm Exp $  */
+
+/*-
+ * Copyright (c) 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010,
+ *              2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016
+ *     mirabilos <m@mirbsd.org>
+ *
+ * Provided that these terms and disclaimer and all copyright notices
+ * are retained or reproduced in an accompanying document, permission
+ * is granted to deal in this work without restriction, including un-
+ * limited rights to use, publicly perform, distribute, sell, modify,
+ * merge, give away, or sublicence.
+ *
+ * This work is provided "AS IS" and WITHOUT WARRANTY of any kind, to
+ * the utmost extent permitted by applicable law, neither express nor
+ * implied; without malicious intent or gross negligence. In no event
+ * may a licensor, author or contributor be held liable for indirect,
+ * direct, other damage, loss, or other issues arising in any way out
+ * of dealing in the work, even if advised of the possibility of such
+ * damage or existence of a defect, except proven that it results out
+ * of said person's immediate fault when using the work as intended.
+ */
+
+#include "sh.h"
+
+__RCSID("$MirOS: src/bin/mksh/exec.c,v 1.172 2016/03/01 18:30:04 tg Exp $");
+
+#ifndef MKSH_DEFAULT_EXECSHELL
+#define MKSH_DEFAULT_EXECSHELL MKSH_UNIXROOT "/bin/sh"
+#endif
+
+static int comexec(struct op *, struct tbl * volatile, const char **,
+    int volatile, volatile int *);
+static void scriptexec(struct op *, const char **) MKSH_A_NORETURN;
+static int call_builtin(struct tbl *, const char **, const char *, bool);
+static int iosetup(struct ioword *, struct tbl *);
+static int herein(struct ioword *, char **);
+static const char *do_selectargs(const char **, bool);
+static Test_op dbteste_isa(Test_env *, Test_meta);
+static const char *dbteste_getopnd(Test_env *, Test_op, bool);
+static void dbteste_error(Test_env *, int, const char *);
+/* XXX: horrible kludge to fit within the framework */
+static void plain_fmt_entry(char *, size_t, unsigned int, const void *);
+static void select_fmt_entry(char *, size_t, unsigned int, const void *);
+
+/*
+ * execute command tree
+ */
+int
+execute(struct op * volatile t,
+    /* if XEXEC don't fork */
+    volatile int flags,
+    volatile int * volatile xerrok)
+{
+       int i;
+       volatile int rv = 0, dummy = 0;
+       int pv[2];
+       const char ** volatile ap = NULL;
+       char ** volatile up;
+       const char *s, *ccp;
+       struct ioword **iowp;
+       struct tbl *tp = NULL;
+       char *cp;
+
+       if (t == NULL)
+               return (0);
+
+       /* Caller doesn't care if XERROK should propagate. */
+       if (xerrok == NULL)
+               xerrok = &dummy;
+
+       if ((flags&XFORK) && !(flags&XEXEC) && t->type != TPIPE)
+               /* run in sub-process */
+               return (exchild(t, flags & ~XTIME, xerrok, -1));
+
+       newenv(E_EXEC);
+       if (trap)
+               runtraps(0);
+
+       /* we want to run an executable, do some variance checks */
+       if (t->type == TCOM) {
+               /* check if this is 'var=<<EOF' */
+               /*XXX this is broken, don’t use! */
+               /*XXX https://bugs.launchpad.net/mksh/+bug/1380389 */
+               if (
+                   /* we have zero arguments, i.e. no programme to run */
+                   t->args[0] == NULL &&
+                   /* we have exactly one variable assignment */
+                   t->vars[0] != NULL && t->vars[1] == NULL &&
+                   /* we have exactly one I/O redirection */
+                   t->ioact != NULL && t->ioact[0] != NULL &&
+                   t->ioact[1] == NULL &&
+                   /* of type "here document" (or "here string") */
+                   (t->ioact[0]->ioflag & IOTYPE) == IOHERE &&
+                   /* the variable assignment begins with a valid varname */
+                   (ccp = skip_wdvarname(t->vars[0], true)) != t->vars[0] &&
+                   /* and has no right-hand side (i.e. "varname=") */
+                   ccp[0] == CHAR && ((ccp[1] == '=' && ccp[2] == EOS) ||
+                   /* or "varname+=" */ (ccp[1] == '+' && ccp[2] == CHAR &&
+                   ccp[3] == '=' && ccp[4] == EOS)) &&
+                   /* plus we can have a here document content */
+                   herein(t->ioact[0], &cp) == 0 && cp && *cp) {
+                       char *sp = cp, *dp;
+                       size_t n = ccp - t->vars[0] + (ccp[1] == '+' ? 4 : 2);
+                       size_t z;
+
+                       /* drop redirection (will be garbage collected) */
+                       t->ioact = NULL;
+
+                       /* set variable to its expanded value */
+                       z = strlen(cp);
+                       if (notoktomul(z, 2) || notoktoadd(z * 2, n + 1))
+                               internal_errorf(Toomem, (size_t)-1);
+                       dp = alloc(z * 2 + n + 1, APERM);
+                       memcpy(dp, t->vars[0], n);
+                       t->vars[0] = dp;
+                       dp += n;
+                       while (*sp) {
+                               *dp++ = QCHAR;
+                               *dp++ = *sp++;
+                       }
+                       *dp = EOS;
+                       /* free the expanded value */
+                       afree(cp, APERM);
+               }
+
+               /*
+                * Clear subst_exstat before argument expansion. Used by
+                * null commands (see comexec() and c_eval()) and by c_set().
+                */
+               subst_exstat = 0;
+
+               /* for $LINENO */
+               current_lineno = t->lineno;
+
+               /*
+                * POSIX says expand command words first, then redirections,
+                * and assignments last..
+                */
+               up = eval(t->args, t->u.evalflags | DOBLANK | DOGLOB | DOTILDE);
+               if (flags & XTIME)
+                       /* Allow option parsing (bizarre, but POSIX) */
+                       timex_hook(t, &up);
+               ap = (const char **)up;
+               if (ap[0])
+                       tp = findcom(ap[0], FC_BI|FC_FUNC);
+       }
+       flags &= ~XTIME;
+
+       if (t->ioact != NULL || t->type == TPIPE || t->type == TCOPROC) {
+               e->savefd = alloc2(NUFILE, sizeof(short), ATEMP);
+               /* initialise to not redirected */
+               memset(e->savefd, 0, NUFILE * sizeof(short));
+       }
+
+       /* mark for replacement later (unless TPIPE) */
+       vp_pipest->flag |= INT_L;
+
+       /* do redirection, to be restored in quitenv() */
+       if (t->ioact != NULL)
+               for (iowp = t->ioact; *iowp != NULL; iowp++) {
+                       if (iosetup(*iowp, tp) < 0) {
+                               exstat = rv = 1;
+                               /*
+                                * Redirection failures for special commands
+                                * cause (non-interactive) shell to exit.
+                                */
+                               if (tp && tp->type == CSHELL &&
+                                   (tp->flag & SPEC_BI))
+                                       errorfz();
+                               /* Deal with FERREXIT, quitenv(), etc. */
+                               goto Break;
+                       }
+               }
+
+       switch (t->type) {
+       case TCOM:
+               rv = comexec(t, tp, (const char **)ap, flags, xerrok);
+               break;
+
+       case TPAREN:
+               rv = execute(t->left, flags | XFORK, xerrok);
+               break;
+
+       case TPIPE:
+               flags |= XFORK;
+               flags &= ~XEXEC;
+               e->savefd[0] = savefd(0);
+               e->savefd[1] = savefd(1);
+               while (t->type == TPIPE) {
+                       openpipe(pv);
+                       /* stdout of curr */
+                       ksh_dup2(pv[1], 1, false);
+                       /**
+                        * Let exchild() close pv[0] in child
+                        * (if this isn't done, commands like
+                        *      (: ; cat /etc/termcap) | sleep 1
+                        * will hang forever).
+                        */
+                       exchild(t->left, flags | XPIPEO | XCCLOSE,
+                           NULL, pv[0]);
+                       /* stdin of next */
+                       ksh_dup2(pv[0], 0, false);
+                       closepipe(pv);
+                       flags |= XPIPEI;
+                       t = t->right;
+               }
+               /* stdout of last */
+               restfd(1, e->savefd[1]);
+               /* no need to re-restore this */
+               e->savefd[1] = 0;
+               /* Let exchild() close 0 in parent, after fork, before wait */
+               i = exchild(t, flags | XPCLOSE | XPIPEST, xerrok, 0);
+               if (!(flags&XBGND) && !(flags&XXCOM))
+                       rv = i;
+               break;
+
+       case TLIST:
+               while (t->type == TLIST) {
+                       execute(t->left, flags & XERROK, NULL);
+                       t = t->right;
+               }
+               rv = execute(t, flags & XERROK, xerrok);
+               break;
+
+       case TCOPROC: {
+#ifndef MKSH_NOPROSPECTOFWORK
+               sigset_t omask;
+
+               /*
+                * Block sigchild as we are using things changed in the
+                * signal handler
+                */
+               sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &sm_sigchld, &omask);
+               e->type = E_ERRH;
+               if ((i = kshsetjmp(e->jbuf))) {
+                       sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &omask, NULL);
+                       quitenv(NULL);
+                       unwind(i);
+                       /* NOTREACHED */
+               }
+#endif
+               /* Already have a (live) co-process? */
+               if (coproc.job && coproc.write >= 0)
+                       errorf("coprocess already exists");
+
+               /* Can we re-use the existing co-process pipe? */
+               coproc_cleanup(true);
+
+               /* do this before opening pipes, in case these fail */
+               e->savefd[0] = savefd(0);
+               e->savefd[1] = savefd(1);
+
+               openpipe(pv);
+               if (pv[0] != 0) {
+                       ksh_dup2(pv[0], 0, false);
+                       close(pv[0]);
+               }
+               coproc.write = pv[1];
+               coproc.job = NULL;
+
+               if (coproc.readw >= 0)
+                       ksh_dup2(coproc.readw, 1, false);
+               else {
+                       openpipe(pv);
+                       coproc.read = pv[0];
+                       ksh_dup2(pv[1], 1, false);
+                       /* closed before first read */
+                       coproc.readw = pv[1];
+                       coproc.njobs = 0;
+                       /* create new coprocess id */
+                       ++coproc.id;
+               }
+#ifndef MKSH_NOPROSPECTOFWORK
+               sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &omask, NULL);
+               /* no more need for error handler */
+               e->type = E_EXEC;
+#endif
+
+               /*
+                * exchild() closes coproc.* in child after fork,
+                * will also increment coproc.njobs when the
+                * job is actually created.
+                */
+               flags &= ~XEXEC;
+               exchild(t->left, flags | XBGND | XFORK | XCOPROC | XCCLOSE,
+                   NULL, coproc.readw);
+               break;
+       }
+
+       case TASYNC:
+               /*
+                * XXX non-optimal, I think - "(foo &)", forks for (),
+                * forks again for async... parent should optimise
+                * this to "foo &"...
+                */
+               rv = execute(t->left, (flags&~XEXEC)|XBGND|XFORK, xerrok);
+               break;
+
+       case TOR:
+       case TAND:
+               rv = execute(t->left, XERROK, xerrok);
+               if ((rv == 0) == (t->type == TAND))
+                       rv = execute(t->right, flags & XERROK, xerrok);
+               else {
+                       flags |= XERROK;
+                       if (xerrok)
+                               *xerrok = 1;
+               }
+               break;
+
+       case TBANG:
+               rv = !execute(t->right, XERROK, xerrok);
+               flags |= XERROK;
+               if (xerrok)
+                       *xerrok = 1;
+               break;
+
+       case TDBRACKET: {
+               Test_env te;
+
+               te.flags = TEF_DBRACKET;
+               te.pos.wp = t->args;
+               te.isa = dbteste_isa;
+               te.getopnd = dbteste_getopnd;
+               te.eval = test_eval;
+               te.error = dbteste_error;
+
+               rv = test_parse(&te);
+               break;
+       }
+
+       case TFOR:
+       case TSELECT: {
+               volatile bool is_first = true;
+
+               ap = (t->vars == NULL) ? e->loc->argv + 1 :
+                   (const char **)eval((const char **)t->vars,
+                   DOBLANK | DOGLOB | DOTILDE);
+               e->type = E_LOOP;
+               while ((i = kshsetjmp(e->jbuf))) {
+                       if ((e->flags&EF_BRKCONT_PASS) ||
+                           (i != LBREAK && i != LCONTIN)) {
+                               quitenv(NULL);
+                               unwind(i);
+                       } else if (i == LBREAK) {
+                               rv = 0;
+                               goto Break;
+                       }
+               }
+               /* in case of a continue */
+               rv = 0;
+               if (t->type == TFOR) {
+                       while (*ap != NULL) {
+                               setstr(global(t->str), *ap++, KSH_UNWIND_ERROR);
+                               rv = execute(t->left, flags & XERROK, xerrok);
+                       }
+               } else {
+                       /* TSELECT */
+                       for (;;) {
+                               if (!(ccp = do_selectargs(ap, is_first))) {
+                                       rv = 1;
+                                       break;
+                               }
+                               is_first = false;
+                               setstr(global(t->str), ccp, KSH_UNWIND_ERROR);
+                               execute(t->left, flags & XERROK, xerrok);
+                       }
+               }
+               break;
+       }
+
+       case TWHILE:
+       case TUNTIL:
+               e->type = E_LOOP;
+               while ((i = kshsetjmp(e->jbuf))) {
+                       if ((e->flags&EF_BRKCONT_PASS) ||
+                           (i != LBREAK && i != LCONTIN)) {
+                               quitenv(NULL);
+                               unwind(i);
+                       } else if (i == LBREAK) {
+                               rv = 0;
+                               goto Break;
+                       }
+               }
+               /* in case of a continue */
+               rv = 0;
+               while ((execute(t->left, XERROK, NULL) == 0) ==
+                   (t->type == TWHILE))
+                       rv = execute(t->right, flags & XERROK, xerrok);
+               break;
+
+       case TIF:
+       case TELIF:
+               if (t->right == NULL)
+                       /* should be error */
+                       break;
+               rv = execute(t->left, XERROK, NULL) == 0 ?
+                   execute(t->right->left, flags & XERROK, xerrok) :
+                   execute(t->right->right, flags & XERROK, xerrok);
+               break;
+
+       case TCASE:
+               i = 0;
+               ccp = evalstr(t->str, DOTILDE | DOSCALAR);
+               for (t = t->left; t != NULL && t->type == TPAT; t = t->right) {
+                       for (ap = (const char **)t->vars; *ap; ap++) {
+                               if (i || ((s = evalstr(*ap, DOTILDE|DOPAT)) &&
+                                   gmatchx(ccp, s, false))) {
+                                       rv = execute(t->left, flags & XERROK,
+                                           xerrok);
+                                       i = 0;
+                                       switch (t->u.charflag) {
+                                       case '&':
+                                               i = 1;
+                                               /* FALLTHROUGH */
+                                       case '|':
+                                               goto TCASE_next;
+                                       }
+                                       goto TCASE_out;
+                               }
+                       }
+                       i = 0;
+ TCASE_next:
+                       /* empty */;
+               }
+ TCASE_out:
+               break;
+
+       case TBRACE:
+               rv = execute(t->left, flags & XERROK, xerrok);
+               break;
+
+       case TFUNCT:
+               rv = define(t->str, t);
+               break;
+
+       case TTIME:
+               /*
+                * Clear XEXEC so nested execute() call doesn't exit
+                * (allows "ls -l | time grep foo").
+                */
+               rv = timex(t, flags & ~XEXEC, xerrok);
+               break;
+
+       case TEXEC:
+               /* an eval'd TCOM */
+               up = makenv();
+               restoresigs();
+               cleanup_proc_env();
+               {
+                       union mksh_ccphack cargs;
+
+                       cargs.ro = t->args;
+                       execve(t->str, cargs.rw, up);
+                       rv = errno;
+               }
+               if (rv == ENOEXEC)
+                       scriptexec(t, (const char **)up);
+               else
+                       errorf("%s: %s", t->str, cstrerror(rv));
+       }
+ Break:
+       exstat = rv & 0xFF;
+       if (vp_pipest->flag & INT_L) {
+               unset(vp_pipest, 1);
+               vp_pipest->flag = DEFINED | ISSET | INTEGER | RDONLY |
+                   ARRAY | INT_U | INT_L;
+               vp_pipest->val.i = rv;
+       }
+
+       /* restores IO */
+       quitenv(NULL);
+       if ((flags&XEXEC))
+               /* exit child */
+               unwind(LEXIT);
+       if (rv != 0 && !(flags & XERROK) &&
+           (xerrok == NULL || !*xerrok)) {
+               if (Flag(FERREXIT) & 0x80) {
+                       /* inside eval */
+                       Flag(FERREXIT) = 0;
+               } else {
+                       trapsig(ksh_SIGERR);
+                       if (Flag(FERREXIT))
+                               unwind(LERROR);
+               }
+       }
+       return (rv);
+}
+
+/*
+ * execute simple command
+ */
+
+static int
+comexec(struct op *t, struct tbl * volatile tp, const char **ap,
+    volatile int flags, volatile int *xerrok)
+{
+       int i;
+       volatile int rv = 0;
+       const char *cp;
+       const char **lastp;
+       /* Must be static (XXX but why?) */
+       static struct op texec;
+       int type_flags;
+       bool resetspec;
+       int fcflags = FC_BI|FC_FUNC|FC_PATH;
+       struct block *l_expand, *l_assign;
+       int optc;
+       const char *exec_argv0 = NULL;
+       bool exec_clrenv = false;
+
+       /* snag the last argument for $_ */
+       if (Flag(FTALKING) && *(lastp = ap)) {
+               /*
+                * XXX not the same as AT&T ksh, which only seems to set $_
+                * after a newline (but not in functions/dot scripts, but in
+                * interactive and script) - perhaps save last arg here and
+                * set it in shell()?.
+                */
+               while (*++lastp)
+                       ;
+               /* setstr() can't fail here */
+               setstr(typeset("_", LOCAL, 0, INTEGER, 0), *--lastp,
+                   KSH_RETURN_ERROR);
+       }
+
+       /**
+        * Deal with the shell builtins builtin, exec and command since
+        * they can be followed by other commands. This must be done before
+        * we know if we should create a local block which must be done
+        * before we can do a path search (in case the assignments change
+        * PATH).
+        * Odd cases:
+        *      FOO=bar exec >/dev/null         FOO is kept but not exported
+        *      FOO=bar exec foobar             FOO is exported
+        *      FOO=bar command exec >/dev/null FOO is neither kept nor exported
+        *      FOO=bar command                 FOO is neither kept nor exported
+        *      PATH=... foobar                 use new PATH in foobar search
+        */
+       resetspec = false;
+       while (tp && tp->type == CSHELL) {
+               /* undo effects of command */
+               fcflags = FC_BI|FC_FUNC|FC_PATH;
+               if (tp->val.f == c_builtin) {
+                       if ((cp = *++ap) == NULL ||
+                           (!strcmp(cp, "--") && (cp = *++ap) == NULL)) {
+                               tp = NULL;
+                               break;
+                       }
+                       if ((tp = findcom(cp, FC_BI)) == NULL)
+                               errorf("%s: %s: %s", Tbuiltin, cp, "not a builtin");
+                       if (tp->type == CSHELL && (tp->val.f == c_cat
+#ifdef MKSH_PRINTF_BUILTIN
+                           || tp->val.f == c_printf
+#endif
+                           ))
+                               break;
+                       continue;
+               } else if (tp->val.f == c_exec) {
+                       if (ap[1] == NULL)
+                               break;
+                       ksh_getopt_reset(&builtin_opt, GF_ERROR);
+                       while ((optc = ksh_getopt(ap, &builtin_opt, "a:c")) != -1)
+                               switch (optc) {
+                               case 'a':
+                                       exec_argv0 = builtin_opt.optarg;
+                                       break;
+                               case 'c':
+                                       exec_clrenv = true;
+                                       /* ensure we can actually do this */
+                                       resetspec = true;
+                                       break;
+                               default:
+                                       rv = 2;
+                                       goto Leave;
+                               }
+                       ap += builtin_opt.optind;
+                       flags |= XEXEC;
+               } else if (tp->val.f == c_command) {
+                       bool saw_p = false;
+
+                       /*
+                        * Ugly dealing with options in two places (here
+                        * and in c_command(), but such is life)
+                        */
+                       ksh_getopt_reset(&builtin_opt, 0);
+                       while ((optc = ksh_getopt(ap, &builtin_opt, ":p")) == 'p')
+                               saw_p = true;
+                       if (optc != -1)
+                               /* command -vV or something */
+                               break;
+                       /* don't look for functions */
+                       fcflags = FC_BI|FC_PATH;
+                       if (saw_p) {
+                               if (Flag(FRESTRICTED)) {
+                                       warningf(true, "%s: %s",
+                                           "command -p", "restricted");
+                                       rv = 1;
+                                       goto Leave;
+                               }
+                               fcflags |= FC_DEFPATH;
+                       }
+                       ap += builtin_opt.optind;
+                       /*
+                        * POSIX says special builtins lose their status
+                        * if accessed using command.
+                        */
+                       resetspec = true;
+                       if (!ap[0]) {
+                               /* ensure command with no args exits with 0 */
+                               subst_exstat = 0;
+                               break;
+                       }
+               } else if (tp->val.f == c_cat) {
+                       /* if we have any flags, do not use the builtin */
+                       if (ap[1] && ap[1][0] == '-' && ap[1][1] != '\0' &&
+                           /* argument, begins with -, is not - or -- */
+                           (ap[1][1] != '-' || ap[1][2] != '\0')) {
+                               struct tbl *ext_cat;
+
+                               ext_cat = findcom(Tcat, FC_PATH | FC_FUNC);
+                               if (ext_cat && (ext_cat->type != CTALIAS ||
+                                   (ext_cat->flag & ISSET)))
+                                       tp = ext_cat;
+                       }
+                       break;
+#ifdef MKSH_PRINTF_BUILTIN
+               } else if (tp->val.f == c_printf) {
+                       struct tbl *ext_printf;
+
+                       ext_printf = findcom(Tprintf, FC_PATH | FC_FUNC);
+                       if (ext_printf && (ext_printf->type != CTALIAS ||
+                           (ext_printf->flag & ISSET)))
+                               tp = ext_printf;
+                       break;
+#endif
+               } else if (tp->val.f == c_trap) {
+                       t->u.evalflags &= ~DOTCOMEXEC;
+                       break;
+               } else
+                       break;
+               tp = findcom(ap[0], fcflags & (FC_BI|FC_FUNC));
+       }
+       if (t->u.evalflags & DOTCOMEXEC)
+               flags |= XEXEC;
+       l_expand = e->loc;
+       if (!resetspec && (!ap[0] || (tp && (tp->flag & KEEPASN))))
+               type_flags = 0;
+       else {
+               /* create new variable/function block */
+               newblock();
+               /* ksh functions don't keep assignments, POSIX functions do. */
+               if (!resetspec && tp && tp->type == CFUNC &&
+                   !(tp->flag & FKSH))
+                       type_flags = EXPORT;
+               else
+                       type_flags = LOCAL|LOCAL_COPY|EXPORT;
+       }
+       l_assign = e->loc;
+       if (exec_clrenv)
+               l_assign->flags |= BF_STOPENV;
+       if (Flag(FEXPORT))
+               type_flags |= EXPORT;
+       if (Flag(FXTRACE))
+               change_xtrace(2, false);
+       for (i = 0; t->vars[i]; i++) {
+               /* do NOT lookup in the new var/fn block just created */
+               e->loc = l_expand;
+               cp = evalstr(t->vars[i], DOASNTILDE | DOSCALAR);
+               e->loc = l_assign;
+               if (Flag(FXTRACE)) {
+                       const char *ccp;
+
+                       ccp = skip_varname(cp, true);
+                       if (*ccp == '+')
+                               ++ccp;
+                       if (*ccp == '=')
+                               ++ccp;
+                       shf_write(cp, ccp - cp, shl_xtrace);
+                       print_value_quoted(shl_xtrace, ccp);
+                       shf_putc(' ', shl_xtrace);
+               }
+               /* but assign in there as usual */
+               typeset(cp, type_flags, 0, 0, 0);
+       }
+
+       if (Flag(FXTRACE)) {
+               change_xtrace(2, false);
+               if (ap[rv = 0]) {
+ xtrace_ap_loop:
+                       print_value_quoted(shl_xtrace, ap[rv]);
+                       if (ap[++rv]) {
+                               shf_putc(' ', shl_xtrace);
+                               goto xtrace_ap_loop;
+                       }
+               }
+               change_xtrace(1, false);
+       }
+
+       if ((cp = *ap) == NULL) {
+               rv = subst_exstat;
+               goto Leave;
+       } else if (!tp) {
+               if (Flag(FRESTRICTED) && vstrchr(cp, '/')) {
+                       warningf(true, "%s: %s", cp, "restricted");
+                       rv = 1;
+                       goto Leave;
+               }
+               tp = findcom(cp, fcflags);
+       }
+
+       switch (tp->type) {
+
+       /* shell built-in */
+       case CSHELL:
+ do_call_builtin:
+               rv = call_builtin(tp, (const char **)ap, null, resetspec);
+               if (resetspec && tp->val.f == c_shift) {
+                       l_expand->argc = l_assign->argc;
+                       l_expand->argv = l_assign->argv;
+               }
+               break;
+
+       /* function call */
+       case CFUNC: {
+               volatile uint32_t old_inuse;
+               const char * volatile old_kshname;
+               volatile uint8_t old_flags[FNFLAGS];
+
+               if (!(tp->flag & ISSET)) {
+                       struct tbl *ftp;
+
+                       if (!tp->u.fpath) {
+                               rv = (tp->u2.errnov == ENOENT) ? 127 : 126;
+                               warningf(true, "%s: %s %s: %s", cp,
+                                   "can't find", "function definition file",
+                                   cstrerror(tp->u2.errnov));
+                               break;
+                       }
+                       if (include(tp->u.fpath, 0, NULL, false) < 0) {
+                               if (!strcmp(cp, Tcat)) {
+ no_cat_in_FPATH:
+                                       tp = findcom(Tcat, FC_BI);
+                                       goto do_call_builtin;
+                               }
+#ifdef MKSH_PRINTF_BUILTIN
+                               if (!strcmp(cp, Tprintf)) {
+ no_printf_in_FPATH:
+                                       tp = findcom(Tprintf, FC_BI);
+                                       goto do_call_builtin;
+                               }
+#endif
+                               warningf(true, "%s: %s %s %s: %s", cp,
+                                   "can't open", "function definition file",
+                                   tp->u.fpath, cstrerror(errno));
+                               rv = 127;
+                               break;
+                       }
+                       if (!(ftp = findfunc(cp, hash(cp), false)) ||
+                           !(ftp->flag & ISSET)) {
+                               if (!strcmp(cp, Tcat))
+                                       goto no_cat_in_FPATH;
+#ifdef MKSH_PRINTF_BUILTIN
+                               if (!strcmp(cp, Tprintf))
+                                       goto no_printf_in_FPATH;
+#endif
+                               warningf(true, "%s: %s %s", cp,
+                                   "function not defined by", tp->u.fpath);
+                               rv = 127;
+                               break;
+                       }
+                       tp = ftp;
+               }
+
+               /*
+                * ksh functions set $0 to function name, POSIX
+                * functions leave $0 unchanged.
+                */
+               old_kshname = kshname;
+               if (tp->flag & FKSH)
+                       kshname = ap[0];
+               else
+                       ap[0] = kshname;
+               e->loc->argv = ap;
+               for (i = 0; *ap++ != NULL; i++)
+                       ;
+               e->loc->argc = i - 1;
+               /*
+                * ksh-style functions handle getopts sanely,
+                * Bourne/POSIX functions are insane...
+                */
+               if (tp->flag & FKSH) {
+                       e->loc->flags |= BF_DOGETOPTS;
+                       e->loc->getopts_state = user_opt;
+                       getopts_reset(1);
+               }
+
+               for (type_flags = 0; type_flags < FNFLAGS; ++type_flags)
+                       old_flags[type_flags] = shell_flags[type_flags];
+               change_xtrace((Flag(FXTRACEREC) ? Flag(FXTRACE) : 0) |
+                   ((tp->flag & TRACE) ? 1 : 0), false);
+               old_inuse = tp->flag & FINUSE;
+               tp->flag |= FINUSE;
+
+               e->type = E_FUNC;
+               if (!(i = kshsetjmp(e->jbuf))) {
+                       execute(tp->val.t, flags & XERROK, NULL);
+                       i = LRETURN;
+               }
+
+               kshname = old_kshname;
+               change_xtrace(old_flags[(int)FXTRACE], false);
+#ifndef MKSH_LEGACY_MODE
+               if (tp->flag & FKSH) {
+                       /* Korn style functions restore Flags on return */
+                       old_flags[(int)FXTRACE] = Flag(FXTRACE);
+                       for (type_flags = 0; type_flags < FNFLAGS; ++type_flags)
+                               shell_flags[type_flags] = old_flags[type_flags];
+               }
+#endif
+               tp->flag = (tp->flag & ~FINUSE) | old_inuse;
+
+               /*
+                * Were we deleted while executing? If so, free the
+                * execution tree.
+                */
+               if ((tp->flag & (FDELETE|FINUSE)) == FDELETE) {
+                       if (tp->flag & ALLOC) {
+                               tp->flag &= ~ALLOC;
+                               tfree(tp->val.t, tp->areap);
+                       }
+                       tp->flag = 0;
+               }
+               switch (i) {
+               case LRETURN:
+               case LERROR:
+                       rv = exstat & 0xFF;
+                       break;
+               case LINTR:
+               case LEXIT:
+               case LLEAVE:
+               case LSHELL:
+                       quitenv(NULL);
+                       unwind(i);
+                       /* NOTREACHED */
+               default:
+                       quitenv(NULL);
+                       internal_errorf("%s %d", "CFUNC", i);
+               }
+               break;
+       }
+
+       /* executable command */
+       case CEXEC:
+       /* tracked alias */
+       case CTALIAS:
+               if (!(tp->flag&ISSET)) {
+                       if (tp->u2.errnov == ENOENT) {
+                               rv = 127;
+                               warningf(true, "%s: %s", cp, "not found");
+                       } else {
+                               rv = 126;
+                               warningf(true, "%s: %s: %s", cp, "can't execute",
+                                   cstrerror(tp->u2.errnov));
+                       }
+                       break;
+               }
+
+               /* set $_ to program's full path */
+               /* setstr() can't fail here */
+               setstr(typeset("_", LOCAL | EXPORT, 0, INTEGER, 0),
+                   tp->val.s, KSH_RETURN_ERROR);
+
+               /* to fork, we set up a TEXEC node and call execute */
+               texec.type = TEXEC;
+               /* for vistree/dumptree */
+               texec.left = t;
+               texec.str = tp->val.s;
+               texec.args = ap;
+
+               /* in this case we do not fork, of course */
+               if (flags & XEXEC) {
+                       if (exec_argv0)
+                               texec.args[0] = exec_argv0;
+                       j_exit();
+                       if (!(flags & XBGND)
+#ifndef MKSH_UNEMPLOYED
+                           || Flag(FMONITOR)
+#endif
+                           ) {
+                               setexecsig(&sigtraps[SIGINT], SS_RESTORE_ORIG);
+                               setexecsig(&sigtraps[SIGQUIT], SS_RESTORE_ORIG);
+                       }
+               }
+
+               rv = exchild(&texec, flags, xerrok, -1);
+               break;
+       }
+ Leave:
+       if (flags & XEXEC) {
+               exstat = rv & 0xFF;
+               unwind(LLEAVE);
+       }
+       return (rv);
+}
+
+static void
+scriptexec(struct op *tp, const char **ap)
+{
+       const char *sh;
+#ifndef MKSH_SMALL
+       int fd;
+       unsigned char buf[68];
+#endif
+       union mksh_ccphack args, cap;
+
+       sh = str_val(global("EXECSHELL"));
+       if (sh && *sh)
+               sh = search_path(sh, path, X_OK, NULL);
+       if (!sh || !*sh)
+               sh = MKSH_DEFAULT_EXECSHELL;
+
+       *tp->args-- = tp->str;
+
+#ifndef MKSH_SMALL
+       if ((fd = binopen2(tp->str, O_RDONLY)) >= 0) {
+               unsigned char *cp;
+               unsigned short m;
+               ssize_t n;
+
+               /* read first couple of octets from file */
+               n = read(fd, buf, sizeof(buf) - 1);
+               close(fd);
+               /* read error or short read? */
+               if (n < 5)
+                       goto nomagic;
+               /* terminate buffer */
+               buf[n] = '\0';
+
+               /* skip UTF-8 Byte Order Mark, if present */
+               cp = buf + (n = ((buf[0] == 0xEF) && (buf[1] == 0xBB) &&
+                   (buf[2] == 0xBF)) ? 3 : 0);
+
+               /* scan for newline or NUL (end of buffer) */
+               while (*cp && *cp != '\n')
+                       ++cp;
+               /* if the shebang line is longer than MAXINTERP, bail out */
+               if (!*cp)
+                       goto noshebang;
+               /* replace newline by NUL */
+               *cp = '\0';
+
+               /* restore begin of shebang position (buf+0 or buf+3) */
+               cp = buf + n;
+               /* bail out if no shebang magic found */
+               if (cp[0] == '#' && cp[1] == '!')
+                       cp += 2;
+#ifdef __OS2__
+               else if (!strncmp(cp, Textproc, 7) &&
+                   (cp[7] == ' ' || cp[7] == '\t'))
+                       cp += 8;
+#endif
+               else
+                       goto noshebang;
+               /* skip whitespace before shell name */
+               while (*cp == ' ' || *cp == '\t')
+                       ++cp;
+               /* just whitespace on the line? */
+               if (*cp == '\0')
+                       goto noshebang;
+               /* no, we actually found an interpreter name */
+               sh = (char *)cp;
+               /* look for end of shell/interpreter name */
+               while (*cp != ' ' && *cp != '\t' && *cp != '\0')
+                       ++cp;
+               /* any arguments? */
+               if (*cp) {
+                       *cp++ = '\0';
+                       /* skip spaces before arguments */
+                       while (*cp == ' ' || *cp == '\t')
+                               ++cp;
+                       /* pass it all in ONE argument (historic reasons) */
+                       if (*cp)
+                               *tp->args-- = (char *)cp;
+               }
+               goto nomagic;
+ noshebang:
+               m = buf[0] << 8 | buf[1];
+               if (m == 0x7F45 && buf[2] == 'L' && buf[3] == 'F')
+                       errorf("%s: not executable: %d-bit ELF file", tp->str,
+                           32 * buf[4]);
+               if ((m == /* OMAGIC */ 0407) ||
+                   (m == /* NMAGIC */ 0410) ||
+                   (m == /* ZMAGIC */ 0413) ||
+                   (m == /* QMAGIC */ 0314) ||
+                   (m == /* ECOFF_I386 */ 0x4C01) ||
+                   (m == /* ECOFF_M68K */ 0x0150 || m == 0x5001) ||
+                   (m == /* ECOFF_SH */   0x0500 || m == 0x0005) ||
+                   (m == /* bzip */ 0x425A) || (m == /* "MZ" */ 0x4D5A) ||
+                   (m == /* "NE" */ 0x4E45) || (m == /* "LX" */ 0x4C58) ||
+                   (m == /* ksh93 */ 0x0B13) || (m == /* LZIP */ 0x4C5A) ||
+                   (m == /* xz */ 0xFD37 && buf[2] == 'z' && buf[3] == 'X' &&
+                   buf[4] == 'Z') || (m == /* 7zip */ 0x377A) ||
+                   (m == /* gzip */ 0x1F8B) || (m == /* .Z */ 0x1F9D))
+                       errorf("%s: not executable: magic %04X", tp->str, m);
+ nomagic:
+               ;
+       }
+#endif
+       args.ro = tp->args;
+       *args.ro = sh;
+
+       cap.ro = ap;
+       execve(args.rw[0], args.rw, cap.rw);
+
+       /* report both the programme that was run and the bogus interpreter */
+       errorf("%s: %s: %s", tp->str, sh, cstrerror(errno));
+}
+
+int
+shcomexec(const char **wp)
+{
+       struct tbl *tp;
+
+       tp = ktsearch(&builtins, *wp, hash(*wp));
+       return (call_builtin(tp, wp, "shcomexec", false));
+}
+
+/*
+ * Search function tables for a function. If create set, a table entry
+ * is created if none is found.
+ */
+struct tbl *
+findfunc(const char *name, uint32_t h, bool create)
+{
+       struct block *l;
+       struct tbl *tp = NULL;
+
+       for (l = e->loc; l; l = l->next) {
+               tp = ktsearch(&l->funs, name, h);
+               if (tp)
+                       break;
+               if (!l->next && create) {
+                       tp = ktenter(&l->funs, name, h);
+                       tp->flag = DEFINED;
+                       tp->type = CFUNC;
+                       tp->val.t = NULL;
+                       break;
+               }
+       }
+       return (tp);
+}
+
+/*
+ * define function. Returns 1 if function is being undefined (t == 0) and
+ * function did not exist, returns 0 otherwise.
+ */
+int
+define(const char *name, struct op *t)
+{
+       uint32_t nhash;
+       struct tbl *tp;
+       bool was_set = false;
+
+       nhash = hash(name);
+
+       while (/* CONSTCOND */ 1) {
+               tp = findfunc(name, nhash, true);
+
+               if (tp->flag & ISSET)
+                       was_set = true;
+               /*
+                * If this function is currently being executed, we zap
+                * this table entry so findfunc() won't see it
+                */
+               if (tp->flag & FINUSE) {
+                       tp->name[0] = '\0';
+                       /* ensure it won't be found */
+                       tp->flag &= ~DEFINED;
+                       tp->flag |= FDELETE;
+               } else
+                       break;
+       }
+
+       if (tp->flag & ALLOC) {
+               tp->flag &= ~(ISSET|ALLOC);
+               tfree(tp->val.t, tp->areap);
+       }
+
+       if (t == NULL) {
+               /* undefine */
+               ktdelete(tp);
+               return (was_set ? 0 : 1);
+       }
+
+       tp->val.t = tcopy(t->left, tp->areap);
+       tp->flag |= (ISSET|ALLOC);
+       if (t->u.ksh_func)
+               tp->flag |= FKSH;
+
+       return (0);
+}
+
+/*
+ * add builtin
+ */
+const char *
+builtin(const char *name, int (*func) (const char **))
+{
+       struct tbl *tp;
+       uint32_t flag = DEFINED;
+
+       /* see if any flags should be set for this builtin */
+       while (1) {
+               if (*name == '=')
+                       /* command does variable assignment */
+                       flag |= KEEPASN;
+               else if (*name == '*')
+                       /* POSIX special builtin */
+                       flag |= SPEC_BI;
+               else
+                       break;
+               name++;
+       }
+
+       tp = ktenter(&builtins, name, hash(name));
+       tp->flag = flag;
+       tp->type = CSHELL;
+       tp->val.f = func;
+
+       return (name);
+}
+
+/*
+ * find command
+ * either function, hashed command, or built-in (in that order)
+ */
+struct tbl *
+findcom(const char *name, int flags)
+{
+       static struct tbl temp;
+       uint32_t h = hash(name);
+       struct tbl *tp = NULL, *tbi;
+       /* insert if not found */
+       unsigned char insert = Flag(FTRACKALL);
+       /* for function autoloading */
+       char *fpath;
+       union mksh_cchack npath;
+
+       if (vstrchr(name, '/')) {
+               insert = 0;
+               /* prevent FPATH search below */
+               flags &= ~FC_FUNC;
+               goto Search;
+       }
+       tbi = (flags & FC_BI) ? ktsearch(&builtins, name, h) : NULL;
+       /*
+        * POSIX says special builtins first, then functions, then
+        * regular builtins, then search path...
+        */
+       if ((flags & FC_SPECBI) && tbi && (tbi->flag & SPEC_BI))
+               tp = tbi;
+       if (!tp && (flags & FC_FUNC)) {
+               tp = findfunc(name, h, false);
+               if (tp && !(tp->flag & ISSET)) {
+                       if ((fpath = str_val(global("FPATH"))) == null) {
+                               tp->u.fpath = NULL;
+                               tp->u2.errnov = ENOENT;
+                       } else
+                               tp->u.fpath = search_path(name, fpath, R_OK,
+                                   &tp->u2.errnov);
+               }
+       }
+       if (!tp && (flags & FC_NORMBI) && tbi)
+               tp = tbi;
+       if (!tp && (flags & FC_PATH) && !(flags & FC_DEFPATH)) {
+               tp = ktsearch(&taliases, name, h);
+               if (tp && (tp->flag & ISSET) &&
+                   ksh_access(tp->val.s, X_OK) != 0) {
+                       if (tp->flag & ALLOC) {
+                               tp->flag &= ~ALLOC;
+                               afree(tp->val.s, APERM);
+                       }
+                       tp->flag &= ~ISSET;
+               }
+       }
+
+ Search:
+       if ((!tp || (tp->type == CTALIAS && !(tp->flag&ISSET))) &&
+           (flags & FC_PATH)) {
+               if (!tp) {
+                       if (insert && !(flags & FC_DEFPATH)) {
+                               tp = ktenter(&taliases, name, h);
+                               tp->type = CTALIAS;
+                       } else {
+                               tp = &temp;
+                               tp->type = CEXEC;
+                       }
+                       /* make ~ISSET */
+                       tp->flag = DEFINED;
+               }
+               npath.ro = search_path(name,
+                   (flags & FC_DEFPATH) ? def_path : path,
+                   X_OK, &tp->u2.errnov);
+               if (npath.ro) {
+                       strdupx(tp->val.s, npath.ro, APERM);
+                       if (npath.ro != name)
+                               afree(npath.rw, ATEMP);
+                       tp->flag |= ISSET|ALLOC;
+               } else if ((flags & FC_FUNC) &&
+                   (fpath = str_val(global("FPATH"))) != null &&
+                   (npath.ro = search_path(name, fpath, R_OK,
+                   &tp->u2.errnov)) != NULL) {
+                       /*
+                        * An undocumented feature of AT&T ksh is that
+                        * it searches FPATH if a command is not found,
+                        * even if the command hasn't been set up as an
+                        * autoloaded function (ie, no typeset -uf).
+                        */
+                       tp = &temp;
+                       tp->type = CFUNC;
+                       /* make ~ISSET */
+                       tp->flag = DEFINED;
+                       tp->u.fpath = npath.ro;
+               }
+       }
+       return (tp);
+}
+
+/*
+ * flush executable commands with relative paths
+ * (just relative or all?)
+ */
+void
+flushcom(bool all)
+{
+       struct tbl *tp;
+       struct tstate ts;
+
+       for (ktwalk(&ts, &taliases); (tp = ktnext(&ts)) != NULL; )
+               if ((tp->flag&ISSET) && (all || !mksh_abspath(tp->val.s))) {
+                       if (tp->flag&ALLOC) {
+                               tp->flag &= ~(ALLOC|ISSET);
+                               afree(tp->val.s, APERM);
+                       }
+                       tp->flag &= ~ISSET;
+               }
+}
+
+/* check if path is something we want to find */
+int
+search_access(const char *fn, int mode)
+{
+       struct stat sb;
+
+       if (stat(fn, &sb) < 0)
+               /* file does not exist */
+               return (ENOENT);
+       /* LINTED use of access */
+       if (access(fn, mode) < 0) {
+               /* file exists, but we can't access it */
+               int eno;
+
+               eno = errno;
+               return (eno ? eno : EACCES);
+       }
+       if (mode == X_OK && (!S_ISREG(sb.st_mode) ||
+           !(sb.st_mode & (S_IXUSR|S_IXGRP|S_IXOTH))))
+               /* access(2) may say root can execute everything */
+               return (S_ISDIR(sb.st_mode) ? EISDIR : EACCES);
+       return (0);
+}
+
+/*
+ * search for command with PATH
+ */
+const char *
+search_path(const char *name, const char *lpath,
+    /* R_OK or X_OK */
+    int mode,
+    /* set if candidate found, but not suitable */
+    int *errnop)
+{
+       const char *sp, *p;
+       char *xp;
+       XString xs;
+       size_t namelen;
+       int ec = 0, ev;
+
+       if (vstrchr(name, '/')) {
+               if ((ec = search_access(name, mode)) == 0) {
+ search_path_ok:
+                       if (errnop)
+                               *errnop = 0;
+                       return (name);
+               }
+               goto search_path_err;
+       }
+
+       namelen = strlen(name) + 1;
+       Xinit(xs, xp, 128, ATEMP);
+
+       sp = lpath;
+       while (sp != NULL) {
+               xp = Xstring(xs, xp);
+               if (!(p = cstrchr(sp, MKSH_PATHSEPC)))
+                       p = sp + strlen(sp);
+               if (p != sp) {
+                       XcheckN(xs, xp, p - sp);
+                       memcpy(xp, sp, p - sp);
+                       xp += p - sp;
+                       *xp++ = '/';
+               }
+               sp = p;
+               XcheckN(xs, xp, namelen);
+               memcpy(xp, name, namelen);
+               if ((ev = search_access(Xstring(xs, xp), mode)) == 0) {
+                       name = Xclose(xs, xp + namelen);
+                       goto search_path_ok;
+               }
+               /* accumulate non-ENOENT errors only */
+               if (ev != ENOENT && ec == 0)
+                       ec = ev;
+               if (*sp++ == '\0')
+                       sp = NULL;
+       }
+       Xfree(xs, xp);
+ search_path_err:
+       if (errnop)
+               *errnop = ec ? ec : ENOENT;
+       return (NULL);
+}
+
+static int
+call_builtin(struct tbl *tp, const char **wp, const char *where, bool resetspec)
+{
+       int rv;
+
+       if (!tp)
+               internal_errorf("%s: %s", where, wp[0]);
+       builtin_argv0 = wp[0];
+       builtin_spec = tobool(!resetspec &&
+           /*XXX odd use of KEEPASN */
+           ((tp->flag & SPEC_BI) || (Flag(FPOSIX) && (tp->flag & KEEPASN))));
+       shf_reopen(1, SHF_WR, shl_stdout);
+       shl_stdout_ok = true;
+       ksh_getopt_reset(&builtin_opt, GF_ERROR);
+       rv = (*tp->val.f)(wp);
+       shf_flush(shl_stdout);
+       shl_stdout_ok = false;
+       builtin_argv0 = NULL;
+       builtin_spec = false;
+       return (rv);
+}
+
+/*
+ * set up redirection, saving old fds in e->savefd
+ */
+static int
+iosetup(struct ioword *iop, struct tbl *tp)
+{
+       int u = -1;
+       char *cp = iop->ioname;
+       int iotype = iop->ioflag & IOTYPE;
+       bool do_open = true, do_close = false, do_fstat = false;
+       int flags = 0;
+       struct ioword iotmp;
+       struct stat statb;
+
+       if (iotype != IOHERE)
+               cp = evalonestr(cp, DOTILDE|(Flag(FTALKING_I) ? DOGLOB : 0));
+
+       /* Used for tracing and error messages to print expanded cp */
+       iotmp = *iop;
+       iotmp.ioname = (iotype == IOHERE) ? NULL : cp;
+       iotmp.ioflag |= IONAMEXP;
+
+       if (Flag(FXTRACE)) {
+               change_xtrace(2, false);
+               fptreef(shl_xtrace, 0, "%R", &iotmp);
+               change_xtrace(1, false);
+       }
+
+       switch (iotype) {
+       case IOREAD:
+               flags = O_RDONLY;
+               break;
+
+       case IOCAT:
+               flags = O_WRONLY | O_APPEND | O_CREAT;
+               break;
+
+       case IOWRITE:
+               if (Flag(FNOCLOBBER) && !(iop->ioflag & IOCLOB)) {
+                       /* >file under set -C */
+                       if (stat(cp, &statb)) {
+                               /* nonexistent file */
+                               flags = O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_EXCL;
+                       } else if (S_ISREG(statb.st_mode)) {
+                               /* regular file, refuse clobbering */
+                               goto clobber_refused;
+                       } else {
+                               /*
+                                * allow redirections to things
+                                * like /dev/null without error
+                                */
+                               flags = O_WRONLY;
+                               /* but check again after opening */
+                               do_fstat = true;
+                       }
+               } else {
+                       /* >|file or set +C */
+                       flags = O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC;
+               }
+               break;
+
+       case IORDWR:
+               flags = O_RDWR | O_CREAT;
+               break;
+
+       case IOHERE:
+               do_open = false;
+               /* herein() returns -2 if error has been printed */
+               u = herein(iop, NULL);
+               /* cp may have wrong name */
+               break;
+
+       case IODUP: {
+               const char *emsg;
+
+               do_open = false;
+               if (ksh_isdash(cp)) {
+                       /* prevent error return below */
+                       u = 1009;
+                       do_close = true;
+               } else if ((u = check_fd(cp,
+                   X_OK | ((iop->ioflag & IORDUP) ? R_OK : W_OK),
+                   &emsg)) < 0) {
+                       char *sp;
+
+                       warningf(true, "%s: %s",
+                           (sp = snptreef(NULL, 32, "%R", &iotmp)), emsg);
+                       afree(sp, ATEMP);
+                       return (-1);
+               }
+               if (u == (int)iop->unit)
+                       /* "dup from" == "dup to" */
+                       return (0);
+               break;
+           }
+       }
+
+       if (do_open) {
+               if (Flag(FRESTRICTED) && (flags & O_CREAT)) {
+                       warningf(true, "%s: %s", cp, "restricted");
+                       return (-1);
+               }
+               u = binopen3(cp, flags, 0666);
+               if (do_fstat && u >= 0) {
+                       /* prevent race conditions */
+                       if (fstat(u, &statb) || S_ISREG(statb.st_mode)) {
+                               close(u);
+ clobber_refused:
+                               u = -1;
+                               errno = EEXIST;
+                       }
+               }
+       }
+       if (u < 0) {
+               /* herein() may already have printed message */
+               if (u == -1) {
+                       u = errno;
+                       warningf(true, "can't %s %s: %s",
+                           iotype == IODUP ? "dup" :
+                           (iotype == IOREAD || iotype == IOHERE) ?
+                           "open" : "create", cp, cstrerror(u));
+               }
+               return (-1);
+       }
+       /* Do not save if it has already been redirected (i.e. "cat >x >y"). */
+       if (e->savefd[iop->unit] == 0) {
+               /* If these are the same, it means unit was previously closed */
+               if (u == (int)iop->unit)
+                       e->savefd[iop->unit] = -1;
+               else
+                       /*
+                        * c_exec() assumes e->savefd[fd] set for any
+                        * redirections. Ask savefd() not to close iop->unit;
+                        * this allows error messages to be seen if iop->unit
+                        * is 2; also means we can't lose the fd (eg, both
+                        * dup2 below and dup2 in restfd() failing).
+                        */
+                       e->savefd[iop->unit] = savefd(iop->unit);
+       }
+
+       if (do_close)
+               close(iop->unit);
+       else if (u != (int)iop->unit) {
+               if (ksh_dup2(u, iop->unit, true) < 0) {
+                       int eno;
+                       char *sp;
+
+                       eno = errno;
+                       warningf(true, "%s %s: %s",
+                           "can't finish (dup) redirection",
+                           (sp = snptreef(NULL, 32, "%R", &iotmp)),
+                           cstrerror(eno));
+                       afree(sp, ATEMP);
+                       if (iotype != IODUP)
+                               close(u);
+                       return (-1);
+               }
+               if (iotype != IODUP)
+                       close(u);
+               /*
+                * Touching any co-process fd in an empty exec
+                * causes the shell to close its copies
+                */
+               else if (tp && tp->type == CSHELL && tp->val.f == c_exec) {
+                       if (iop->ioflag & IORDUP)
+                               /* possible exec <&p */
+                               coproc_read_close(u);
+                       else
+                               /* possible exec >&p */
+                               coproc_write_close(u);
+               }
+       }
+       if (u == 2)
+               /* Clear any write errors */
+               shf_reopen(2, SHF_WR, shl_out);
+       return (0);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Process here documents by providing the content, either as
+ * result (globally allocated) string or in a temp file; if
+ * unquoted, the string is expanded first.
+ */
+static int
+hereinval(struct ioword *iop, int sub, char **resbuf, struct shf *shf)
+{
+       const char * volatile ccp = iop->heredoc;
+       struct source *s, *osource;
+
+       osource = source;
+       newenv(E_ERRH);
+       if (kshsetjmp(e->jbuf)) {
+               source = osource;
+               quitenv(shf);
+               /* special to iosetup(): don't print error */
+               return (-2);
+       }
+       if (iop->ioflag & IOHERESTR) {
+               ccp = evalstr(iop->delim, DOHERESTR | DOSCALAR | DOHEREDOC);
+       } else if (sub) {
+               /* do substitutions on the content of heredoc */
+               s = pushs(SSTRING, ATEMP);
+               s->start = s->str = ccp;
+               source = s;
+               if (yylex(sub) != LWORD)
+                       internal_errorf("herein: yylex");
+               source = osource;
+               ccp = evalstr(yylval.cp, DOSCALAR | DOHEREDOC);
+       }
+
+       if (resbuf == NULL)
+               shf_puts(ccp, shf);
+       else
+               strdupx(*resbuf, ccp, APERM);
+
+       quitenv(NULL);
+       return (0);
+}
+
+static int
+herein(struct ioword *iop, char **resbuf)
+{
+       int fd = -1;
+       struct shf *shf;
+       struct temp *h;
+       int i;
+
+       /* lexer substitution flags */
+       i = (iop->ioflag & IOEVAL) ? (ONEWORD | HEREDOC) : 0;
+
+       /* skip all the fd setup if we just want the value */
+       if (resbuf != NULL)
+               return (hereinval(iop, i, resbuf, NULL));
+
+       /*
+        * Create temp file to hold content (done before newenv
+        * so temp doesn't get removed too soon).
+        */
+       h = maketemp(ATEMP, TT_HEREDOC_EXP, &e->temps);
+       if (!(shf = h->shf) || (fd = binopen3(h->tffn, O_RDONLY, 0)) < 0) {
+               i = errno;
+               warningf(true, "can't %s temporary file %s: %s",
+                   !shf ? "create" : "open", h->tffn, cstrerror(i));
+               if (shf)
+                       shf_close(shf);
+               /* special to iosetup(): don't print error */
+               return (-2);
+       }
+
+       if (hereinval(iop, i, NULL, shf) == -2) {
+               close(fd);
+               /* special to iosetup(): don't print error */
+               return (-2);
+       }
+
+       if (shf_close(shf) == -1) {
+               i = errno;
+               close(fd);
+               warningf(true, "can't %s temporary file %s: %s",
+                   "write", h->tffn, cstrerror(i));
+               /* special to iosetup(): don't print error */
+               return (-2);
+       }
+
+       return (fd);
+}
+
+/*
+ *     ksh special - the select command processing section
+ *     print the args in column form - assuming that we can
+ */
+static const char *
+do_selectargs(const char **ap, bool print_menu)
+{
+       static const char *read_args[] = {
+               "read", "-r", "REPLY", NULL
+       };
+       char *s;
+       int i, argct;
+
+       for (argct = 0; ap[argct]; argct++)
+               ;
+       while (/* CONSTCOND */ 1) {
+               /*-
+                * Menu is printed if
+                *      - this is the first time around the select loop
+                *      - the user enters a blank line
+                *      - the REPLY parameter is empty
+                */
+               if (print_menu || !*str_val(global("REPLY")))
+                       pr_menu(ap);
+               shellf("%s", str_val(global("PS3")));
+               if (call_builtin(findcom("read", FC_BI), read_args, Tselect,
+                   false))
+                       return (NULL);
+               if (*(s = str_val(global("REPLY"))))
+                       return ((getn(s, &i) && i >= 1 && i <= argct) ?
+                           ap[i - 1] : null);
+               print_menu = true;
+       }
+}
+
+struct select_menu_info {
+       const char * const *args;
+       int num_width;
+};
+
+/* format a single select menu item */
+static void
+select_fmt_entry(char *buf, size_t buflen, unsigned int i, const void *arg)
+{
+       const struct select_menu_info *smi =
+           (const struct select_menu_info *)arg;
+
+       shf_snprintf(buf, buflen, "%*u) %s",
+           smi->num_width, i + 1, smi->args[i]);
+}
+
+/*
+ *     print a select style menu
+ */
+void
+pr_menu(const char * const *ap)
+{
+       struct select_menu_info smi;
+       const char * const *pp;
+       size_t acols = 0, aocts = 0, i;
+       unsigned int n;
+
+       /*
+        * width/column calculations were done once and saved, but this
+        * means select can't be used recursively so we re-calculate
+        * each time (could save in a structure that is returned, but
+        * it's probably not worth the bother)
+        */
+
+       /*
+        * get dimensions of the list
+        */
+       for (n = 0, pp = ap; *pp; n++, pp++) {
+               i = strlen(*pp);
+               if (i > aocts)
+                       aocts = i;
+               i = utf_mbswidth(*pp);
+               if (i > acols)
+                       acols = i;
+       }
+
+       /*
+        * we will print an index of the form "%d) " in front of
+        * each entry, so get the maximum width of this
+        */
+       for (i = n, smi.num_width = 1; i >= 10; i /= 10)
+               smi.num_width++;
+
+       smi.args = ap;
+       print_columns(shl_out, n, select_fmt_entry, (void *)&smi,
+           smi.num_width + 2 + aocts, smi.num_width + 2 + acols,
+           true);
+}
+
+static void
+plain_fmt_entry(char *buf, size_t buflen, unsigned int i, const void *arg)
+{
+       strlcpy(buf, ((const char * const *)arg)[i], buflen);
+}
+
+void
+pr_list(char * const *ap)
+{
+       size_t acols = 0, aocts = 0, i;
+       unsigned int n;
+       char * const *pp;
+
+       for (n = 0, pp = ap; *pp; n++, pp++) {
+               i = strlen(*pp);
+               if (i > aocts)
+                       aocts = i;
+               i = utf_mbswidth(*pp);
+               if (i > acols)
+                       acols = i;
+       }
+
+       print_columns(shl_out, n, plain_fmt_entry, (const void *)ap,
+           aocts, acols, false);
+}
+
+/*
+ *     [[ ... ]] evaluation routines
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Test if the current token is a whatever. Accepts the current token if
+ * it is. Returns 0 if it is not, non-zero if it is (in the case of
+ * TM_UNOP and TM_BINOP, the returned value is a Test_op).
+ */
+static Test_op
+dbteste_isa(Test_env *te, Test_meta meta)
+{
+       Test_op ret = TO_NONOP;
+       bool uqword;
+       const char *p;
+
+       if (!*te->pos.wp)
+               return (meta == TM_END ? TO_NONNULL : TO_NONOP);
+
+       /* unquoted word? */
+       for (p = *te->pos.wp; *p == CHAR; p += 2)
+               ;
+       uqword = *p == EOS;
+
+       if (meta == TM_UNOP || meta == TM_BINOP) {
+               if (uqword) {
+                       /* longer than the longest operator */
+                       char buf[8];
+                       char *q = buf;
+
+                       p = *te->pos.wp;
+                       while (*p++ == CHAR &&
+                           (size_t)(q - buf) < sizeof(buf) - 1)
+                               *q++ = *p++;
+                       *q = '\0';
+                       ret = test_isop(meta, buf);
+               }
+       } else if (meta == TM_END)
+               ret = TO_NONOP;
+       else
+               ret = (uqword && !strcmp(*te->pos.wp,
+                   dbtest_tokens[(int)meta])) ? TO_NONNULL : TO_NONOP;
+
+       /* Accept the token? */
+       if (ret != TO_NONOP)
+               te->pos.wp++;
+
+       return (ret);
+}
+
+static const char *
+dbteste_getopnd(Test_env *te, Test_op op, bool do_eval)
+{
+       const char *s = *te->pos.wp;
+       int flags = DOTILDE | DOSCALAR;
+
+       if (!s)
+               return (NULL);
+
+       te->pos.wp++;
+
+       if (!do_eval)
+               return (null);
+
+       if (op == TO_STEQL || op == TO_STNEQ)
+               flags |= DOPAT;
+
+       return (evalstr(s, flags));
+}
+
+static void
+dbteste_error(Test_env *te, int offset, const char *msg)
+{
+       te->flags |= TEF_ERROR;
+       internal_warningf("dbteste_error: %s (offset %d)", msg, offset);
+}
diff --git a/source/sh/expr.c b/source/sh/expr.c
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..cf08b50
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,1205 @@
+/*     $OpenBSD: expr.c,v 1.24 2014/12/08 14:26:31 otto Exp $  */
+
+/*-
+ * Copyright (c) 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010,
+ *              2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2016
+ *     mirabilos <m@mirbsd.org>
+ *
+ * Provided that these terms and disclaimer and all copyright notices
+ * are retained or reproduced in an accompanying document, permission
+ * is granted to deal in this work without restriction, including un-
+ * limited rights to use, publicly perform, distribute, sell, modify,
+ * merge, give away, or sublicence.
+ *
+ * This work is provided "AS IS" and WITHOUT WARRANTY of any kind, to
+ * the utmost extent permitted by applicable law, neither express nor
+ * implied; without malicious intent or gross negligence. In no event
+ * may a licensor, author or contributor be held liable for indirect,
+ * direct, other damage, loss, or other issues arising in any way out
+ * of dealing in the work, even if advised of the possibility of such
+ * damage or existence of a defect, except proven that it results out
+ * of said person's immediate fault when using the work as intended.
+ */
+
+#include "sh.h"
+
+__RCSID("$MirOS: src/bin/mksh/expr.c,v 1.83 2016/03/01 18:29:38 tg Exp $");
+
+/* the order of these enums is constrained by the order of opinfo[] */
+enum token {
+       /* some (long) unary operators */
+       O_PLUSPLUS = 0, O_MINUSMINUS,
+       /* binary operators */
+       O_EQ, O_NE,
+       /* assignments are assumed to be in range O_ASN .. O_BORASN */
+       O_ASN, O_TIMESASN, O_DIVASN, O_MODASN, O_PLUSASN, O_MINUSASN,
+#ifndef MKSH_LEGACY_MODE
+       O_ROLASN, O_RORASN,
+#endif
+       O_LSHIFTASN, O_RSHIFTASN, O_BANDASN, O_BXORASN, O_BORASN,
+       /* binary non-assignment operators */
+#ifndef MKSH_LEGACY_MODE
+       O_ROL, O_ROR,
+#endif
+       O_LSHIFT, O_RSHIFT,
+       O_LE, O_GE, O_LT, O_GT,
+       O_LAND,
+       O_LOR,
+       O_TIMES, O_DIV, O_MOD,
+       O_PLUS, O_MINUS,
+       O_BAND,
+       O_BXOR,
+       O_BOR,
+       O_TERN,
+       O_COMMA,
+       /* things after this aren't used as binary operators */
+       /* unary that are not also binaries */
+       O_BNOT, O_LNOT,
+       /* misc */
+       OPEN_PAREN, CLOSE_PAREN, CTERN,
+       /* things that don't appear in the opinfo[] table */
+       VAR, LIT, END, BAD
+};
+#define IS_ASSIGNOP(op)        ((int)(op) >= (int)O_ASN && (int)(op) <= (int)O_BORASN)
+
+/* precisions; used to be enum prec but we do arithmetics on it */
+#define P_PRIMARY      0       /* VAR, LIT, (), ! ~ ++ -- */
+#define P_MULT         1       /* * / % */
+#define P_ADD          2       /* + - */
+#define P_SHIFT                3       /* <<< >>> << >> */
+#define P_RELATION     4       /* < <= > >= */
+#define P_EQUALITY     5       /* == != */
+#define P_BAND         6       /* & */
+#define P_BXOR         7       /* ^ */
+#define P_BOR          8       /* | */
+#define P_LAND         9       /* && */
+#define P_LOR          10      /* || */
+#define P_TERN         11      /* ?: */
+       /* = += -= *= /= %= <<<= >>>= <<= >>= &= ^= |= */
+#define P_ASSIGN       12
+#define P_COMMA                13      /* , */
+#define MAX_PREC       P_COMMA
+
+struct opinfo {
+       char name[5];
+       /* name length */
+       uint8_t len;
+       /* precedence: lower is higher */
+       uint8_t prec;
+};
+
+/*
+ * Tokens in this table must be ordered so the longest are first
+ * (eg, += before +). If you change something, change the order
+ * of enum token too.
+ */
+static const struct opinfo opinfo[] = {
+       { "++",   2, P_PRIMARY },       /* before + */
+       { "--",   2, P_PRIMARY },       /* before - */
+       { "==",   2, P_EQUALITY },      /* before = */
+       { "!=",   2, P_EQUALITY },      /* before ! */
+       { "=",    1, P_ASSIGN },        /* keep assigns in a block */
+       { "*=",   2, P_ASSIGN },
+       { "/=",   2, P_ASSIGN },
+       { "%=",   2, P_ASSIGN },
+       { "+=",   2, P_ASSIGN },
+       { "-=",   2, P_ASSIGN },
+#ifndef MKSH_LEGACY_MODE
+       { "<<<=", 4, P_ASSIGN },        /* before <<< */
+       { ">>>=", 4, P_ASSIGN },        /* before >>> */
+#endif
+       { "<<=",  3, P_ASSIGN },
+       { ">>=",  3, P_ASSIGN },
+       { "&=",   2, P_ASSIGN },
+       { "^=",   2, P_ASSIGN },
+       { "|=",   2, P_ASSIGN },
+#ifndef MKSH_LEGACY_MODE
+       { "<<<",  3, P_SHIFT },         /* before << */
+       { ">>>",  3, P_SHIFT },         /* before >> */
+#endif
+       { "<<",   2, P_SHIFT },
+       { ">>",   2, P_SHIFT },
+       { "<=",   2, P_RELATION },
+       { ">=",   2, P_RELATION },
+       { "<",    1, P_RELATION },
+       { ">",    1, P_RELATION },
+       { "&&",   2, P_LAND },
+       { "||",   2, P_LOR },
+       { "*",    1, P_MULT },
+       { "/",    1, P_MULT },
+       { "%",    1, P_MULT },
+       { "+",    1, P_ADD },
+       { "-",    1, P_ADD },
+       { "&",    1, P_BAND },
+       { "^",    1, P_BXOR },
+       { "|",    1, P_BOR },
+       { "?",    1, P_TERN },
+       { ",",    1, P_COMMA },
+       { "~",    1, P_PRIMARY },
+       { "!",    1, P_PRIMARY },
+       { "(",    1, P_PRIMARY },
+       { ")",    1, P_PRIMARY },
+       { ":",    1, P_PRIMARY },
+       { "",     0, P_PRIMARY }
+};
+
+typedef struct expr_state {
+       /* expression being evaluated */
+       const char *expression;
+       /* lexical position */
+       const char *tokp;
+       /* value from token() */
+       struct tbl *val;
+       /* variable that is being recursively expanded (EXPRINEVAL flag set) */
+       struct tbl *evaling;
+       /* token from token() */
+       enum token tok;
+       /* don't do assignments (for ?:, &&, ||) */
+       uint8_t noassign;
+       /* evaluating an $(()) expression? */
+       bool arith;
+       /* unsigned arithmetic calculation */
+       bool natural;
+} Expr_state;
+
+enum error_type {
+       ET_UNEXPECTED, ET_BADLIT, ET_RECURSIVE,
+       ET_LVALUE, ET_RDONLY, ET_STR
+};
+
+static void evalerr(Expr_state *, enum error_type, const char *)
+    MKSH_A_NORETURN;
+static struct tbl *evalexpr(Expr_state *, unsigned int);
+static void exprtoken(Expr_state *);
+static struct tbl *do_ppmm(Expr_state *, enum token, struct tbl *, bool);
+static void assign_check(Expr_state *, enum token, struct tbl *);
+static struct tbl *intvar(Expr_state *, struct tbl *);
+
+/*
+ * parse and evaluate expression
+ */
+int
+evaluate(const char *expr, mksh_ari_t *rval, int error_ok, bool arith)
+{
+       struct tbl v;
+       int ret;
+
+       v.flag = DEFINED | INTEGER;
+       v.type = 0;
+       ret = v_evaluate(&v, expr, error_ok, arith);
+       *rval = v.val.i;
+       return (ret);
+}
+
+/*
+ * parse and evaluate expression, storing result in vp.
+ */
+int
+v_evaluate(struct tbl *vp, const char *expr, volatile int error_ok,
+    bool arith)
+{
+       struct tbl *v;
+       Expr_state curstate;
+       Expr_state * const es = &curstate;
+       int i;
+
+       /* save state to allow recursive calls */
+       memset(&curstate, 0, sizeof(curstate));
+       curstate.expression = curstate.tokp = expr;
+       curstate.tok = BAD;
+       curstate.arith = arith;
+
+       newenv(E_ERRH);
+       if ((i = kshsetjmp(e->jbuf))) {
+               /* Clear EXPRINEVAL in of any variables we were playing with */
+               if (curstate.evaling)
+                       curstate.evaling->flag &= ~EXPRINEVAL;
+               quitenv(NULL);
+               if (i == LAEXPR) {
+                       if (error_ok == KSH_RETURN_ERROR)
+                               return (0);
+                       errorfz();
+               }
+               unwind(i);
+               /* NOTREACHED */
+       }
+
+       exprtoken(es);
+       if (es->tok == END) {
+               es->tok = LIT;
+               es->val = tempvar("");
+       }
+       v = intvar(es, evalexpr(es, MAX_PREC));
+
+       if (es->tok != END)
+               evalerr(es, ET_UNEXPECTED, NULL);
+
+       if (es->arith && es->natural)
+               vp->flag |= INT_U;
+       if (vp->flag & INTEGER)
+               setint_v(vp, v, es->arith);
+       else
+               /* can fail if readonly */
+               setstr(vp, str_val(v), error_ok);
+
+       quitenv(NULL);
+
+       return (1);
+}
+
+static void
+evalerr(Expr_state *es, enum error_type type, const char *str)
+{
+       char tbuf[2];
+       const char *s;
+
+       es->arith = false;
+       switch (type) {
+       case ET_UNEXPECTED:
+               switch (es->tok) {
+               case VAR:
+                       s = es->val->name;
+                       break;
+               case LIT:
+                       s = str_val(es->val);
+                       break;
+               case END:
+                       s = "end of expression";
+                       break;
+               case BAD:
+                       tbuf[0] = *es->tokp;
+                       tbuf[1] = '\0';
+                       s = tbuf;
+                       break;
+               default:
+                       s = opinfo[(int)es->tok].name;
+               }
+               warningf(true, "%s: %s '%s'", es->expression,
+                   "unexpected", s);
+               break;
+
+       case ET_BADLIT:
+               warningf(true, "%s: %s '%s'", es->expression,
+                   "bad number", str);
+               break;
+
+       case ET_RECURSIVE:
+               warningf(true, "%s: %s '%s'", es->expression,
+                   "expression recurses on parameter", str);
+               break;
+
+       case ET_LVALUE:
+               warningf(true, "%s: %s %s",
+                   es->expression, str, "requires lvalue");
+               break;
+
+       case ET_RDONLY:
+               warningf(true, "%s: %s %s",
+                   es->expression, str, "applied to read-only variable");
+               break;
+
+       default: /* keep gcc happy */
+       case ET_STR:
+               warningf(true, "%s: %s", es->expression, str);
+               break;
+       }
+       unwind(LAEXPR);
+}
+
+/* do a ++ or -- operation */
+static struct tbl *
+do_ppmm(Expr_state *es, enum token op, struct tbl *vasn, bool is_prefix)
+{
+       struct tbl *vl;
+       mksh_uari_t oval;
+
+       assign_check(es, op, vasn);
+
+       vl = intvar(es, vasn);
+       oval = vl->val.u;
+       if (op == O_PLUSPLUS)
+               ++vl->val.u;
+       else
+               --vl->val.u;
+       if (!es->noassign) {
+               if (vasn->flag & INTEGER)
+                       setint_v(vasn, vl, es->arith);
+               else
+                       setint(vasn, vl->val.i);
+       }
+       if (!is_prefix)
+               /* undo the increment/decrement */
+               vl->val.u = oval;
+
+       return (vl);
+}
+
+static struct tbl *
+evalexpr(Expr_state *es, unsigned int prec)
+{
+       struct tbl *vl, *vr = NULL, *vasn;
+       enum token op;
+       mksh_uari_t res = 0, t1, t2, t3;
+
+       if (prec == P_PRIMARY) {
+               switch ((int)(op = es->tok)) {
+               case O_BNOT:
+               case O_LNOT:
+               case O_MINUS:
+               case O_PLUS:
+                       exprtoken(es);
+                       vl = intvar(es, evalexpr(es, P_PRIMARY));
+                       switch ((int)op) {
+                       case O_BNOT:
+                               vl->val.u = ~vl->val.u;
+                               break;
+                       case O_LNOT:
+                               vl->val.u = !vl->val.u;
+                               break;
+                       case O_MINUS:
+                               vl->val.u = -vl->val.u;
+                               break;
+                       case O_PLUS:
+                               /* nop */
+                               break;
+                       }
+                       break;
+
+               case OPEN_PAREN:
+                       exprtoken(es);
+                       vl = evalexpr(es, MAX_PREC);
+                       if (es->tok != CLOSE_PAREN)
+                               evalerr(es, ET_STR, "missing )");
+                       exprtoken(es);
+                       break;
+
+               case O_PLUSPLUS:
+               case O_MINUSMINUS:
+                       exprtoken(es);
+                       vl = do_ppmm(es, op, es->val, true);
+                       exprtoken(es);
+                       break;
+
+               case VAR:
+               case LIT:
+                       vl = es->val;
+                       exprtoken(es);
+                       break;
+
+               default:
+                       evalerr(es, ET_UNEXPECTED, NULL);
+                       /* NOTREACHED */
+               }
+
+               if (es->tok == O_PLUSPLUS || es->tok == O_MINUSMINUS) {
+                       vl = do_ppmm(es, es->tok, vl, false);
+                       exprtoken(es);
+               }
+
+               return (vl);
+               /* prec == P_PRIMARY */
+       }
+
+       vl = evalexpr(es, prec - 1);
+       while ((int)(op = es->tok) >= (int)O_EQ && (int)op <= (int)O_COMMA &&
+           opinfo[(int)op].prec == prec) {
+               exprtoken(es);
+               vasn = vl;
+               if (op != O_ASN)
+                       /* vl may not have a value yet */
+                       vl = intvar(es, vl);
+               if (IS_ASSIGNOP(op)) {
+                       if (!es->noassign)
+                               assign_check(es, op, vasn);
+                       vr = intvar(es, evalexpr(es, P_ASSIGN));
+               } else if (op == O_TERN) {
+                       bool ev = vl->val.u != 0;
+
+                       if (!ev)
+                               es->noassign++;
+                       vl = evalexpr(es, MAX_PREC);
+                       if (!ev)
+                               es->noassign--;
+                       if (es->tok != CTERN)
+                               evalerr(es, ET_STR, "missing :");
+                       exprtoken(es);
+                       if (ev)
+                               es->noassign++;
+                       vr = evalexpr(es, P_TERN);
+                       if (ev)
+                               es->noassign--;
+                       vl = ev ? vl : vr;
+                       continue;
+               } else if (op != O_LAND && op != O_LOR)
+                       vr = intvar(es, evalexpr(es, prec - 1));
+
+               /* common ops setup */
+               switch ((int)op) {
+               case O_DIV:
+               case O_DIVASN:
+               case O_MOD:
+               case O_MODASN:
+                       if (vr->val.u == 0) {
+                               if (!es->noassign)
+                                       evalerr(es, ET_STR, "zero divisor");
+                               vr->val.u = 1;
+                       }
+                       /* calculate the absolute values */
+                       t1 = vl->val.i < 0 ? -vl->val.u : vl->val.u;
+                       t2 = vr->val.i < 0 ? -vr->val.u : vr->val.u;
+                       break;
+#ifndef MKSH_LEGACY_MODE
+               case O_LSHIFT:
+               case O_LSHIFTASN:
+               case O_RSHIFT:
+               case O_RSHIFTASN:
+               case O_ROL:
+               case O_ROLASN:
+               case O_ROR:
+               case O_RORASN:
+                       t1 = vl->val.u;
+                       t2 = vr->val.u & 31;
+                       break;
+#endif
+               case O_LAND:
+               case O_LOR:
+                       t1 = vl->val.u;
+                       t2 = 0; /* gcc */
+                       break;
+               default:
+                       t1 = vl->val.u;
+                       t2 = vr->val.u;
+                       break;
+               }
+
+#define cmpop(op)      (es->natural ?                  \
+       (mksh_uari_t)(vl->val.u op vr->val.u) :         \
+       (mksh_uari_t)(vl->val.i op vr->val.i)           \
+)
+
+               /* op calculation */
+               switch ((int)op) {
+               case O_TIMES:
+               case O_TIMESASN:
+                       res = t1 * t2;
+                       break;
+               case O_MOD:
+               case O_MODASN:
+                       if (es->natural) {
+                               res = vl->val.u % vr->val.u;
+                               break;
+                       }
+                       goto signed_division;
+               case O_DIV:
+               case O_DIVASN:
+                       if (es->natural) {
+                               res = vl->val.u / vr->val.u;
+                               break;
+                       }
+ signed_division:
+                       /*
+                        * a / b = abs(a) / abs(b) * sgn((u)a^(u)b)
+                        */
+                       t3 = t1 / t2;
+#ifndef MKSH_LEGACY_MODE
+                       res = ((vl->val.u ^ vr->val.u) & 0x80000000) ? -t3 : t3;
+#else
+                       res = ((t1 == vl->val.u ? 0 : 1) ^
+                           (t2 == vr->val.u ? 0 : 1)) ? -t3 : t3;
+#endif
+                       if (op == O_MOD || op == O_MODASN) {
+                               /*
+                                * primitive modulo, to get the sign of
+                                * the result correct:
+                                * (a % b) = a - ((a / b) * b)
+                                * the subtraction and multiplication
+                                * are, amazingly enough, sign ignorant
+                                */
+                               res = vl->val.u - (res * vr->val.u);
+                       }
+                       break;
+               case O_PLUS:
+               case O_PLUSASN:
+                       res = t1 + t2;
+                       break;
+               case O_MINUS:
+               case O_MINUSASN:
+                       res = t1 - t2;
+                       break;
+#ifndef MKSH_LEGACY_MODE
+               case O_ROL:
+               case O_ROLASN:
+                       res = (t1 << t2) | (t1 >> (32 - t2));
+                       break;
+               case O_ROR:
+               case O_RORASN:
+                       res = (t1 >> t2) | (t1 << (32 - t2));
+                       break;
+#endif
+               case O_LSHIFT:
+               case O_LSHIFTASN:
+                       res = t1 << t2;
+                       break;
+               case O_RSHIFT:
+               case O_RSHIFTASN:
+                       res = es->natural || vl->val.i >= 0 ?
+                           t1 >> t2 :
+                           ~(~t1 >> t2);
+                       break;
+               case O_LT:
+                       res = cmpop(<);
+                       break;
+               case O_LE:
+                       res = cmpop(<=);
+                       break;
+               case O_GT:
+                       res = cmpop(>);
+                       break;
+               case O_GE:
+                       res = cmpop(>=);
+                       break;
+               case O_EQ:
+                       res = t1 == t2;
+                       break;
+               case O_NE:
+                       res = t1 != t2;
+                       break;
+               case O_BAND:
+               case O_BANDASN:
+                       res = t1 & t2;
+                       break;
+               case O_BXOR:
+               case O_BXORASN:
+                       res = t1 ^ t2;
+                       break;
+               case O_BOR:
+               case O_BORASN:
+                       res = t1 | t2;
+                       break;
+               case O_LAND:
+                       if (!t1)
+                               es->noassign++;
+                       vr = intvar(es, evalexpr(es, prec - 1));
+                       res = t1 && vr->val.u;
+                       if (!t1)
+                               es->noassign--;
+                       break;
+               case O_LOR:
+                       if (t1)
+                               es->noassign++;
+                       vr = intvar(es, evalexpr(es, prec - 1));
+                       res = t1 || vr->val.u;
+                       if (t1)
+                               es->noassign--;
+                       break;
+               case O_ASN:
+               case O_COMMA:
+                       res = t2;
+                       break;
+               }
+
+#undef cmpop
+
+               if (IS_ASSIGNOP(op)) {
+                       vr->val.u = res;
+                       if (!es->noassign) {
+                               if (vasn->flag & INTEGER)
+                                       setint_v(vasn, vr, es->arith);
+                               else
+                                       setint(vasn, vr->val.i);
+                       }
+                       vl = vr;
+               } else
+                       vl->val.u = res;
+       }
+       return (vl);
+}
+
+static void
+exprtoken(Expr_state *es)
+{
+       const char *cp = es->tokp;
+       int c;
+       char *tvar;
+
+       /* skip whitespace */
+ skip_spaces:
+       while ((c = *cp), ksh_isspace(c))
+               ++cp;
+       if (es->tokp == es->expression && c == '#') {
+               /* expression begins with # */
+               /* switch to unsigned */
+               es->natural = true;
+               ++cp;
+               goto skip_spaces;
+       }
+       es->tokp = cp;
+
+       if (c == '\0')
+               es->tok = END;
+       else if (ksh_isalphx(c)) {
+               for (; ksh_isalnux(c); c = *cp)
+                       cp++;
+               if (c == '[') {
+                       size_t len;
+
+                       len = array_ref_len(cp);
+                       if (len == 0)
+                               evalerr(es, ET_STR, "missing ]");
+                       cp += len;
+               }
+               if (es->noassign) {
+                       es->val = tempvar("");
+                       es->val->flag |= EXPRLVALUE;
+               } else {
+                       strndupx(tvar, es->tokp, cp - es->tokp, ATEMP);
+                       es->val = global(tvar);
+                       afree(tvar, ATEMP);
+               }
+               es->tok = VAR;
+       } else if (c == '1' && cp[1] == '#') {
+               cp += 2;
+               if (*cp)
+                       cp += utf_ptradj(cp);
+               strndupx(tvar, es->tokp, cp - es->tokp, ATEMP);
+               goto process_tvar;
+#ifndef MKSH_SMALL
+       } else if (c == '\'') {
+               if (*++cp == '\0') {
+                       es->tok = END;
+                       evalerr(es, ET_UNEXPECTED, NULL);
+               }
+               cp += utf_ptradj(cp);
+               if (*cp++ != '\'')
+                       evalerr(es, ET_STR,
+                           "multi-character character constant");
+               /* 'x' -> 1#x (x = one multibyte character) */
+               c = cp - es->tokp;
+               tvar = alloc(c + /* NUL */ 1, ATEMP);
+               tvar[0] = '1';
+               tvar[1] = '#';
+               memcpy(tvar + 2, es->tokp + 1, c - 2);
+               tvar[c] = '\0';
+               goto process_tvar;
+#endif
+       } else if (ksh_isdigit(c)) {
+               while (c != '_' && (ksh_isalnux(c) || c == '#'))
+                       c = *cp++;
+               strndupx(tvar, es->tokp, --cp - es->tokp, ATEMP);
+ process_tvar:
+               es->val = tempvar("");
+               es->val->flag &= ~INTEGER;
+               es->val->type = 0;
+               es->val->val.s = tvar;
+               if (setint_v(es->val, es->val, es->arith) == NULL)
+                       evalerr(es, ET_BADLIT, tvar);
+               afree(tvar, ATEMP);
+               es->tok = LIT;
+       } else {
+               int i, n0;
+
+               for (i = 0; (n0 = opinfo[i].name[0]); i++)
+                       if (c == n0 && strncmp(cp, opinfo[i].name,
+                           (size_t)opinfo[i].len) == 0) {
+                               es->tok = (enum token)i;
+                               cp += opinfo[i].len;
+                               break;
+                       }
+               if (!n0)
+                       es->tok = BAD;
+       }
+       es->tokp = cp;
+}
+
+static void
+assign_check(Expr_state *es, enum token op, struct tbl *vasn)
+{
+       if (es->tok == END || !vasn ||
+           (vasn->name[0] == '\0' && !(vasn->flag & EXPRLVALUE)))
+               evalerr(es, ET_LVALUE, opinfo[(int)op].name);
+       else if (vasn->flag & RDONLY)
+               evalerr(es, ET_RDONLY, opinfo[(int)op].name);
+}
+
+struct tbl *
+tempvar(const char *vname)
+{
+       struct tbl *vp;
+       size_t vsize;
+
+       vsize = strlen(vname) + 1;
+       vp = alloc(offsetof(struct tbl, name[0]) + vsize, ATEMP);
+       memcpy(vp->name, vname, vsize);
+       vp->flag = ISSET|INTEGER;
+       vp->type = 0;
+       vp->areap = ATEMP;
+       vp->ua.hval = 0;
+       vp->val.i = 0;
+       return (vp);
+}
+
+/* cast (string) variable to temporary integer variable */
+static struct tbl *
+intvar(Expr_state *es, struct tbl *vp)
+{
+       struct tbl *vq;
+
+       /* try to avoid replacing a temp var with another temp var */
+       if (vp->name[0] == '\0' &&
+           (vp->flag & (ISSET|INTEGER|EXPRLVALUE)) == (ISSET|INTEGER))
+               return (vp);
+
+       vq = tempvar("");
+       if (setint_v(vq, vp, es->arith) == NULL) {
+               if (vp->flag & EXPRINEVAL)
+                       evalerr(es, ET_RECURSIVE, vp->name);
+               es->evaling = vp;
+               vp->flag |= EXPRINEVAL;
+               v_evaluate(vq, str_val(vp), KSH_UNWIND_ERROR, es->arith);
+               vp->flag &= ~EXPRINEVAL;
+               es->evaling = NULL;
+       }
+       return (vq);
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * UTF-8 support code: high-level functions
+ */
+
+int
+utf_widthadj(const char *src, const char **dst)
+{
+       size_t len;
+       unsigned int wc;
+       int width;
+
+       if (!UTFMODE || (len = utf_mbtowc(&wc, src)) == (size_t)-1 ||
+           wc == 0)
+               len = width = 1;
+       else if ((width = utf_wcwidth(wc)) < 0)
+               /* XXX use 2 for x_zotc3 here? */
+               width = 1;
+
+       if (dst)
+               *dst = src + len;
+       return (width);
+}
+
+size_t
+utf_mbswidth(const char *s)
+{
+       size_t len, width = 0;
+       unsigned int wc;
+       int cw;
+
+       if (!UTFMODE)
+               return (strlen(s));
+
+       while (*s)
+               if (((len = utf_mbtowc(&wc, s)) == (size_t)-1) ||
+                   ((cw = utf_wcwidth(wc)) == -1)) {
+                       s++;
+                       width += 1;
+               } else {
+                       s += len;
+                       width += cw;
+               }
+       return (width);
+}
+
+const char *
+utf_skipcols(const char *p, int cols)
+{
+       int c = 0;
+
+       while (c < cols) {
+               if (!*p)
+                       return (p + cols - c);
+               c += utf_widthadj(p, &p);
+       }
+       return (p);
+}
+
+size_t
+utf_ptradj(const char *src)
+{
+       register size_t n;
+
+       if (!UTFMODE ||
+           *(const unsigned char *)(src) < 0xC2 ||
+           (n = utf_mbtowc(NULL, src)) == (size_t)-1)
+               n = 1;
+       return (n);
+}
+
+/*
+ * UTF-8 support code: low-level functions
+ */
+
+/* CESU-8 multibyte and wide character conversion crafted for mksh */
+
+size_t
+utf_mbtowc(unsigned int *dst, const char *src)
+{
+       const unsigned char *s = (const unsigned char *)src;
+       unsigned int c, wc;
+
+       if ((wc = *s++) < 0x80) {
+ out:
+               if (dst != NULL)
+                       *dst = wc;
+               return (wc ? ((const char *)s - src) : 0);
+       }
+       if (wc < 0xC2 || wc >= 0xF0)
+               /* < 0xC0: spurious second byte */
+               /* < 0xC2: non-minimalistic mapping error in 2-byte seqs */
+               /* > 0xEF: beyond BMP */
+               goto ilseq;
+
+       if (wc < 0xE0) {
+               wc = (wc & 0x1F) << 6;
+               if (((c = *s++) & 0xC0) != 0x80)
+                       goto ilseq;
+               wc |= c & 0x3F;
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       wc = (wc & 0x0F) << 12;
+
+       if (((c = *s++) & 0xC0) != 0x80)
+               goto ilseq;
+       wc |= (c & 0x3F) << 6;
+
+       if (((c = *s++) & 0xC0) != 0x80)
+               goto ilseq;
+       wc |= c & 0x3F;
+
+       /* Check for non-minimalistic mapping error in 3-byte seqs */
+       if (wc >= 0x0800 && wc <= 0xFFFD)
+               goto out;
+ ilseq:
+       return ((size_t)(-1));
+}
+
+size_t
+utf_wctomb(char *dst, unsigned int wc)
+{
+       unsigned char *d;
+
+       if (wc < 0x80) {
+               *dst = wc;
+               return (1);
+       }
+
+       d = (unsigned char *)dst;
+       if (wc < 0x0800)
+               *d++ = (wc >> 6) | 0xC0;
+       else {
+               *d++ = ((wc = wc > 0xFFFD ? 0xFFFD : wc) >> 12) | 0xE0;
+               *d++ = ((wc >> 6) & 0x3F) | 0x80;
+       }
+       *d++ = (wc & 0x3F) | 0x80;
+       return ((char *)d - dst);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Wrapper around access(2) because it says root can execute everything
+ * on some operating systems. Does not set errno, no user needs it. Use
+ * this iff mode can have the X_OK bit set, access otherwise.
+ */
+int
+ksh_access(const char *fn, int mode)
+{
+       int rv;
+       struct stat sb;
+
+       if ((rv = access(fn, mode)) == 0 && kshuid == 0 && (mode & X_OK) &&
+           (rv = stat(fn, &sb)) == 0 && !S_ISDIR(sb.st_mode) &&
+           (sb.st_mode & (S_IXUSR|S_IXGRP|S_IXOTH)) == 0)
+               rv = -1;
+
+       return (rv);
+}
+
+#ifndef MIRBSD_BOOTFLOPPY
+/* From: X11/xc/programs/xterm/wcwidth.c,v 1.8 2014/06/24 19:53:53 tg Exp $ */
+
+struct mb_ucsrange {
+       unsigned short beg;
+       unsigned short end;
+};
+
+static int mb_ucsbsearch(const struct mb_ucsrange arr[], size_t elems,
+    unsigned int val) MKSH_A_PURE;
+
+/*
+ * Generated by MirOS: contrib/code/Snippets/eawparse,v 1.2 2013/11/30 13:45:17 tg Exp $
+ * from the Unicode Character Database, Version 7.0.0
+ */
+
+static const struct mb_ucsrange mb_ucs_combining[] = {
+       { 0x0300, 0x036F },
+       { 0x0483, 0x0489 },
+       { 0x0591, 0x05BD },
+       { 0x05BF, 0x05BF },
+       { 0x05C1, 0x05C2 },
+       { 0x05C4, 0x05C5 },
+       { 0x05C7, 0x05C7 },
+       { 0x0600, 0x0605 },
+       { 0x0610, 0x061A },
+       { 0x061C, 0x061C },
+       { 0x064B, 0x065F },
+       { 0x0670, 0x0670 },
+       { 0x06D6, 0x06DD },
+       { 0x06DF, 0x06E4 },
+       { 0x06E7, 0x06E8 },
+       { 0x06EA, 0x06ED },
+       { 0x070F, 0x070F },
+       { 0x0711, 0x0711 },
+       { 0x0730, 0x074A },
+       { 0x07A6, 0x07B0 },
+       { 0x07EB, 0x07F3 },
+       { 0x0816, 0x0819 },
+       { 0x081B, 0x0823 },
+       { 0x0825, 0x0827 },
+       { 0x0829, 0x082D },
+       { 0x0859, 0x085B },
+       { 0x08E4, 0x0902 },
+       { 0x093A, 0x093A },
+       { 0x093C, 0x093C },
+       { 0x0941, 0x0948 },
+       { 0x094D, 0x094D },
+       { 0x0951, 0x0957 },
+       { 0x0962, 0x0963 },
+       { 0x0981, 0x0981 },
+       { 0x09BC, 0x09BC },
+       { 0x09C1, 0x09C4 },
+       { 0x09CD, 0x09CD },
+       { 0x09E2, 0x09E3 },
+       { 0x0A01, 0x0A02 },
+       { 0x0A3C, 0x0A3C },
+       { 0x0A41, 0x0A42 },
+       { 0x0A47, 0x0A48 },
+       { 0x0A4B, 0x0A4D },
+       { 0x0A51, 0x0A51 },
+       { 0x0A70, 0x0A71 },
+       { 0x0A75, 0x0A75 },
+       { 0x0A81, 0x0A82 },
+       { 0x0ABC, 0x0ABC },
+       { 0x0AC1, 0x0AC5 },
+       { 0x0AC7, 0x0AC8 },
+       { 0x0ACD, 0x0ACD },
+       { 0x0AE2, 0x0AE3 },
+       { 0x0B01, 0x0B01 },
+       { 0x0B3C, 0x0B3C },
+       { 0x0B3F, 0x0B3F },
+       { 0x0B41, 0x0B44 },
+       { 0x0B4D, 0x0B4D },
+       { 0x0B56, 0x0B56 },
+       { 0x0B62, 0x0B63 },
+       { 0x0B82, 0x0B82 },
+       { 0x0BC0, 0x0BC0 },
+       { 0x0BCD, 0x0BCD },
+       { 0x0C00, 0x0C00 },
+       { 0x0C3E, 0x0C40 },
+       { 0x0C46, 0x0C48 },
+       { 0x0C4A, 0x0C4D },
+       { 0x0C55, 0x0C56 },
+       { 0x0C62, 0x0C63 },
+       { 0x0C81, 0x0C81 },
+       { 0x0CBC, 0x0CBC },
+       { 0x0CBF, 0x0CBF },
+       { 0x0CC6, 0x0CC6 },
+       { 0x0CCC, 0x0CCD },
+       { 0x0CE2, 0x0CE3 },
+       { 0x0D01, 0x0D01 },
+       { 0x0D41, 0x0D44 },
+       { 0x0D4D, 0x0D4D },
+       { 0x0D62, 0x0D63 },
+       { 0x0DCA, 0x0DCA },
+       { 0x0DD2, 0x0DD4 },
+       { 0x0DD6, 0x0DD6 },
+       { 0x0E31, 0x0E31 },
+       { 0x0E34, 0x0E3A },
+       { 0x0E47, 0x0E4E },
+       { 0x0EB1, 0x0EB1 },
+       { 0x0EB4, 0x0EB9 },
+       { 0x0EBB, 0x0EBC },
+       { 0x0EC8, 0x0ECD },
+       { 0x0F18, 0x0F19 },
+       { 0x0F35, 0x0F35 },
+       { 0x0F37, 0x0F37 },
+       { 0x0F39, 0x0F39 },
+       { 0x0F71, 0x0F7E },
+       { 0x0F80, 0x0F84 },
+       { 0x0F86, 0x0F87 },
+       { 0x0F8D, 0x0F97 },
+       { 0x0F99, 0x0FBC },
+       { 0x0FC6, 0x0FC6 },
+       { 0x102D, 0x1030 },
+       { 0x1032, 0x1037 },
+       { 0x1039, 0x103A },
+       { 0x103D, 0x103E },
+       { 0x1058, 0x1059 },
+       { 0x105E, 0x1060 },
+       { 0x1071, 0x1074 },
+       { 0x1082, 0x1082 },
+       { 0x1085, 0x1086 },
+       { 0x108D, 0x108D },
+       { 0x109D, 0x109D },
+       { 0x1160, 0x11FF },
+       { 0x135D, 0x135F },
+       { 0x1712, 0x1714 },
+       { 0x1732, 0x1734 },
+       { 0x1752, 0x1753 },
+       { 0x1772, 0x1773 },
+       { 0x17B4, 0x17B5 },
+       { 0x17B7, 0x17BD },
+       { 0x17C6, 0x17C6 },
+       { 0x17C9, 0x17D3 },
+       { 0x17DD, 0x17DD },
+       { 0x180B, 0x180E },
+       { 0x18A9, 0x18A9 },
+       { 0x1920, 0x1922 },
+       { 0x1927, 0x1928 },
+       { 0x1932, 0x1932 },
+       { 0x1939, 0x193B },
+       { 0x1A17, 0x1A18 },
+       { 0x1A1B, 0x1A1B },
+       { 0x1A56, 0x1A56 },
+       { 0x1A58, 0x1A5E },
+       { 0x1A60, 0x1A60 },
+       { 0x1A62, 0x1A62 },
+       { 0x1A65, 0x1A6C },
+       { 0x1A73, 0x1A7C },
+       { 0x1A7F, 0x1A7F },
+       { 0x1AB0, 0x1ABE },
+       { 0x1B00, 0x1B03 },
+       { 0x1B34, 0x1B34 },
+       { 0x1B36, 0x1B3A },
+       { 0x1B3C, 0x1B3C },
+       { 0x1B42, 0x1B42 },
+       { 0x1B6B, 0x1B73 },
+       { 0x1B80, 0x1B81 },
+       { 0x1BA2, 0x1BA5 },
+       { 0x1BA8, 0x1BA9 },
+       { 0x1BAB, 0x1BAD },
+       { 0x1BE6, 0x1BE6 },
+       { 0x1BE8, 0x1BE9 },
+       { 0x1BED, 0x1BED },
+       { 0x1BEF, 0x1BF1 },
+       { 0x1C2C, 0x1C33 },
+       { 0x1C36, 0x1C37 },
+       { 0x1CD0, 0x1CD2 },
+       { 0x1CD4, 0x1CE0 },
+       { 0x1CE2, 0x1CE8 },
+       { 0x1CED, 0x1CED },
+       { 0x1CF4, 0x1CF4 },
+       { 0x1CF8, 0x1CF9 },
+       { 0x1DC0, 0x1DF5 },
+       { 0x1DFC, 0x1DFF },
+       { 0x200B, 0x200F },
+       { 0x202A, 0x202E },
+       { 0x2060, 0x2064 },
+       { 0x2066, 0x206F },
+       { 0x20D0, 0x20F0 },
+       { 0x2CEF, 0x2CF1 },
+       { 0x2D7F, 0x2D7F },
+       { 0x2DE0, 0x2DFF },
+       { 0x302A, 0x302D },
+       { 0x3099, 0x309A },
+       { 0xA66F, 0xA672 },
+       { 0xA674, 0xA67D },
+       { 0xA69F, 0xA69F },
+       { 0xA6F0, 0xA6F1 },
+       { 0xA802, 0xA802 },
+       { 0xA806, 0xA806 },
+       { 0xA80B, 0xA80B },
+       { 0xA825, 0xA826 },
+       { 0xA8C4, 0xA8C4 },
+       { 0xA8E0, 0xA8F1 },
+       { 0xA926, 0xA92D },
+       { 0xA947, 0xA951 },
+       { 0xA980, 0xA982 },
+       { 0xA9B3, 0xA9B3 },
+       { 0xA9B6, 0xA9B9 },
+       { 0xA9BC, 0xA9BC },
+       { 0xA9E5, 0xA9E5 },
+       { 0xAA29, 0xAA2E },
+       { 0xAA31, 0xAA32 },
+       { 0xAA35, 0xAA36 },
+       { 0xAA43, 0xAA43 },
+       { 0xAA4C, 0xAA4C },
+       { 0xAA7C, 0xAA7C },
+       { 0xAAB0, 0xAAB0 },
+       { 0xAAB2, 0xAAB4 },
+       { 0xAAB7, 0xAAB8 },
+       { 0xAABE, 0xAABF },
+       { 0xAAC1, 0xAAC1 },
+       { 0xAAEC, 0xAAED },
+       { 0xAAF6, 0xAAF6 },
+       { 0xABE5, 0xABE5 },
+       { 0xABE8, 0xABE8 },
+       { 0xABED, 0xABED },
+       { 0xFB1E, 0xFB1E },
+       { 0xFE00, 0xFE0F },
+       { 0xFE20, 0xFE2D },
+       { 0xFEFF, 0xFEFF },
+       { 0xFFF9, 0xFFFB }
+};
+
+static const struct mb_ucsrange mb_ucs_fullwidth[] = {
+       { 0x1100, 0x115F },
+       { 0x2329, 0x232A },
+       { 0x2E80, 0x303E },
+       { 0x3040, 0xA4CF },
+       { 0xA960, 0xA97F },
+       { 0xAC00, 0xD7A3 },
+       { 0xF900, 0xFAFF },
+       { 0xFE10, 0xFE19 },
+       { 0xFE30, 0xFE6F },
+       { 0xFF00, 0xFF60 },
+       { 0xFFE0, 0xFFE6 }
+};
+
+/* simple binary search in ranges, with bounds optimisation */
+static int
+mb_ucsbsearch(const struct mb_ucsrange arr[], size_t elems, unsigned int val)
+{
+       size_t min = 0, mid, max = elems;
+
+       if (val < arr[min].beg || val > arr[max - 1].end)
+               return (0);
+
+       while (min < max) {
+               mid = (min + max) / 2;
+
+               if (val < arr[mid].beg)
+                       max = mid;
+               else if (val > arr[mid].end)
+                       min = mid + 1;
+               else
+                       return (1);
+       }
+       return (0);
+}
+
+/* Unix column width of a wide character (Unicode code point, really) */
+int
+utf_wcwidth(unsigned int wc)
+{
+       /* except NUL, C0/C1 control characters and DEL yield -1 */
+       if (wc < 0x20 || (wc >= 0x7F && wc < 0xA0))
+               return (wc ? -1 : 0);
+
+       /* combining characters use 0 screen columns */
+       if (mb_ucsbsearch(mb_ucs_combining, NELEM(mb_ucs_combining), wc))
+               return (0);
+
+       /* all others use 1 or 2 screen columns */
+       if (mb_ucsbsearch(mb_ucs_fullwidth, NELEM(mb_ucs_fullwidth), wc))
+               return (2);
+       return (1);
+}
+#endif
diff --git a/source/sh/funcs.c b/source/sh/funcs.c
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..ef4ab7e
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,3852 @@
+/*     $OpenBSD: c_ksh.c,v 1.37 2015/09/10 22:48:58 nicm Exp $ */
+/*     $OpenBSD: c_sh.c,v 1.46 2015/07/20 20:46:24 guenther Exp $      */
+/*     $OpenBSD: c_test.c,v 1.18 2009/03/01 20:11:06 otto Exp $        */
+/*     $OpenBSD: c_ulimit.c,v 1.19 2013/11/28 10:33:37 sobrado Exp $   */
+
+/*-
+ * Copyright (c) 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009,
+ *              2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016
+ *     mirabilos <m@mirbsd.org>
+ *
+ * Provided that these terms and disclaimer and all copyright notices
+ * are retained or reproduced in an accompanying document, permission
+ * is granted to deal in this work without restriction, including un-
+ * limited rights to use, publicly perform, distribute, sell, modify,
+ * merge, give away, or sublicence.
+ *
+ * This work is provided "AS IS" and WITHOUT WARRANTY of any kind, to
+ * the utmost extent permitted by applicable law, neither express nor
+ * implied; without malicious intent or gross negligence. In no event
+ * may a licensor, author or contributor be held liable for indirect,
+ * direct, other damage, loss, or other issues arising in any way out
+ * of dealing in the work, even if advised of the possibility of such
+ * damage or existence of a defect, except proven that it results out
+ * of said person's immediate fault when using the work as intended.
+ */
+
+#include "sh.h"
+
+#if HAVE_SELECT
+#if HAVE_SYS_BSDTYPES_H
+#include <sys/bsdtypes.h>
+#endif
+#if HAVE_SYS_SELECT_H
+#include <sys/select.h>
+#endif
+#if HAVE_BSTRING_H
+#include <bstring.h>
+#endif
+#endif
+
+__RCSID("$MirOS: src/bin/mksh/funcs.c,v 1.295 2016/02/26 20:56:43 tg Exp $");
+
+#if HAVE_KILLPG
+/*
+ * use killpg if < -1 since -1 does special things
+ * for some non-killpg-endowed kills
+ */
+#define mksh_kill(p,s) ((p) < -1 ? killpg(-(p), (s)) : kill((p), (s)))
+#else
+/* cross fingers and hope kill is killpg-endowed */
+#define mksh_kill      kill
+#endif
+
+/* XXX conditions correct? */
+#if !defined(RLIM_INFINITY) && !defined(MKSH_NO_LIMITS)
+#define MKSH_NO_LIMITS 1
+#endif
+
+#ifdef MKSH_NO_LIMITS
+#define c_ulimit       c_true
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(MKSH_UNEMPLOYED) && HAVE_GETSID
+static int c_suspend(const char **);
+#endif
+
+static int do_whence(const char **, int, bool, bool);
+
+/* getn() that prints error */
+static int
+bi_getn(const char *as, int *ai)
+{
+       int rv;
+
+       if (!(rv = getn(as, ai)))
+               bi_errorf("%s: %s", as, "bad number");
+       return (rv);
+}
+
+static int
+c_true(const char **wp MKSH_A_UNUSED)
+{
+       return (0);
+}
+
+static int
+c_false(const char **wp MKSH_A_UNUSED)
+{
+       return (1);
+}
+
+/*
+ * A leading = means assignments before command are kept.
+ * A leading * means a POSIX special builtin.
+ */
+const struct builtin mkshbuiltins[] = {
+       {"*=.", c_dot},
+       {"*=:", c_true},
+       {"[", c_test},
+       /* no =: AT&T manual wrong */
+       {Talias, c_alias},
+       {"*=break", c_brkcont},
+       {Tgbuiltin, c_builtin},
+       {Tcat, c_cat},
+       {"cd", c_cd},
+       /* dash compatibility hack */
+       {"chdir", c_cd},
+       {Tcommand, c_command},
+       {"*=continue", c_brkcont},
+       {"echo", c_print},
+       {"*=eval", c_eval},
+       {"*=exec", c_exec},
+       {"*=exit", c_exitreturn},
+       {Tsgexport, c_typeset},
+       {"false", c_false},
+       {"fc", c_fc},
+       {"getopts", c_getopts},
+       {"=global", c_typeset},
+       {"jobs", c_jobs},
+       {"kill", c_kill},
+       {"let", c_let},
+       {"let]", c_let},
+       {"print", c_print},
+       {"pwd", c_pwd},
+       {"read", c_read},
+       {Tsgreadonly, c_typeset},
+       {"realpath", c_realpath},
+       {"rename", c_rename},
+       {"*=return", c_exitreturn},
+       {Tsgset, c_set},
+       {"*=shift", c_shift},
+       {"=source", c_dot},
+#if !defined(MKSH_UNEMPLOYED) && HAVE_GETSID
+       {"suspend", c_suspend},
+#endif
+       {"test", c_test},
+       {"*=times", c_times},
+       {"*=trap", c_trap},
+       {"true", c_true},
+       {T_typeset, c_typeset},
+       {"ulimit", c_ulimit},
+       {"umask", c_umask},
+       {Tunalias, c_unalias},
+       {"*=unset", c_unset},
+       {"=wait", c_wait},
+       {"whence", c_whence},
+#ifndef MKSH_UNEMPLOYED
+       {"bg", c_fgbg},
+       {"fg", c_fgbg},
+#endif
+#ifndef MKSH_NO_CMDLINE_EDITING
+       {"bind", c_bind},
+#endif
+#if HAVE_MKNOD
+       {"mknod", c_mknod},
+#endif
+#ifdef MKSH_PRINTF_BUILTIN
+       {Tprintf, c_printf},
+#endif
+#if HAVE_SELECT
+       {"sleep", c_sleep},
+#endif
+#ifdef __MirBSD__
+       /* alias to "true" for historical reasons */
+       {"domainname", c_true},
+#endif
+#ifdef __OS2__
+       {Textproc, c_true},
+#endif
+       {NULL, (int (*)(const char **))NULL}
+};
+
+struct kill_info {
+       int num_width;
+       int name_width;
+};
+
+static const struct t_op {
+       char op_text[4];
+       Test_op op_num;
+} u_ops[] = {
+       {"-a",  TO_FILAXST },
+       {"-b",  TO_FILBDEV },
+       {"-c",  TO_FILCDEV },
+       {"-d",  TO_FILID },
+       {"-e",  TO_FILEXST },
+       {"-f",  TO_FILREG },
+       {"-G",  TO_FILGID },
+       {"-g",  TO_FILSETG },
+       {"-h",  TO_FILSYM },
+       {"-H",  TO_FILCDF },
+       {"-k",  TO_FILSTCK },
+       {"-L",  TO_FILSYM },
+       {"-n",  TO_STNZE },
+       {"-O",  TO_FILUID },
+       {"-o",  TO_OPTION },
+       {"-p",  TO_FILFIFO },
+       {"-r",  TO_FILRD },
+       {"-s",  TO_FILGZ },
+       {"-S",  TO_FILSOCK },
+       {"-t",  TO_FILTT },
+       {"-u",  TO_FILSETU },
+       {"-w",  TO_FILWR },
+       {"-x",  TO_FILEX },
+       {"-z",  TO_STZER },
+       {"",    TO_NONOP }
+};
+static const struct t_op b_ops[] = {
+       {"=",   TO_STEQL },
+       {"==",  TO_STEQL },
+       {"!=",  TO_STNEQ },
+       {"<",   TO_STLT },
+       {">",   TO_STGT },
+       {"-eq", TO_INTEQ },
+       {"-ne", TO_INTNE },
+       {"-gt", TO_INTGT },
+       {"-ge", TO_INTGE },
+       {"-lt", TO_INTLT },
+       {"-le", TO_INTLE },
+       {"-ef", TO_FILEQ },
+       {"-nt", TO_FILNT },
+       {"-ot", TO_FILOT },
+       {"",    TO_NONOP }
+};
+
+static int test_oexpr(Test_env *, bool);
+static int test_aexpr(Test_env *, bool);
+static int test_nexpr(Test_env *, bool);
+static int test_primary(Test_env *, bool);
+static Test_op ptest_isa(Test_env *, Test_meta);
+static const char *ptest_getopnd(Test_env *, Test_op, bool);
+static void ptest_error(Test_env *, int, const char *);
+static void kill_fmt_entry(char *, size_t, unsigned int, const void *);
+static void p_time(struct shf *, bool, long, int, int,
+    const char *, const char *);
+
+int
+c_pwd(const char **wp)
+{
+       int optc;
+       bool physical = tobool(Flag(FPHYSICAL));
+       char *p, *allocd = NULL;
+
+       while ((optc = ksh_getopt(wp, &builtin_opt, "LP")) != -1)
+               switch (optc) {
+               case 'L':
+                       physical = false;
+                       break;
+               case 'P':
+                       physical = true;
+                       break;
+               case '?':
+                       return (1);
+               }
+       wp += builtin_opt.optind;
+
+       if (wp[0]) {
+               bi_errorf("too many arguments");
+               return (1);
+       }
+       p = current_wd[0] ? (physical ? allocd = do_realpath(current_wd) :
+           current_wd) : NULL;
+       /* LINTED use of access */
+       if (p && access(p, R_OK) < 0)
+               p = NULL;
+       if (!p && !(p = allocd = ksh_get_wd())) {
+               bi_errorf("%s: %s", "can't determine current directory",
+                   cstrerror(errno));
+               return (1);
+       }
+       shprintf("%s\n", p);
+       afree(allocd, ATEMP);
+       return (0);
+}
+
+static const char *s_ptr;
+static int s_get(void);
+static void s_put(int);
+
+int
+c_print(const char **wp)
+{
+       int fd = 1, c;
+       const char *s;
+       XString xs;
+       char *xp;
+       /* print newline;  expand backslash sequences */
+       bool po_nl = true, po_exp = true;
+       /* print to history instead of file descriptor / stdout */
+       bool po_hist = false;
+
+       if (wp[0][0] == 'e') {
+               /* "echo" builtin */
+               ++wp;
+#ifdef MKSH_MIDNIGHTBSD01ASH_COMPAT
+               if (Flag(FSH)) {
+                       /*
+                        * MidnightBSD /bin/sh needs a BSD echo, that is,
+                        * one that supports -e but does not enable it by
+                        * default
+                        */
+                       po_exp = false;
+               }
+#endif
+               if (Flag(FPOSIX) ||
+#ifndef MKSH_MIDNIGHTBSD01ASH_COMPAT
+                   Flag(FSH) ||
+#endif
+                   Flag(FAS_BUILTIN)) {
+                       /* Debian Policy 10.4 compliant "echo" builtin */
+                       if (*wp && !strcmp(*wp, "-n")) {
+                               /* recognise "-n" only as the first arg */
+                               po_nl = false;
+                               ++wp;
+                       }
+                       /* print everything as-is */
+                       po_exp = false;
+               } else {
+                       bool new_exp = po_exp, new_nl = po_nl;
+
+                       /**
+                        * a compromise between sysV and BSD echo commands:
+                        * escape sequences are enabled by default, and -n,
+                        * -e and -E are recognised if they appear in argu-
+                        * ments with no illegal options (ie, echo -nq will
+                        * print -nq).
+                        * Different from sysV echo since options are reco-
+                        * gnised, different from BSD echo since escape se-
+                        * quences are enabled by default.
+                        */
+
+ print_tradparse_arg:
+                       if ((s = *wp) && *s++ == '-' && *s) {
+ print_tradparse_ch:
+                               switch ((c = *s++)) {
+                               case 'E':
+                                       new_exp = false;
+                                       goto print_tradparse_ch;
+                               case 'e':
+                                       new_exp = true;
+                                       goto print_tradparse_ch;
+                               case 'n':
+                                       new_nl = false;
+                                       goto print_tradparse_ch;
+                               case '\0':
+                                       po_exp = new_exp;
+                                       po_nl = new_nl;
+                                       ++wp;
+                                       goto print_tradparse_arg;
+                               }
+                       }
+               }
+       } else {
+               /* "print" builtin */
+               const char *opts = "npRrsu,";
+               const char *emsg;
+               /* print a "--" argument */
+               bool po_pminusminus = false;
+
+               while ((c = ksh_getopt(wp, &builtin_opt, opts)) != -1)
+                       switch (c) {
+                       case 'e':
+                               po_exp = true;
+                               break;
+                       case 'n':
+                               po_nl = false;
+                               break;
+                       case 'p':
+                               if ((fd = coproc_getfd(W_OK, &emsg)) < 0) {
+                                       bi_errorf("-p: %s", emsg);
+                                       return (1);
+                               }
+                               break;
+                       case 'R':
+                               /* fake BSD echo command */
+                               po_pminusminus = true;
+                               po_exp = false;
+                               opts = "en";
+                               break;
+                       case 'r':
+                               po_exp = false;
+                               break;
+                       case 's':
+                               po_hist = true;
+                               break;
+                       case 'u':
+                               if (!*(s = builtin_opt.optarg))
+                                       fd = 0;
+                               else if ((fd = check_fd(s, W_OK, &emsg)) < 0) {
+                                       bi_errorf("-u%s: %s", s, emsg);
+                                       return (1);
+                               }
+                               break;
+                       case '?':
+                               return (1);
+                       }
+
+               if (!(builtin_opt.info & GI_MINUSMINUS)) {
+                       /* treat a lone "-" like "--" */
+                       if (wp[builtin_opt.optind] &&
+                           ksh_isdash(wp[builtin_opt.optind]))
+                               builtin_opt.optind++;
+                       } else if (po_pminusminus)
+                               builtin_opt.optind--;
+               wp += builtin_opt.optind;
+       }
+
+       Xinit(xs, xp, 128, ATEMP);
+
+       if (*wp != NULL) {
+ print_read_arg:
+               s = *wp;
+               while ((c = *s++) != '\0') {
+                       Xcheck(xs, xp);
+                       if (po_exp && c == '\\') {
+                               s_ptr = s;
+                               c = unbksl(false, s_get, s_put);
+                               s = s_ptr;
+                               if (c == -1) {
+                                       /* rejected by generic function */
+                                       switch ((c = *s++)) {
+                                       case 'c':
+                                               po_nl = false;
+                                               /* AT&T brain damage */
+                                               continue;
+                                       case '\0':
+                                               --s;
+                                               c = '\\';
+                                               break;
+                                       default:
+                                               Xput(xs, xp, '\\');
+                                       }
+                               } else if ((unsigned int)c > 0xFF) {
+                                       /* generic function returned Unicode */
+                                       char ts[4];
+
+                                       ts[utf_wctomb(ts, c - 0x100)] = 0;
+                                       c = 0;
+                                       do {
+                                               Xput(xs, xp, ts[c]);
+                                       } while (ts[++c]);
+                                       continue;
+                               }
+                       }
+                       Xput(xs, xp, c);
+               }
+               if (*++wp != NULL) {
+                       Xput(xs, xp, ' ');
+                       goto print_read_arg;
+               }
+       }
+       if (po_nl)
+               Xput(xs, xp, '\n');
+
+       c = 0;
+       if (po_hist) {
+               Xput(xs, xp, '\0');
+               histsave(&source->line, Xstring(xs, xp), HIST_STORE, false);
+               Xfree(xs, xp);
+       } else {
+               size_t len = Xlength(xs, xp);
+               bool po_coproc = false;
+               int opipe = 0;
+
+               /*
+                * Ensure we aren't killed by a SIGPIPE while writing to
+                * a coprocess. AT&T ksh doesn't seem to do this (seems
+                * to just check that the co-process is alive which is
+                * not enough).
+                */
+               if (coproc.write >= 0 && coproc.write == fd) {
+                       po_coproc = true;
+                       opipe = block_pipe();
+               }
+
+               s = Xstring(xs, xp);
+               while (len > 0) {
+                       ssize_t nwritten;
+
+                       if ((nwritten = write(fd, s, len)) < 0) {
+                               if (errno == EINTR) {
+                                       if (po_coproc)
+                                               restore_pipe(opipe);
+                                       /* give the user a chance to ^C out */
+                                       intrcheck();
+                                       /* interrupted, try again */
+                                       if (po_coproc)
+                                               opipe = block_pipe();
+                                       continue;
+                               }
+                               c = 1;
+                               break;
+                       }
+                       s += nwritten;
+                       len -= nwritten;
+               }
+               if (po_coproc)
+                       restore_pipe(opipe);
+       }
+
+       return (c);
+}
+
+static int
+s_get(void)
+{
+       return (*s_ptr++);
+}
+
+static void
+s_put(int c MKSH_A_UNUSED)
+{
+       --s_ptr;
+}
+
+int
+c_whence(const char **wp)
+{
+       int optc;
+       bool pflag = false, vflag = false;
+
+       while ((optc = ksh_getopt(wp, &builtin_opt, "pv")) != -1)
+               switch (optc) {
+               case 'p':
+                       pflag = true;
+                       break;
+               case 'v':
+                       vflag = true;
+                       break;
+               case '?':
+                       return (1);
+               }
+       wp += builtin_opt.optind;
+
+       return (do_whence(wp, pflag ? FC_PATH :
+           FC_BI | FC_FUNC | FC_PATH | FC_WHENCE, vflag, false));
+}
+
+/* note: command without -vV is dealt with in comexec() */
+int
+c_command(const char **wp)
+{
+       int optc, fcflags = FC_BI | FC_FUNC | FC_PATH | FC_WHENCE;
+       bool vflag = false;
+
+       /* options not sorted to facilitate string pooling */
+       while ((optc = ksh_getopt(wp, &builtin_opt, "Vpv")) != -1)
+               switch (optc) {
+               case 'p':
+                       fcflags |= FC_DEFPATH;
+                       break;
+               case 'V':
+                       vflag = true;
+                       break;
+               case 'v':
+                       vflag = false;
+                       break;
+               case '?':
+                       return (1);
+               }
+       wp += builtin_opt.optind;
+
+       return (do_whence(wp, fcflags, vflag, true));
+}
+
+static int
+do_whence(const char **wp, int fcflags, bool vflag, bool iscommand)
+{
+       uint32_t h;
+       int rv = 0;
+       struct tbl *tp;
+       const char *id;
+
+       while ((vflag || rv == 0) && (id = *wp++) != NULL) {
+               h = hash(id);
+               tp = NULL;
+
+               if (fcflags & FC_WHENCE)
+                       tp = ktsearch(&keywords, id, h);
+               if (!tp && (fcflags & FC_WHENCE)) {
+                       tp = ktsearch(&aliases, id, h);
+                       if (tp && !(tp->flag & ISSET))
+                               tp = NULL;
+               }
+               if (!tp)
+                       tp = findcom(id, fcflags);
+
+               switch (tp->type) {
+               case CSHELL:
+               case CFUNC:
+               case CKEYWD:
+                       shf_puts(id, shl_stdout);
+                       break;
+               }
+
+               switch (tp->type) {
+               case CSHELL:
+                       if (vflag)
+                               shprintf(" is a %sshell %s",
+                                   (tp->flag & SPEC_BI) ? "special " : "",
+                                   Tbuiltin);
+                       break;
+               case CFUNC:
+                       if (vflag) {
+                               shf_puts(" is a", shl_stdout);
+                               if (tp->flag & EXPORT)
+                                       shf_puts("n exported", shl_stdout);
+                               if (tp->flag & TRACE)
+                                       shf_puts(" traced", shl_stdout);
+                               if (!(tp->flag & ISSET)) {
+                                       shf_puts(" undefined", shl_stdout);
+                                       if (tp->u.fpath)
+                                               shprintf(" (autoload from %s)",
+                                                   tp->u.fpath);
+                               }
+                               shf_puts(T_function, shl_stdout);
+                       }
+                       break;
+               case CEXEC:
+               case CTALIAS:
+                       if (tp->flag & ISSET) {
+                               if (vflag) {
+                                       shprintf("%s is ", id);
+                                       if (tp->type == CTALIAS)
+                                               shprintf("a tracked %s%s for ",
+                                                   (tp->flag & EXPORT) ?
+                                                   "exported " : "",
+                                                   Talias);
+                               }
+                               shf_puts(tp->val.s, shl_stdout);
+                       } else {
+                               if (vflag)
+                                       shprintf("%s not found", id);
+                               rv = 1;
+                       }
+                       break;
+               case CALIAS:
+                       if (vflag) {
+                               shprintf("%s is an %s%s for ", id,
+                                   (tp->flag & EXPORT) ? "exported " : "",
+                                   Talias);
+                       } else if (iscommand)
+                               shprintf("%s %s=", Talias, id);
+                       print_value_quoted(shl_stdout, tp->val.s);
+                       break;
+               case CKEYWD:
+                       if (vflag)
+                               shf_puts(" is a reserved word", shl_stdout);
+                       break;
+#ifndef MKSH_SMALL
+               default:
+                       bi_errorf("%s is of unknown type %d", id, tp->type);
+                       return (1);
+#endif
+               }
+               if (vflag || !rv)
+                       shf_putc('\n', shl_stdout);
+       }
+       return (rv);
+}
+
+/* typeset, global, export, and readonly */
+static void c_typeset_vardump(struct tbl *, uint32_t, int, bool, bool);
+static void c_typeset_vardump_recursive(struct block *, uint32_t, int, bool,
+    bool);
+int
+c_typeset(const char **wp)
+{
+       struct tbl *vp, **p;
+       uint32_t fset = 0, fclr = 0, flag;
+       int thing = 0, field = 0, base = 0, i;
+       struct block *l;
+       const char *opts;
+       const char *fieldstr = NULL, *basestr = NULL;
+       bool localv = false, func = false, pflag = false, istset = true;
+       enum namerefflag new_refflag = SRF_NOP;
+
+       switch (**wp) {
+
+       /* export */
+       case 'e':
+               fset |= EXPORT;
+               istset = false;
+               break;
+
+       /* readonly */
+       case 'r':
+               fset |= RDONLY;
+               istset = false;
+               break;
+
+       /* set */
+       case 's':
+               /* called with 'typeset -' */
+               break;
+
+       /* typeset */
+       case 't':
+               localv = true;
+               break;
+       }
+
+       /* see comment below regarding possible opions */
+       opts = istset ? "L#R#UZ#afi#lnprtux" : "p";
+
+       builtin_opt.flags |= GF_PLUSOPT;
+       /*
+        * AT&T ksh seems to have 0-9 as options which are multiplied
+        * to get a number that is used with -L, -R, -Z or -i (eg, -1R2
+        * sets right justify in a field of 12). This allows options
+        * to be grouped in an order (eg, -Lu12), but disallows -i8 -L3 and
+        * does not allow the number to be specified as a separate argument
+        * Here, the number must follow the RLZi option, but is optional
+        * (see the # kludge in ksh_getopt()).
+        */
+       while ((i = ksh_getopt(wp, &builtin_opt, opts)) != -1) {
+               flag = 0;
+               switch (i) {
+               case 'L':
+                       flag = LJUST;
+                       fieldstr = builtin_opt.optarg;
+                       break;
+               case 'R':
+                       flag = RJUST;
+                       fieldstr = builtin_opt.optarg;
+                       break;
+               case 'U':
+                       /*
+                        * AT&T ksh uses u, but this conflicts with
+                        * upper/lower case. If this option is changed,
+                        * need to change the -U below as well
+                        */
+                       flag = INT_U;
+                       break;
+               case 'Z':
+                       flag = ZEROFIL;
+                       fieldstr = builtin_opt.optarg;
+                       break;
+               case 'a':
+                       /*
+                        * this is supposed to set (-a) or unset (+a) the
+                        * indexed array attribute; it does nothing on an
+                        * existing regular string or indexed array though
+                        */
+                       break;
+               case 'f':
+                       func = true;
+                       break;
+               case 'i':
+                       flag = INTEGER;
+                       basestr = builtin_opt.optarg;
+                       break;
+               case 'l':
+                       flag = LCASEV;
+                       break;
+               case 'n':
+                       new_refflag = (builtin_opt.info & GI_PLUS) ?
+                           SRF_DISABLE : SRF_ENABLE;
+                       break;
+               /* export, readonly: POSIX -p flag */
+               case 'p':
+                       /* typeset: show values as well */
+                       pflag = true;
+                       if (istset)
+                               continue;
+                       break;
+               case 'r':
+                       flag = RDONLY;
+                       break;
+               case 't':
+                       flag = TRACE;
+                       break;
+               case 'u':
+                       /* upper case / autoload */
+                       flag = UCASEV_AL;
+                       break;
+               case 'x':
+                       flag = EXPORT;
+                       break;
+               case '?':
+                       return (1);
+               }
+               if (builtin_opt.info & GI_PLUS) {
+                       fclr |= flag;
+                       fset &= ~flag;
+                       thing = '+';
+               } else {
+                       fset |= flag;
+                       fclr &= ~flag;
+                       thing = '-';
+               }
+       }
+
+       if (fieldstr && !bi_getn(fieldstr, &field))
+               return (1);
+       if (basestr) {
+               if (!getn(basestr, &base)) {
+                       bi_errorf("%s: %s", "bad integer base", basestr);
+                       return (1);
+               }
+               if (base < 1 || base > 36)
+                       base = 10;
+       }
+
+       if (!(builtin_opt.info & GI_MINUSMINUS) && wp[builtin_opt.optind] &&
+           (wp[builtin_opt.optind][0] == '-' ||
+           wp[builtin_opt.optind][0] == '+') &&
+           wp[builtin_opt.optind][1] == '\0') {
+               thing = wp[builtin_opt.optind][0];
+               builtin_opt.optind++;
+       }
+
+       if (func && (((fset|fclr) & ~(TRACE|UCASEV_AL|EXPORT)) ||
+           new_refflag != SRF_NOP)) {
+               bi_errorf("only -t, -u and -x options may be used with -f");
+               return (1);
+       }
+       if (wp[builtin_opt.optind]) {
+               /*
+                * Take care of exclusions.
+                * At this point, flags in fset are cleared in fclr and vice
+                * versa. This property should be preserved.
+                */
+               if (fset & LCASEV)
+                       /* LCASEV has priority over UCASEV_AL */
+                       fset &= ~UCASEV_AL;
+               if (fset & LJUST)
+                       /* LJUST has priority over RJUST */
+                       fset &= ~RJUST;
+               if ((fset & (ZEROFIL|LJUST)) == ZEROFIL) {
+                       /* -Z implies -ZR */
+                       fset |= RJUST;
+                       fclr &= ~RJUST;
+               }
+               /*
+                * Setting these attributes clears the others, unless they
+                * are also set in this command
+                */
+               if ((fset & (LJUST | RJUST | ZEROFIL | UCASEV_AL | LCASEV |
+                   INTEGER | INT_U | INT_L)) || new_refflag != SRF_NOP)
+                       fclr |= ~fset & (LJUST | RJUST | ZEROFIL | UCASEV_AL |
+                           LCASEV | INTEGER | INT_U | INT_L);
+       }
+       if (new_refflag != SRF_NOP) {
+               fclr &= ~(ARRAY | ASSOC);
+               fset &= ~(ARRAY | ASSOC);
+               fclr |= EXPORT;
+               fset |= ASSOC;
+               if (new_refflag == SRF_DISABLE)
+                       fclr |= ASSOC;
+       }
+
+       /* set variables and attributes */
+       if (wp[builtin_opt.optind] &&
+           /* not "typeset -p varname" */
+           !(!func && pflag && !(fset | fclr))) {
+               int rv = 0;
+               struct tbl *f;
+
+               if (localv && !func)
+                       fset |= LOCAL;
+               for (i = builtin_opt.optind; wp[i]; i++) {
+                       if (func) {
+                               f = findfunc(wp[i], hash(wp[i]),
+                                   tobool(fset & UCASEV_AL));
+                               if (!f) {
+                                       /* AT&T ksh does ++rv: bogus */
+                                       rv = 1;
+                                       continue;
+                               }
+                               if (fset | fclr) {
+                                       f->flag |= fset;
+                                       f->flag &= ~fclr;
+                               } else {
+                                       fpFUNCTf(shl_stdout, 0,
+                                           tobool(f->flag & FKSH),
+                                           wp[i], f->val.t);
+                                       shf_putc('\n', shl_stdout);
+                               }
+                       } else if (!typeset(wp[i], fset, fclr, field, base)) {
+                               bi_errorf("%s: %s", wp[i], "is not an identifier");
+                               return (1);
+                       }
+               }
+               return (rv);
+       }
+
+       /* list variables and attributes */
+
+       /* no difference at this point.. */
+       flag = fset | fclr;
+       if (func) {
+               for (l = e->loc; l; l = l->next) {
+                       for (p = ktsort(&l->funs); (vp = *p++); ) {
+                               if (flag && (vp->flag & flag) == 0)
+                                       continue;
+                               if (thing == '-')
+                                       fpFUNCTf(shl_stdout, 0,
+                                           tobool(vp->flag & FKSH),
+                                           vp->name, vp->val.t);
+                               else
+                                       shf_puts(vp->name, shl_stdout);
+                               shf_putc('\n', shl_stdout);
+                       }
+               }
+       } else if (wp[builtin_opt.optind]) {
+               for (i = builtin_opt.optind; wp[i]; i++) {
+                       varsearch(e->loc, &vp, wp[i], hash(wp[i]));
+                       c_typeset_vardump(vp, flag, thing, pflag, istset);
+               }
+       } else
+               c_typeset_vardump_recursive(e->loc, flag, thing, pflag, istset);
+       return (0);
+}
+
+static void
+c_typeset_vardump_recursive(struct block *l, uint32_t flag, int thing,
+    bool pflag, bool istset)
+{
+       struct tbl **blockvars, *vp;
+
+       if (l->next)
+               c_typeset_vardump_recursive(l->next, flag, thing, pflag, istset);
+       blockvars = ktsort(&l->vars);
+       while ((vp = *blockvars++))
+               c_typeset_vardump(vp, flag, thing, pflag, istset);
+       /*XXX doesn’t this leak? */
+}
+
+static void
+c_typeset_vardump(struct tbl *vp, uint32_t flag, int thing, bool pflag,
+    bool istset)
+{
+       struct tbl *tvp;
+       int any_set = 0;
+       char *s;
+
+       if (!vp)
+               return;
+
+       /*
+        * See if the parameter is set (for arrays, if any
+        * element is set).
+        */
+       for (tvp = vp; tvp; tvp = tvp->u.array)
+               if (tvp->flag & ISSET) {
+                       any_set = 1;
+                       break;
+               }
+
+       /*
+        * Check attributes - note that all array elements
+        * have (should have?) the same attributes, so checking
+        * the first is sufficient.
+        *
+        * Report an unset param only if the user has
+        * explicitly given it some attribute (like export);
+        * otherwise, after "echo $FOO", we would report FOO...
+        */
+       if (!any_set && !(vp->flag & USERATTRIB))
+               return;
+       if (flag && (vp->flag & flag) == 0)
+               return;
+       if (!(vp->flag & ARRAY))
+               /* optimise later conditionals */
+               any_set = 0;
+       do {
+               /*
+                * Ignore array elements that aren't set unless there
+                * are no set elements, in which case the first is
+                * reported on
+                */
+               if (any_set && !(vp->flag & ISSET))
+                       continue;
+               /* no arguments */
+               if (!thing && !flag) {
+                       if (any_set == 1) {
+                               shprintf("%s %s %s\n", Tset, "-A", vp->name);
+                               any_set = 2;
+                       }
+                       /*
+                        * AT&T ksh prints things like export, integer,
+                        * leftadj, zerofill, etc., but POSIX says must
+                        * be suitable for re-entry...
+                        */
+                       shprintf("%s %s", Ttypeset, "");
+                       if (((vp->flag & (ARRAY | ASSOC)) == ASSOC))
+                               shprintf("-%c ", 'n');
+                       if ((vp->flag & INTEGER))
+                               shprintf("-%c ", 'i');
+                       if ((vp->flag & EXPORT))
+                               shprintf("-%c ", 'x');
+                       if ((vp->flag & RDONLY))
+                               shprintf("-%c ", 'r');
+                       if ((vp->flag & TRACE))
+                               shprintf("-%c ", 't');
+                       if ((vp->flag & LJUST))
+                               shprintf("-L%d ", vp->u2.field);
+                       if ((vp->flag & RJUST))
+                               shprintf("-R%d ", vp->u2.field);
+                       if ((vp->flag & ZEROFIL))
+                               shprintf("-%c ", 'Z');
+                       if ((vp->flag & LCASEV))
+                               shprintf("-%c ", 'l');
+                       if ((vp->flag & UCASEV_AL))
+                               shprintf("-%c ", 'u');
+                       if ((vp->flag & INT_U))
+                               shprintf("-%c ", 'U');
+               } else if (pflag) {
+                       shprintf("%s %s", istset ? Ttypeset :
+                           (flag & EXPORT) ? Texport : Treadonly, "");
+               }
+               if (any_set)
+                       shprintf("%s[%lu]", vp->name, arrayindex(vp));
+               else
+                       shf_puts(vp->name, shl_stdout);
+               if ((!thing && !flag && pflag) ||
+                   (thing == '-' && (vp->flag & ISSET))) {
+                       s = str_val(vp);
+                       shf_putc('=', shl_stdout);
+                       /* AT&T ksh can't have justified integers... */
+                       if ((vp->flag & (INTEGER | LJUST | RJUST)) == INTEGER)
+                               shf_puts(s, shl_stdout);
+                       else
+                               print_value_quoted(shl_stdout, s);
+               }
+               shf_putc('\n', shl_stdout);
+
+               /*
+                * Only report first 'element' of an array with
+                * no set elements.
+                */
+               if (!any_set)
+                       return;
+       } while ((vp = vp->u.array));
+}
+
+int
+c_alias(const char **wp)
+{
+       struct table *t = &aliases;
+       int rv = 0, prefix = 0;
+       bool rflag = false, tflag, Uflag = false, pflag = false;
+       uint32_t xflag = 0;
+       int optc;
+
+       builtin_opt.flags |= GF_PLUSOPT;
+       while ((optc = ksh_getopt(wp, &builtin_opt, "dprtUx")) != -1) {
+               prefix = builtin_opt.info & GI_PLUS ? '+' : '-';
+               switch (optc) {
+               case 'd':
+#ifdef MKSH_NOPWNAM
+                       t = NULL;       /* fix "alias -dt" */
+#else
+                       t = &homedirs;
+#endif
+                       break;
+               case 'p':
+                       pflag = true;
+                       break;
+               case 'r':
+                       rflag = true;
+                       break;
+               case 't':
+                       t = &taliases;
+                       break;
+               case 'U':
+                       /*
+                        * kludge for tracked alias initialization
+                        * (don't do a path search, just make an entry)
+                        */
+                       Uflag = true;
+                       break;
+               case 'x':
+                       xflag = EXPORT;
+                       break;
+               case '?':
+                       return (1);
+               }
+       }
+#ifdef MKSH_NOPWNAM
+       if (t == NULL)
+               return (0);
+#endif
+       wp += builtin_opt.optind;
+
+       if (!(builtin_opt.info & GI_MINUSMINUS) && *wp &&
+           (wp[0][0] == '-' || wp[0][0] == '+') && wp[0][1] == '\0') {
+               prefix = wp[0][0];
+               wp++;
+       }
+
+       tflag = t == &taliases;
+
+       /* "hash -r" means reset all the tracked aliases.. */
+       if (rflag) {
+               static const char *args[] = {
+                       Tunalias, "-ta", NULL
+               };
+
+               if (!tflag || *wp) {
+                       shprintf("%s: -r flag can only be used with -t"
+                           " and without arguments\n", Talias);
+                       return (1);
+               }
+               ksh_getopt_reset(&builtin_opt, GF_ERROR);
+               return (c_unalias(args));
+       }
+
+       if (*wp == NULL) {
+               struct tbl *ap, **p;
+
+               for (p = ktsort(t); (ap = *p++) != NULL; )
+                       if ((ap->flag & (ISSET|xflag)) == (ISSET|xflag)) {
+                               if (pflag)
+                                       shprintf("%s ", Talias);
+                               shf_puts(ap->name, shl_stdout);
+                               if (prefix != '+') {
+                                       shf_putc('=', shl_stdout);
+                                       print_value_quoted(shl_stdout, ap->val.s);
+                               }
+                               shf_putc('\n', shl_stdout);
+                       }
+       }
+
+       for (; *wp != NULL; wp++) {
+               const char *alias = *wp, *val, *newval;
+               char *xalias = NULL;
+               struct tbl *ap;
+               uint32_t h;
+
+               if ((val = cstrchr(alias, '='))) {
+                       strndupx(xalias, alias, val++ - alias, ATEMP);
+                       alias = xalias;
+               }
+               h = hash(alias);
+               if (val == NULL && !tflag && !xflag) {
+                       ap = ktsearch(t, alias, h);
+                       if (ap != NULL && (ap->flag&ISSET)) {
+                               if (pflag)
+                                       shprintf("%s ", Talias);
+                               shf_puts(ap->name, shl_stdout);
+                               if (prefix != '+') {
+                                       shf_putc('=', shl_stdout);
+                                       print_value_quoted(shl_stdout, ap->val.s);
+                               }
+                               shf_putc('\n', shl_stdout);
+                       } else {
+                               shprintf("%s %s %s\n", alias, Talias,
+                                   "not found");
+                               rv = 1;
+                       }
+                       continue;
+               }
+               ap = ktenter(t, alias, h);
+               ap->type = tflag ? CTALIAS : CALIAS;
+               /* Are we setting the value or just some flags? */
+               if ((val && !tflag) || (!val && tflag && !Uflag)) {
+                       if (ap->flag&ALLOC) {
+                               ap->flag &= ~(ALLOC|ISSET);
+                               afree(ap->val.s, APERM);
+                       }
+                       /* ignore values for -t (AT&T ksh does this) */
+                       newval = tflag ?
+                           search_path(alias, path, X_OK, NULL) :
+                           val;
+                       if (newval) {
+                               strdupx(ap->val.s, newval, APERM);
+                               ap->flag |= ALLOC|ISSET;
+                       } else
+                               ap->flag &= ~ISSET;
+               }
+               ap->flag |= DEFINED;
+               if (prefix == '+')
+                       ap->flag &= ~xflag;
+               else
+                       ap->flag |= xflag;
+               afree(xalias, ATEMP);
+       }
+
+       return (rv);
+}
+
+int
+c_unalias(const char **wp)
+{
+       struct table *t = &aliases;
+       struct tbl *ap;
+       int optc, rv = 0;
+       bool all = false;
+
+       while ((optc = ksh_getopt(wp, &builtin_opt, "adt")) != -1)
+               switch (optc) {
+               case 'a':
+                       all = true;
+                       break;
+               case 'd':
+#ifdef MKSH_NOPWNAM
+                       /* fix "unalias -dt" */
+                       t = NULL;
+#else
+                       t = &homedirs;
+#endif
+                       break;
+               case 't':
+                       t = &taliases;
+                       break;
+               case '?':
+                       return (1);
+               }
+#ifdef MKSH_NOPWNAM
+       if (t == NULL)
+               return (0);
+#endif
+       wp += builtin_opt.optind;
+
+       for (; *wp != NULL; wp++) {
+               ap = ktsearch(t, *wp, hash(*wp));
+               if (ap == NULL) {
+                       /* POSIX */
+                       rv = 1;
+                       continue;
+               }
+               if (ap->flag&ALLOC) {
+                       ap->flag &= ~(ALLOC|ISSET);
+                       afree(ap->val.s, APERM);
+               }
+               ap->flag &= ~(DEFINED|ISSET|EXPORT);
+       }
+
+       if (all) {
+               struct tstate ts;
+
+               for (ktwalk(&ts, t); (ap = ktnext(&ts)); ) {
+                       if (ap->flag&ALLOC) {
+                               ap->flag &= ~(ALLOC|ISSET);
+                               afree(ap->val.s, APERM);
+                       }
+                       ap->flag &= ~(DEFINED|ISSET|EXPORT);
+               }
+       }
+
+       return (rv);
+}
+
+int
+c_let(const char **wp)
+{
+       int rv = 1;
+       mksh_ari_t val;
+
+       if (wp[1] == NULL)
+               /* AT&T ksh does this */
+               bi_errorf("no arguments");
+       else
+               for (wp++; *wp; wp++)
+                       if (!evaluate(*wp, &val, KSH_RETURN_ERROR, true)) {
+                               /* distinguish error from zero result */
+                               rv = 2;
+                               break;
+                       } else
+                               rv = val == 0;
+       return (rv);
+}
+
+int
+c_jobs(const char **wp)
+{
+       int optc, flag = 0, nflag = 0, rv = 0;
+
+       while ((optc = ksh_getopt(wp, &builtin_opt, "lpnz")) != -1)
+               switch (optc) {
+               case 'l':
+                       flag = 1;
+                       break;
+               case 'p':
+                       flag = 2;
+                       break;
+               case 'n':
+                       nflag = 1;
+                       break;
+               case 'z':
+                       /* debugging: print zombies */
+                       nflag = -1;
+                       break;
+               case '?':
+                       return (1);
+               }
+       wp += builtin_opt.optind;
+       if (!*wp) {
+               if (j_jobs(NULL, flag, nflag))
+                       rv = 1;
+       } else {
+               for (; *wp; wp++)
+                       if (j_jobs(*wp, flag, nflag))
+                               rv = 1;
+       }
+       return (rv);
+}
+
+#ifndef MKSH_UNEMPLOYED
+int
+c_fgbg(const char **wp)
+{
+       bool bg = strcmp(*wp, "bg") == 0;
+       int rv = 0;
+
+       if (!Flag(FMONITOR)) {
+               bi_errorf("job control not enabled");
+               return (1);
+       }
+       if (ksh_getopt(wp, &builtin_opt, null) == '?')
+               return (1);
+       wp += builtin_opt.optind;
+       if (*wp)
+               for (; *wp; wp++)
+                       rv = j_resume(*wp, bg);
+       else
+               rv = j_resume("%%", bg);
+       /* fg returns $? of the job unless POSIX */
+       return ((bg | Flag(FPOSIX)) ? 0 : rv);
+}
+#endif
+
+/* format a single kill item */
+static void
+kill_fmt_entry(char *buf, size_t buflen, unsigned int i, const void *arg)
+{
+       const struct kill_info *ki = (const struct kill_info *)arg;
+
+       i++;
+       shf_snprintf(buf, buflen, "%*u %*s %s",
+           ki->num_width, i,
+           ki->name_width, sigtraps[i].name,
+           sigtraps[i].mess);
+}
+
+int
+c_kill(const char **wp)
+{
+       Trap *t = NULL;
+       const char *p;
+       bool lflag = false;
+       int i, n, rv, sig;
+
+       /* assume old style options if -digits or -UPPERCASE */
+       if ((p = wp[1]) && *p == '-' && (ksh_isdigit(p[1]) ||
+           ksh_isupper(p[1]))) {
+               if (!(t = gettrap(p + 1, false, false))) {
+                       bi_errorf("bad signal '%s'", p + 1);
+                       return (1);
+               }
+               i = (wp[2] && strcmp(wp[2], "--") == 0) ? 3 : 2;
+       } else {
+               int optc;
+
+               while ((optc = ksh_getopt(wp, &builtin_opt, "ls:")) != -1)
+                       switch (optc) {
+                       case 'l':
+                               lflag = true;
+                               break;
+                       case 's':
+                               if (!(t = gettrap(builtin_opt.optarg,
+                                   true, false))) {
+                                       bi_errorf("bad signal '%s'",
+                                           builtin_opt.optarg);
+                                       return (1);
+                               }
+                               break;
+                       case '?':
+                               return (1);
+                       }
+               i = builtin_opt.optind;
+       }
+       if ((lflag && t) || (!wp[i] && !lflag)) {
+#ifndef MKSH_SMALL
+               shf_puts("usage:\tkill [-s signame | -signum | -signame]"
+                   " { job | pid | pgrp } ...\n"
+                   "\tkill -l [exit_status ...]\n", shl_out);
+#endif
+               bi_errorfz();
+               return (1);
+       }
+
+       if (lflag) {
+               if (wp[i]) {
+                       for (; wp[i]; i++) {
+                               if (!bi_getn(wp[i], &n))
+                                       return (1);
+#if (ksh_NSIG <= 128)
+                               if (n > 128 && n < 128 + ksh_NSIG)
+                                       n -= 128;
+#endif
+                               if (n > 0 && n < ksh_NSIG)
+                                       shprintf("%s\n", sigtraps[n].name);
+                               else
+                                       shprintf("%d\n", n);
+                       }
+               } else if (Flag(FPOSIX)) {
+                       n = 1;
+                       while (n < ksh_NSIG) {
+                               shf_puts(sigtraps[n].name, shl_stdout);
+                               shf_putc(++n == ksh_NSIG ? '\n' : ' ',
+                                   shl_stdout);
+                       }
+               } else {
+                       ssize_t w, mess_cols = 0, mess_octs = 0;
+                       int j = ksh_NSIG - 1;
+                       struct kill_info ki = { 0, 0 };
+
+                       do {
+                               ki.num_width++;
+                       } while ((j /= 10));
+
+                       for (j = 1; j < ksh_NSIG; j++) {
+                               w = strlen(sigtraps[j].name);
+                               if (w > ki.name_width)
+                                       ki.name_width = w;
+                               w = strlen(sigtraps[j].mess);
+                               if (w > mess_octs)
+                                       mess_octs = w;
+                               w = utf_mbswidth(sigtraps[j].mess);
+                               if (w > mess_cols)
+                                       mess_cols = w;
+                       }
+
+                       print_columns(shl_stdout, (unsigned int)(ksh_NSIG - 1),
+                           kill_fmt_entry, (void *)&ki,
+                           ki.num_width + 1 + ki.name_width + 1 + mess_octs,
+                           ki.num_width + 1 + ki.name_width + 1 + mess_cols,
+                           true);
+               }
+               return (0);
+       }
+       rv = 0;
+       sig = t ? t->signal : SIGTERM;
+       for (; (p = wp[i]); i++) {
+               if (*p == '%') {
+                       if (j_kill(p, sig))
+                               rv = 1;
+               } else if (!getn(p, &n)) {
+                       bi_errorf("%s: %s", p,
+                           "arguments must be jobs or process IDs");
+                       rv = 1;
+               } else {
+                       if (mksh_kill(n, sig) < 0) {
+                               bi_errorf("%s: %s", p, cstrerror(errno));
+                               rv = 1;
+                       }
+               }
+       }
+       return (rv);
+}
+
+void
+getopts_reset(int val)
+{
+       if (val >= 1) {
+               ksh_getopt_reset(&user_opt, GF_NONAME |
+                   (Flag(FPOSIX) ? 0 : GF_PLUSOPT));
+               user_opt.optind = user_opt.uoptind = val;
+       }
+}
+
+int
+c_getopts(const char **wp)
+{
+       int argc, optc, rv;
+       const char *opts, *var;
+       char buf[3];
+       struct tbl *vq, *voptarg;
+
+       if (ksh_getopt(wp, &builtin_opt, null) == '?')
+               return (1);
+       wp += builtin_opt.optind;
+
+       opts = *wp++;
+       if (!opts) {
+               bi_errorf("missing %s argument", "options");
+               return (1);
+       }
+
+       var = *wp++;
+       if (!var) {
+               bi_errorf("missing %s argument", "name");
+               return (1);
+       }
+       if (!*var || *skip_varname(var, true)) {
+               bi_errorf("%s: %s", var, "is not an identifier");
+               return (1);
+       }
+
+       if (e->loc->next == NULL) {
+               internal_warningf("%s: %s", "c_getopts", "no argv");
+               return (1);
+       }
+       /* Which arguments are we parsing... */
+       if (*wp == NULL)
+               wp = e->loc->next->argv;
+       else
+               *--wp = e->loc->next->argv[0];
+
+       /* Check that our saved state won't cause a core dump... */
+       for (argc = 0; wp[argc]; argc++)
+               ;
+       if (user_opt.optind > argc ||
+           (user_opt.p != 0 &&
+           user_opt.p > strlen(wp[user_opt.optind - 1]))) {
+               bi_errorf("arguments changed since last call");
+               return (1);
+       }
+
+       user_opt.optarg = NULL;
+       optc = ksh_getopt(wp, &user_opt, opts);
+
+       if (optc >= 0 && optc != '?' && (user_opt.info & GI_PLUS)) {
+               buf[0] = '+';
+               buf[1] = optc;
+               buf[2] = '\0';
+       } else {
+               /*
+                * POSIX says var is set to ? at end-of-options, AT&T ksh
+                * sets it to null - we go with POSIX...
+                */
+               buf[0] = optc < 0 ? '?' : optc;
+               buf[1] = '\0';
+       }
+
+       /* AT&T ksh93 in fact does change OPTIND for unknown options too */
+       user_opt.uoptind = user_opt.optind;
+
+       voptarg = global("OPTARG");
+       /* AT&T ksh clears ro and int */
+       voptarg->flag &= ~RDONLY;
+       /* Paranoia: ensure no bizarre results. */
+       if (voptarg->flag & INTEGER)
+           typeset("OPTARG", 0, INTEGER, 0, 0);
+       if (user_opt.optarg == NULL)
+               unset(voptarg, 1);
+       else
+               /* This can't fail (have cleared readonly/integer) */
+               setstr(voptarg, user_opt.optarg, KSH_RETURN_ERROR);
+
+       rv = 0;
+
+       vq = global(var);
+       /* Error message already printed (integer, readonly) */
+       if (!setstr(vq, buf, KSH_RETURN_ERROR))
+               rv = 2;
+       if (Flag(FEXPORT))
+               typeset(var, EXPORT, 0, 0, 0);
+
+       return (optc < 0 ? 1 : rv);
+}
+
+#ifndef MKSH_NO_CMDLINE_EDITING
+int
+c_bind(const char **wp)
+{
+       int optc, rv = 0;
+#ifndef MKSH_SMALL
+       bool macro = false;
+#endif
+       bool list = false;
+       const char *cp;
+       char *up;
+
+       while ((optc = ksh_getopt(wp, &builtin_opt,
+#ifndef MKSH_SMALL
+           "lm"
+#else
+           "l"
+#endif
+           )) != -1)
+               switch (optc) {
+               case 'l':
+                       list = true;
+                       break;
+#ifndef MKSH_SMALL
+               case 'm':
+                       macro = true;
+                       break;
+#endif
+               case '?':
+                       return (1);
+               }
+       wp += builtin_opt.optind;
+
+       if (*wp == NULL)
+               /* list all */
+               rv = x_bind(NULL, NULL,
+#ifndef MKSH_SMALL
+                   false,
+#endif
+                   list);
+
+       for (; *wp != NULL; wp++) {
+               if ((cp = cstrchr(*wp, '=')) == NULL)
+                       up = NULL;
+               else {
+                       strdupx(up, *wp, ATEMP);
+                       up[cp++ - *wp] = '\0';
+               }
+               if (x_bind(up ? up : *wp, cp,
+#ifndef MKSH_SMALL
+                   macro,
+#endif
+                   false))
+                       rv = 1;
+               afree(up, ATEMP);
+       }
+
+       return (rv);
+}
+#endif
+
+int
+c_shift(const char **wp)
+{
+       struct block *l = e->loc;
+       int n;
+       mksh_ari_t val;
+       const char *arg;
+
+       if (ksh_getopt(wp, &builtin_opt, null) == '?')
+               return (1);
+       arg = wp[builtin_opt.optind];
+
+       if (!arg)
+               n = 1;
+       else if (!evaluate(arg, &val, KSH_RETURN_ERROR, false)) {
+               /* error already printed */
+               bi_errorfz();
+               return (1);
+       } else if (!(n = val)) {
+               /* nothing to do */
+               return (0);
+       } else if (n < 0) {
+               bi_errorf("%s: %s", arg, "bad number");
+               return (1);
+       }
+       if (l->argc < n) {
+               bi_errorf("nothing to shift");
+               return (1);
+       }
+       l->argv[n] = l->argv[0];
+       l->argv += n;
+       l->argc -= n;
+       return (0);
+}
+
+int
+c_umask(const char **wp)
+{
+       int i, optc;
+       const char *cp;
+       bool symbolic = false;
+       mode_t old_umask;
+
+       while ((optc = ksh_getopt(wp, &builtin_opt, "S")) != -1)
+               switch (optc) {
+               case 'S':
+                       symbolic = true;
+                       break;
+               case '?':
+                       return (1);
+               }
+       cp = wp[builtin_opt.optind];
+       if (cp == NULL) {
+               old_umask = umask((mode_t)0);
+               umask(old_umask);
+               if (symbolic) {
+                       char buf[18], *p;
+                       int j;
+
+                       old_umask = ~old_umask;
+                       p = buf;
+                       for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
+                               *p++ = "ugo"[i];
+                               *p++ = '=';
+                               for (j = 0; j < 3; j++)
+                                       if (old_umask & (1 << (8 - (3*i + j))))
+                                               *p++ = "rwx"[j];
+                               *p++ = ',';
+                       }
+                       p[-1] = '\0';
+                       shprintf("%s\n", buf);
+               } else
+                       shprintf("%#3.3o\n", (unsigned int)old_umask);
+       } else {
+               mode_t new_umask;
+
+               if (ksh_isdigit(*cp)) {
+                       new_umask = 0;
+                       while (*cp >= ord('0') && *cp <= ord('7')) {
+                               new_umask = new_umask * 8 + ksh_numdig(*cp);
+                               ++cp;
+                       }
+                       if (*cp) {
+                               bi_errorf("bad number");
+                               return (1);
+                       }
+               } else {
+                       /* symbolic format */
+                       int positions, new_val;
+                       char op;
+
+                       old_umask = umask((mode_t)0);
+                       /* in case of error */
+                       umask(old_umask);
+                       old_umask = ~old_umask;
+                       new_umask = old_umask;
+                       positions = 0;
+                       while (*cp) {
+                               while (*cp && vstrchr("augo", *cp))
+                                       switch (*cp++) {
+                                       case 'a':
+                                               positions |= 0111;
+                                               break;
+                                       case 'u':
+                                               positions |= 0100;
+                                               break;
+                                       case 'g':
+                                               positions |= 0010;
+                                               break;
+                                       case 'o':
+                                               positions |= 0001;
+                                               break;
+                                       }
+                               if (!positions)
+                                       /* default is a */
+                                       positions = 0111;
+                               if (!vstrchr("=+-", op = *cp))
+                                       break;
+                               cp++;
+                               new_val = 0;
+                               while (*cp && vstrchr("rwxugoXs", *cp))
+                                       switch (*cp++) {
+                                       case 'r': new_val |= 04; break;
+                                       case 'w': new_val |= 02; break;
+                                       case 'x': new_val |= 01; break;
+                                       case 'u':
+                                               new_val |= old_umask >> 6;
+                                               break;
+                                       case 'g':
+                                               new_val |= old_umask >> 3;
+                                               break;
+                                       case 'o':
+                                               new_val |= old_umask >> 0;
+                                               break;
+                                       case 'X':
+                                               if (old_umask & 0111)
+                                                       new_val |= 01;
+                                               break;
+                                       case 's':
+                                               /* ignored */
+                                               break;
+                                       }
+                               new_val = (new_val & 07) * positions;
+                               switch (op) {
+                               case '-':
+                                       new_umask &= ~new_val;
+                                       break;
+                               case '=':
+                                       new_umask = new_val |
+                                           (new_umask & ~(positions * 07));
+                                       break;
+                               case '+':
+                                       new_umask |= new_val;
+                               }
+                               if (*cp == ',') {
+                                       positions = 0;
+                                       cp++;
+                               } else if (!vstrchr("=+-", *cp))
+                                       break;
+                       }
+                       if (*cp) {
+                               bi_errorf("bad mask");
+                               return (1);
+                       }
+                       new_umask = ~new_umask;
+               }
+               umask(new_umask);
+       }
+       return (0);
+}
+
+int
+c_dot(const char **wp)
+{
+       const char *file, *cp, **argv;
+       int argc, i, errcode;
+
+       if (ksh_getopt(wp, &builtin_opt, null) == '?')
+               return (1);
+
+       if ((cp = wp[builtin_opt.optind]) == NULL) {
+               bi_errorf("missing argument");
+               return (1);
+       }
+       file = search_path(cp, path, R_OK, &errcode);
+       if (!file && errcode == ENOENT && wp[0][0] == 's' &&
+           search_access(cp, R_OK) == 0)
+               file = cp;
+       if (!file) {
+               bi_errorf("%s: %s", cp, cstrerror(errcode));
+               return (1);
+       }
+
+       /* Set positional parameters? */
+       if (wp[builtin_opt.optind + 1]) {
+               argv = wp + builtin_opt.optind;
+               /* preserve $0 */
+               argv[0] = e->loc->argv[0];
+               for (argc = 0; argv[argc + 1]; argc++)
+                       ;
+       } else {
+               argc = 0;
+               argv = NULL;
+       }
+       if ((i = include(file, argc, argv, false)) < 0) {
+               /* should not happen */
+               bi_errorf("%s: %s", cp, cstrerror(errno));
+               return (1);
+       }
+       return (i);
+}
+
+int
+c_wait(const char **wp)
+{
+       int rv = 0, sig;
+
+       if (ksh_getopt(wp, &builtin_opt, null) == '?')
+               return (1);
+       wp += builtin_opt.optind;
+       if (*wp == NULL) {
+               while (waitfor(NULL, &sig) >= 0)
+                       ;
+               rv = sig;
+       } else {
+               for (; *wp; wp++)
+                       rv = waitfor(*wp, &sig);
+               if (rv < 0)
+                       /* magic exit code: bad job-id */
+                       rv = sig ? sig : 127;
+       }
+       return (rv);
+}
+
+static char REPLY[] = "REPLY";
+int
+c_read(const char **wp)
+{
+#define is_ifsws(c) (ctype((c), C_IFS) && ctype((c), C_IFSWS))
+       int c, fd = 0, rv = 0;
+       bool savehist = false, intoarray = false, aschars = false;
+       bool rawmode = false, expanding = false;
+       bool lastparmmode = false, lastparmused = false;
+       enum { LINES, BYTES, UPTO, READALL } readmode = LINES;
+       char delim = '\n';
+       size_t bytesleft = 128, bytesread;
+       struct tbl *vp /* FU gcc */ = NULL, *vq = NULL;
+       char *cp, *allocd = NULL, *xp;
+       const char *ccp;
+       XString xs;
+       size_t xsave = 0;
+       mksh_ttyst tios;
+       bool restore_tios = false;
+       /* to catch read -aN2 foo[i] */
+       bool subarray = false;
+#if HAVE_SELECT
+       bool hastimeout = false;
+       struct timeval tv, tvlim;
+#define c_read_opts "Aad:N:n:prst:u,"
+#else
+#define c_read_opts "Aad:N:n:prsu,"
+#endif
+
+       while ((c = ksh_getopt(wp, &builtin_opt, c_read_opts)) != -1)
+       switch (c) {
+       case 'a':
+               aschars = true;
+               /* FALLTHROUGH */
+       case 'A':
+               intoarray = true;
+               break;
+       case 'd':
+               delim = builtin_opt.optarg[0];
+               break;
+       case 'N':
+       case 'n':
+               readmode = c == 'N' ? BYTES : UPTO;
+               if (!bi_getn(builtin_opt.optarg, &c))
+                       return (2);
+               if (c == -1) {
+                       readmode = readmode == BYTES ? READALL : UPTO;
+                       bytesleft = 1024;
+               } else
+                       bytesleft = (unsigned int)c;
+               break;
+       case 'p':
+               if ((fd = coproc_getfd(R_OK, &ccp)) < 0) {
+                       bi_errorf("-p: %s", ccp);
+                       return (2);
+               }
+               break;
+       case 'r':
+               rawmode = true;
+               break;
+       case 's':
+               savehist = true;
+               break;
+#if HAVE_SELECT
+       case 't':
+               if (parse_usec(builtin_opt.optarg, &tv)) {
+                       bi_errorf("%s: %s '%s'", Tsynerr, cstrerror(errno),
+                           builtin_opt.optarg);
+                       return (2);
+               }
+               hastimeout = true;
+               break;
+#endif
+       case 'u':
+               if (!builtin_opt.optarg[0])
+                       fd = 0;
+               else if ((fd = check_fd(builtin_opt.optarg, R_OK, &ccp)) < 0) {
+                       bi_errorf("%s: %s: %s", "-u", builtin_opt.optarg, ccp);
+                       return (2);
+               }
+               break;
+       case '?':
+               return (2);
+       }
+       wp += builtin_opt.optind;
+       if (*wp == NULL)
+               *--wp = REPLY;
+
+       if (intoarray && wp[1] != NULL) {
+               bi_errorf("too many arguments");
+               return (2);
+       }
+
+       if ((ccp = cstrchr(*wp, '?')) != NULL) {
+               strdupx(allocd, *wp, ATEMP);
+               allocd[ccp - *wp] = '\0';
+               *wp = allocd;
+               if (isatty(fd)) {
+                       /*
+                        * AT&T ksh says it prints prompt on fd if it's open
+                        * for writing and is a tty, but it doesn't do it
+                        * (it also doesn't check the interactive flag,
+                        * as is indicated in the Korn Shell book).
+                        */
+                       shf_puts(ccp + 1, shl_out);
+                       shf_flush(shl_out);
+               }
+       }
+
+       Xinit(xs, xp, bytesleft, ATEMP);
+
+       if (readmode == LINES)
+               bytesleft = 1;
+       else if (isatty(fd)) {
+               x_mkraw(fd, &tios, true);
+               restore_tios = true;
+       }
+
+#if HAVE_SELECT
+       if (hastimeout) {
+               mksh_TIME(tvlim);
+               timeradd(&tvlim, &tv, &tvlim);
+       }
+#endif
+
+ c_read_readloop:
+#if HAVE_SELECT
+       if (hastimeout) {
+               fd_set fdset;
+
+               FD_ZERO(&fdset);
+               FD_SET((unsigned int)fd, &fdset);
+               mksh_TIME(tv);
+               timersub(&tvlim, &tv, &tv);
+               if (tv.tv_sec < 0) {
+                       /* timeout expired globally */
+                       rv = 1;
+                       goto c_read_out;
+               }
+
+               switch (select(fd + 1, &fdset, NULL, NULL, &tv)) {
+               case 1:
+                       break;
+               case 0:
+                       /* timeout expired for this call */
+                       bytesread = 0;
+                       /* fake EOF read; all cases return 1 */
+                       goto c_read_didread;
+               default:
+                       bi_errorf("%s: %s", Tselect, cstrerror(errno));
+                       rv = 2;
+                       goto c_read_out;
+               }
+       }
+#endif
+
+       bytesread = blocking_read(fd, xp, bytesleft);
+       if (bytesread == (size_t)-1) {
+               /* interrupted */
+               if (errno == EINTR && fatal_trap_check()) {
+                       /*
+                        * Was the offending signal one that would
+                        * normally kill a process? If so, pretend
+                        * the read was killed.
+                        */
+                       rv = 2;
+                       goto c_read_out;
+               }
+               /* just ignore the signal */
+               goto c_read_readloop;
+       }
+
+ c_read_didread:
+       switch (readmode) {
+       case READALL:
+               if (bytesread == 0) {
+                       /* end of file reached */
+                       rv = 1;
+                       goto c_read_readdone;
+               }
+               xp += bytesread;
+               XcheckN(xs, xp, bytesleft);
+               break;
+
+       case UPTO:
+               if (bytesread == 0)
+                       /* end of file reached */
+                       rv = 1;
+               xp += bytesread;
+               goto c_read_readdone;
+
+       case BYTES:
+               if (bytesread == 0) {
+                       /* end of file reached */
+                       rv = 1;
+                       /* may be partial read: $? = 1, but content */
+                       goto c_read_readdone;
+               }
+               xp += bytesread;
+               if ((bytesleft -= bytesread) == 0)
+                       goto c_read_readdone;
+               break;
+       case LINES:
+               if (bytesread == 0) {
+                       /* end of file reached */
+                       rv = 1;
+                       goto c_read_readdone;
+               }
+               if ((c = *xp) == '\0' && !aschars && delim != '\0') {
+                       /* skip any read NULs unless delimiter */
+                       break;
+               }
+               if (expanding) {
+                       expanding = false;
+                       if (c == delim) {
+                               if (Flag(FTALKING_I) && isatty(fd)) {
+                                       /*
+                                        * set prompt in case this is
+                                        * called from .profile or $ENV
+                                        */
+                                       set_prompt(PS2, NULL);
+                                       pprompt(prompt, 0);
+                               }
+                               /* drop the backslash */
+                               --xp;
+                               /* and the delimiter */
+                               break;
+                       }
+               } else if (c == delim) {
+                       goto c_read_readdone;
+               } else if (!rawmode && c == '\\') {
+                       expanding = true;
+               }
+               Xcheck(xs, xp);
+               ++xp;
+               break;
+       }
+       goto c_read_readloop;
+
+ c_read_readdone:
+       bytesread = Xlength(xs, xp);
+       Xput(xs, xp, '\0');
+
+       /*-
+        * state: we finished reading the input and NUL terminated it
+        * Xstring(xs, xp) -> xp-1 = input string without trailing delim
+        * rv = 1 if EOF, 0 otherwise (errors handled already)
+        */
+
+       if (rv == 1) {
+               /* clean up coprocess if needed, on EOF */
+               coproc_read_close(fd);
+               if (readmode == READALL)
+                       /* EOF is no error here */
+                       rv = 0;
+       }
+
+       if (savehist)
+               histsave(&source->line, Xstring(xs, xp), HIST_STORE, false);
+
+       ccp = cp = Xclose(xs, xp);
+       expanding = false;
+       XinitN(xs, 128, ATEMP);
+       if (intoarray) {
+               vp = global(*wp);
+               subarray = last_lookup_was_array;
+               if (vp->flag & RDONLY) {
+ c_read_splitro:
+                       bi_errorf("read-only: %s", *wp);
+ c_read_spliterr:
+                       rv = 2;
+                       afree(cp, ATEMP);
+                       goto c_read_out;
+               }
+               /* counter for array index */
+               c = subarray ? arrayindex(vp) : 0;
+               /* exporting an array is currently pointless */
+               unset(vp, subarray ? 0 : 1);
+       }
+       if (!aschars) {
+               /* skip initial IFS whitespace */
+               while (bytesread && is_ifsws(*ccp)) {
+                       ++ccp;
+                       --bytesread;
+               }
+               /* trim trailing IFS whitespace */
+               while (bytesread && is_ifsws(ccp[bytesread - 1])) {
+                       --bytesread;
+               }
+       }
+ c_read_splitloop:
+       xp = Xstring(xs, xp);
+       /* generate next word */
+       if (!bytesread) {
+               /* no more input */
+               if (intoarray)
+                       goto c_read_splitdone;
+               /* zero out next parameters */
+               goto c_read_gotword;
+       }
+       if (aschars) {
+               Xput(xs, xp, '1');
+               Xput(xs, xp, '#');
+               bytesleft = utf_ptradj(ccp);
+               while (bytesleft && bytesread) {
+                       *xp++ = *ccp++;
+                       --bytesleft;
+                       --bytesread;
+               }
+               if (xp[-1] == '\0') {
+                       xp[-1] = '0';
+                       xp[-3] = '2';
+               }
+               goto c_read_gotword;
+       }
+
+       if (!intoarray && wp[1] == NULL)
+               lastparmmode = true;
+
+ c_read_splitlast:
+       /* copy until IFS character */
+       while (bytesread) {
+               char ch;
+
+               ch = *ccp;
+               if (expanding) {
+                       expanding = false;
+                       goto c_read_splitcopy;
+               } else if (ctype(ch, C_IFS)) {
+                       break;
+               } else if (!rawmode && ch == '\\') {
+                       expanding = true;
+               } else {
+ c_read_splitcopy:
+                       Xcheck(xs, xp);
+                       Xput(xs, xp, ch);
+               }
+               ++ccp;
+               --bytesread;
+       }
+       xsave = Xsavepos(xs, xp);
+       /* copy word delimiter: IFSWS+IFS,IFSWS */
+       expanding = false;
+       while (bytesread) {
+               char ch;
+
+               ch = *ccp;
+               if (!ctype(ch, C_IFS))
+                       break;
+               if (lastparmmode && !expanding && !rawmode && ch == '\\') {
+                       expanding = true;
+               } else {
+                       Xcheck(xs, xp);
+                       Xput(xs, xp, ch);
+               }
+               ++ccp;
+               --bytesread;
+               if (expanding)
+                       continue;
+               if (!ctype(ch, C_IFSWS))
+                       break;
+       }
+       while (bytesread && is_ifsws(*ccp)) {
+               Xcheck(xs, xp);
+               Xput(xs, xp, *ccp);
+               ++ccp;
+               --bytesread;
+       }
+       /* if no more parameters, rinse and repeat */
+       if (lastparmmode && bytesread) {
+               lastparmused = true;
+               goto c_read_splitlast;
+       }
+       /* get rid of the delimiter unless we pack the rest */
+       if (!lastparmused)
+               xp = Xrestpos(xs, xp, xsave);
+ c_read_gotword:
+       Xput(xs, xp, '\0');
+       if (intoarray) {
+               if (subarray) {
+                       /* array element passed, accept first read */
+                       if (vq) {
+                               bi_errorf("nested arrays not yet supported");
+                               goto c_read_spliterr;
+                       }
+                       vq = vp;
+                       if (c)
+                               /* [0] doesn't */
+                               vq->flag |= AINDEX;
+               } else
+                       vq = arraysearch(vp, c++);
+       } else {
+               vq = global(*wp);
+               /* must be checked before exporting */
+               if (vq->flag & RDONLY)
+                       goto c_read_splitro;
+               if (Flag(FEXPORT))
+                       typeset(*wp, EXPORT, 0, 0, 0);
+       }
+       if (!setstr(vq, Xstring(xs, xp), KSH_RETURN_ERROR))
+               goto c_read_spliterr;
+       if (aschars) {
+               setint_v(vq, vq, false);
+               /* protect from UTFMODE changes */
+               vq->type = 0;
+       }
+       if (intoarray || *++wp != NULL)
+               goto c_read_splitloop;
+
+ c_read_splitdone:
+       /* free up */
+       afree(cp, ATEMP);
+
+ c_read_out:
+       afree(allocd, ATEMP);
+       Xfree(xs, xp);
+       if (restore_tios)
+               mksh_tcset(fd, &tios);
+       return (rv);
+#undef is_ifsws
+}
+
+int
+c_eval(const char **wp)
+{
+       struct source *s, *saves = source;
+       unsigned char savef;
+       int rv;
+
+       if (ksh_getopt(wp, &builtin_opt, null) == '?')
+               return (1);
+       s = pushs(SWORDS, ATEMP);
+       s->u.strv = wp + builtin_opt.optind;
+
+       /*-
+        * The following code handles the case where the command is
+        * empty due to failed command substitution, for example by
+        *      eval "$(false)"
+        * This has historically returned 1 by AT&T ksh88. In this
+        * case, shell() will not set or change exstat because the
+        * compiled tree is empty, so it will use the value we pass
+        * from subst_exstat, which is cleared in execute(), so it
+        * should have been 0 if there were no substitutions.
+        *
+        * POSIX however says we don't do this, even though it is
+        * traditionally done. AT&T ksh93 agrees with POSIX, so we
+        * do. The following is an excerpt from SUSv4 [1003.2-2008]:
+        *
+        * 2.9.1: Simple Commands
+        *      ... If there is a command name, execution shall
+        *      continue as described in 2.9.1.1 [Command Search
+        *      and Execution]. If there is no command name, but
+        *      the command contained a command substitution, the
+        *      command shall complete with the exit status of the
+        *      last command substitution performed.
+        * 2.9.1.1: Command Search and Execution
+        *      (1) a. If the command name matches the name of a
+        *      special built-in utility, that special built-in
+        *      utility shall be invoked.
+        * 2.14.5: eval
+        *      If there are no arguments, or only null arguments,
+        *      eval shall return a zero exit status; ...
+        */
+       /* AT&T ksh88: use subst_exstat */
+       /* exstat = subst_exstat; */
+       /* SUSv4: OR with a high value never written otherwise */
+       exstat |= 0x4000;
+
+       savef = Flag(FERREXIT);
+       Flag(FERREXIT) |= 0x80;
+       rv = shell(s, false);
+       Flag(FERREXIT) = savef;
+       source = saves;
+       afree(s, ATEMP);
+       if (exstat & 0x4000)
+               /* detect old exstat, use 0 in that case */
+               rv = 0;
+       return (rv);
+}
+
+int
+c_trap(const char **wp)
+{
+       Trap *p = sigtraps;
+       int i = ksh_NSIG;
+       const char *s;
+
+       if (ksh_getopt(wp, &builtin_opt, null) == '?')
+               return (1);
+       wp += builtin_opt.optind;
+
+       if (*wp == NULL) {
+               do {
+                       if (p->trap) {
+                               shf_puts("trap -- ", shl_stdout);
+                               print_value_quoted(shl_stdout, p->trap);
+                               shprintf(" %s\n", p->name);
+                       }
+                       ++p;
+               } while (i--);
+               return (0);
+       }
+
+       if (getn(*wp, &i)) {
+               /* first argument is a signal number, reset them all */
+               s = NULL;
+       } else {
+               /* first argument must be a command, then */
+               s = *wp++;
+               /* reset traps? */
+               if (ksh_isdash(s))
+                       s = NULL;
+       }
+
+       /* set/clear the traps */
+       i = 0;
+       while (*wp)
+               if (!(p = gettrap(*wp++, true, true))) {
+                       warningf(true, "%s: bad signal '%s'",
+                           builtin_argv0, wp[-1]);
+                       i = 1;
+               } else
+                       settrap(p, s);
+       return (i);
+}
+
+int
+c_exitreturn(const char **wp)
+{
+       int n, how = LEXIT;
+
+       if (wp[1]) {
+               if (wp[2])
+                       goto c_exitreturn_err;
+               exstat = bi_getn(wp[1], &n) ? (n & 0xFF) : 1;
+       } else if (trap_exstat != -1)
+               exstat = trap_exstat;
+
+       if (wp[0][0] == 'r') {
+               /* return */
+               struct env *ep;
+
+               /*
+                * need to tell if this is exit or return so trap exit will
+                * work right (POSIX)
+                */
+               for (ep = e; ep; ep = ep->oenv)
+                       if (STOP_RETURN(ep->type)) {
+                               how = LRETURN;
+                               break;
+                       }
+       }
+
+       if (how == LEXIT && !really_exit && j_stopped_running()) {
+               really_exit = true;
+               how = LSHELL;
+       }
+
+       /* get rid of any I/O redirections */
+       quitenv(NULL);
+       unwind(how);
+       /* NOTREACHED */
+
+ c_exitreturn_err:
+       bi_errorf("too many arguments");
+       return (1);
+}
+
+int
+c_brkcont(const char **wp)
+{
+       unsigned int quit;
+       int n;
+       struct env *ep, *last_ep = NULL;
+       const char *arg;
+
+       if (ksh_getopt(wp, &builtin_opt, null) == '?')
+               goto c_brkcont_err;
+       arg = wp[builtin_opt.optind];
+
+       if (!arg)
+               n = 1;
+       else if (!bi_getn(arg, &n))
+               goto c_brkcont_err;
+       if (n <= 0) {
+               /* AT&T ksh does this for non-interactive shells only - weird */
+               bi_errorf("%s: bad value", arg);
+               goto c_brkcont_err;
+       }
+       quit = (unsigned int)n;
+
+       /* Stop at E_NONE, E_PARSE, E_FUNC, or E_INCL */
+       for (ep = e; ep && !STOP_BRKCONT(ep->type); ep = ep->oenv)
+               if (ep->type == E_LOOP) {
+                       if (--quit == 0)
+                               break;
+                       ep->flags |= EF_BRKCONT_PASS;
+                       last_ep = ep;
+               }
+
+       if (quit) {
+               /*
+                * AT&T ksh doesn't print a message - just does what it
+                * can. We print a message 'cause it helps in debugging
+                * scripts, but don't generate an error (ie, keep going).
+                */
+               if ((unsigned int)n == quit) {
+                       warningf(true, "%s: can't %s", wp[0], wp[0]);
+                       return (0);
+               }
+               /*
+                * POSIX says if n is too big, the last enclosing loop
+                * shall be used. Doesn't say to print an error but we
+                * do anyway 'cause the user messed up.
+                */
+               if (last_ep)
+                       last_ep->flags &= ~EF_BRKCONT_PASS;
+               warningf(true, "%s: can only %s %u level(s)",
+                   wp[0], wp[0], (unsigned int)n - quit);
+       }
+
+       unwind(*wp[0] == 'b' ? LBREAK : LCONTIN);
+       /* NOTREACHED */
+
+ c_brkcont_err:
+       return (1);
+}
+
+int
+c_set(const char **wp)
+{
+       int argi;
+       bool setargs;
+       struct block *l = e->loc;
+       const char **owp;
+
+       if (wp[1] == NULL) {
+               static const char *args[] = { Tset, "-", NULL };
+               return (c_typeset(args));
+       }
+
+       if ((argi = parse_args(wp, OF_SET, &setargs)) < 0)
+               return (2);
+       /* set $# and $* */
+       if (setargs) {
+               wp += argi - 1;
+               owp = wp;
+               /* save $0 */
+               wp[0] = l->argv[0];
+               while (*++wp != NULL)
+                       strdupx(*wp, *wp, &l->area);
+               l->argc = wp - owp - 1;
+               l->argv = alloc2(l->argc + 2, sizeof(char *), &l->area);
+               for (wp = l->argv; (*wp++ = *owp++) != NULL; )
+                       ;
+       }
+       /*-
+        * POSIX says set exit status is 0, but old scripts that use
+        * getopt(1) use the construct
+        *      set -- $(getopt ab:c "$@")
+        * which assumes the exit value set will be that of the $()
+        * (subst_exstat is cleared in execute() so that it will be 0
+        * if there are no command substitutions).
+        */
+#ifdef MKSH_LEGACY_MODE
+       /* traditional behaviour, unless set -o posix */
+       return (Flag(FPOSIX) ? 0 : subst_exstat);
+#else
+       /* conformant behaviour, unless set -o sh +o posix */
+       return (Flag(FSH) && !Flag(FPOSIX) ? subst_exstat : 0);
+#endif
+}
+
+int
+c_unset(const char **wp)
+{
+       const char *id;
+       int optc, rv = 0;
+       bool unset_var = true;
+
+       while ((optc = ksh_getopt(wp, &builtin_opt, "fv")) != -1)
+               switch (optc) {
+               case 'f':
+                       unset_var = false;
+                       break;
+               case 'v':
+                       unset_var = true;
+                       break;
+               case '?':
+                       /*XXX not reached due to GF_ERROR */
+                       return (2);
+               }
+       wp += builtin_opt.optind;
+       for (; (id = *wp) != NULL; wp++)
+               if (unset_var) {
+                       /* unset variable */
+                       struct tbl *vp;
+                       char *cp = NULL;
+                       size_t n;
+
+                       n = strlen(id);
+                       if (n > 3 && id[n-3] == '[' && id[n-2] == '*' &&
+                           id[n-1] == ']') {
+                               strndupx(cp, id, n - 3, ATEMP);
+                               id = cp;
+                               optc = 3;
+                       } else
+                               optc = vstrchr(id, '[') ? 0 : 1;
+
+                       vp = global(id);
+                       afree(cp, ATEMP);
+
+                       if ((vp->flag&RDONLY)) {
+                               warningf(true, "read-only: %s", vp->name);
+                               rv = 1;
+                       } else
+                               unset(vp, optc);
+               } else
+                       /* unset function */
+                       define(id, NULL);
+       return (rv);
+}
+
+static void
+p_time(struct shf *shf, bool posix, long tv_sec, int tv_usec, int width,
+    const char *prefix, const char *suffix)
+{
+       tv_usec /= 10000;
+       if (posix)
+               shf_fprintf(shf, "%s%*ld.%02d%s", prefix, width,
+                   tv_sec, tv_usec, suffix);
+       else
+               shf_fprintf(shf, "%s%*ldm%02d.%02ds%s", prefix, width,
+                   tv_sec / 60, (int)(tv_sec % 60), tv_usec, suffix);
+}
+
+int
+c_times(const char **wp MKSH_A_UNUSED)
+{
+       struct rusage usage;
+
+       getrusage(RUSAGE_SELF, &usage);
+       p_time(shl_stdout, false, usage.ru_utime.tv_sec,
+           usage.ru_utime.tv_usec, 0, null, " ");
+       p_time(shl_stdout, false, usage.ru_stime.tv_sec,
+           usage.ru_stime.tv_usec, 0, null, "\n");
+
+       getrusage(RUSAGE_CHILDREN, &usage);
+       p_time(shl_stdout, false, usage.ru_utime.tv_sec,
+           usage.ru_utime.tv_usec, 0, null, " ");
+       p_time(shl_stdout, false, usage.ru_stime.tv_sec,
+           usage.ru_stime.tv_usec, 0, null, "\n");
+
+       return (0);
+}
+
+/*
+ * time pipeline (really a statement, not a built-in command)
+ */
+int
+timex(struct op *t, int f, volatile int *xerrok)
+{
+#define TF_NOARGS      BIT(0)
+#define TF_NOREAL      BIT(1)          /* don't report real time */
+#define TF_POSIX       BIT(2)          /* report in POSIX format */
+       int rv = 0, tf = 0;
+       struct rusage ru0, ru1, cru0, cru1;
+       struct timeval usrtime, systime, tv0, tv1;
+
+       mksh_TIME(tv0);
+       getrusage(RUSAGE_SELF, &ru0);
+       getrusage(RUSAGE_CHILDREN, &cru0);
+       if (t->left) {
+               /*
+                * Two ways of getting cpu usage of a command: just use t0
+                * and t1 (which will get cpu usage from other jobs that
+                * finish while we are executing t->left), or get the
+                * cpu usage of t->left. AT&T ksh does the former, while
+                * pdksh tries to do the later (the j_usrtime hack doesn't
+                * really work as it only counts the last job).
+                */
+               timerclear(&j_usrtime);
+               timerclear(&j_systime);
+               rv = execute(t->left, f | XTIME, xerrok);
+               if (t->left->type == TCOM)
+                       tf |= t->left->str[0];
+               mksh_TIME(tv1);
+               getrusage(RUSAGE_SELF, &ru1);
+               getrusage(RUSAGE_CHILDREN, &cru1);
+       } else
+               tf = TF_NOARGS;
+
+       if (tf & TF_NOARGS) {
+               /* ksh93 - report shell times (shell+kids) */
+               tf |= TF_NOREAL;
+               timeradd(&ru0.ru_utime, &cru0.ru_utime, &usrtime);
+               timeradd(&ru0.ru_stime, &cru0.ru_stime, &systime);
+       } else {
+               timersub(&ru1.ru_utime, &ru0.ru_utime, &usrtime);
+               timeradd(&usrtime, &j_usrtime, &usrtime);
+               timersub(&ru1.ru_stime, &ru0.ru_stime, &systime);
+               timeradd(&systime, &j_systime, &systime);
+       }
+
+       if (!(tf & TF_NOREAL)) {
+               timersub(&tv1, &tv0, &tv1);
+               if (tf & TF_POSIX)
+                       p_time(shl_out, true, tv1.tv_sec, tv1.tv_usec,
+                           5, "real ", "\n");
+               else
+                       p_time(shl_out, false, tv1.tv_sec, tv1.tv_usec,
+                           5, null, " real ");
+       }
+       if (tf & TF_POSIX)
+               p_time(shl_out, true, usrtime.tv_sec, usrtime.tv_usec,
+                   5, "user ", "\n");
+       else
+               p_time(shl_out, false, usrtime.tv_sec, usrtime.tv_usec,
+                   5, null, " user ");
+       if (tf & TF_POSIX)
+               p_time(shl_out, true, systime.tv_sec, systime.tv_usec,
+                   5, "sys  ", "\n");
+       else
+               p_time(shl_out, false, systime.tv_sec, systime.tv_usec,
+                   5, null, " system\n");
+       shf_flush(shl_out);
+
+       return (rv);
+}
+
+void
+timex_hook(struct op *t, char **volatile *app)
+{
+       char **wp = *app;
+       int optc, i, j;
+       Getopt opt;
+
+       ksh_getopt_reset(&opt, 0);
+       /* start at the start */
+       opt.optind = 0;
+       while ((optc = ksh_getopt((const char **)wp, &opt, ":p")) != -1)
+               switch (optc) {
+               case 'p':
+                       t->str[0] |= TF_POSIX;
+                       break;
+               case '?':
+                       errorf("time: -%s %s", opt.optarg,
+                           "unknown option");
+               case ':':
+                       errorf("time: -%s %s", opt.optarg,
+                           "requires an argument");
+               }
+       /* Copy command words down over options. */
+       if (opt.optind != 0) {
+               for (i = 0; i < opt.optind; i++)
+                       afree(wp[i], ATEMP);
+               for (i = 0, j = opt.optind; (wp[i] = wp[j]); i++, j++)
+                       ;
+       }
+       if (!wp[0])
+               t->str[0] |= TF_NOARGS;
+       *app = wp;
+}
+
+/* exec with no args - args case is taken care of in comexec() */
+int
+c_exec(const char **wp MKSH_A_UNUSED)
+{
+       int i;
+
+       /* make sure redirects stay in place */
+       if (e->savefd != NULL) {
+               for (i = 0; i < NUFILE; i++) {
+                       if (e->savefd[i] > 0)
+                               close(e->savefd[i]);
+#ifndef MKSH_LEGACY_MODE
+                       /*
+                        * keep all file descriptors > 2 private for ksh,
+                        * but not for POSIX or legacy/kludge sh
+                        */
+                       if (!Flag(FPOSIX) && !Flag(FSH) && i > 2 &&
+                           e->savefd[i])
+                               fcntl(i, F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC);
+#endif
+               }
+               e->savefd = NULL;
+       }
+       return (0);
+}
+
+#if HAVE_MKNOD
+int
+c_mknod(const char **wp)
+{
+       int argc, optc, rv = 0;
+       bool ismkfifo = false;
+       const char **argv;
+       void *set = NULL;
+       mode_t mode = 0, oldmode = 0;
+
+       while ((optc = ksh_getopt(wp, &builtin_opt, "m:")) != -1) {
+               switch (optc) {
+               case 'm':
+                       set = setmode(builtin_opt.optarg);
+                       if (set == NULL) {
+                               bi_errorf("invalid file mode");
+                               return (1);
+                       }
+                       mode = getmode(set, (mode_t)(DEFFILEMODE));
+                       free_ossetmode(set);
+                       break;
+               default:
+                       goto c_mknod_usage;
+               }
+       }
+       argv = &wp[builtin_opt.optind];
+       if (argv[0] == NULL)
+               goto c_mknod_usage;
+       for (argc = 0; argv[argc]; argc++)
+               ;
+       if (argc == 2 && argv[1][0] == 'p')
+               ismkfifo = true;
+       else if (argc != 4 || (argv[1][0] != 'b' && argv[1][0] != 'c'))
+               goto c_mknod_usage;
+
+       if (set != NULL)
+               oldmode = umask((mode_t)0);
+       else
+               mode = DEFFILEMODE;
+
+       mode |= (argv[1][0] == 'b') ? S_IFBLK :
+           (argv[1][0] == 'c') ? S_IFCHR : 0;
+
+       if (!ismkfifo) {
+               unsigned long majnum, minnum;
+               dev_t dv;
+               char *c;
+
+               majnum = strtoul(argv[2], &c, 0);
+               if ((c == argv[2]) || (*c != '\0')) {
+                       bi_errorf("non-numeric %s %s '%s'", "device", "major", argv[2]);
+                       goto c_mknod_err;
+               }
+               minnum = strtoul(argv[3], &c, 0);
+               if ((c == argv[3]) || (*c != '\0')) {
+                       bi_errorf("non-numeric %s %s '%s'", "device", "minor", argv[3]);
+                       goto c_mknod_err;
+               }
+               dv = makedev(majnum, minnum);
+               if ((unsigned long)(major(dv)) != majnum) {
+                       bi_errorf("%s %s too large: %lu", "device", "major", majnum);
+                       goto c_mknod_err;
+               }
+               if ((unsigned long)(minor(dv)) != minnum) {
+                       bi_errorf("%s %s too large: %lu", "device", "minor", minnum);
+                       goto c_mknod_err;
+               }
+               if (mknod(argv[0], mode, dv))
+                       goto c_mknod_failed;
+       } else if (mkfifo(argv[0], mode)) {
+ c_mknod_failed:
+               bi_errorf("%s: %s", argv[0], cstrerror(errno));
+ c_mknod_err:
+               rv = 1;
+       }
+
+       if (set)
+               umask(oldmode);
+       return (rv);
+ c_mknod_usage:
+       bi_errorf("usage: mknod [-m mode] name %s", "b|c major minor");
+       bi_errorf("usage: mknod [-m mode] name %s", "p");
+       return (1);
+}
+#endif
+
+/*-
+   test(1) roughly accepts the following grammar:
+       oexpr   ::= aexpr | aexpr "-o" oexpr ;
+       aexpr   ::= nexpr | nexpr "-a" aexpr ;
+       nexpr   ::= primary | "!" nexpr ;
+       primary ::= unary-operator operand
+               | operand binary-operator operand
+               | operand
+               | "(" oexpr ")"
+               ;
+
+       unary-operator ::= "-a"|"-r"|"-w"|"-x"|"-e"|"-f"|"-d"|"-c"|"-b"|"-p"|
+                          "-u"|"-g"|"-k"|"-s"|"-t"|"-z"|"-n"|"-o"|"-O"|"-G"|
+                          "-L"|"-h"|"-S"|"-H";
+
+       binary-operator ::= "="|"=="|"!="|"-eq"|"-ne"|"-ge"|"-gt"|"-le"|"-lt"|
+                           "-nt"|"-ot"|"-ef"|
+                           "<"|">"     # rules used for [[ ... ]] expressions
+                           ;
+       operand ::= <anything>
+*/
+
+/* POSIX says > 1 for errors */
+#define T_ERR_EXIT 2
+
+int
+c_test(const char **wp)
+{
+       int argc, rv, invert = 0;
+       Test_env te;
+       Test_op op;
+       const char *lhs, **swp;
+
+       te.flags = 0;
+       te.isa = ptest_isa;
+       te.getopnd = ptest_getopnd;
+       te.eval = test_eval;
+       te.error = ptest_error;
+
+       for (argc = 0; wp[argc]; argc++)
+               ;
+
+       if (strcmp(wp[0], "[") == 0) {
+               if (strcmp(wp[--argc], "]") != 0) {
+                       bi_errorf("missing ]");
+                       return (T_ERR_EXIT);
+               }
+       }
+
+       te.pos.wp = wp + 1;
+       te.wp_end = wp + argc;
+
+       /*
+        * Attempt to conform to POSIX special cases. This is pretty
+        * dumb code straight-forward from the 2008 spec, but unlike
+        * the old pdksh code doesn't live from so many assumptions.
+        * It does, though, inline some calls to '(*te.funcname)()'.
+        */
+       switch (argc - 1) {
+       case 0:
+               return (1);
+       case 1:
+ ptest_one:
+               op = TO_STNZE;
+               goto ptest_unary;
+       case 2:
+ ptest_two:
+               if (ptest_isa(&te, TM_NOT)) {
+                       ++invert;
+                       goto ptest_one;
+               }
+               if ((op = ptest_isa(&te, TM_UNOP))) {
+ ptest_unary:
+                       rv = test_eval(&te, op, *te.pos.wp++, NULL, true);
+ ptest_out:
+                       if (te.flags & TEF_ERROR)
+                               return (T_ERR_EXIT);
+                       return ((invert & 1) ? rv : !rv);
+               }
+               /* let the parser deal with anything else */
+               break;
+       case 3:
+ ptest_three:
+               swp = te.pos.wp;
+               /* use inside knowledge of ptest_getopnd inlined below */
+               lhs = *te.pos.wp++;
+               if ((op = ptest_isa(&te, TM_BINOP))) {
+                       /* test lhs op rhs */
+                       rv = test_eval(&te, op, lhs, *te.pos.wp++, true);
+                       goto ptest_out;
+               }
+               /* back up to lhs */
+               te.pos.wp = swp;
+               if (ptest_isa(&te, TM_NOT)) {
+                       ++invert;
+                       goto ptest_two;
+               }
+               if (ptest_isa(&te, TM_OPAREN)) {
+                       swp = te.pos.wp;
+                       /* skip operand, without evaluation */
+                       te.pos.wp++;
+                       /* check for closing parenthesis */
+                       op = ptest_isa(&te, TM_CPAREN);
+                       /* back up to operand */
+                       te.pos.wp = swp;
+                       /* if there was a closing paren, handle it */
+                       if (op)
+                               goto ptest_one;
+                       /* backing up is done before calling the parser */
+               }
+               /* let the parser deal with it */
+               break;
+       case 4:
+               if (ptest_isa(&te, TM_NOT)) {
+                       ++invert;
+                       goto ptest_three;
+               }
+               if (ptest_isa(&te, TM_OPAREN)) {
+                       swp = te.pos.wp;
+                       /* skip two operands, without evaluation */
+                       te.pos.wp++;
+                       te.pos.wp++;
+                       /* check for closing parenthesis */
+                       op = ptest_isa(&te, TM_CPAREN);
+                       /* back up to first operand */
+                       te.pos.wp = swp;
+                       /* if there was a closing paren, handle it */
+                       if (op)
+                               goto ptest_two;
+                       /* backing up is done before calling the parser */
+               }
+               /* defer this to the parser */
+               break;
+       }
+
+       /* "The results are unspecified." */
+       te.pos.wp = wp + 1;
+       return (test_parse(&te));
+}
+
+/*
+ * Generic test routines.
+ */
+
+Test_op
+test_isop(Test_meta meta, const char *s)
+{
+       char sc1;
+       const struct t_op *tbl;
+
+       tbl = meta == TM_UNOP ? u_ops : b_ops;
+       if (*s) {
+               sc1 = s[1];
+               for (; tbl->op_text[0]; tbl++)
+                       if (sc1 == tbl->op_text[1] && !strcmp(s, tbl->op_text))
+                               return (tbl->op_num);
+       }
+       return (TO_NONOP);
+}
+
+int
+test_eval(Test_env *te, Test_op op, const char *opnd1, const char *opnd2,
+    bool do_eval)
+{
+       int i, s;
+       size_t k;
+       struct stat b1, b2;
+       mksh_ari_t v1, v2;
+
+       if (!do_eval)
+               return (0);
+
+#ifdef DEBUG
+       switch (op) {
+       /* Binary operators */
+       case TO_STEQL:
+       case TO_STNEQ:
+       case TO_STLT:
+       case TO_STGT:
+       case TO_INTEQ:
+       case TO_INTNE:
+       case TO_INTGT:
+       case TO_INTGE:
+       case TO_INTLT:
+       case TO_INTLE:
+       case TO_FILEQ:
+       case TO_FILNT:
+       case TO_FILOT:
+               /* consistency check, but does not happen in practice */
+               if (!opnd2) {
+                       te->flags |= TEF_ERROR;
+                       return (1);
+               }
+               break;
+       default:
+               /* for completeness of switch */
+               break;
+       }
+#endif
+
+       switch (op) {
+
+       /*
+        * Unary Operators
+        */
+
+       /* -n */
+       case TO_STNZE:
+               return (*opnd1 != '\0');
+
+       /* -z */
+       case TO_STZER:
+               return (*opnd1 == '\0');
+
+       /* -o */
+       case TO_OPTION:
+               if ((i = *opnd1) == '!' || i == '?')
+                       opnd1++;
+               if ((k = option(opnd1)) == (size_t)-1)
+                       return (0);
+               return (i == '?' ? 1 : i == '!' ? !Flag(k) : Flag(k));
+
+       /* -r */
+       case TO_FILRD:
+               /* LINTED use of access */
+               return (access(opnd1, R_OK) == 0);
+
+       /* -w */
+       case TO_FILWR:
+               /* LINTED use of access */
+               return (access(opnd1, W_OK) == 0);
+
+       /* -x */
+       case TO_FILEX:
+               return (ksh_access(opnd1, X_OK) == 0);
+
+       /* -a */
+       case TO_FILAXST:
+       /* -e */
+       case TO_FILEXST:
+               return (stat(opnd1, &b1) == 0);
+
+       /* -r */
+       case TO_FILREG:
+               return (stat(opnd1, &b1) == 0 && S_ISREG(b1.st_mode));
+
+       /* -d */
+       case TO_FILID:
+               return (stat(opnd1, &b1) == 0 && S_ISDIR(b1.st_mode));
+
+       /* -c */
+       case TO_FILCDEV:
+               return (stat(opnd1, &b1) == 0 && S_ISCHR(b1.st_mode));
+
+       /* -b */
+       case TO_FILBDEV:
+               return (stat(opnd1, &b1) == 0 && S_ISBLK(b1.st_mode));
+
+       /* -p */
+       case TO_FILFIFO:
+               return (stat(opnd1, &b1) == 0 && S_ISFIFO(b1.st_mode));
+
+       /* -h or -L */
+       case TO_FILSYM:
+#ifdef MKSH__NO_SYMLINK
+               return (0);
+#else
+               return (lstat(opnd1, &b1) == 0 && S_ISLNK(b1.st_mode));
+#endif
+
+       /* -S */
+       case TO_FILSOCK:
+               return (stat(opnd1, &b1) == 0 && S_ISSOCK(b1.st_mode));
+
+       /* -H => HP context dependent files (directories) */
+       case TO_FILCDF:
+#ifdef S_ISCDF
+       {
+               char *nv;
+
+               /*
+                * Append a + to filename and check to see if result is
+                * a setuid directory. CDF stuff in general is hookey,
+                * since it breaks for, e.g., the following sequence:
+                * echo hi >foo+; mkdir foo; echo bye >foo/default;
+                * chmod u+s foo (foo+ refers to the file with hi in it,
+                * there is no way to get at the file with bye in it;
+                * please correct me if I'm wrong about this).
+                */
+
+               nv = shf_smprintf("%s+", opnd1);
+               i = (stat(nv, &b1) == 0 && S_ISCDF(b1.st_mode));
+               afree(nv, ATEMP);
+               return (i);
+       }
+#else
+               return (0);
+#endif
+
+       /* -u */
+       case TO_FILSETU:
+               return (stat(opnd1, &b1) == 0 &&
+                   (b1.st_mode & S_ISUID) == S_ISUID);
+
+       /* -g */
+       case TO_FILSETG:
+               return (stat(opnd1, &b1) == 0 &&
+                   (b1.st_mode & S_ISGID) == S_ISGID);
+
+       /* -k */
+       case TO_FILSTCK:
+#ifdef S_ISVTX
+               return (stat(opnd1, &b1) == 0 &&
+                   (b1.st_mode & S_ISVTX) == S_ISVTX);
+#else
+               return (0);
+#endif
+
+       /* -s */
+       case TO_FILGZ:
+               return (stat(opnd1, &b1) == 0 && (off_t)b1.st_size > (off_t)0);
+
+       /* -t */
+       case TO_FILTT:
+               if (opnd1 && !bi_getn(opnd1, &i)) {
+                       te->flags |= TEF_ERROR;
+                       i = 0;
+               } else
+                       i = isatty(opnd1 ? i : 0);
+               return (i);
+
+       /* -O */
+       case TO_FILUID:
+               return (stat(opnd1, &b1) == 0 && (uid_t)b1.st_uid == ksheuid);
+
+       /* -G */
+       case TO_FILGID:
+               return (stat(opnd1, &b1) == 0 && (gid_t)b1.st_gid == getegid());
+
+       /*
+        * Binary Operators
+        */
+
+       /* = */
+       case TO_STEQL:
+               if (te->flags & TEF_DBRACKET)
+                       return (gmatchx(opnd1, opnd2, false));
+               return (strcmp(opnd1, opnd2) == 0);
+
+       /* != */
+       case TO_STNEQ:
+               if (te->flags & TEF_DBRACKET)
+                       return (!gmatchx(opnd1, opnd2, false));
+               return (strcmp(opnd1, opnd2) != 0);
+
+       /* < */
+       case TO_STLT:
+               return (strcmp(opnd1, opnd2) < 0);
+
+       /* > */
+       case TO_STGT:
+               return (strcmp(opnd1, opnd2) > 0);
+
+       /* -eq */
+       case TO_INTEQ:
+       /* -ne */
+       case TO_INTNE:
+       /* -ge */
+       case TO_INTGE:
+       /* -gt */
+       case TO_INTGT:
+       /* -le */
+       case TO_INTLE:
+       /* -lt */
+       case TO_INTLT:
+               if (!evaluate(opnd1, &v1, KSH_RETURN_ERROR, false) ||
+                   !evaluate(opnd2, &v2, KSH_RETURN_ERROR, false)) {
+                       /* error already printed.. */
+                       te->flags |= TEF_ERROR;
+                       return (1);
+               }
+               switch (op) {
+               case TO_INTEQ:
+                       return (v1 == v2);
+               case TO_INTNE:
+                       return (v1 != v2);
+               case TO_INTGE:
+                       return (v1 >= v2);
+               case TO_INTGT:
+                       return (v1 > v2);
+               case TO_INTLE:
+                       return (v1 <= v2);
+               case TO_INTLT:
+                       return (v1 < v2);
+               default:
+                       /* NOTREACHED */
+                       break;
+               }
+               /* NOTREACHED */
+
+       /* -nt */
+       case TO_FILNT:
+               /*
+                * ksh88/ksh93 succeed if file2 can't be stated
+                * (subtly different from 'does not exist').
+                */
+               return (stat(opnd1, &b1) == 0 &&
+                   (((s = stat(opnd2, &b2)) == 0 &&
+                   b1.st_mtime > b2.st_mtime) || s < 0));
+
+       /* -ot */
+       case TO_FILOT:
+               /*
+                * ksh88/ksh93 succeed if file1 can't be stated
+                * (subtly different from 'does not exist').
+                */
+               return (stat(opnd2, &b2) == 0 &&
+                   (((s = stat(opnd1, &b1)) == 0 &&
+                   b1.st_mtime < b2.st_mtime) || s < 0));
+
+       /* -ef */
+       case TO_FILEQ:
+               return (stat (opnd1, &b1) == 0 && stat (opnd2, &b2) == 0 &&
+                   b1.st_dev == b2.st_dev && b1.st_ino == b2.st_ino);
+
+       /* all other cases */
+       case TO_NONOP:
+       case TO_NONNULL:
+               /* throw the error */
+               break;
+       }
+       (*te->error)(te, 0, "internal error: unknown op");
+       return (1);
+}
+
+int
+test_parse(Test_env *te)
+{
+       int rv;
+
+       rv = test_oexpr(te, 1);
+
+       if (!(te->flags & TEF_ERROR) && !(*te->isa)(te, TM_END))
+               (*te->error)(te, 0, "unexpected operator/operand");
+
+       return ((te->flags & TEF_ERROR) ? T_ERR_EXIT : !rv);
+}
+
+static int
+test_oexpr(Test_env *te, bool do_eval)
+{
+       int rv;
+
+       if ((rv = test_aexpr(te, do_eval)))
+               do_eval = false;
+       if (!(te->flags & TEF_ERROR) && (*te->isa)(te, TM_OR))
+               return (test_oexpr(te, do_eval) || rv);
+       return (rv);
+}
+
+static int
+test_aexpr(Test_env *te, bool do_eval)
+{
+       int rv;
+
+       if (!(rv = test_nexpr(te, do_eval)))
+               do_eval = false;
+       if (!(te->flags & TEF_ERROR) && (*te->isa)(te, TM_AND))
+               return (test_aexpr(te, do_eval) && rv);
+       return (rv);
+}
+
+static int
+test_nexpr(Test_env *te, bool do_eval)
+{
+       if (!(te->flags & TEF_ERROR) && (*te->isa)(te, TM_NOT))
+               return (!test_nexpr(te, do_eval));
+       return (test_primary(te, do_eval));
+}
+
+static int
+test_primary(Test_env *te, bool do_eval)
+{
+       const char *opnd1, *opnd2;
+       int rv;
+       Test_op op;
+
+       if (te->flags & TEF_ERROR)
+               return (0);
+       if ((*te->isa)(te, TM_OPAREN)) {
+               rv = test_oexpr(te, do_eval);
+               if (te->flags & TEF_ERROR)
+                       return (0);
+               if (!(*te->isa)(te, TM_CPAREN)) {
+                       (*te->error)(te, 0, "missing )");
+                       return (0);
+               }
+               return (rv);
+       }
+       /*
+        * Binary should have precedence over unary in this case
+        * so that something like test \( -f = -f \) is accepted
+        */
+       if ((te->flags & TEF_DBRACKET) || (&te->pos.wp[1] < te->wp_end &&
+           !test_isop(TM_BINOP, te->pos.wp[1]))) {
+               if ((op = (*te->isa)(te, TM_UNOP))) {
+                       /* unary expression */
+                       opnd1 = (*te->getopnd)(te, op, do_eval);
+                       if (!opnd1) {
+                               (*te->error)(te, -1, "missing argument");
+                               return (0);
+                       }
+
+                       return ((*te->eval)(te, op, opnd1, NULL, do_eval));
+               }
+       }
+       opnd1 = (*te->getopnd)(te, TO_NONOP, do_eval);
+       if (!opnd1) {
+               (*te->error)(te, 0, "expression expected");
+               return (0);
+       }
+       if ((op = (*te->isa)(te, TM_BINOP))) {
+               /* binary expression */
+               opnd2 = (*te->getopnd)(te, op, do_eval);
+               if (!opnd2) {
+                       (*te->error)(te, -1, "missing second argument");
+                       return (0);
+               }
+
+               return ((*te->eval)(te, op, opnd1, opnd2, do_eval));
+       }
+       return ((*te->eval)(te, TO_STNZE, opnd1, NULL, do_eval));
+}
+
+/*
+ * Plain test (test and [ .. ]) specific routines.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * Test if the current token is a whatever. Accepts the current token if
+ * it is. Returns 0 if it is not, non-zero if it is (in the case of
+ * TM_UNOP and TM_BINOP, the returned value is a Test_op).
+ */
+static Test_op
+ptest_isa(Test_env *te, Test_meta meta)
+{
+       /* Order important - indexed by Test_meta values */
+       static const char * const tokens[] = {
+               "-o", "-a", "!", "(", ")"
+       };
+       Test_op rv;
+
+       if (te->pos.wp >= te->wp_end)
+               return (meta == TM_END ? TO_NONNULL : TO_NONOP);
+
+       if (meta == TM_UNOP || meta == TM_BINOP)
+               rv = test_isop(meta, *te->pos.wp);
+       else if (meta == TM_END)
+               rv = TO_NONOP;
+       else
+               rv = !strcmp(*te->pos.wp, tokens[(int)meta]) ?
+                   TO_NONNULL : TO_NONOP;
+
+       /* Accept the token? */
+       if (rv != TO_NONOP)
+               te->pos.wp++;
+
+       return (rv);
+}
+
+static const char *
+ptest_getopnd(Test_env *te, Test_op op, bool do_eval MKSH_A_UNUSED)
+{
+       if (te->pos.wp >= te->wp_end)
+               return (op == TO_FILTT ? "1" : NULL);
+       return (*te->pos.wp++);
+}
+
+static void
+ptest_error(Test_env *te, int ofs, const char *msg)
+{
+       const char *op;
+
+       te->flags |= TEF_ERROR;
+       if ((op = te->pos.wp + ofs >= te->wp_end ? NULL : te->pos.wp[ofs]))
+               bi_errorf("%s: %s", op, msg);
+       else
+               bi_errorf("%s", msg);
+}
+
+#ifndef MKSH_NO_LIMITS
+#define SOFT   0x1
+#define HARD   0x2
+
+/* Magic to divine the 'm' and 'v' limits */
+
+#ifdef RLIMIT_AS
+#if !defined(RLIMIT_VMEM) || (RLIMIT_VMEM == RLIMIT_AS) || \
+    !defined(RLIMIT_RSS) || (RLIMIT_VMEM == RLIMIT_RSS)
+#define ULIMIT_V_IS_AS
+#elif defined(RLIMIT_VMEM)
+#if !defined(RLIMIT_RSS) || (RLIMIT_RSS == RLIMIT_AS)
+#define ULIMIT_V_IS_AS
+#else
+#define ULIMIT_V_IS_VMEM
+#endif
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#ifdef RLIMIT_RSS
+#ifdef ULIMIT_V_IS_VMEM
+#define ULIMIT_M_IS_RSS
+#elif defined(RLIMIT_VMEM) && (RLIMIT_VMEM == RLIMIT_RSS)
+#define ULIMIT_M_IS_VMEM
+#else
+#define ULIMIT_M_IS_RSS
+#endif
+#if defined(ULIMIT_M_IS_RSS) && defined(RLIMIT_AS) && (RLIMIT_RSS == RLIMIT_AS)
+#undef ULIMIT_M_IS_RSS
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(RLIMIT_AS) && !defined(ULIMIT_M_IS_VMEM) && defined(RLIMIT_VMEM)
+#define ULIMIT_V_IS_VMEM
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(ULIMIT_V_IS_VMEM) && defined(RLIMIT_VMEM) && \
+    (!defined(RLIMIT_RSS) || (defined(RLIMIT_AS) && (RLIMIT_RSS == RLIMIT_AS)))
+#define ULIMIT_M_IS_VMEM
+#endif
+
+#if defined(ULIMIT_M_IS_VMEM) && defined(RLIMIT_AS) && \
+    (RLIMIT_VMEM == RLIMIT_AS)
+#undef ULIMIT_M_IS_VMEM
+#endif
+
+#if defined(ULIMIT_M_IS_RSS) && defined(ULIMIT_M_IS_VMEM)
+# error nonsensical m ulimit
+#endif
+
+#if defined(ULIMIT_V_IS_VMEM) && defined(ULIMIT_V_IS_AS)
+# error nonsensical v ulimit
+#endif
+
+struct limits {
+       /* limit resource */
+       int resource;
+       /* multiply by to get rlim_{cur,max} values */
+       unsigned int factor;
+       /* getopts char */
+       char optchar;
+       /* limit name */
+       char name[1];
+};
+
+#define RLIMITS_DEFNS
+#define FN(lname,lid,lfac,lopt)                                \
+       static const struct {                           \
+               int resource;                           \
+               unsigned int factor;                    \
+               char optchar;                           \
+               char name[sizeof(lname)];               \
+       } rlimits_ ## lid = {                           \
+               lid, lfac, lopt, lname                  \
+       };
+#include "rlimits.gen"
+
+static void print_ulimit(const struct limits *, int);
+static int set_ulimit(const struct limits *, const char *, int);
+
+static const struct limits * const rlimits[] = {
+#define RLIMITS_ITEMS
+#include "rlimits.gen"
+};
+
+static const char rlimits_opts[] =
+#define RLIMITS_OPTCS
+#include "rlimits.gen"
+    ;
+
+int
+c_ulimit(const char **wp)
+{
+       size_t i = 0;
+       int how = SOFT | HARD, optc, what = 'f';
+       bool all = false;
+
+       while ((optc = ksh_getopt(wp, &builtin_opt, rlimits_opts)) != -1)
+               switch (optc) {
+               case 'H':
+                       how = HARD;
+                       break;
+               case 'S':
+                       how = SOFT;
+                       break;
+               case 'a':
+                       all = true;
+                       break;
+               case '?':
+                       bi_errorf("usage: ulimit [-%s] [value]", rlimits_opts);
+                       return (1);
+               default:
+                       what = optc;
+               }
+
+       while (i < NELEM(rlimits)) {
+               if (rlimits[i]->optchar == what)
+                       goto found;
+               ++i;
+       }
+       internal_warningf("ulimit: %c", what);
+       return (1);
+ found:
+       if (wp[builtin_opt.optind]) {
+               if (all || wp[builtin_opt.optind + 1]) {
+                       bi_errorf("too many arguments");
+                       return (1);
+               }
+               return (set_ulimit(rlimits[i], wp[builtin_opt.optind], how));
+       }
+       if (!all)
+               print_ulimit(rlimits[i], how);
+       else for (i = 0; i < NELEM(rlimits); ++i) {
+               shprintf("%-20s ", rlimits[i]->name);
+               print_ulimit(rlimits[i], how);
+       }
+       return (0);
+}
+
+static int
+set_ulimit(const struct limits *l, const char *v, int how)
+{
+       rlim_t val = (rlim_t)0;
+       struct rlimit limit;
+
+       if (strcmp(v, "unlimited") == 0)
+               val = (rlim_t)RLIM_INFINITY;
+       else {
+               mksh_uari_t rval;
+
+               if (!evaluate(v, (mksh_ari_t *)&rval, KSH_RETURN_ERROR, false))
+                       return (1);
+               /*
+                * Avoid problems caused by typos that evaluate misses due
+                * to evaluating unset parameters to 0...
+                * If this causes problems, will have to add parameter to
+                * evaluate() to control if unset params are 0 or an error.
+                */
+               if (!rval && !ksh_isdigit(v[0])) {
+                       bi_errorf("invalid %s limit: %s", l->name, v);
+                       return (1);
+               }
+               val = (rlim_t)((rlim_t)rval * l->factor);
+       }
+
+       if (getrlimit(l->resource, &limit) < 0) {
+#ifndef MKSH_SMALL
+               bi_errorf("limit %s could not be read, contact the mksh developers: %s",
+                   l->name, cstrerror(errno));
+#endif
+               /* some can't be read */
+               limit.rlim_cur = RLIM_INFINITY;
+               limit.rlim_max = RLIM_INFINITY;
+       }
+       if (how & SOFT)
+               limit.rlim_cur = val;
+       if (how & HARD)
+               limit.rlim_max = val;
+       if (!setrlimit(l->resource, &limit))
+               return (0);
+       if (errno == EPERM)
+               bi_errorf("%s exceeds allowable %s limit", v, l->name);
+       else
+               bi_errorf("bad %s limit: %s", l->name, cstrerror(errno));
+       return (1);
+}
+
+static void
+print_ulimit(const struct limits *l, int how)
+{
+       rlim_t val = (rlim_t)0;
+       struct rlimit limit;
+
+       if (getrlimit(l->resource, &limit)) {
+               shf_puts("unknown\n", shl_stdout);
+               return;
+       }
+       if (how & SOFT)
+               val = limit.rlim_cur;
+       else if (how & HARD)
+               val = limit.rlim_max;
+       if (val == (rlim_t)RLIM_INFINITY)
+               shf_puts("unlimited\n", shl_stdout);
+       else
+               shprintf("%lu\n", (unsigned long)(val / l->factor));
+}
+#endif
+
+int
+c_rename(const char **wp)
+{
+       int rv = 1;
+
+       /* skip argv[0] */
+       ++wp;
+       if (wp[0] && !strcmp(wp[0], "--"))
+               /* skip "--" (options separator) */
+               ++wp;
+
+       /* check for exactly two arguments */
+       if (wp[0] == NULL       /* first argument */ ||
+           wp[1] == NULL       /* second argument */ ||
+           wp[2] != NULL       /* no further args please */)
+               bi_errorf(Tsynerr);
+       else if ((rv = rename(wp[0], wp[1])) != 0) {
+               rv = errno;
+               bi_errorf("%s: %s", "failed", cstrerror(rv));
+       }
+
+       return (rv);
+}
+
+int
+c_realpath(const char **wp)
+{
+       int rv = 1;
+       char *buf;
+
+       /* skip argv[0] */
+       ++wp;
+       if (wp[0] && !strcmp(wp[0], "--"))
+               /* skip "--" (options separator) */
+               ++wp;
+
+       /* check for exactly one argument */
+       if (wp[0] == NULL || wp[1] != NULL)
+               bi_errorf(Tsynerr);
+       else if ((buf = do_realpath(wp[0])) == NULL) {
+               rv = errno;
+               bi_errorf("%s: %s", wp[0], cstrerror(rv));
+               if ((unsigned int)rv > 255)
+                       rv = 255;
+       } else {
+               shprintf("%s\n", buf);
+               afree(buf, ATEMP);
+               rv = 0;
+       }
+
+       return (rv);
+}
+
+int
+c_cat(const char **wp)
+{
+       int fd = STDIN_FILENO, rv;
+       ssize_t n, w;
+       const char *fn = "<stdin>";
+       char *buf, *cp;
+       int opipe = 0;
+#define MKSH_CAT_BUFSIZ 4096
+
+       /* parse options: POSIX demands we support "-u" as no-op */
+       while ((rv = ksh_getopt(wp, &builtin_opt, "u")) != -1) {
+               switch (rv) {
+               case 'u':
+                       /* we already operate unbuffered */
+                       break;
+               default:
+                       bi_errorf(Tsynerr);
+                       return (1);
+               }
+       }
+       wp += builtin_opt.optind;
+       rv = 0;
+
+       if ((buf = malloc_osfunc(MKSH_CAT_BUFSIZ)) == NULL) {
+               bi_errorf(Toomem, (size_t)MKSH_CAT_BUFSIZ);
+               return (1);
+       }
+
+       /* catch SIGPIPE */
+       opipe = block_pipe();
+
+       do {
+               if (*wp) {
+                       fn = *wp++;
+                       if (ksh_isdash(fn))
+                               fd = STDIN_FILENO;
+                       else if ((fd = binopen2(fn, O_RDONLY)) < 0) {
+                               bi_errorf("%s: %s", fn, cstrerror(errno));
+                               rv = 1;
+                               continue;
+                       }
+               }
+               while (/* CONSTCOND */ 1) {
+                       if ((n = blocking_read(fd, (cp = buf),
+                           MKSH_CAT_BUFSIZ)) == -1) {
+                               if (errno == EINTR) {
+                                       restore_pipe(opipe);
+                                       /* give the user a chance to ^C out */
+                                       intrcheck();
+                                       /* interrupted, try again */
+                                       opipe = block_pipe();
+                                       continue;
+                               }
+                               /* an error occured during reading */
+                               bi_errorf("%s: %s", fn, cstrerror(errno));
+                               rv = 1;
+                               break;
+                       } else if (n == 0)
+                               /* end of file reached */
+                               break;
+                       while (n) {
+                               if ((w = write(STDOUT_FILENO, cp, n)) != -1) {
+                                       n -= w;
+                                       cp += w;
+                                       continue;
+                               }
+                               if (errno == EINTR) {
+                                       restore_pipe(opipe);
+                                       /* give the user a chance to ^C out */
+                                       intrcheck();
+                                       /* interrupted, try again */
+                                       opipe = block_pipe();
+                                       continue;
+                               }
+                               if (errno == EPIPE) {
+                                       /* fake receiving signel */
+                                       rv = ksh_sigmask(SIGPIPE);
+                               } else {
+                                       /* an error occured during writing */
+                                       bi_errorf("%s: %s", "<stdout>",
+                                           cstrerror(errno));
+                                       rv = 1;
+                               }
+                               if (fd != STDIN_FILENO)
+                                       close(fd);
+                               goto out;
+                       }
+               }
+               if (fd != STDIN_FILENO)
+                       close(fd);
+       } while (*wp);
+
+ out:
+       restore_pipe(opipe);
+       free_osfunc(buf);
+       return (rv);
+}
+
+#if HAVE_SELECT
+int
+c_sleep(const char **wp)
+{
+       struct timeval tv;
+       int rv = 1;
+
+       /* skip argv[0] */
+       ++wp;
+       if (wp[0] && !strcmp(wp[0], "--"))
+               /* skip "--" (options separator) */
+               ++wp;
+
+       if (!wp[0] || wp[1])
+               bi_errorf(Tsynerr);
+       else if (parse_usec(wp[0], &tv))
+               bi_errorf("%s: %s '%s'", Tsynerr, cstrerror(errno), wp[0]);
+       else {
+#ifndef MKSH_NOPROSPECTOFWORK
+               sigset_t omask, bmask;
+
+               /* block a number of signals from interrupting us, though */
+               (void)sigemptyset(&bmask);
+               (void)sigaddset(&bmask, SIGPIPE);
+               (void)sigaddset(&bmask, SIGCHLD);
+#ifdef SIGWINCH
+               (void)sigaddset(&bmask, SIGWINCH);
+#endif
+#ifdef SIGINFO
+               (void)sigaddset(&bmask, SIGINFO);
+#endif
+#ifdef SIGUSR1
+               (void)sigaddset(&bmask, SIGUSR1);
+#endif
+#ifdef SIGUSR2
+               (void)sigaddset(&bmask, SIGUSR2);
+#endif
+               sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &bmask, &omask);
+#endif
+               if (select(1, NULL, NULL, NULL, &tv) == 0 || errno == EINTR)
+                       /*
+                        * strictly speaking only for SIGALRM, but the
+                        * execution may be interrupted by other signals
+                        */
+                       rv = 0;
+               else
+                       bi_errorf("%s: %s", Tselect, cstrerror(errno));
+#ifndef MKSH_NOPROSPECTOFWORK
+               /* this will re-schedule signal delivery */
+               sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &omask, NULL);
+#endif
+       }
+       return (rv);
+}
+#endif
+
+#if !defined(MKSH_UNEMPLOYED) && HAVE_GETSID
+static int
+c_suspend(const char **wp)
+{
+       if (wp[1] != NULL) {
+               bi_errorf("too many arguments");
+               return (1);
+       }
+       if (Flag(FLOGIN)) {
+               /* Can't suspend an orphaned process group. */
+               if (getpgid(kshppid) == getpgid(0) ||
+                   getsid(kshppid) != getsid(0)) {
+                       bi_errorf("can't suspend a login shell");
+                       return (1);
+               }
+       }
+       j_suspend();
+       return (0);
+}
+#endif
diff --git a/source/sh/histrap.c b/source/sh/histrap.c
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..9dbb2c1
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,1593 @@
+/*     $OpenBSD: history.c,v 1.41 2015/09/01 13:12:31 tedu Exp $       */
+/*     $OpenBSD: trap.c,v 1.23 2010/05/19 17:36:08 jasper Exp $        */
+
+/*-
+ * Copyright (c) 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010,
+ *              2011, 2012, 2014, 2015, 2016
+ *     mirabilos <m@mirbsd.org>
+ *
+ * Provided that these terms and disclaimer and all copyright notices
+ * are retained or reproduced in an accompanying document, permission
+ * is granted to deal in this work without restriction, including un-
+ * limited rights to use, publicly perform, distribute, sell, modify,
+ * merge, give away, or sublicence.
+ *
+ * This work is provided "AS IS" and WITHOUT WARRANTY of any kind, to
+ * the utmost extent permitted by applicable law, neither express nor
+ * implied; without malicious intent or gross negligence. In no event
+ * may a licensor, author or contributor be held liable for indirect,
+ * direct, other damage, loss, or other issues arising in any way out
+ * of dealing in the work, even if advised of the possibility of such
+ * damage or existence of a defect, except proven that it results out
+ * of said person's immediate fault when using the work as intended.
+ */
+
+#include "sh.h"
+#if HAVE_SYS_FILE_H
+#include <sys/file.h>
+#endif
+
+__RCSID("$MirOS: src/bin/mksh/histrap.c,v 1.156 2016/03/04 14:26:13 tg Exp $");
+
+Trap sigtraps[ksh_NSIG + 1];
+static struct sigaction Sigact_ign;
+
+#if HAVE_PERSISTENT_HISTORY
+static int histload(Source *, unsigned char *, size_t);
+static int writehistline(int, int, const char *);
+static void writehistfile(int, const char *);
+#endif
+
+static int hist_execute(char *, Area *);
+static char **hist_get(const char *, bool, bool);
+static char **hist_get_oldest(void);
+
+static bool hstarted;          /* set after hist_init() called */
+static Source *hist_source;
+
+#if HAVE_PERSISTENT_HISTORY
+/*XXX imake style */
+#if defined(__linux)
+#define caddr_cast(x)  ((void *)(x))
+#else
+#define caddr_cast(x)  ((caddr_t)(x))
+#endif
+
+/* several OEs do not have these constants */
+#ifndef MAP_FAILED
+#define MAP_FAILED     caddr_cast(-1)
+#endif
+
+/* some OEs need the default mapping type specified */
+#ifndef MAP_FILE
+#define MAP_FILE       0
+#endif
+
+/* current history file: name, fd, size */
+static char *hname;
+static int histfd = -1;
+static off_t histfsize;
+#endif
+
+static const char Tnot_in_history[] = "not in history";
+#define Thistory (Tnot_in_history + 7)
+
+static const char TFCEDIT_dollaru[] = "${FCEDIT:-/bin/ed} $_";
+#define Tspdollaru (TFCEDIT_dollaru + 18)
+
+/* HISTSIZE default: size of saved history, persistent or standard */
+#ifdef MKSH_SMALL
+#define MKSH_DEFHISTSIZE       255
+#else
+#define MKSH_DEFHISTSIZE       2047
+#endif
+/* maximum considered size of persistent history file */
+#define MKSH_MAXHISTFSIZE      ((off_t)1048576 * 96)
+
+/* hidden option */
+#define HIST_DISCARD           5
+
+int
+c_fc(const char **wp)
+{
+       struct shf *shf;
+       struct temp *tf;
+       bool gflag = false, lflag = false, nflag = false, rflag = false,
+           sflag = false;
+       int optc;
+       const char *p, *first = NULL, *last = NULL;
+       char **hfirst, **hlast, **hp, *editor = NULL;
+
+       if (!Flag(FTALKING_I)) {
+               bi_errorf("history %ss not available", Tfunction);
+               return (1);
+       }
+
+       while ((optc = ksh_getopt(wp, &builtin_opt,
+           "e:glnrs0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,")) != -1)
+               switch (optc) {
+
+               case 'e':
+                       p = builtin_opt.optarg;
+                       if (ksh_isdash(p))
+                               sflag = true;
+                       else {
+                               size_t len = strlen(p);
+
+                               /* almost certainly not overflowing */
+                               editor = alloc(len + 4, ATEMP);
+                               memcpy(editor, p, len);
+                               memcpy(editor + len, Tspdollaru, 4);
+                       }
+                       break;
+
+               /* non-AT&T ksh */
+               case 'g':
+                       gflag = true;
+                       break;
+
+               case 'l':
+                       lflag = true;
+                       break;
+
+               case 'n':
+                       nflag = true;
+                       break;
+
+               case 'r':
+                       rflag = true;
+                       break;
+
+               /* POSIX version of -e - */
+               case 's':
+                       sflag = true;
+                       break;
+
+               /* kludge city - accept -num as -- -num (kind of) */
+               case '0': case '1': case '2': case '3': case '4':
+               case '5': case '6': case '7': case '8': case '9':
+                       p = shf_smprintf("-%c%s",
+                                       optc, builtin_opt.optarg);
+                       if (!first)
+                               first = p;
+                       else if (!last)
+                               last = p;
+                       else {
+                               bi_errorf("too many arguments");
+                               return (1);
+                       }
+                       break;
+
+               case '?':
+                       return (1);
+               }
+       wp += builtin_opt.optind;
+
+       /* Substitute and execute command */
+       if (sflag) {
+               char *pat = NULL, *rep = NULL, *line;
+
+               if (editor || lflag || nflag || rflag) {
+                       bi_errorf("can't use -e, -l, -n, -r with -s (-e -)");
+                       return (1);
+               }
+
+               /* Check for pattern replacement argument */
+               if (*wp && **wp && (p = cstrchr(*wp + 1, '='))) {
+                       strdupx(pat, *wp, ATEMP);
+                       rep = pat + (p - *wp);
+                       *rep++ = '\0';
+                       wp++;
+               }
+               /* Check for search prefix */
+               if (!first && (first = *wp))
+                       wp++;
+               if (last || *wp) {
+                       bi_errorf("too many arguments");
+                       return (1);
+               }
+
+               hp = first ? hist_get(first, false, false) :
+                   hist_get_newest(false);
+               if (!hp)
+                       return (1);
+               /* hist_replace */
+               if (!pat)
+                       strdupx(line, *hp, ATEMP);
+               else {
+                       char *s, *s1;
+                       size_t len, pat_len, rep_len;
+                       XString xs;
+                       char *xp;
+                       bool any_subst = false;
+
+                       pat_len = strlen(pat);
+                       rep_len = strlen(rep);
+                       Xinit(xs, xp, 128, ATEMP);
+                       for (s = *hp; (s1 = strstr(s, pat)) &&
+                           (!any_subst || gflag); s = s1 + pat_len) {
+                               any_subst = true;
+                               len = s1 - s;
+                               XcheckN(xs, xp, len + rep_len);
+                               /*; first part */
+                               memcpy(xp, s, len);
+                               xp += len;
+                               /* replacement */
+                               memcpy(xp, rep, rep_len);
+                               xp += rep_len;
+                       }
+                       if (!any_subst) {
+                               bi_errorf(Tbadsubst);
+                               return (1);
+                       }
+                       len = strlen(s) + 1;
+                       XcheckN(xs, xp, len);
+                       memcpy(xp, s, len);
+                       xp += len;
+                       line = Xclose(xs, xp);
+               }
+               return (hist_execute(line, ATEMP));
+       }
+
+       if (editor && (lflag || nflag)) {
+               bi_errorf("can't use -l, -n with -e");
+               return (1);
+       }
+
+       if (!first && (first = *wp))
+               wp++;
+       if (!last && (last = *wp))
+               wp++;
+       if (*wp) {
+               bi_errorf("too many arguments");
+               return (1);
+       }
+       if (!first) {
+               hfirst = lflag ? hist_get("-16", true, true) :
+                   hist_get_newest(false);
+               if (!hfirst)
+                       return (1);
+               /* can't fail if hfirst didn't fail */
+               hlast = hist_get_newest(false);
+       } else {
+               /*
+                * POSIX says not an error if first/last out of bounds
+                * when range is specified; AT&T ksh and pdksh allow out
+                * of bounds for -l as well.
+                */
+               hfirst = hist_get(first, tobool(lflag || last), lflag);
+               if (!hfirst)
+                       return (1);
+               hlast = last ? hist_get(last, true, lflag) :
+                   (lflag ? hist_get_newest(false) : hfirst);
+               if (!hlast)
+                       return (1);
+       }
+       if (hfirst > hlast) {
+               char **temp;
+
+               temp = hfirst; hfirst = hlast; hlast = temp;
+               /* POSIX */
+               rflag = !rflag;
+       }
+
+       /* List history */
+       if (lflag) {
+               char *s, *t;
+
+               for (hp = rflag ? hlast : hfirst;
+                   hp >= hfirst && hp <= hlast; hp += rflag ? -1 : 1) {
+                       if (!nflag)
+                               shf_fprintf(shl_stdout, "%lu",
+                                   (unsigned long)hist_source->line -
+                                   (unsigned long)(histptr - hp));
+                       shf_putc('\t', shl_stdout);
+                       /* print multi-line commands correctly */
+                       s = *hp;
+                       while ((t = strchr(s, '\n'))) {
+                               *t = '\0';
+                               shf_fprintf(shl_stdout, "%s\n\t", s);
+                               *t++ = '\n';
+                               s = t;
+                       }
+                       shf_fprintf(shl_stdout, "%s\n", s);
+               }
+               shf_flush(shl_stdout);
+               return (0);
+       }
+
+       /* Run editor on selected lines, then run resulting commands */
+
+       tf = maketemp(ATEMP, TT_HIST_EDIT, &e->temps);
+       if (!(shf = tf->shf)) {
+               bi_errorf("can't %s temporary file %s: %s",
+                   "create", tf->tffn, cstrerror(errno));
+               return (1);
+       }
+       for (hp = rflag ? hlast : hfirst;
+           hp >= hfirst && hp <= hlast; hp += rflag ? -1 : 1)
+               shf_fprintf(shf, "%s\n", *hp);
+       if (shf_close(shf) == -1) {
+               bi_errorf("can't %s temporary file %s: %s",
+                   "write", tf->tffn, cstrerror(errno));
+               return (1);
+       }
+
+       /* Ignore setstr errors here (arbitrary) */
+       setstr(local("_", false), tf->tffn, KSH_RETURN_ERROR);
+
+       /* XXX: source should not get trashed by this.. */
+       {
+               Source *sold = source;
+               int ret;
+
+               ret = command(editor ? editor : TFCEDIT_dollaru, 0);
+               source = sold;
+               if (ret)
+                       return (ret);
+       }
+
+       {
+               struct stat statb;
+               XString xs;
+               char *xp;
+               ssize_t n;
+
+               if (!(shf = shf_open(tf->tffn, O_RDONLY, 0, 0))) {
+                       bi_errorf("can't %s temporary file %s: %s",
+                           "open", tf->tffn, cstrerror(errno));
+                       return (1);
+               }
+
+               if (stat(tf->tffn, &statb) < 0)
+                       n = 128;
+               else if ((off_t)statb.st_size > MKSH_MAXHISTFSIZE) {
+                       bi_errorf("%s %s too large: %lu", Thistory,
+                           "file", (unsigned long)statb.st_size);
+                       goto errout;
+               } else
+                       n = (size_t)statb.st_size + 1;
+               Xinit(xs, xp, n, hist_source->areap);
+               while ((n = shf_read(xp, Xnleft(xs, xp), shf)) > 0) {
+                       xp += n;
+                       if (Xnleft(xs, xp) <= 0)
+                               XcheckN(xs, xp, Xlength(xs, xp));
+               }
+               if (n < 0) {
+                       bi_errorf("can't %s temporary file %s: %s",
+                           "read", tf->tffn, cstrerror(shf_errno(shf)));
+ errout:
+                       shf_close(shf);
+                       return (1);
+               }
+               shf_close(shf);
+               *xp = '\0';
+               strip_nuls(Xstring(xs, xp), Xlength(xs, xp));
+               return (hist_execute(Xstring(xs, xp), hist_source->areap));
+       }
+}
+
+/* save cmd in history, execute cmd (cmd gets afree’d) */
+static int
+hist_execute(char *cmd, Area *areap)
+{
+       static int last_line = -1;
+       Source *sold;
+       int ret;
+
+       /* Back up over last histsave */
+       if (histptr >= history && last_line != hist_source->line) {
+               hist_source->line--;
+               afree(*histptr, APERM);
+               histptr--;
+               last_line = hist_source->line;
+       }
+
+       histsave(&hist_source->line, cmd, HIST_STORE, true);
+       /* now *histptr == cmd without all trailing newlines */
+       afree(cmd, areap);
+       cmd = *histptr;
+       /* pdksh says POSIX doesn’t say this is done, testsuite needs it */
+       shellf("%s\n", cmd);
+
+       /*-
+        * Commands are executed here instead of pushing them onto the
+        * input 'cause POSIX says the redirection and variable assignments
+        * in
+        *      X=y fc -e - 42 2> /dev/null
+        * are to effect the repeated commands environment.
+        */
+       /* XXX: source should not get trashed by this.. */
+       sold = source;
+       ret = command(cmd, 0);
+       source = sold;
+       return (ret);
+}
+
+/*
+ * get pointer to history given pattern
+ * pattern is a number or string
+ */
+static char **
+hist_get(const char *str, bool approx, bool allow_cur)
+{
+       char **hp = NULL;
+       int n;
+
+       if (getn(str, &n)) {
+               hp = histptr + (n < 0 ? n : (n - hist_source->line));
+               if ((size_t)hp < (size_t)history) {
+                       if (approx)
+                               hp = hist_get_oldest();
+                       else {
+                               bi_errorf("%s: %s", str, Tnot_in_history);
+                               hp = NULL;
+                       }
+               } else if ((size_t)hp > (size_t)histptr) {
+                       if (approx)
+                               hp = hist_get_newest(allow_cur);
+                       else {
+                               bi_errorf("%s: %s", str, Tnot_in_history);
+                               hp = NULL;
+                       }
+               } else if (!allow_cur && hp == histptr) {
+                       bi_errorf("%s: %s", str, "invalid range");
+                       hp = NULL;
+               }
+       } else {
+               bool anchored = *str == '?' ? (++str, false) : true;
+
+               /* the -1 is to avoid the current fc command */
+               if ((n = findhist(histptr - history - 1, 0, str, anchored)) < 0)
+                       bi_errorf("%s: %s", str, Tnot_in_history);
+               else
+                       hp = &history[n];
+       }
+       return (hp);
+}
+
+/* Return a pointer to the newest command in the history */
+char **
+hist_get_newest(bool allow_cur)
+{
+       if (histptr < history || (!allow_cur && histptr == history)) {
+               bi_errorf("no history (yet)");
+               return (NULL);
+       }
+       return (allow_cur ? histptr : histptr - 1);
+}
+
+/* Return a pointer to the oldest command in the history */
+static char **
+hist_get_oldest(void)
+{
+       if (histptr <= history) {
+               bi_errorf("no history (yet)");
+               return (NULL);
+       }
+       return (history);
+}
+
+#if !defined(MKSH_NO_CMDLINE_EDITING) && !MKSH_S_NOVI
+/* current position in history[] */
+static char **current;
+
+/*
+ * Return the current position.
+ */
+char **
+histpos(void)
+{
+       return (current);
+}
+
+int
+histnum(int n)
+{
+       int last = histptr - history;
+
+       if (n < 0 || n >= last) {
+               current = histptr;
+               return (last);
+       } else {
+               current = &history[n];
+               return (n);
+       }
+}
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * This will become unnecessary if hist_get is modified to allow
+ * searching from positions other than the end, and in either
+ * direction.
+ */
+int
+findhist(int start, int fwd, const char *str, bool anchored)
+{
+       char **hp;
+       int maxhist = histptr - history;
+       int incr = fwd ? 1 : -1;
+       size_t len = strlen(str);
+
+       if (start < 0 || start >= maxhist)
+               start = maxhist;
+
+       hp = &history[start];
+       for (; hp >= history && hp <= histptr; hp += incr)
+               if ((anchored && strncmp(*hp, str, len) == 0) ||
+                   (!anchored && strstr(*hp, str)))
+                       return (hp - history);
+
+       return (-1);
+}
+
+/*
+ * set history; this means reallocating the dataspace
+ */
+void
+sethistsize(mksh_ari_t n)
+{
+       if (n > 0 && n != histsize) {
+               int cursize = histptr - history;
+
+               /* save most recent history */
+               if (n < cursize) {
+                       memmove(history, histptr - n + 1, n * sizeof(char *));
+                       cursize = n - 1;
+               }
+
+               history = aresize2(history, n, sizeof(char *), APERM);
+
+               histsize = n;
+               histptr = history + cursize;
+       }
+}
+
+#if HAVE_PERSISTENT_HISTORY
+/*
+ * set history file; this can mean reloading/resetting/starting
+ * history file maintenance
+ */
+void
+sethistfile(const char *name)
+{
+       /* if not started then nothing to do */
+       if (hstarted == false)
+               return;
+
+       /* if the name is the same as the name we have */
+       if (hname && name && !strcmp(hname, name))
+               return;
+
+       /*
+        * it's a new name - possibly
+        */
+       if (histfd != -1) {
+               /* yes the file is open */
+               (void)close(histfd);
+               histfd = -1;
+               histfsize = 0;
+               afree(hname, APERM);
+               hname = NULL;
+               /* let's reset the history */
+               histsave(NULL, NULL, HIST_DISCARD, true);
+               histptr = history - 1;
+               hist_source->line = 0;
+       }
+
+       if (name)
+               hist_init(hist_source);
+}
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * initialise the history vector
+ */
+void
+init_histvec(void)
+{
+       if (history == (char **)NULL) {
+               histsize = MKSH_DEFHISTSIZE;
+               history = alloc2(histsize, sizeof(char *), APERM);
+               histptr = history - 1;
+       }
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * It turns out that there is a lot of ghastly hackery here
+ */
+
+#if !defined(MKSH_SMALL) && HAVE_PERSISTENT_HISTORY
+/* do not save command in history but possibly sync */
+bool
+histsync(void)
+{
+       bool changed = false;
+
+       /* called by histsave(), may not HIST_DISCARD, caller should flush */
+
+       if (histfd != -1) {
+               int lno = hist_source->line;
+
+               hist_source->line++;
+               writehistfile(0, NULL);
+               hist_source->line--;
+
+               if (lno != hist_source->line)
+                       changed = true;
+       }
+
+       return (changed);
+}
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * save command in history
+ */
+void
+histsave(int *lnp, const char *cmd, int svmode, bool ignoredups)
+{
+       static char *enqueued = NULL;
+       char **hp, *c;
+       const char *ccp;
+
+       if (svmode == HIST_DISCARD) {
+               afree(enqueued, APERM);
+               enqueued = NULL;
+               return;
+       }
+
+       if (svmode == HIST_APPEND) {
+               if (!enqueued)
+                       svmode = HIST_STORE;
+       } else if (enqueued) {
+               c = enqueued;
+               enqueued = NULL;
+               --*lnp;
+               histsave(lnp, c, HIST_STORE, true);
+               afree(c, APERM);
+       }
+
+       if (svmode == HIST_FLUSH)
+               return;
+
+       ccp = cmd + strlen(cmd);
+       while (ccp > cmd && ccp[-1] == '\n')
+               --ccp;
+       strndupx(c, cmd, ccp - cmd, APERM);
+
+       if (svmode != HIST_APPEND) {
+               if (ignoredups &&
+                   histptr >= history &&
+                   !strcmp(c, *histptr)
+#if !defined(MKSH_SMALL) && HAVE_PERSISTENT_HISTORY
+                   && !histsync()
+#endif
+                   ) {
+                       afree(c, APERM);
+                       return;
+               }
+               ++*lnp;
+       }
+
+#if HAVE_PERSISTENT_HISTORY
+       if (svmode == HIST_STORE && histfd != -1)
+               writehistfile(*lnp, c);
+#endif
+
+       if (svmode == HIST_QUEUE || svmode == HIST_APPEND) {
+               size_t nenq, ncmd;
+
+               if (!enqueued) {
+                       if (*c)
+                               enqueued = c;
+                       else
+                               afree(c, APERM);
+                       return;
+               }
+
+               nenq = strlen(enqueued);
+               ncmd = strlen(c);
+               enqueued = aresize(enqueued, nenq + 1 + ncmd + 1, APERM);
+               enqueued[nenq] = '\n';
+               memcpy(enqueued + nenq + 1, c, ncmd + 1);
+               afree(c, APERM);
+               return;
+       }
+
+       hp = histptr;
+
+       if (++hp >= history + histsize) {
+               /* remove oldest command */
+               afree(*history, APERM);
+               for (hp = history; hp < history + histsize - 1; hp++)
+                       hp[0] = hp[1];
+       }
+       *hp = c;
+       histptr = hp;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Write history data to a file nominated by HISTFILE;
+ * if HISTFILE is unset then history still happens, but
+ * the data is not written to a file. All copies of ksh
+ * looking at the file will maintain the same history.
+ * This is ksh behaviour.
+ *
+ * This stuff uses mmap()
+ *
+ * This stuff is so totally broken it must eventually be
+ * redesigned, without mmap, better checks, support for
+ * larger files, etc. and handle partially corrupted files
+ */
+
+/*-
+ * Open a history file
+ * Format is:
+ * Bytes 1, 2:
+ *     HMAGIC - just to check that we are dealing with the correct object
+ * Then follows a number of stored commands
+ * Each command is
+ *     <command byte><command number(4 octets, big endian)><bytes><NUL>
+ */
+#define HMAGIC1                0xAB
+#define HMAGIC2                0xCD
+#define COMMAND                0xFF
+
+#if HAVE_PERSISTENT_HISTORY
+static const unsigned char sprinkle[2] = { HMAGIC1, HMAGIC2 };
+#endif
+
+void
+hist_init(Source *s)
+{
+#if HAVE_PERSISTENT_HISTORY
+       unsigned char *base;
+       int lines, fd;
+       enum { hist_init_first, hist_init_retry, hist_init_restore } hs;
+#endif
+
+       histsave(NULL, NULL, HIST_DISCARD, true);
+
+       if (Flag(FTALKING) == 0)
+               return;
+
+       hstarted = true;
+       hist_source = s;
+
+#if HAVE_PERSISTENT_HISTORY
+       if (((hname = str_val(global("HISTFILE"))) == NULL) || !*hname) {
+               hname = NULL;
+               return;
+       }
+       strdupx(hname, hname, APERM);
+       hs = hist_init_first;
+
+ retry:
+       /* we have a file and are interactive */
+       if ((fd = binopen3(hname, O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_APPEND, 0600)) < 0)
+               return;
+
+       histfd = savefd(fd);
+       if (histfd != fd)
+               close(fd);
+
+       mksh_lockfd(histfd);
+
+       histfsize = lseek(histfd, (off_t)0, SEEK_END);
+       if (histfsize > MKSH_MAXHISTFSIZE || hs == hist_init_restore) {
+               /* we ignore too large files but still append to them */
+               /* we also don't need to re-read after truncation */
+               goto hist_init_tail;
+       } else if (histfsize > 2) {
+               /* we have some data, check its validity */
+               base = (void *)mmap(NULL, (size_t)histfsize, PROT_READ,
+                   MAP_FILE | MAP_PRIVATE, histfd, (off_t)0);
+               if (base == (unsigned char *)MAP_FAILED)
+                       goto hist_init_fail;
+               if (base[0] != HMAGIC1 || base[1] != HMAGIC2) {
+                       munmap(caddr_cast(base), (size_t)histfsize);
+                       goto hist_init_fail;
+               }
+               /* load _all_ data */
+               lines = histload(hist_source, base + 2, (size_t)histfsize - 2);
+               munmap(caddr_cast(base), (size_t)histfsize);
+               /* check if the file needs to be truncated */
+               if (lines > histsize && histptr >= history) {
+                       /* you're fucked up with the current code, trust me */
+                       char *nhname, **hp;
+                       struct stat sb;
+
+                       /* create temporary file */
+                       nhname = shf_smprintf("%s.%d", hname, (int)procpid);
+                       if ((fd = binopen3(nhname, O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_TRUNC |
+                           O_EXCL, 0600)) < 0) {
+                               /* just don't truncate then, meh. */
+                               goto hist_trunc_dont;
+                       }
+                       if (fstat(histfd, &sb) >= 0 &&
+                           chown(nhname, sb.st_uid, sb.st_gid)) {
+                               /* abort the truncation then, meh. */
+                               goto hist_trunc_abort;
+                       }
+                       /* we definitively want some magic in that file */
+                       if (write(fd, sprinkle, 2) != 2)
+                               goto hist_trunc_abort;
+                       /* and of course the entries */
+                       hp = history;
+                       while (hp < histptr) {
+                               if (!writehistline(fd,
+                                   s->line - (histptr - hp), *hp))
+                                       goto hist_trunc_abort;
+                               ++hp;
+                       }
+                       /* now unlock, close both, rename, rinse, repeat */
+                       close(fd);
+                       fd = -1;
+                       hist_finish();
+                       if (rename(nhname, hname) < 0) {
+ hist_trunc_abort:
+                               if (fd != -1)
+                                       close(fd);
+                               unlink(nhname);
+                               if (fd != -1)
+                                       goto hist_trunc_dont;
+                               /* darn! restore histfd and pray */
+                       }
+                       hs = hist_init_restore;
+ hist_trunc_dont:
+                       afree(nhname, ATEMP);
+                       if (hs == hist_init_restore)
+                               goto retry;
+               }
+       } else if (histfsize != 0) {
+               /* negative or too small... */
+ hist_init_fail:
+               /* ... or mmap failed or illegal */
+               hist_finish();
+               /* nuke the bogus file then retry, at most once */
+               if (!unlink(hname) && hs != hist_init_retry) {
+                       hs = hist_init_retry;
+                       goto retry;
+               }
+               if (hs != hist_init_retry)
+                       bi_errorf("can't %s %s: %s",
+                           "unlink HISTFILE", hname, cstrerror(errno));
+               histfsize = 0;
+               return;
+       } else {
+               /* size 0, add magic to the history file */
+               if (write(histfd, sprinkle, 2) != 2) {
+                       hist_finish();
+                       return;
+               }
+       }
+       histfsize = lseek(histfd, (off_t)0, SEEK_END);
+ hist_init_tail:
+       mksh_unlkfd(histfd);
+#endif
+}
+
+#if HAVE_PERSISTENT_HISTORY
+/*
+ * load the history structure from the stored data
+ */
+static int
+histload(Source *s, unsigned char *base, size_t bytes)
+{
+       int lno = 0, lines = 0;
+       unsigned char *cp;
+
+ histload_loop:
+       /* !bytes check as some systems (older FreeBSDs) have buggy memchr */
+       if (!bytes || (cp = memchr(base, COMMAND, bytes)) == NULL)
+               return (lines);
+       /* advance base pointer past COMMAND byte */
+       bytes -= ++cp - base;
+       base = cp;
+       /* if there is no full string left, don't bother with the rest */
+       if (bytes < 5 || (cp = memchr(base + 4, '\0', bytes - 4)) == NULL)
+               return (lines);
+       /* load the stored line number */
+       lno = ((base[0] & 0xFF) << 24) | ((base[1] & 0xFF) << 16) |
+           ((base[2] & 0xFF) << 8) | (base[3] & 0xFF);
+       /* store away the found line (@base[4]) */
+       ++lines;
+       if (histptr >= history && lno - 1 != s->line) {
+               /* a replacement? */
+               char **hp;
+
+               if (lno >= s->line - (histptr - history) && lno <= s->line) {
+                       hp = &histptr[lno - s->line];
+                       afree(*hp, APERM);
+                       strdupx(*hp, (char *)(base + 4), APERM);
+               }
+       } else {
+               s->line = lno--;
+               histsave(&lno, (char *)(base + 4), HIST_NOTE, false);
+       }
+       /* advance base pointer past NUL */
+       bytes -= ++cp - base;
+       base = cp;
+       /* repeat until no more */
+       goto histload_loop;
+}
+
+/*
+ * write a command to the end of the history file
+ *
+ * This *MAY* seem easy but it's also necessary to check
+ * that the history file has not changed in size.
+ * If it has - then some other shell has written to it and
+ * we should (re)read those commands to update our history
+ */
+static void
+writehistfile(int lno, const char *cmd)
+{
+       off_t sizenow;
+       size_t bytes;
+       unsigned char *base, *news;
+
+       mksh_lockfd(histfd);
+       sizenow = lseek(histfd, (off_t)0, SEEK_END);
+       if (sizenow < histfsize) {
+               /* the file has shrunk; give up */
+               goto bad;
+       }
+       if (
+               /* ignore changes when the file is too large */
+               sizenow <= MKSH_MAXHISTFSIZE
+           &&
+               /* the size has changed, we need to do read updates */
+               sizenow > histfsize
+           ) {
+               /* both sizenow and histfsize are <= MKSH_MAXHISTFSIZE */
+               bytes = (size_t)(sizenow - histfsize);
+               base = (void *)mmap(NULL, (size_t)sizenow, PROT_READ,
+                   MAP_FILE | MAP_PRIVATE, histfd, (off_t)0);
+               if (base == (unsigned char *)MAP_FAILED)
+                       goto bad;
+               news = base + (size_t)histfsize;
+               if (*news == COMMAND) {
+                       hist_source->line--;
+                       histload(hist_source, news, bytes);
+                       hist_source->line++;
+                       lno = hist_source->line;
+               } else
+                       bytes = 0;
+               munmap(caddr_cast(base), (size_t)sizenow);
+               if (!bytes)
+                       goto bad;
+       }
+       if (cmd && !writehistline(histfd, lno, cmd)) {
+ bad:
+               hist_finish();
+               return;
+       }
+       histfsize = lseek(histfd, (off_t)0, SEEK_END);
+       mksh_unlkfd(histfd);
+}
+
+static int
+writehistline(int fd, int lno, const char *cmd)
+{
+       ssize_t n;
+       unsigned char hdr[5];
+
+       hdr[0] = COMMAND;
+       hdr[1] = (lno >> 24) & 0xFF;
+       hdr[2] = (lno >> 16) & 0xFF;
+       hdr[3] = (lno >> 8) & 0xFF;
+       hdr[4] = lno & 0xFF;
+       n = strlen(cmd) + 1;
+       return (write(fd, hdr, 5) == 5 && write(fd, cmd, n) == n);
+}
+
+void
+hist_finish(void)
+{
+       if (histfd >= 0) {
+               mksh_unlkfd(histfd);
+               (void)close(histfd);
+       }
+       histfd = -1;
+}
+#endif
+
+
+#if !HAVE_SYS_SIGNAME
+static const struct mksh_sigpair {
+       const char * const name;
+       int nr;
+} mksh_sigpairs[] = {
+#include "signames.inc"
+       { NULL, 0 }
+};
+#endif
+
+#if HAVE_SYS_SIGLIST
+#if !HAVE_SYS_SIGLIST_DECL
+extern const char * const sys_siglist[];
+#endif
+#endif
+
+void
+inittraps(void)
+{
+       int i;
+       const char *cs;
+#if !HAVE_SYS_SIGNAME
+       const struct mksh_sigpair *pair;
+#endif
+
+       trap_exstat = -1;
+
+       /* populate sigtraps based on sys_signame and sys_siglist */
+       for (i = 1; i < ksh_NSIG; i++) {
+               sigtraps[i].signal = i;
+#if HAVE_SYS_SIGNAME
+               cs = sys_signame[i];
+#else
+               pair = mksh_sigpairs;
+               while ((pair->nr != i) && (pair->name != NULL))
+                       ++pair;
+               cs = pair->name;
+#endif
+               if ((cs == NULL) ||
+                   (cs[0] == '\0'))
+                       sigtraps[i].name = null;
+               else {
+                       char *s;
+
+                       /* this is not optimal, what about SIGSIG1? */
+                       if (ksh_eq(cs[0], 'S', 's') &&
+                           ksh_eq(cs[1], 'I', 'i') &&
+                           ksh_eq(cs[2], 'G', 'g') &&
+                           cs[3] != '\0') {
+                               /* skip leading "SIG" */
+                               cs += 3;
+                       }
+                       strdupx(s, cs, APERM);
+                       sigtraps[i].name = s;
+                       while ((*s = ksh_toupper(*s)))
+                               ++s;
+                       /* check for reserved names */
+                       if (!strcmp(sigtraps[i].name, "EXIT") ||
+                           !strcmp(sigtraps[i].name, "ERR")) {
+#ifndef MKSH_SMALL
+                               internal_warningf("ignoring invalid signal name %s",
+                                   sigtraps[i].name);
+#endif
+                               sigtraps[i].name = null;
+                       }
+               }
+               if (sigtraps[i].name == null)
+                       sigtraps[i].name = shf_smprintf("%d", i);
+#if HAVE_SYS_SIGLIST
+               sigtraps[i].mess = sys_siglist[i];
+#elif HAVE_STRSIGNAL
+               sigtraps[i].mess = strsignal(i);
+#else
+               sigtraps[i].mess = NULL;
+#endif
+               if ((sigtraps[i].mess == NULL) ||
+                   (sigtraps[i].mess[0] == '\0'))
+                       sigtraps[i].mess = shf_smprintf("%s %d",
+                           "Signal", i);
+       }
+       sigtraps[ksh_SIGEXIT].signal = ksh_SIGEXIT;
+       sigtraps[ksh_SIGEXIT].name = "EXIT";
+       sigtraps[ksh_SIGEXIT].mess = "Exit trap";
+       sigtraps[ksh_SIGERR].signal = ksh_SIGERR;
+       sigtraps[ksh_SIGERR].name = "ERR";
+       sigtraps[ksh_SIGERR].mess = "Error handler";
+
+       (void)sigemptyset(&Sigact_ign.sa_mask);
+       Sigact_ign.sa_flags = 0; /* interruptible */
+       Sigact_ign.sa_handler = SIG_IGN;
+
+       sigtraps[SIGINT].flags |= TF_DFL_INTR | TF_TTY_INTR;
+       sigtraps[SIGQUIT].flags |= TF_DFL_INTR | TF_TTY_INTR;
+       /* SIGTERM is not fatal for interactive */
+       sigtraps[SIGTERM].flags |= TF_DFL_INTR;
+       sigtraps[SIGHUP].flags |= TF_FATAL;
+       sigtraps[SIGCHLD].flags |= TF_SHELL_USES;
+
+       /* these are always caught so we can clean up any temporary files. */
+       setsig(&sigtraps[SIGINT], trapsig, SS_RESTORE_ORIG);
+       setsig(&sigtraps[SIGQUIT], trapsig, SS_RESTORE_ORIG);
+       setsig(&sigtraps[SIGTERM], trapsig, SS_RESTORE_ORIG);
+       setsig(&sigtraps[SIGHUP], trapsig, SS_RESTORE_ORIG);
+}
+
+static void alarm_catcher(int sig);
+
+void
+alarm_init(void)
+{
+       sigtraps[SIGALRM].flags |= TF_SHELL_USES;
+       setsig(&sigtraps[SIGALRM], alarm_catcher,
+               SS_RESTORE_ORIG|SS_FORCE|SS_SHTRAP);
+}
+
+/* ARGSUSED */
+static void
+alarm_catcher(int sig MKSH_A_UNUSED)
+{
+       /* this runs inside interrupt context, with errno saved */
+
+       if (ksh_tmout_state == TMOUT_READING) {
+               int left = alarm(0);
+
+               if (left == 0) {
+                       ksh_tmout_state = TMOUT_LEAVING;
+                       intrsig = 1;
+               } else
+                       alarm(left);
+       }
+}
+
+Trap *
+gettrap(const char *cs, bool igncase, bool allsigs)
+{
+       int i;
+       Trap *p;
+       char *as;
+
+       /* signal number (1..ksh_NSIG) or 0? */
+
+       if (ksh_isdigit(*cs))
+               return ((getn(cs, &i) && 0 <= i && i < ksh_NSIG) ?
+                   (&sigtraps[i]) : NULL);
+
+       /* do a lookup by name then */
+
+       /* this breaks SIGSIG1, but we do that above anyway */
+       if (ksh_eq(cs[0], 'S', 's') &&
+           ksh_eq(cs[1], 'I', 'i') &&
+           ksh_eq(cs[2], 'G', 'g') &&
+           cs[3] != '\0') {
+               /* skip leading "SIG" */
+               cs += 3;
+       }
+       if (igncase) {
+               char *s;
+
+               strdupx(as, cs, ATEMP);
+               cs = s = as;
+               while ((*s = ksh_toupper(*s)))
+                       ++s;
+       } else
+               as = NULL;
+
+       /* this is idiotic, we really want a hashtable here */
+
+       p = sigtraps;
+       i = ksh_NSIG + 1;
+       do {
+               if (!strcmp(p->name, cs))
+                       goto found;
+               ++p;
+       } while (--i);
+       goto notfound;
+
+ found:
+       if (!allsigs) {
+               if (p->signal == ksh_SIGEXIT || p->signal == ksh_SIGERR) {
+ notfound:
+                       p = NULL;
+               }
+       }
+       afree(as, ATEMP);
+       return (p);
+}
+
+/*
+ * trap signal handler
+ */
+void
+trapsig(int i)
+{
+       Trap *p = &sigtraps[i];
+       int eno = errno;
+
+       trap = p->set = 1;
+       if (p->flags & TF_DFL_INTR)
+               intrsig = 1;
+       if ((p->flags & TF_FATAL) && !p->trap) {
+               fatal_trap = 1;
+               intrsig = 1;
+       }
+       if (p->shtrap)
+               (*p->shtrap)(i);
+       errno = eno;
+}
+
+/*
+ * called when we want to allow the user to ^C out of something - won't
+ * work if user has trapped SIGINT.
+ */
+void
+intrcheck(void)
+{
+       if (intrsig)
+               runtraps(TF_DFL_INTR|TF_FATAL);
+}
+
+/*
+ * called after EINTR to check if a signal with normally causes process
+ * termination has been received.
+ */
+int
+fatal_trap_check(void)
+{
+       Trap *p = sigtraps;
+       int i = ksh_NSIG + 1;
+
+       /* todo: should check if signal is fatal, not the TF_DFL_INTR flag */
+       do {
+               if (p->set && (p->flags & (TF_DFL_INTR|TF_FATAL)))
+                       /* return value is used as an exit code */
+                       return (ksh_sigmask(p->signal));
+               ++p;
+       } while (--i);
+       return (0);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Returns the signal number of any pending traps: ie, a signal which has
+ * occurred for which a trap has been set or for which the TF_DFL_INTR flag
+ * is set.
+ */
+int
+trap_pending(void)
+{
+       Trap *p = sigtraps;
+       int i = ksh_NSIG + 1;
+
+       do {
+               if (p->set && ((p->trap && p->trap[0]) ||
+                   ((p->flags & (TF_DFL_INTR|TF_FATAL)) && !p->trap)))
+                       return (p->signal);
+               ++p;
+       } while (--i);
+       return (0);
+}
+
+/*
+ * run any pending traps. If intr is set, only run traps that
+ * can interrupt commands.
+ */
+void
+runtraps(int flag)
+{
+       Trap *p = sigtraps;
+       int i = ksh_NSIG + 1;
+
+       if (ksh_tmout_state == TMOUT_LEAVING) {
+               ksh_tmout_state = TMOUT_EXECUTING;
+               warningf(false, "timed out waiting for input");
+               unwind(LEXIT);
+       } else
+               /*
+                * XXX: this means the alarm will have no effect if a trap
+                * is caught after the alarm() was started...not good.
+                */
+               ksh_tmout_state = TMOUT_EXECUTING;
+       if (!flag)
+               trap = 0;
+       if (flag & TF_DFL_INTR)
+               intrsig = 0;
+       if (flag & TF_FATAL)
+               fatal_trap = 0;
+       ++trap_nested;
+       do {
+               if (p->set && (!flag ||
+                   ((p->flags & flag) && p->trap == NULL)))
+                       runtrap(p, false);
+               ++p;
+       } while (--i);
+       if (!--trap_nested)
+               runtrap(NULL, true);
+}
+
+void
+runtrap(Trap *p, bool is_last)
+{
+       int old_changed = 0, i;
+       char *trapstr;
+
+       if (p == NULL)
+               /* just clean up, see runtraps() above */
+               goto donetrap;
+       i = p->signal;
+       trapstr = p->trap;
+       p->set = 0;
+       if (trapstr == NULL) {
+               /* SIG_DFL */
+               if (p->flags & (TF_FATAL | TF_DFL_INTR)) {
+                       exstat = (int)(128U + (unsigned)i);
+                       if ((unsigned)exstat > 255U)
+                               exstat = 255;
+               }
+               /* e.g. SIGHUP */
+               if (p->flags & TF_FATAL)
+                       unwind(LLEAVE);
+               /* e.g. SIGINT, SIGQUIT, SIGTERM, etc. */
+               if (p->flags & TF_DFL_INTR)
+                       unwind(LINTR);
+               goto donetrap;
+       }
+       if (trapstr[0] == '\0')
+               /* SIG_IGN */
+               goto donetrap;
+       if (i == ksh_SIGEXIT || i == ksh_SIGERR) {
+               /* avoid recursion on these */
+               old_changed = p->flags & TF_CHANGED;
+               p->flags &= ~TF_CHANGED;
+               p->trap = NULL;
+       }
+       if (trap_exstat == -1)
+               trap_exstat = exstat & 0xFF;
+       /*
+        * Note: trapstr is fully parsed before anything is executed, thus
+        * no problem with afree(p->trap) in settrap() while still in use.
+        */
+       command(trapstr, current_lineno);
+       if (i == ksh_SIGEXIT || i == ksh_SIGERR) {
+               if (p->flags & TF_CHANGED)
+                       /* don't clear TF_CHANGED */
+                       afree(trapstr, APERM);
+               else
+                       p->trap = trapstr;
+               p->flags |= old_changed;
+       }
+
+ donetrap:
+       /* we're the last trap of a sequence executed */
+       if (is_last && trap_exstat != -1) {
+               exstat = trap_exstat;
+               trap_exstat = -1;
+       }
+}
+
+/* clear pending traps and reset user's trap handlers; used after fork(2) */
+void
+cleartraps(void)
+{
+       Trap *p = sigtraps;
+       int i = ksh_NSIG + 1;
+
+       trap = 0;
+       intrsig = 0;
+       fatal_trap = 0;
+
+       do {
+               p->set = 0;
+               if ((p->flags & TF_USER_SET) && (p->trap && p->trap[0]))
+                       settrap(p, NULL);
+               ++p;
+       } while (--i);
+}
+
+/* restore signals just before an exec(2) */
+void
+restoresigs(void)
+{
+       Trap *p = sigtraps;
+       int i = ksh_NSIG + 1;
+
+       do {
+               if (p->flags & (TF_EXEC_IGN|TF_EXEC_DFL))
+                       setsig(p, (p->flags & TF_EXEC_IGN) ? SIG_IGN : SIG_DFL,
+                           SS_RESTORE_CURR|SS_FORCE);
+               ++p;
+       } while (--i);
+}
+
+void
+settrap(Trap *p, const char *s)
+{
+       sig_t f;
+
+       afree(p->trap, APERM);
+       /* handles s == NULL */
+       strdupx(p->trap, s, APERM);
+       p->flags |= TF_CHANGED;
+       f = !s ? SIG_DFL : s[0] ? trapsig : SIG_IGN;
+
+       p->flags |= TF_USER_SET;
+       if ((p->flags & (TF_DFL_INTR|TF_FATAL)) && f == SIG_DFL)
+               f = trapsig;
+       else if (p->flags & TF_SHELL_USES) {
+               if (!(p->flags & TF_ORIG_IGN) || Flag(FTALKING)) {
+                       /* do what user wants at exec time */
+                       p->flags &= ~(TF_EXEC_IGN|TF_EXEC_DFL);
+                       if (f == SIG_IGN)
+                               p->flags |= TF_EXEC_IGN;
+                       else
+                               p->flags |= TF_EXEC_DFL;
+               }
+
+               /*
+                * assumes handler already set to what shell wants it
+                * (normally trapsig, but could be j_sigchld() or SIG_IGN)
+                */
+               return;
+       }
+
+       /* todo: should we let user know signal is ignored? how? */
+       setsig(p, f, SS_RESTORE_CURR|SS_USER);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Called by c_print() when writing to a co-process to ensure SIGPIPE won't
+ * kill shell (unless user catches it and exits)
+ */
+int
+block_pipe(void)
+{
+       int restore_dfl = 0;
+       Trap *p = &sigtraps[SIGPIPE];
+
+       if (!(p->flags & (TF_ORIG_IGN|TF_ORIG_DFL))) {
+               setsig(p, SIG_IGN, SS_RESTORE_CURR);
+               if (p->flags & TF_ORIG_DFL)
+                       restore_dfl = 1;
+       } else if (p->cursig == SIG_DFL) {
+               setsig(p, SIG_IGN, SS_RESTORE_CURR);
+               /* restore to SIG_DFL */
+               restore_dfl = 1;
+       }
+       return (restore_dfl);
+}
+
+/* Called by c_print() to undo whatever block_pipe() did */
+void
+restore_pipe(int restore_dfl)
+{
+       if (restore_dfl)
+               setsig(&sigtraps[SIGPIPE], SIG_DFL, SS_RESTORE_CURR);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Set action for a signal. Action may not be set if original
+ * action was SIG_IGN, depending on the value of flags and FTALKING.
+ */
+int
+setsig(Trap *p, sig_t f, int flags)
+{
+       struct sigaction sigact;
+
+       if (p->signal == ksh_SIGEXIT || p->signal == ksh_SIGERR)
+               return (1);
+
+       memset(&sigact, 0, sizeof(sigact));
+
+       /*
+        * First time setting this signal? If so, get and note the current
+        * setting.
+        */
+       if (!(p->flags & (TF_ORIG_IGN|TF_ORIG_DFL))) {
+               sigaction(p->signal, &Sigact_ign, &sigact);
+               p->flags |= sigact.sa_handler == SIG_IGN ?
+                   TF_ORIG_IGN : TF_ORIG_DFL;
+               p->cursig = SIG_IGN;
+       }
+
+       /*-
+        * Generally, an ignored signal stays ignored, except if
+        *      - the user of an interactive shell wants to change it
+        *      - the shell wants for force a change
+        */
+       if ((p->flags & TF_ORIG_IGN) && !(flags & SS_FORCE) &&
+           (!(flags & SS_USER) || !Flag(FTALKING)))
+               return (0);
+
+       setexecsig(p, flags & SS_RESTORE_MASK);
+
+       /*
+        * This is here 'cause there should be a way of clearing
+        * shtraps, but don't know if this is a sane way of doing
+        * it. At the moment, all users of shtrap are lifetime
+        * users (SIGALRM, SIGCHLD, SIGWINCH).
+        */
+       if (!(flags & SS_USER))
+               p->shtrap = (sig_t)NULL;
+       if (flags & SS_SHTRAP) {
+               p->shtrap = f;
+               f = trapsig;
+       }
+
+       if (p->cursig != f) {
+               p->cursig = f;
+               (void)sigemptyset(&sigact.sa_mask);
+               /* interruptible */
+               sigact.sa_flags = 0;
+               sigact.sa_handler = f;
+               sigaction(p->signal, &sigact, NULL);
+       }
+
+       return (1);
+}
+
+/* control what signal is set to before an exec() */
+void
+setexecsig(Trap *p, int restore)
+{
+       /* XXX debugging */
+       if (!(p->flags & (TF_ORIG_IGN|TF_ORIG_DFL)))
+               internal_errorf("setexecsig: unset signal %d(%s)",
+                   p->signal, p->name);
+
+       /* restore original value for exec'd kids */
+       p->flags &= ~(TF_EXEC_IGN|TF_EXEC_DFL);
+       switch (restore & SS_RESTORE_MASK) {
+       case SS_RESTORE_CURR:
+               /* leave things as they currently are */
+               break;
+       case SS_RESTORE_ORIG:
+               p->flags |= p->flags & TF_ORIG_IGN ? TF_EXEC_IGN : TF_EXEC_DFL;
+               break;
+       case SS_RESTORE_DFL:
+               p->flags |= TF_EXEC_DFL;
+               break;
+       case SS_RESTORE_IGN:
+               p->flags |= TF_EXEC_IGN;
+               break;
+       }
+}
+
+#if HAVE_PERSISTENT_HISTORY || defined(DF)
+/*
+ * File descriptor locking and unlocking functions.
+ * Could use some error handling, but hey, this is only
+ * advisory locking anyway, will often not work over NFS,
+ * and you are SOL if this fails...
+ */
+
+void
+mksh_lockfd(int fd)
+{
+#if defined(__OpenBSD__)
+       /* flock is not interrupted by signals */
+       (void)flock(fd, LOCK_EX);
+#elif HAVE_FLOCK
+       int rv;
+
+       /* e.g. on Linux */
+       do {
+               rv = flock(fd, LOCK_EX);
+       } while (rv == 1 && errno == EINTR);
+#elif HAVE_LOCK_FCNTL
+       int rv;
+       struct flock lks;
+
+       memset(&lks, 0, sizeof(lks));
+       lks.l_type = F_WRLCK;
+       do {
+               rv = fcntl(fd, F_SETLKW, &lks);
+       } while (rv == 1 && errno == EINTR);
+#endif
+}
+
+/* designed to not define mksh_unlkfd if none triggered */
+#if HAVE_FLOCK
+void
+mksh_unlkfd(int fd)
+{
+       (void)flock(fd, LOCK_UN);
+}
+#elif HAVE_LOCK_FCNTL
+void
+mksh_unlkfd(int fd)
+{
+       struct flock lks;
+
+       memset(&lks, 0, sizeof(lks));
+       lks.l_type = F_UNLCK;
+       (void)fcntl(fd, F_SETLKW, &lks);
+}
+#endif
+#endif
diff --git a/source/sh/jobs.c b/source/sh/jobs.c
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..86797d0
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,1923 @@
+/*     $OpenBSD: jobs.c,v 1.43 2015/09/10 22:48:58 nicm Exp $  */
+
+/*-
+ * Copyright (c) 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2011,
+ *              2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016
+ *     mirabilos <m@mirbsd.org>
+ *
+ * Provided that these terms and disclaimer and all copyright notices
+ * are retained or reproduced in an accompanying document, permission
+ * is granted to deal in this work without restriction, including un-
+ * limited rights to use, publicly perform, distribute, sell, modify,
+ * merge, give away, or sublicence.
+ *
+ * This work is provided "AS IS" and WITHOUT WARRANTY of any kind, to
+ * the utmost extent permitted by applicable law, neither express nor
+ * implied; without malicious intent or gross negligence. In no event
+ * may a licensor, author or contributor be held liable for indirect,
+ * direct, other damage, loss, or other issues arising in any way out
+ * of dealing in the work, even if advised of the possibility of such
+ * damage or existence of a defect, except proven that it results out
+ * of said person's immediate fault when using the work as intended.
+ */
+
+#include "sh.h"
+
+__RCSID("$MirOS: src/bin/mksh/jobs.c,v 1.120 2016/03/04 14:26:13 tg Exp $");
+
+#if HAVE_KILLPG
+#define mksh_killpg            killpg
+#else
+/* cross fingers and hope kill is killpg-endowed */
+#define mksh_killpg(p,s)       kill(-(p), (s))
+#endif
+
+/* Order important! */
+#define PRUNNING       0
+#define PEXITED                1
+#define PSIGNALLED     2
+#define PSTOPPED       3
+
+typedef struct proc Proc;
+struct proc {
+       Proc *next;             /* next process in pipeline (if any) */
+       pid_t pid;              /* process id */
+       int state;
+       int status;             /* wait status */
+       /* process command string from vistree */
+       char command[256 - (ALLOC_OVERHEAD + sizeof(Proc *) +
+           sizeof(pid_t) + 2 * sizeof(int))];
+};
+
+/* Notify/print flag - j_print() argument */
+#define JP_SHORT       1       /* print signals processes were killed by */
+#define JP_MEDIUM      2       /* print [job-num] -/+ command */
+#define JP_LONG                3       /* print [job-num] -/+ pid command */
+#define JP_PGRP                4       /* print pgrp */
+
+/* put_job() flags */
+#define PJ_ON_FRONT    0       /* at very front */
+#define PJ_PAST_STOPPED        1       /* just past any stopped jobs */
+
+/* Job.flags values */
+#define JF_STARTED     0x001   /* set when all processes in job are started */
+#define JF_WAITING     0x002   /* set if j_waitj() is waiting on job */
+#define JF_W_ASYNCNOTIFY 0x004 /* set if waiting and async notification ok */
+#define JF_XXCOM       0x008   /* set for $(command) jobs */
+#define JF_FG          0x010   /* running in foreground (also has tty pgrp) */
+#define JF_SAVEDTTY    0x020   /* j->ttystat is valid */
+#define JF_CHANGED     0x040   /* process has changed state */
+#define JF_KNOWN       0x080   /* $! referenced */
+#define JF_ZOMBIE      0x100   /* known, unwaited process */
+#define JF_REMOVE      0x200   /* flagged for removal (j_jobs()/j_noityf()) */
+#define JF_USETTYMODE  0x400   /* tty mode saved if process exits normally */
+#define JF_SAVEDTTYPGRP        0x800   /* j->saved_ttypgrp is valid */
+
+typedef struct job Job;
+struct job {
+       Job *next;              /* next job in list */
+       Proc *proc_list;        /* process list */
+       Proc *last_proc;        /* last process in list */
+       struct timeval systime; /* system time used by job */
+       struct timeval usrtime; /* user time used by job */
+       pid_t pgrp;             /* process group of job */
+       pid_t ppid;             /* pid of process that forked job */
+       int job;                /* job number: %n */
+       int flags;              /* see JF_* */
+       volatile int state;     /* job state */
+       int status;             /* exit status of last process */
+       int age;                /* number of jobs started */
+       Coproc_id coproc_id;    /* 0 or id of coprocess output pipe */
+#ifndef MKSH_UNEMPLOYED
+       mksh_ttyst ttystat;     /* saved tty state for stopped jobs */
+       pid_t saved_ttypgrp;    /* saved tty process group for stopped jobs */
+#endif
+};
+
+/* Flags for j_waitj() */
+#define JW_NONE                0x00
+#define JW_INTERRUPT   0x01    /* ^C will stop the wait */
+#define JW_ASYNCNOTIFY 0x02    /* asynchronous notification during wait ok */
+#define JW_STOPPEDWAIT 0x04    /* wait even if job stopped */
+#define JW_PIPEST      0x08    /* want PIPESTATUS */
+
+/* Error codes for j_lookup() */
+#define JL_NOSUCH      0       /* no such job */
+#define JL_AMBIG       1       /* %foo or %?foo is ambiguous */
+#define JL_INVALID     2       /* non-pid, non-% job id */
+
+static const char * const lookup_msgs[] = {
+       "no such job",
+       "ambiguous",
+       "argument must be %job or process id"
+};
+
+static Job *job_list;          /* job list */
+static Job *last_job;
+static Job *async_job;
+static pid_t async_pid;
+
+static int nzombie;            /* # of zombies owned by this process */
+static int njobs;              /* # of jobs started */
+
+#ifndef CHILD_MAX
+#define CHILD_MAX      25
+#endif
+
+#ifndef MKSH_NOPROSPECTOFWORK
+/* held_sigchld is set if sigchld occurs before a job is completely started */
+static volatile sig_atomic_t held_sigchld;
+#endif
+
+#ifndef MKSH_UNEMPLOYED
+static struct shf      *shl_j;
+static bool            ttypgrp_ok;     /* set if can use tty pgrps */
+static pid_t           restore_ttypgrp = -1;
+static int const       tt_sigs[] = { SIGTSTP, SIGTTIN, SIGTTOU };
+#endif
+
+static void            j_set_async(Job *);
+static void            j_startjob(Job *);
+static int             j_waitj(Job *, int, const char *);
+static void            j_sigchld(int);
+static void            j_print(Job *, int, struct shf *);
+static Job             *j_lookup(const char *, int *);
+static Job             *new_job(void);
+static Proc            *new_proc(void);
+static void            check_job(Job *);
+static void            put_job(Job *, int);
+static void            remove_job(Job *, const char *);
+static int             kill_job(Job *, int);
+
+static void tty_init_talking(void);
+static void tty_init_state(void);
+
+/* initialise job control */
+void
+j_init(void)
+{
+#ifndef MKSH_UNEMPLOYED
+       bool mflagset = Flag(FMONITOR) != 127;
+
+       Flag(FMONITOR) = 0;
+#endif
+
+#ifndef MKSH_NOPROSPECTOFWORK
+       (void)sigemptyset(&sm_default);
+       sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &sm_default, NULL);
+
+       (void)sigemptyset(&sm_sigchld);
+       (void)sigaddset(&sm_sigchld, SIGCHLD);
+
+       setsig(&sigtraps[SIGCHLD], j_sigchld,
+           SS_RESTORE_ORIG|SS_FORCE|SS_SHTRAP);
+#else
+       /* Make sure SIGCHLD isn't ignored - can do odd things under SYSV */
+       setsig(&sigtraps[SIGCHLD], SIG_DFL, SS_RESTORE_ORIG|SS_FORCE);
+#endif
+
+#ifndef MKSH_UNEMPLOYED
+       if (!mflagset && Flag(FTALKING))
+               Flag(FMONITOR) = 1;
+
+       /*
+        * shl_j is used to do asynchronous notification (used in
+        * an interrupt handler, so need a distinct shf)
+        */
+       shl_j = shf_fdopen(2, SHF_WR, NULL);
+
+       if (Flag(FMONITOR) || Flag(FTALKING)) {
+               int i;
+
+               /*
+                * the TF_SHELL_USES test is a kludge that lets us know if
+                * if the signals have been changed by the shell.
+                */
+               for (i = NELEM(tt_sigs); --i >= 0; ) {
+                       sigtraps[tt_sigs[i]].flags |= TF_SHELL_USES;
+                       /* j_change() sets this to SS_RESTORE_DFL if FMONITOR */
+                       setsig(&sigtraps[tt_sigs[i]], SIG_IGN,
+                           SS_RESTORE_IGN|SS_FORCE);
+               }
+       }
+
+       /* j_change() calls tty_init_talking() and tty_init_state() */
+       if (Flag(FMONITOR))
+               j_change();
+       else
+#endif
+         if (Flag(FTALKING)) {
+               tty_init_talking();
+               tty_init_state();
+       }
+}
+
+static int
+proc_errorlevel(Proc *p)
+{
+       switch (p->state) {
+       case PEXITED:
+               return ((WEXITSTATUS(p->status)) & 255);
+       case PSIGNALLED:
+               return (ksh_sigmask(WTERMSIG(p->status)));
+       default:
+               return (0);
+       }
+}
+
+#if !defined(MKSH_UNEMPLOYED) && HAVE_GETSID
+/* suspend the shell */
+void
+j_suspend(void)
+{
+       struct sigaction sa, osa;
+
+       /* Restore tty and pgrp. */
+       if (ttypgrp_ok) {
+               if (tty_hasstate)
+                       mksh_tcset(tty_fd, &tty_state);
+               if (restore_ttypgrp >= 0) {
+                       if (tcsetpgrp(tty_fd, restore_ttypgrp) < 0) {
+                               warningf(false, "%s: %s failed: %s",
+                                   "j_suspend", "tcsetpgrp", cstrerror(errno));
+                       } else if (setpgid(0, restore_ttypgrp) < 0) {
+                               warningf(false, "%s: %s failed: %s",
+                                   "j_suspend", "setpgid", cstrerror(errno));
+                       }
+               }
+       }
+
+       /* Suspend the shell. */
+       memset(&sa, 0, sizeof(sa));
+       sigemptyset(&sa.sa_mask);
+       sa.sa_handler = SIG_DFL;
+       sigaction(SIGTSTP, &sa, &osa);
+       kill(0, SIGTSTP);
+
+       /* Back from suspend, reset signals, pgrp and tty. */
+       sigaction(SIGTSTP, &osa, NULL);
+       if (ttypgrp_ok) {
+               if (restore_ttypgrp >= 0) {
+                       if (setpgid(0, kshpid) < 0) {
+                               warningf(false, "%s: %s failed: %s",
+                                   "j_suspend", "setpgid", cstrerror(errno));
+                               ttypgrp_ok = false;
+                       } else if (tcsetpgrp(tty_fd, kshpid) < 0) {
+                               warningf(false, "%s: %s failed: %s",
+                                   "j_suspend", "tcsetpgrp", cstrerror(errno));
+                               ttypgrp_ok = false;
+                       }
+               }
+               tty_init_state();
+       }
+}
+#endif
+
+/* job cleanup before shell exit */
+void
+j_exit(void)
+{
+       /* kill stopped, and possibly running, jobs */
+       Job *j;
+       bool killed = false;
+
+       for (j = job_list; j != NULL; j = j->next) {
+               if (j->ppid == procpid &&
+                   (j->state == PSTOPPED ||
+                   (j->state == PRUNNING &&
+                   ((j->flags & JF_FG) ||
+                   (Flag(FLOGIN) && !Flag(FNOHUP) && procpid == kshpid))))) {
+                       killed = true;
+                       if (j->pgrp == 0)
+                               kill_job(j, SIGHUP);
+                       else
+                               mksh_killpg(j->pgrp, SIGHUP);
+#ifndef MKSH_UNEMPLOYED
+                       if (j->state == PSTOPPED) {
+                               if (j->pgrp == 0)
+                                       kill_job(j, SIGCONT);
+                               else
+                                       mksh_killpg(j->pgrp, SIGCONT);
+                       }
+#endif
+               }
+       }
+       if (killed)
+               sleep(1);
+       j_notify();
+
+#ifndef MKSH_UNEMPLOYED
+       if (kshpid == procpid && restore_ttypgrp >= 0) {
+               /*
+                * Need to restore the tty pgrp to what it was when the
+                * shell started up, so that the process that started us
+                * will be able to access the tty when we are done.
+                * Also need to restore our process group in case we are
+                * about to do an exec so that both our parent and the
+                * process we are to become will be able to access the tty.
+                */
+               tcsetpgrp(tty_fd, restore_ttypgrp);
+               setpgid(0, restore_ttypgrp);
+       }
+       if (Flag(FMONITOR)) {
+               Flag(FMONITOR) = 0;
+               j_change();
+       }
+#endif
+}
+
+#ifndef MKSH_UNEMPLOYED
+/* turn job control on or off according to Flag(FMONITOR) */
+void
+j_change(void)
+{
+       int i;
+
+       if (Flag(FMONITOR)) {
+               bool use_tty = Flag(FTALKING);
+
+               /* don't call mksh_tcget until we own the tty process group */
+               if (use_tty)
+                       tty_init_talking();
+
+               /* no controlling tty, no SIGT* */
+               if ((ttypgrp_ok = (use_tty && tty_fd >= 0 && tty_devtty))) {
+                       setsig(&sigtraps[SIGTTIN], SIG_DFL,
+                           SS_RESTORE_ORIG|SS_FORCE);
+                       /* wait to be given tty (POSIX.1, B.2, job control) */
+                       while (/* CONSTCOND */ 1) {
+                               pid_t ttypgrp;
+
+                               if ((ttypgrp = tcgetpgrp(tty_fd)) < 0) {
+                                       warningf(false, "%s: %s failed: %s",
+                                           "j_init", "tcgetpgrp",
+                                           cstrerror(errno));
+                                       ttypgrp_ok = false;
+                                       break;
+                               }
+                               if (ttypgrp == kshpgrp)
+                                       break;
+                               kill(0, SIGTTIN);
+                       }
+               }
+               for (i = NELEM(tt_sigs); --i >= 0; )
+                       setsig(&sigtraps[tt_sigs[i]], SIG_IGN,
+                           SS_RESTORE_DFL|SS_FORCE);
+               if (ttypgrp_ok && kshpgrp != kshpid) {
+                       if (setpgid(0, kshpid) < 0) {
+                               warningf(false, "%s: %s failed: %s",
+                                   "j_init", "setpgid", cstrerror(errno));
+                               ttypgrp_ok = false;
+                       } else {
+                               if (tcsetpgrp(tty_fd, kshpid) < 0) {
+                                       warningf(false, "%s: %s failed: %s",
+                                           "j_init", "tcsetpgrp",
+                                           cstrerror(errno));
+                                       ttypgrp_ok = false;
+                               } else
+                                       restore_ttypgrp = kshpgrp;
+                               kshpgrp = kshpid;
+                       }
+               }
+#ifndef MKSH_DISABLE_TTY_WARNING
+               if (use_tty && !ttypgrp_ok)
+                       warningf(false, "%s: %s", "warning",
+                           "won't have full job control");
+#endif
+       } else {
+               ttypgrp_ok = false;
+               if (Flag(FTALKING))
+                       for (i = NELEM(tt_sigs); --i >= 0; )
+                               setsig(&sigtraps[tt_sigs[i]], SIG_IGN,
+                                   SS_RESTORE_IGN|SS_FORCE);
+               else
+                       for (i = NELEM(tt_sigs); --i >= 0; ) {
+                               if (sigtraps[tt_sigs[i]].flags &
+                                   (TF_ORIG_IGN | TF_ORIG_DFL))
+                                       setsig(&sigtraps[tt_sigs[i]],
+                                           (sigtraps[tt_sigs[i]].flags & TF_ORIG_IGN) ?
+                                           SIG_IGN : SIG_DFL,
+                                           SS_RESTORE_ORIG|SS_FORCE);
+                       }
+       }
+       tty_init_state();
+}
+#endif
+
+#if HAVE_NICE
+/* run nice(3) and ignore the result */
+static void
+ksh_nice(int ness)
+{
+#if defined(__USE_FORTIFY_LEVEL) && (__USE_FORTIFY_LEVEL > 0)
+       int eno;
+
+       errno = 0;
+       /* this is gonna annoy users; complain to your distro, people! */
+       if (nice(ness) == -1 && (eno = errno) != 0)
+               warningf(false, "%s: %s", "bgnice", cstrerror(eno));
+#else
+       (void)nice(ness);
+#endif
+}
+#endif
+
+/* execute tree in child subprocess */
+int
+exchild(struct op *t, int flags,
+    volatile int *xerrok,
+    /* used if XPCLOSE or XCCLOSE */
+    int close_fd)
+{
+       /* for pipelines */
+       static Proc *last_proc;
+
+       int rv = 0, forksleep, jwflags = JW_NONE;
+#ifndef MKSH_NOPROSPECTOFWORK
+       sigset_t omask;
+#endif
+       Proc *p;
+       Job *j;
+       pid_t cldpid;
+
+       if (flags & XPIPEST) {
+               flags &= ~XPIPEST;
+               jwflags |= JW_PIPEST;
+       }
+
+       if (flags & XEXEC)
+               /*
+                * Clear XFORK|XPCLOSE|XCCLOSE|XCOPROC|XPIPEO|XPIPEI|XXCOM|XBGND
+                * (also done in another execute() below)
+                */
+               return (execute(t, flags & (XEXEC | XERROK), xerrok));
+
+#ifndef MKSH_NOPROSPECTOFWORK
+       /* no SIGCHLDs while messing with job and process lists */
+       sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &sm_sigchld, &omask);
+#endif
+
+       p = new_proc();
+       p->next = NULL;
+       p->state = PRUNNING;
+       p->status = 0;
+       p->pid = 0;
+
+       /* link process into jobs list */
+       if (flags & XPIPEI) {
+               /* continuing with a pipe */
+               if (!last_job)
+                       internal_errorf("exchild: XPIPEI and no last_job - pid %d",
+                           (int)procpid);
+               j = last_job;
+               if (last_proc)
+                       last_proc->next = p;
+               last_proc = p;
+       } else {
+               /* fills in j->job */
+               j = new_job();
+               /*
+                * we don't consider XXCOMs foreground since they don't get
+                * tty process group and we don't save or restore tty modes.
+                */
+               j->flags = (flags & XXCOM) ? JF_XXCOM :
+                   ((flags & XBGND) ? 0 : (JF_FG|JF_USETTYMODE));
+               timerclear(&j->usrtime);
+               timerclear(&j->systime);
+               j->state = PRUNNING;
+               j->pgrp = 0;
+               j->ppid = procpid;
+               j->age = ++njobs;
+               j->proc_list = p;
+               j->coproc_id = 0;
+               last_job = j;
+               last_proc = p;
+               put_job(j, PJ_PAST_STOPPED);
+       }
+
+       vistree(p->command, sizeof(p->command), t);
+
+       /* create child process */
+       forksleep = 1;
+       while ((cldpid = fork()) < 0 && errno == EAGAIN && forksleep < 32) {
+               if (intrsig)
+                       /* allow user to ^C out... */
+                       break;
+               sleep(forksleep);
+               forksleep <<= 1;
+       }
+       /* ensure $RANDOM changes between parent and child */
+       rndset((unsigned long)cldpid);
+       /* fork failed? */
+       if (cldpid < 0) {
+               kill_job(j, SIGKILL);
+               remove_job(j, "fork failed");
+#ifndef MKSH_NOPROSPECTOFWORK
+               sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &omask, NULL);
+#endif
+               errorf("can't fork - try again");
+       }
+       p->pid = cldpid ? cldpid : (procpid = getpid());
+
+#ifndef MKSH_UNEMPLOYED
+       /* job control set up */
+       if (Flag(FMONITOR) && !(flags&XXCOM)) {
+               bool dotty = false;
+
+               if (j->pgrp == 0) {
+                       /* First process */
+                       j->pgrp = p->pid;
+                       dotty = true;
+               }
+
+               /*
+                * set pgrp in both parent and child to deal with race
+                * condition
+                */
+               setpgid(p->pid, j->pgrp);
+               if (ttypgrp_ok && dotty && !(flags & XBGND))
+                       tcsetpgrp(tty_fd, j->pgrp);
+       }
+#endif
+
+       /* used to close pipe input fd */
+       if (close_fd >= 0 && (((flags & XPCLOSE) && cldpid) ||
+           ((flags & XCCLOSE) && !cldpid)))
+               close(close_fd);
+       if (!cldpid) {
+               /* child */
+
+               /* Do this before restoring signal */
+               if (flags & XCOPROC)
+                       coproc_cleanup(false);
+               cleanup_parents_env();
+#ifndef MKSH_UNEMPLOYED
+               /*
+                * If FMONITOR or FTALKING is set, these signals are ignored,
+                * if neither FMONITOR nor FTALKING are set, the signals have
+                * their inherited values.
+                */
+               if (Flag(FMONITOR) && !(flags & XXCOM)) {
+                       for (forksleep = NELEM(tt_sigs); --forksleep >= 0; )
+                               setsig(&sigtraps[tt_sigs[forksleep]], SIG_DFL,
+                                   SS_RESTORE_DFL|SS_FORCE);
+               }
+#endif
+#if HAVE_NICE
+               if (Flag(FBGNICE) && (flags & XBGND))
+                       ksh_nice(4);
+#endif
+               if ((flags & XBGND)
+#ifndef MKSH_UNEMPLOYED
+                   && !Flag(FMONITOR)
+#endif
+                   ) {
+                       setsig(&sigtraps[SIGINT], SIG_IGN,
+                           SS_RESTORE_IGN|SS_FORCE);
+                       setsig(&sigtraps[SIGQUIT], SIG_IGN,
+                           SS_RESTORE_IGN|SS_FORCE);
+                       if ((!(flags & (XPIPEI | XCOPROC))) &&
+                           ((forksleep = open("/dev/null", 0)) > 0)) {
+                               (void)ksh_dup2(forksleep, 0, true);
+                               close(forksleep);
+                       }
+               }
+               /* in case of $(jobs) command */
+               remove_job(j, "child");
+#ifndef MKSH_NOPROSPECTOFWORK
+               /* remove_job needs SIGCHLD blocked still */
+               sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &omask, NULL);
+#endif
+               nzombie = 0;
+#ifndef MKSH_UNEMPLOYED
+               ttypgrp_ok = false;
+               Flag(FMONITOR) = 0;
+#endif
+               Flag(FTALKING) = 0;
+               cleartraps();
+               /* no return */
+               execute(t, (flags & XERROK) | XEXEC, NULL);
+#ifndef MKSH_SMALL
+               if (t->type == TPIPE)
+                       unwind(LLEAVE);
+               internal_warningf("%s: execute() returned", "exchild");
+               fptreef(shl_out, 8, "%s: tried to execute {\n\t%T\n}\n",
+                   "exchild", t);
+               shf_flush(shl_out);
+#endif
+               unwind(LLEAVE);
+               /* NOTREACHED */
+       }
+
+       /* shell (parent) stuff */
+       if (!(flags & XPIPEO)) {
+               /* last process in a job */
+               j_startjob(j);
+               if (flags & XCOPROC) {
+                       j->coproc_id = coproc.id;
+                       /* n jobs using co-process output */
+                       coproc.njobs++;
+                       /* j using co-process input */
+                       coproc.job = (void *)j;
+               }
+               if (flags & XBGND) {
+                       j_set_async(j);
+                       if (Flag(FTALKING)) {
+                               shf_fprintf(shl_out, "[%d]", j->job);
+                               for (p = j->proc_list; p; p = p->next)
+                                       shf_fprintf(shl_out, " %d",
+                                           (int)p->pid);
+                               shf_putchar('\n', shl_out);
+                               shf_flush(shl_out);
+                       }
+               } else
+                       rv = j_waitj(j, jwflags, "jw:last proc");
+       }
+
+#ifndef MKSH_NOPROSPECTOFWORK
+       sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &omask, NULL);
+#endif
+
+       return (rv);
+}
+
+/* start the last job: only used for $(command) jobs */
+void
+startlast(void)
+{
+#ifndef MKSH_NOPROSPECTOFWORK
+       sigset_t omask;
+
+       sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &sm_sigchld, &omask);
+#endif
+
+       /* no need to report error - waitlast() will do it */
+       if (last_job) {
+               /* ensure it isn't removed by check_job() */
+               last_job->flags |= JF_WAITING;
+               j_startjob(last_job);
+       }
+#ifndef MKSH_NOPROSPECTOFWORK
+       sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &omask, NULL);
+#endif
+}
+
+/* wait for last job: only used for $(command) jobs */
+int
+waitlast(void)
+{
+       int rv;
+       Job *j;
+#ifndef MKSH_NOPROSPECTOFWORK
+       sigset_t omask;
+
+       sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &sm_sigchld, &omask);
+#endif
+
+       j = last_job;
+       if (!j || !(j->flags & JF_STARTED)) {
+               if (!j)
+                       warningf(true, "%s: %s", "waitlast", "no last job");
+               else
+                       internal_warningf("%s: %s", "waitlast", "not started");
+#ifndef MKSH_NOPROSPECTOFWORK
+               sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &omask, NULL);
+#endif
+               /* not so arbitrary, non-zero value */
+               return (125);
+       }
+
+       rv = j_waitj(j, JW_NONE, "waitlast");
+
+#ifndef MKSH_NOPROSPECTOFWORK
+       sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &omask, NULL);
+#endif
+
+       return (rv);
+}
+
+/* wait for child, interruptable. */
+int
+waitfor(const char *cp, int *sigp)
+{
+       int rv, ecode, flags = JW_INTERRUPT|JW_ASYNCNOTIFY;
+       Job *j;
+#ifndef MKSH_NOPROSPECTOFWORK
+       sigset_t omask;
+
+       sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &sm_sigchld, &omask);
+#endif
+
+       *sigp = 0;
+
+       if (cp == NULL) {
+               /*
+                * wait for an unspecified job - always returns 0, so
+                * don't have to worry about exited/signaled jobs
+                */
+               for (j = job_list; j; j = j->next)
+                       /* AT&T ksh will wait for stopped jobs - we don't */
+                       if (j->ppid == procpid && j->state == PRUNNING)
+                               break;
+               if (!j) {
+#ifndef MKSH_NOPROSPECTOFWORK
+                       sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &omask, NULL);
+#endif
+                       return (-1);
+               }
+       } else if ((j = j_lookup(cp, &ecode))) {
+               /* don't report normal job completion */
+               flags &= ~JW_ASYNCNOTIFY;
+               if (j->ppid != procpid) {
+#ifndef MKSH_NOPROSPECTOFWORK
+                       sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &omask, NULL);
+#endif
+                       return (-1);
+               }
+       } else {
+#ifndef MKSH_NOPROSPECTOFWORK
+               sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &omask, NULL);
+#endif
+               if (ecode != JL_NOSUCH)
+                       bi_errorf("%s: %s", cp, lookup_msgs[ecode]);
+               return (-1);
+       }
+
+       /* AT&T ksh will wait for stopped jobs - we don't */
+       rv = j_waitj(j, flags, "jw:waitfor");
+
+#ifndef MKSH_NOPROSPECTOFWORK
+       sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &omask, NULL);
+#endif
+
+       if (rv < 0)
+               /* we were interrupted */
+               *sigp = ksh_sigmask(-rv);
+
+       return (rv);
+}
+
+/* kill (built-in) a job */
+int
+j_kill(const char *cp, int sig)
+{
+       Job *j;
+       int rv = 0, ecode;
+#ifndef MKSH_NOPROSPECTOFWORK
+       sigset_t omask;
+
+       sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &sm_sigchld, &omask);
+#endif
+
+       if ((j = j_lookup(cp, &ecode)) == NULL) {
+#ifndef MKSH_NOPROSPECTOFWORK
+               sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &omask, NULL);
+#endif
+               bi_errorf("%s: %s", cp, lookup_msgs[ecode]);
+               return (1);
+       }
+
+       if (j->pgrp == 0) {
+               /* started when !Flag(FMONITOR) */
+               if (kill_job(j, sig) < 0) {
+                       bi_errorf("%s: %s", cp, cstrerror(errno));
+                       rv = 1;
+               }
+       } else {
+#ifndef MKSH_UNEMPLOYED
+               if (j->state == PSTOPPED && (sig == SIGTERM || sig == SIGHUP))
+                       mksh_killpg(j->pgrp, SIGCONT);
+#endif
+               if (mksh_killpg(j->pgrp, sig) < 0) {
+                       bi_errorf("%s: %s", cp, cstrerror(errno));
+                       rv = 1;
+               }
+       }
+
+#ifndef MKSH_NOPROSPECTOFWORK
+       sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &omask, NULL);
+#endif
+
+       return (rv);
+}
+
+#ifndef MKSH_UNEMPLOYED
+/* fg and bg built-ins: called only if Flag(FMONITOR) set */
+int
+j_resume(const char *cp, int bg)
+{
+       Job *j;
+       Proc *p;
+       int ecode, rv = 0;
+       bool running;
+       sigset_t omask;
+
+       sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &sm_sigchld, &omask);
+
+       if ((j = j_lookup(cp, &ecode)) == NULL) {
+               sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &omask, NULL);
+               bi_errorf("%s: %s", cp, lookup_msgs[ecode]);
+               return (1);
+       }
+
+       if (j->pgrp == 0) {
+               sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &omask, NULL);
+               bi_errorf("job not job-controlled");
+               return (1);
+       }
+
+       if (bg)
+               shprintf("[%d] ", j->job);
+
+       running = false;
+       for (p = j->proc_list; p != NULL; p = p->next) {
+               if (p->state == PSTOPPED) {
+                       p->state = PRUNNING;
+                       p->status = 0;
+                       running = true;
+               }
+               shf_puts(p->command, shl_stdout);
+               if (p->next)
+                       shf_puts("| ", shl_stdout);
+       }
+       shf_putc('\n', shl_stdout);
+       shf_flush(shl_stdout);
+       if (running)
+               j->state = PRUNNING;
+
+       put_job(j, PJ_PAST_STOPPED);
+       if (bg)
+               j_set_async(j);
+       else {
+               /* attach tty to job */
+               if (j->state == PRUNNING) {
+                       if (ttypgrp_ok && (j->flags & JF_SAVEDTTY))
+                               mksh_tcset(tty_fd, &j->ttystat);
+                       /* See comment in j_waitj regarding saved_ttypgrp. */
+                       if (ttypgrp_ok &&
+                           tcsetpgrp(tty_fd, (j->flags & JF_SAVEDTTYPGRP) ?
+                           j->saved_ttypgrp : j->pgrp) < 0) {
+                               rv = errno;
+                               if (j->flags & JF_SAVEDTTY)
+                                       mksh_tcset(tty_fd, &tty_state);
+                               sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &omask, NULL);
+                               bi_errorf("%s %s(%d, %ld) failed: %s",
+                                   "fg: 1st", "tcsetpgrp", tty_fd,
+                                   (long)((j->flags & JF_SAVEDTTYPGRP) ?
+                                   j->saved_ttypgrp : j->pgrp),
+                                   cstrerror(rv));
+                               return (1);
+                       }
+               }
+               j->flags |= JF_FG;
+               j->flags &= ~JF_KNOWN;
+               if (j == async_job)
+                       async_job = NULL;
+       }
+
+       if (j->state == PRUNNING && mksh_killpg(j->pgrp, SIGCONT) < 0) {
+               int eno = errno;
+
+               if (!bg) {
+                       j->flags &= ~JF_FG;
+                       if (ttypgrp_ok && (j->flags & JF_SAVEDTTY))
+                               mksh_tcset(tty_fd, &tty_state);
+                       if (ttypgrp_ok && tcsetpgrp(tty_fd, kshpgrp) < 0)
+                               warningf(true, "%s %s(%d, %ld) failed: %s",
+                                   "fg: 2nd", "tcsetpgrp", tty_fd,
+                                   (long)kshpgrp, cstrerror(errno));
+               }
+               sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &omask, NULL);
+               bi_errorf("%s %s: %s", "can't continue job",
+                   cp, cstrerror(eno));
+               return (1);
+       }
+       if (!bg) {
+               if (ttypgrp_ok) {
+                       j->flags &= ~(JF_SAVEDTTY | JF_SAVEDTTYPGRP);
+               }
+               rv = j_waitj(j, JW_NONE, "jw:resume");
+       }
+       sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &omask, NULL);
+       return (rv);
+}
+#endif
+
+/* are there any running or stopped jobs ? */
+int
+j_stopped_running(void)
+{
+       Job *j;
+       int which = 0;
+
+       for (j = job_list; j != NULL; j = j->next) {
+#ifndef MKSH_UNEMPLOYED
+               if (j->ppid == procpid && j->state == PSTOPPED)
+                       which |= 1;
+#endif
+               if (Flag(FLOGIN) && !Flag(FNOHUP) && procpid == kshpid &&
+                   j->ppid == procpid && j->state == PRUNNING)
+                       which |= 2;
+       }
+       if (which) {
+               shellf("You have %s%s%s jobs\n",
+                   which & 1 ? "stopped" : "",
+                   which == 3 ? " and " : "",
+                   which & 2 ? "running" : "");
+               return (1);
+       }
+
+       return (0);
+}
+
+
+/* list jobs for jobs built-in */
+int
+j_jobs(const char *cp, int slp,
+    /* 0: short, 1: long, 2: pgrp */
+    int nflag)
+{
+       Job *j, *tmp;
+       int how, zflag = 0;
+#ifndef MKSH_NOPROSPECTOFWORK
+       sigset_t omask;
+
+       sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &sm_sigchld, &omask);
+#endif
+
+       if (nflag < 0) {
+               /* kludge: print zombies */
+               nflag = 0;
+               zflag = 1;
+       }
+       if (cp) {
+               int ecode;
+
+               if ((j = j_lookup(cp, &ecode)) == NULL) {
+#ifndef MKSH_NOPROSPECTOFWORK
+                       sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &omask, NULL);
+#endif
+                       bi_errorf("%s: %s", cp, lookup_msgs[ecode]);
+                       return (1);
+               }
+       } else
+               j = job_list;
+       how = slp == 0 ? JP_MEDIUM : (slp == 1 ? JP_LONG : JP_PGRP);
+       for (; j; j = j->next) {
+               if ((!(j->flags & JF_ZOMBIE) || zflag) &&
+                   (!nflag || (j->flags & JF_CHANGED))) {
+                       j_print(j, how, shl_stdout);
+                       if (j->state == PEXITED || j->state == PSIGNALLED)
+                               j->flags |= JF_REMOVE;
+               }
+               if (cp)
+                       break;
+       }
+       /* Remove jobs after printing so there won't be multiple + or - jobs */
+       for (j = job_list; j; j = tmp) {
+               tmp = j->next;
+               if (j->flags & JF_REMOVE)
+                       remove_job(j, "jobs");
+       }
+#ifndef MKSH_NOPROSPECTOFWORK
+       sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &omask, NULL);
+#endif
+       return (0);
+}
+
+/* list jobs for top-level notification */
+void
+j_notify(void)
+{
+       Job *j, *tmp;
+#ifndef MKSH_NOPROSPECTOFWORK
+       sigset_t omask;
+
+       sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &sm_sigchld, &omask);
+#endif
+       for (j = job_list; j; j = j->next) {
+#ifndef MKSH_UNEMPLOYED
+               if (Flag(FMONITOR) && (j->flags & JF_CHANGED))
+                       j_print(j, JP_MEDIUM, shl_out);
+#endif
+               /*
+                * Remove job after doing reports so there aren't
+                * multiple +/- jobs.
+                */
+               if (j->state == PEXITED || j->state == PSIGNALLED)
+                       j->flags |= JF_REMOVE;
+       }
+       for (j = job_list; j; j = tmp) {
+               tmp = j->next;
+               if (j->flags & JF_REMOVE)
+                       remove_job(j, "notify");
+       }
+       shf_flush(shl_out);
+#ifndef MKSH_NOPROSPECTOFWORK
+       sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &omask, NULL);
+#endif
+}
+
+/* Return pid of last process in last asynchronous job */
+pid_t
+j_async(void)
+{
+#ifndef MKSH_NOPROSPECTOFWORK
+       sigset_t omask;
+
+       sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &sm_sigchld, &omask);
+#endif
+
+       if (async_job)
+               async_job->flags |= JF_KNOWN;
+
+#ifndef MKSH_NOPROSPECTOFWORK
+       sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &omask, NULL);
+#endif
+
+       return (async_pid);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Make j the last async process
+ *
+ * If jobs are compiled in then this routine expects sigchld to be blocked.
+ */
+static void
+j_set_async(Job *j)
+{
+       Job *jl, *oldest;
+
+       if (async_job && (async_job->flags & (JF_KNOWN|JF_ZOMBIE)) == JF_ZOMBIE)
+               remove_job(async_job, "async");
+       if (!(j->flags & JF_STARTED)) {
+               internal_warningf("%s: %s", "j_async", "job not started");
+               return;
+       }
+       async_job = j;
+       async_pid = j->last_proc->pid;
+       while (nzombie > CHILD_MAX) {
+               oldest = NULL;
+               for (jl = job_list; jl; jl = jl->next)
+                       if (jl != async_job && (jl->flags & JF_ZOMBIE) &&
+                           (!oldest || jl->age < oldest->age))
+                               oldest = jl;
+               if (!oldest) {
+                       /* XXX debugging */
+                       if (!(async_job->flags & JF_ZOMBIE) || nzombie != 1) {
+                               internal_warningf("%s: bad nzombie (%d)",
+                                   "j_async", nzombie);
+                               nzombie = 0;
+                       }
+                       break;
+               }
+               remove_job(oldest, "zombie");
+       }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Start a job: set STARTED, check for held signals and set j->last_proc
+ *
+ * If jobs are compiled in then this routine expects sigchld to be blocked.
+ */
+static void
+j_startjob(Job *j)
+{
+       Proc *p;
+
+       j->flags |= JF_STARTED;
+       for (p = j->proc_list; p->next; p = p->next)
+               ;
+       j->last_proc = p;
+
+#ifndef MKSH_NOPROSPECTOFWORK
+       if (held_sigchld) {
+               held_sigchld = 0;
+               /* Don't call j_sigchld() as it may remove job... */
+               kill(procpid, SIGCHLD);
+       }
+#endif
+}
+
+/*
+ * wait for job to complete or change state
+ *
+ * If jobs are compiled in then this routine expects sigchld to be blocked.
+ */
+static int
+j_waitj(Job *j,
+    /* see JW_* */
+    int flags,
+    const char *where)
+{
+       Proc *p;
+       int rv;
+#ifdef MKSH_NO_SIGSUSPEND
+       sigset_t omask;
+#endif
+
+       /*
+        * No auto-notify on the job we are waiting on.
+        */
+       j->flags |= JF_WAITING;
+       if (flags & JW_ASYNCNOTIFY)
+               j->flags |= JF_W_ASYNCNOTIFY;
+
+#ifndef MKSH_UNEMPLOYED
+       if (!Flag(FMONITOR))
+#endif
+               flags |= JW_STOPPEDWAIT;
+
+       while (j->state == PRUNNING ||
+           ((flags & JW_STOPPEDWAIT) && j->state == PSTOPPED)) {
+#ifndef MKSH_NOPROSPECTOFWORK
+#ifdef MKSH_NO_SIGSUSPEND
+               sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &sm_default, &omask);
+               pause();
+               /* note that handlers may run here so they need to know */
+               sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &omask, NULL);
+#else
+               sigsuspend(&sm_default);
+#endif
+#else
+               j_sigchld(SIGCHLD);
+#endif
+               if (fatal_trap) {
+                       int oldf = j->flags & (JF_WAITING|JF_W_ASYNCNOTIFY);
+                       j->flags &= ~(JF_WAITING|JF_W_ASYNCNOTIFY);
+                       runtraps(TF_FATAL);
+                       /* not reached... */
+                       j->flags |= oldf;
+               }
+               if ((flags & JW_INTERRUPT) && (rv = trap_pending())) {
+                       j->flags &= ~(JF_WAITING|JF_W_ASYNCNOTIFY);
+                       return (-rv);
+               }
+       }
+       j->flags &= ~(JF_WAITING|JF_W_ASYNCNOTIFY);
+
+       if (j->flags & JF_FG) {
+               j->flags &= ~JF_FG;
+#ifndef MKSH_UNEMPLOYED
+               if (Flag(FMONITOR) && ttypgrp_ok && j->pgrp) {
+                       /*
+                        * Save the tty's current pgrp so it can be restored
+                        * when the job is foregrounded. This is to
+                        * deal with things like the GNU su which does
+                        * a fork/exec instead of an exec (the fork means
+                        * the execed shell gets a different pid from its
+                        * pgrp, so naturally it sets its pgrp and gets hosed
+                        * when it gets foregrounded by the parent shell which
+                        * has restored the tty's pgrp to that of the su
+                        * process).
+                        */
+                       if (j->state == PSTOPPED &&
+                           (j->saved_ttypgrp = tcgetpgrp(tty_fd)) >= 0)
+                               j->flags |= JF_SAVEDTTYPGRP;
+                       if (tcsetpgrp(tty_fd, kshpgrp) < 0)
+                               warningf(true, "%s %s(%d, %ld) failed: %s",
+                                   "j_waitj:", "tcsetpgrp", tty_fd,
+                                   (long)kshpgrp, cstrerror(errno));
+                       if (j->state == PSTOPPED) {
+                               j->flags |= JF_SAVEDTTY;
+                               mksh_tcget(tty_fd, &j->ttystat);
+                       }
+               }
+#endif
+               if (tty_hasstate) {
+                       /*
+                        * Only restore tty settings if job was originally
+                        * started in the foreground. Problems can be
+                        * caused by things like 'more foobar &' which will
+                        * typically get and save the shell's vi/emacs tty
+                        * settings before setting up the tty for itself;
+                        * when more exits, it restores the 'original'
+                        * settings, and things go down hill from there...
+                        */
+                       if (j->state == PEXITED && j->status == 0 &&
+                           (j->flags & JF_USETTYMODE)) {
+                               mksh_tcget(tty_fd, &tty_state);
+                       } else {
+                               mksh_tcset(tty_fd, &tty_state);
+                               /*-
+                                * Don't use tty mode if job is stopped and
+                                * later restarted and exits. Consider
+                                * the sequence:
+                                *      vi foo (stopped)
+                                *      ...
+                                *      stty something
+                                *      ...
+                                *      fg (vi; ZZ)
+                                * mode should be that of the stty, not what
+                                * was before the vi started.
+                                */
+                               if (j->state == PSTOPPED)
+                                       j->flags &= ~JF_USETTYMODE;
+                       }
+               }
+#ifndef MKSH_UNEMPLOYED
+               /*
+                * If it looks like user hit ^C to kill a job, pretend we got
+                * one too to break out of for loops, etc. (AT&T ksh does this
+                * even when not monitoring, but this doesn't make sense since
+                * a tty generated ^C goes to the whole process group)
+                */
+               if (Flag(FMONITOR) && j->state == PSIGNALLED &&
+                   WIFSIGNALED(j->last_proc->status)) {
+                       int termsig;
+
+                       if ((termsig = WTERMSIG(j->last_proc->status)) > 0 &&
+                           termsig < ksh_NSIG &&
+                           (sigtraps[termsig].flags & TF_TTY_INTR))
+                               trapsig(termsig);
+               }
+#endif
+       }
+
+       j_usrtime = j->usrtime;
+       j_systime = j->systime;
+       rv = j->status;
+
+       if (!(p = j->proc_list)) {
+               ;       /* nothing */
+       } else if (flags & JW_PIPEST) {
+               uint32_t num = 0;
+               struct tbl *vp;
+
+               unset(vp_pipest, 1);
+               vp = vp_pipest;
+               vp->flag = DEFINED | ISSET | INTEGER | RDONLY | ARRAY | INT_U;
+               goto got_array;
+
+               while (p != NULL) {
+                       {
+                               struct tbl *vq;
+
+                               /* strlen(vp_pipest->name) == 10 */
+                               vq = alloc(offsetof(struct tbl, name[0]) + 11,
+                                   vp_pipest->areap);
+                               memset(vq, 0, offsetof(struct tbl, name[0]));
+                               memcpy(vq->name, vp_pipest->name, 11);
+                               vp->u.array = vq;
+                               vp = vq;
+                       }
+                       vp->areap = vp_pipest->areap;
+                       vp->ua.index = ++num;
+                       vp->flag = DEFINED | ISSET | INTEGER | RDONLY |
+                           ARRAY | INT_U | AINDEX;
+ got_array:
+                       vp->val.i = proc_errorlevel(p);
+                       if (Flag(FPIPEFAIL) && vp->val.i)
+                               rv = vp->val.i;
+                       p = p->next;
+               }
+       } else if (Flag(FPIPEFAIL)) {
+               do {
+                       const int i = proc_errorlevel(p);
+
+                       if (i)
+                               rv = i;
+               } while ((p = p->next));
+       }
+
+       if (!(flags & JW_ASYNCNOTIFY)
+#ifndef MKSH_UNEMPLOYED
+           && (!Flag(FMONITOR) || j->state != PSTOPPED)
+#endif
+           ) {
+               j_print(j, JP_SHORT, shl_out);
+               shf_flush(shl_out);
+       }
+       if (j->state != PSTOPPED
+#ifndef MKSH_UNEMPLOYED
+           && (!Flag(FMONITOR) || !(flags & JW_ASYNCNOTIFY))
+#endif
+           )
+               remove_job(j, where);
+
+       return (rv);
+}
+
+/*
+ * SIGCHLD handler to reap children and update job states
+ *
+ * If jobs are compiled in then this routine expects sigchld to be blocked.
+ */
+/* ARGSUSED */
+static void
+j_sigchld(int sig MKSH_A_UNUSED)
+{
+       int saved_errno = errno;
+       Job *j;
+       Proc *p = NULL;
+       pid_t pid;
+       int status;
+       struct rusage ru0, ru1;
+#ifdef MKSH_NO_SIGSUSPEND
+       sigset_t omask;
+
+       /* this handler can run while SIGCHLD is not blocked, so block it now */
+       sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &sm_sigchld, &omask);
+#endif
+
+#ifndef MKSH_NOPROSPECTOFWORK
+       /*
+        * Don't wait for any processes if a job is partially started.
+        * This is so we don't do away with the process group leader
+        * before all the processes in a pipe line are started (so the
+        * setpgid() won't fail)
+        */
+       for (j = job_list; j; j = j->next)
+               if (j->ppid == procpid && !(j->flags & JF_STARTED)) {
+                       held_sigchld = 1;
+                       goto j_sigchld_out;
+               }
+#endif
+
+       getrusage(RUSAGE_CHILDREN, &ru0);
+       do {
+#ifndef MKSH_NOPROSPECTOFWORK
+               pid = waitpid(-1, &status, (WNOHANG |
+#if defined(WCONTINUED) && defined(WIFCONTINUED)
+                   WCONTINUED |
+#endif
+                   WUNTRACED));
+#else
+               pid = wait(&status);
+#endif
+
+               /*
+                * return if this would block (0) or no children
+                * or interrupted (-1)
+                */
+               if (pid <= 0)
+                       goto j_sigchld_out;
+
+               getrusage(RUSAGE_CHILDREN, &ru1);
+
+               /* find job and process structures for this pid */
+               for (j = job_list; j != NULL; j = j->next)
+                       for (p = j->proc_list; p != NULL; p = p->next)
+                               if (p->pid == pid)
+                                       goto found;
+ found:
+               if (j == NULL) {
+                       /* Can occur if process has kids, then execs shell
+                       warningf(true, "bad process waited for (pid = %d)",
+                               pid);
+                        */
+                       ru0 = ru1;
+                       continue;
+               }
+
+               timeradd(&j->usrtime, &ru1.ru_utime, &j->usrtime);
+               timersub(&j->usrtime, &ru0.ru_utime, &j->usrtime);
+               timeradd(&j->systime, &ru1.ru_stime, &j->systime);
+               timersub(&j->systime, &ru0.ru_stime, &j->systime);
+               ru0 = ru1;
+               p->status = status;
+#ifndef MKSH_UNEMPLOYED
+               if (WIFSTOPPED(status))
+                       p->state = PSTOPPED;
+               else
+#if defined(WCONTINUED) && defined(WIFCONTINUED)
+                 if (WIFCONTINUED(status)) {
+                       p->state = j->state = PRUNNING;
+                       /* skip check_job(), no-op in this case */
+                       continue;
+               } else
+#endif
+#endif
+                 if (WIFSIGNALED(status))
+                       p->state = PSIGNALLED;
+               else
+                       p->state = PEXITED;
+
+               /* check to see if entire job is done */
+               check_job(j);
+       }
+#ifndef MKSH_NOPROSPECTOFWORK
+           while (/* CONSTCOND */ 1);
+#else
+           while (/* CONSTCOND */ 0);
+#endif
+
+ j_sigchld_out:
+#ifdef MKSH_NO_SIGSUSPEND
+       sigprocmask(SIG_SETMASK, &omask, NULL);
+#endif
+       errno = saved_errno;
+}
+
+/*
+ * Called only when a process in j has exited/stopped (ie, called only
+ * from j_sigchld()). If no processes are running, the job status
+ * and state are updated, asynchronous job notification is done and,
+ * if unneeded, the job is removed.
+ *
+ * If jobs are compiled in then this routine expects sigchld to be blocked.
+ */
+static void
+check_job(Job *j)
+{
+       int jstate;
+       Proc *p;
+
+       /* XXX debugging (nasty - interrupt routine using shl_out) */
+       if (!(j->flags & JF_STARTED)) {
+               internal_warningf("check_job: job started (flags 0x%X)",
+                   (unsigned int)j->flags);
+               return;
+       }
+
+       jstate = PRUNNING;
+       for (p=j->proc_list; p != NULL; p = p->next) {
+               if (p->state == PRUNNING)
+                       /* some processes still running */
+                       return;
+               if (p->state > jstate)
+                       jstate = p->state;
+       }
+       j->state = jstate;
+       j->status = proc_errorlevel(j->last_proc);
+
+       /*
+        * Note when co-process dies: can't be done in j_wait() nor
+        * remove_job() since neither may be called for non-interactive
+        * shells.
+        */
+       if (j->state == PEXITED || j->state == PSIGNALLED) {
+               /*
+                * No need to keep co-process input any more
+                * (at least, this is what ksh93d thinks)
+                */
+               if (coproc.job == j) {
+                       coproc.job = NULL;
+                       /*
+                        * XXX would be nice to get the closes out of here
+                        * so they aren't done in the signal handler.
+                        * Would mean a check in coproc_getfd() to
+                        * do "if job == 0 && write >= 0, close write".
+                        */
+                       coproc_write_close(coproc.write);
+               }
+               /* Do we need to keep the output? */
+               if (j->coproc_id && j->coproc_id == coproc.id &&
+                   --coproc.njobs == 0)
+                       coproc_readw_close(coproc.read);
+       }
+
+       j->flags |= JF_CHANGED;
+#ifndef MKSH_UNEMPLOYED
+       if (Flag(FMONITOR) && !(j->flags & JF_XXCOM)) {
+               /*
+                * Only put stopped jobs at the front to avoid confusing
+                * the user (don't want finished jobs effecting %+ or %-)
+                */
+               if (j->state == PSTOPPED)
+                       put_job(j, PJ_ON_FRONT);
+               if (Flag(FNOTIFY) &&
+                   (j->flags & (JF_WAITING|JF_W_ASYNCNOTIFY)) != JF_WAITING) {
+                       /* Look for the real file descriptor 2 */
+                       {
+                               struct env *ep;
+                               int fd = 2;
+
+                               for (ep = e; ep; ep = ep->oenv)
+                                       if (ep->savefd && ep->savefd[2])
+                                               fd = ep->savefd[2];
+                               shf_reopen(fd, SHF_WR, shl_j);
+                       }
+                       /*
+                        * Can't call j_notify() as it removes jobs. The job
+                        * must stay in the job list as j_waitj() may be
+                        * running with this job.
+                        */
+                       j_print(j, JP_MEDIUM, shl_j);
+                       shf_flush(shl_j);
+                       if (!(j->flags & JF_WAITING) && j->state != PSTOPPED)
+                               remove_job(j, "notify");
+               }
+       }
+#endif
+       if (
+#ifndef MKSH_UNEMPLOYED
+           !Flag(FMONITOR) &&
+#endif
+           !(j->flags & (JF_WAITING|JF_FG)) &&
+           j->state != PSTOPPED) {
+               if (j == async_job || (j->flags & JF_KNOWN)) {
+                       j->flags |= JF_ZOMBIE;
+                       j->job = -1;
+                       nzombie++;
+               } else
+                       remove_job(j, "checkjob");
+       }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Print job status in either short, medium or long format.
+ *
+ * If jobs are compiled in then this routine expects sigchld to be blocked.
+ */
+static void
+j_print(Job *j, int how, struct shf *shf)
+{
+       Proc *p;
+       int state;
+       int status;
+       bool coredumped;
+       char jobchar = ' ';
+       char buf[64];
+       const char *filler;
+       int output = 0;
+
+       if (how == JP_PGRP) {
+               /*
+                * POSIX doesn't say what to do it there is no process
+                * group leader (ie, !FMONITOR). We arbitrarily return
+                * last pid (which is what $! returns).
+                */
+               shf_fprintf(shf, "%d\n", (int)(j->pgrp ? j->pgrp :
+                   (j->last_proc ? j->last_proc->pid : 0)));
+               return;
+       }
+       j->flags &= ~JF_CHANGED;
+       filler = j->job > 10 ? "\n       " : "\n      ";
+       if (j == job_list)
+               jobchar = '+';
+       else if (j == job_list->next)
+               jobchar = '-';
+
+       for (p = j->proc_list; p != NULL;) {
+               coredumped = false;
+               switch (p->state) {
+               case PRUNNING:
+                       memcpy(buf, "Running", 8);
+                       break;
+               case PSTOPPED: {
+                       int stopsig = WSTOPSIG(p->status);
+
+                       strlcpy(buf, stopsig > 0 && stopsig < ksh_NSIG ?
+                           sigtraps[stopsig].mess : "Stopped", sizeof(buf));
+                       break;
+               }
+               case PEXITED: {
+                       int exitstatus = (WEXITSTATUS(p->status)) & 255;
+
+                       if (how == JP_SHORT)
+                               buf[0] = '\0';
+                       else if (exitstatus == 0)
+                               memcpy(buf, "Done", 5);
+                       else
+                               shf_snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "Done (%d)",
+                                   exitstatus);
+                       break;
+               }
+               case PSIGNALLED: {
+                       int termsig = WTERMSIG(p->status);
+#ifdef WCOREDUMP
+                       if (WCOREDUMP(p->status))
+                               coredumped = true;
+#endif
+                       /*
+                        * kludge for not reporting 'normal termination
+                        * signals' (i.e. SIGINT, SIGPIPE)
+                        */
+                       if (how == JP_SHORT && !coredumped &&
+                           (termsig == SIGINT || termsig == SIGPIPE)) {
+                               buf[0] = '\0';
+                       } else
+                               strlcpy(buf, termsig > 0 && termsig < ksh_NSIG ?
+                                   sigtraps[termsig].mess : "Signalled",
+                                   sizeof(buf));
+                       break;
+               }
+               default:
+                       buf[0] = '\0';
+               }
+
+               if (how != JP_SHORT) {
+                       if (p == j->proc_list)
+                               shf_fprintf(shf, "[%d] %c ", j->job, jobchar);
+                       else
+                               shf_puts(filler, shf);
+               }
+
+               if (how == JP_LONG)
+                       shf_fprintf(shf, "%5d ", (int)p->pid);
+
+               if (how == JP_SHORT) {
+                       if (buf[0]) {
+                               output = 1;
+                               shf_fprintf(shf, "%s%s ",
+                                   buf, coredumped ? " (core dumped)" : null);
+                       }
+               } else {
+                       output = 1;
+                       shf_fprintf(shf, "%-20s %s%s%s", buf, p->command,
+                           p->next ? "|" : null,
+                           coredumped ? " (core dumped)" : null);
+               }
+
+               state = p->state;
+               status = p->status;
+               p = p->next;
+               while (p && p->state == state && p->status == status) {
+                       if (how == JP_LONG)
+                               shf_fprintf(shf, "%s%5d %-20s %s%s", filler,
+                                   (int)p->pid, " ", p->command,
+                                   p->next ? "|" : null);
+                       else if (how == JP_MEDIUM)
+                               shf_fprintf(shf, " %s%s", p->command,
+                                   p->next ? "|" : null);
+                       p = p->next;
+               }
+       }
+       if (output)
+               shf_putc('\n', shf);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Convert % sequence to job
+ *
+ * If jobs are compiled in then this routine expects sigchld to be blocked.
+ */
+static Job *
+j_lookup(const char *cp, int *ecodep)
+{
+       Job *j, *last_match;
+       Proc *p;
+       size_t len;
+       int job = 0;
+
+       if (ksh_isdigit(*cp) && getn(cp, &job)) {
+               /* Look for last_proc->pid (what $! returns) first... */
+               for (j = job_list; j != NULL; j = j->next)
+                       if (j->last_proc && j->last_proc->pid == job)
+                               return (j);
+               /*
+                * ...then look for process group (this is non-POSIX,
+                * but should not break anything
+                */
+               for (j = job_list; j != NULL; j = j->next)
+                       if (j->pgrp && j->pgrp == job)
+                               return (j);
+               goto j_lookup_nosuch;
+       }
+       if (*cp != '%') {
+ j_lookup_invalid:
+               if (ecodep)
+                       *ecodep = JL_INVALID;
+               return (NULL);
+       }
+       switch (*++cp) {
+       case '\0': /* non-standard */
+       case '+':
+       case '%':
+               if (job_list != NULL)
+                       return (job_list);
+               break;
+
+       case '-':
+               if (job_list != NULL && job_list->next)
+                       return (job_list->next);
+               break;
+
+       case '0': case '1': case '2': case '3': case '4':
+       case '5': case '6': case '7': case '8': case '9':
+               if (!getn(cp, &job))
+                       goto j_lookup_invalid;
+               for (j = job_list; j != NULL; j = j->next)
+                       if (j->job == job)
+                               return (j);
+               break;
+
+       /* %?string */
+       case '?':
+               last_match = NULL;
+               for (j = job_list; j != NULL; j = j->next)
+                       for (p = j->proc_list; p != NULL; p = p->next)
+                               if (strstr(p->command, cp+1) != NULL) {
+                                       if (last_match) {
+                                               if (ecodep)
+                                                       *ecodep = JL_AMBIG;
+                                               return (NULL);
+                                       }
+                                       last_match = j;
+                               }
+               if (last_match)
+                       return (last_match);
+               break;
+
+       /* %string */
+       default:
+               len = strlen(cp);
+               last_match = NULL;
+               for (j = job_list; j != NULL; j = j->next)
+                       if (strncmp(cp, j->proc_list->command, len) == 0) {
+                               if (last_match) {
+                                       if (ecodep)
+                                               *ecodep = JL_AMBIG;
+                                       return (NULL);
+                               }
+                               last_match = j;
+                       }
+               if (last_match)
+                       return (last_match);
+               break;
+       }
+ j_lookup_nosuch:
+       if (ecodep)
+               *ecodep = JL_NOSUCH;
+       return (NULL);
+}
+
+static Job     *free_jobs;
+static Proc    *free_procs;
+
+/*
+ * allocate a new job and fill in the job number.
+ *
+ * If jobs are compiled in then this routine expects sigchld to be blocked.
+ */
+static Job *
+new_job(void)
+{
+       int i;
+       Job *newj, *j;
+
+       if (free_jobs != NULL) {
+               newj = free_jobs;
+               free_jobs = free_jobs->next;
+       } else
+               newj = alloc(sizeof(Job), APERM);
+
+       /* brute force method */
+       for (i = 1; ; i++) {
+               for (j = job_list; j && j->job != i; j = j->next)
+                       ;
+               if (j == NULL)
+                       break;
+       }
+       newj->job = i;
+
+       return (newj);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Allocate new process struct
+ *
+ * If jobs are compiled in then this routine expects sigchld to be blocked.
+ */
+static Proc *
+new_proc(void)
+{
+       Proc *p;
+
+       if (free_procs != NULL) {
+               p = free_procs;
+               free_procs = free_procs->next;
+       } else
+               p = alloc(sizeof(Proc), APERM);
+
+       return (p);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Take job out of job_list and put old structures into free list.
+ * Keeps nzombies, last_job and async_job up to date.
+ *
+ * If jobs are compiled in then this routine expects sigchld to be blocked.
+ */
+static void
+remove_job(Job *j, const char *where)
+{
+       Proc *p, *tmp;
+       Job **prev, *curr;
+
+       prev = &job_list;
+       curr = job_list;
+       while (curr && curr != j) {
+               prev = &curr->next;
+               curr = *prev;
+       }
+       if (curr != j) {
+               internal_warningf("remove_job: job %s (%s)", "not found", where);
+               return;
+       }
+       *prev = curr->next;
+
+       /* free up proc structures */
+       for (p = j->proc_list; p != NULL; ) {
+               tmp = p;
+               p = p->next;
+               tmp->next = free_procs;
+               free_procs = tmp;
+       }
+
+       if ((j->flags & JF_ZOMBIE) && j->ppid == procpid)
+               --nzombie;
+       j->next = free_jobs;
+       free_jobs = j;
+
+       if (j == last_job)
+               last_job = NULL;
+       if (j == async_job)
+               async_job = NULL;
+}
+
+/*
+ * put j in a particular location (taking it out job_list if it is there
+ * already)
+ *
+ * If jobs are compiled in then this routine expects sigchld to be blocked.
+ */
+static void
+put_job(Job *j, int where)
+{
+       Job **prev, *curr;
+
+       /* Remove job from list (if there) */
+       prev = &job_list;
+       curr = job_list;
+       while (curr && curr != j) {
+               prev = &curr->next;
+               curr = *prev;
+       }
+       if (curr == j)
+               *prev = curr->next;
+
+       switch (where) {
+       case PJ_ON_FRONT:
+               j->next = job_list;
+               job_list = j;
+               break;
+
+       case PJ_PAST_STOPPED:
+               prev = &job_list;
+               curr = job_list;
+               for (; curr && curr->state == PSTOPPED; prev = &curr->next,
+                   curr = *prev)
+                       ;
+               j->next = curr;
+               *prev = j;
+               break;
+       }
+}
+
+/*
+ * nuke a job (called when unable to start full job).
+ *
+ * If jobs are compiled in then this routine expects sigchld to be blocked.
+ */
+static int
+kill_job(Job *j, int sig)
+{
+       Proc *p;
+       int rval = 0;
+
+       for (p = j->proc_list; p != NULL; p = p->next)
+               if (p->pid != 0)
+                       if (kill(p->pid, sig) < 0)
+                               rval = -1;
+       return (rval);
+}
+
+static void
+tty_init_talking(void)
+{
+       switch (tty_init_fd()) {
+       case 0:
+               break;
+       case 1:
+#ifndef MKSH_DISABLE_TTY_WARNING
+               warningf(false, "%s: %s %s: %s",
+                   "No controlling tty", "open", "/dev/tty",
+                   cstrerror(errno));
+#endif
+               break;
+       case 2:
+#ifndef MKSH_DISABLE_TTY_WARNING
+               warningf(false, "%s: %s", "can't find tty fd", cstrerror(errno));
+#endif
+               break;
+       case 3:
+               warningf(false, "%s: %s failed: %s", "j_ttyinit",
+                   "dup of tty fd", cstrerror(errno));
+               break;
+       case 4:
+               warningf(false, "%s: %s: %s", "j_ttyinit",
+                   "can't set close-on-exec flag", cstrerror(errno));
+               break;
+       }
+}
+
+static void
+tty_init_state(void)
+{
+       if (tty_fd >= 0) {
+               mksh_tcget(tty_fd, &tty_state);
+               tty_hasstate = true;
+       }
+}
diff --git a/source/sh/lalloc.c b/source/sh/lalloc.c
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..0aff3aa
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,193 @@
+/*-
+ * Copyright (c) 2009, 2010, 2011, 2013, 2014, 2016
+ *     mirabilos <m@mirbsd.org>
+ *
+ * Provided that these terms and disclaimer and all copyright notices
+ * are retained or reproduced in an accompanying document, permission
+ * is granted to deal in this work without restriction, including un-
+ * limited rights to use, publicly perform, distribute, sell, modify,
+ * merge, give away, or sublicence.
+ *
+ * This work is provided "AS IS" and WITHOUT WARRANTY of any kind, to
+ * the utmost extent permitted by applicable law, neither express nor
+ * implied; without malicious intent or gross negligence. In no event
+ * may a licensor, author or contributor be held liable for indirect,
+ * direct, other damage, loss, or other issues arising in any way out
+ * of dealing in the work, even if advised of the possibility of such
+ * damage or existence of a defect, except proven that it results out
+ * of said person's immediate fault when using the work as intended.
+ */
+
+#include "sh.h"
+#ifdef MKSH_ALLOC_CATCH_UNDERRUNS
+#include <err.h>
+#endif
+
+__RCSID("$MirOS: src/bin/mksh/lalloc.c,v 1.26 2016/02/26 21:53:36 tg Exp $");
+
+/* build with CPPFLAGS+= -DUSE_REALLOC_MALLOC=0 on ancient systems */
+#if defined(USE_REALLOC_MALLOC) && (USE_REALLOC_MALLOC == 0)
+#define remalloc(p,n)  ((p) == NULL ? malloc_osi(n) : realloc_osi((p), (n)))
+#else
+#define remalloc(p,n)  realloc_osi((p), (n))
+#endif
+
+
+static struct lalloc_common *findptr(struct lalloc_common **, char *, Area *);
+
+#ifndef MKSH_ALLOC_CATCH_UNDERRUNS
+#define ALLOC_ISUNALIGNED(p) (((size_t)(p)) % sizeof(struct lalloc_common))
+#else
+#define ALLOC_ISUNALIGNED(p) (((size_t)(p)) & 4095)
+#undef remalloc
+#undef free_osimalloc
+
+static void
+free_osimalloc(void *ptr)
+{
+       struct lalloc_item *lp = ptr;
+
+       if (munmap(lp, lp->len))
+               err(1, "free_osimalloc");
+}
+
+static void *
+remalloc(void *ptr, size_t size)
+{
+       struct lalloc_item *lp, *lold = ptr;
+
+       size = (size + 4095) & ~(size_t)4095;
+
+       if (lold && lold->len >= size)
+               return (ptr);
+
+       if ((lp = mmap(NULL, size, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE,
+           MAP_ANON | MAP_PRIVATE, -1, (off_t)0)) == MAP_FAILED)
+               err(1, "remalloc: mmap(%zu)", size);
+       if (ALLOC_ISUNALIGNED(lp))
+               errx(1, "remalloc: unaligned(%p)", lp);
+       if (mprotect(((char *)lp) + 4096, 4096, PROT_NONE))
+               err(1, "remalloc: mprotect");
+       lp->len = size;
+
+       if (lold) {
+               memcpy(((char *)lp) + 8192, ((char *)lold) + 8192,
+                   lold->len - 8192);
+               if (munmap(lold, lold->len))
+                       err(1, "remalloc: munmap");
+       }
+
+       return (lp);
+}
+#endif
+
+void
+ainit(Area *ap)
+{
+#ifdef MKSH_ALLOC_CATCH_UNDERRUNS
+       if (sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE) != 4096) {
+               fprintf(stderr, "mksh: fatal: pagesize %lu not 4096!\n",
+                   sysconf(_SC_PAGESIZE));
+               fflush(stderr);
+               abort();
+       }
+#endif
+       /* area pointer and items share struct lalloc_common */
+       ap->next = NULL;
+}
+
+static struct lalloc_common *
+findptr(struct lalloc_common **lpp, char *ptr, Area *ap)
+{
+       void *lp;
+
+#ifndef MKSH_SMALL
+       if (ALLOC_ISUNALIGNED(ptr))
+               goto fail;
+#endif
+       /* get address of ALLOC_ITEM from user item */
+       /*
+        * note: the alignment of "ptr" to ALLOC_ITEM is checked
+        * above; the "void *" gets us rid of a gcc 2.95 warning
+        */
+       *lpp = (lp = ptr - sizeof(ALLOC_ITEM));
+       /* search for allocation item in group list */
+       while (ap->next != lp)
+               if ((ap = ap->next) == NULL) {
+#ifndef MKSH_SMALL
+ fail:
+#endif
+#ifdef DEBUG
+                       internal_warningf("rogue pointer %zX in ap %zX",
+                           (size_t)ptr, (size_t)ap);
+                       /* try to get a coredump */
+                       abort();
+#else
+                       internal_errorf("rogue pointer %zX", (size_t)ptr);
+#endif
+               }
+       return (ap);
+}
+
+void *
+aresize2(void *ptr, size_t fac1, size_t fac2, Area *ap)
+{
+       if (notoktomul(fac1, fac2))
+               internal_errorf(Tintovfl, fac1, '*', fac2);
+       return (aresize(ptr, fac1 * fac2, ap));
+}
+
+void *
+aresize(void *ptr, size_t numb, Area *ap)
+{
+       struct lalloc_common *lp = NULL;
+
+       /* resizing (true) or newly allocating? */
+       if (ptr != NULL) {
+               struct lalloc_common *pp;
+
+               pp = findptr(&lp, ptr, ap);
+               pp->next = lp->next;
+       }
+
+       if (notoktoadd(numb, sizeof(ALLOC_ITEM)) ||
+           (lp = remalloc(lp, numb + sizeof(ALLOC_ITEM))) == NULL
+#ifndef MKSH_SMALL
+           || ALLOC_ISUNALIGNED(lp)
+#endif
+           )
+               internal_errorf(Toomem, numb);
+       /* area pointer and items share struct lalloc_common */
+       lp->next = ap->next;
+       ap->next = lp;
+       /* return user item address */
+       return ((char *)lp + sizeof(ALLOC_ITEM));
+}
+
+void
+afree(void *ptr, Area *ap)
+{
+       if (ptr != NULL) {
+               struct lalloc_common *lp, *pp;
+
+               pp = findptr(&lp, ptr, ap);
+               /* unhook */
+               pp->next = lp->next;
+               /* now free ALLOC_ITEM */
+               free_osimalloc(lp);
+       }
+}
+
+void
+afreeall(Area *ap)
+{
+       struct lalloc_common *lp;
+
+       /* traverse group (linked list) */
+       while ((lp = ap->next) != NULL) {
+               /* make next ALLOC_ITEM head of list */
+               ap->next = lp->next;
+               /* free old head */
+               free_osimalloc(lp);
+       }
+}
diff --git a/source/sh/lex.c b/source/sh/lex.c
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..38eb119
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,1780 @@
+/*     $OpenBSD: lex.c,v 1.51 2015/09/10 22:48:58 nicm Exp $   */
+
+/*-
+ * Copyright (c) 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010,
+ *              2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016
+ *     mirabilos <m@mirbsd.org>
+ *
+ * Provided that these terms and disclaimer and all copyright notices
+ * are retained or reproduced in an accompanying document, permission
+ * is granted to deal in this work without restriction, including un-
+ * limited rights to use, publicly perform, distribute, sell, modify,
+ * merge, give away, or sublicence.
+ *
+ * This work is provided "AS IS" and WITHOUT WARRANTY of any kind, to
+ * the utmost extent permitted by applicable law, neither express nor
+ * implied; without malicious intent or gross negligence. In no event
+ * may a licensor, author or contributor be held liable for indirect,
+ * direct, other damage, loss, or other issues arising in any way out
+ * of dealing in the work, even if advised of the possibility of such
+ * damage or existence of a defect, except proven that it results out
+ * of said person's immediate fault when using the work as intended.
+ */
+
+#include "sh.h"
+
+__RCSID("$MirOS: src/bin/mksh/lex.c,v 1.222 2016/03/01 19:22:31 tg Exp $");
+
+/*
+ * states while lexing word
+ */
+#define SBASE          0       /* outside any lexical constructs */
+#define SWORD          1       /* implicit quoting for substitute() */
+#define SLETPAREN      2       /* inside (( )), implicit quoting */
+#define SSQUOTE                3       /* inside '' */
+#define SDQUOTE                4       /* inside "" */
+#define SEQUOTE                5       /* inside $'' */
+#define SBRACE         6       /* inside ${} */
+#define SQBRACE                7       /* inside "${}" */
+#define SBQUOTE                8       /* inside `` */
+#define SASPAREN       9       /* inside $(( )) */
+#define SHEREDELIM     10      /* parsing << or <<- delimiter */
+#define SHEREDQUOTE    11      /* parsing " in << or <<- delimiter */
+#define SPATTERN       12      /* parsing *(...|...) pattern (*+?@!) */
+#define SADELIM                13      /* like SBASE, looking for delimiter */
+#define STBRACEKORN    14      /* parsing ${...[#%]...} !FSH */
+#define STBRACEBOURNE  15      /* parsing ${...[#%]...} FSH */
+#define SINVALID       255     /* invalid state */
+
+struct sretrace_info {
+       struct sretrace_info *next;
+       XString xs;
+       char *xp;
+};
+
+/*
+ * Structure to keep track of the lexing state and the various pieces of info
+ * needed for each particular state.
+ */
+typedef struct lex_state {
+       union {
+               /* point to the next state block */
+               struct lex_state *base;
+               /* marks start of state output in output string */
+               size_t start;
+               /* SBQUOTE: true if in double quotes: "`...`" */
+               /* SEQUOTE: got NUL, ignore rest of string */
+               bool abool;
+               /* SADELIM information */
+               struct {
+                       /* character to search for */
+                       unsigned char delimiter;
+                       /* max. number of delimiters */
+                       unsigned char num;
+               } adelim;
+       } u;
+       /* count open parentheses */
+       short nparen;
+       /* type of this state */
+       uint8_t type;
+} Lex_state;
+#define ls_base                u.base
+#define ls_start       u.start
+#define ls_bool                u.abool
+#define ls_adelim      u.adelim
+
+typedef struct {
+       Lex_state *base;
+       Lex_state *end;
+} State_info;
+
+static void readhere(struct ioword *);
+static void ungetsc(int);
+static void ungetsc_i(int);
+static int getsc_uu(void);
+static void getsc_line(Source *);
+static int getsc_bn(void);
+static int getsc_i(void);
+static char *get_brace_var(XString *, char *);
+static bool arraysub(char **);
+static void gethere(void);
+static Lex_state *push_state_i(State_info *, Lex_state *);
+static Lex_state *pop_state_i(State_info *, Lex_state *);
+
+static int backslash_skip;
+static int ignore_backslash_newline;
+
+/* optimised getsc_bn() */
+#define o_getsc()      (*source->str != '\0' && *source->str != '\\' && \
+                           !backslash_skip ? *source->str++ : getsc_bn())
+/* optimised getsc_uu() */
+#define        o_getsc_u()     ((*source->str != '\0') ? *source->str++ : getsc_uu())
+
+/* retrace helper */
+#define o_getsc_r(carg)                                        \
+       int cev = (carg);                               \
+       struct sretrace_info *rp = retrace_info;        \
+                                                       \
+       while (rp) {                                    \
+               Xcheck(rp->xs, rp->xp);                 \
+               *rp->xp++ = cev;                        \
+               rp = rp->next;                          \
+       }                                               \
+                                                       \
+       return (cev);
+
+/* callback */
+static int
+getsc_i(void)
+{
+       o_getsc_r(o_getsc());
+}
+
+#if defined(MKSH_SMALL) && !defined(MKSH_SMALL_BUT_FAST)
+#define getsc getsc_i
+#else
+static int getsc_r(int);
+
+static int
+getsc_r(int c)
+{
+       o_getsc_r(c);
+}
+
+#define getsc()                getsc_r(o_getsc())
+#endif
+
+#define STATE_BSIZE    8
+
+#define PUSH_STATE(s)  do {                                    \
+       if (++statep == state_info.end)                         \
+               statep = push_state_i(&state_info, statep);     \
+       state = statep->type = (s);                             \
+} while (/* CONSTCOND */ 0)
+
+#define POP_STATE()    do {                                    \
+       if (--statep == state_info.base)                        \
+               statep = pop_state_i(&state_info, statep);      \
+       state = statep->type;                                   \
+} while (/* CONSTCOND */ 0)
+
+#define PUSH_SRETRACE(s) do {                                  \
+       struct sretrace_info *ri;                               \
+                                                               \
+       PUSH_STATE(s);                                          \
+       statep->ls_start = Xsavepos(ws, wp);                    \
+       ri = alloc(sizeof(struct sretrace_info), ATEMP);        \
+       Xinit(ri->xs, ri->xp, 64, ATEMP);                       \
+       ri->next = retrace_info;                                \
+       retrace_info = ri;                                      \
+} while (/* CONSTCOND */ 0)
+
+#define POP_SRETRACE() do {                                    \
+       wp = Xrestpos(ws, wp, statep->ls_start);                \
+       *retrace_info->xp = '\0';                               \
+       sp = Xstring(retrace_info->xs, retrace_info->xp);       \
+       dp = (void *)retrace_info;                              \
+       retrace_info = retrace_info->next;                      \
+       afree(dp, ATEMP);                                       \
+       POP_STATE();                                            \
+} while (/* CONSTCOND */ 0)
+
+/**
+ * Lexical analyser
+ *
+ * tokens are not regular expressions, they are LL(1).
+ * for example, "${var:-${PWD}}", and "$(size $(whence ksh))".
+ * hence the state stack. Note "$(...)" are now parsed recursively.
+ */
+
+int
+yylex(int cf)
+{
+       Lex_state states[STATE_BSIZE], *statep, *s2, *base;
+       State_info state_info;
+       int c, c2, state;
+       size_t cz;
+       XString ws;             /* expandable output word */
+       char *wp;               /* output word pointer */
+       char *sp, *dp;
+
+ Again:
+       states[0].type = SINVALID;
+       states[0].ls_base = NULL;
+       statep = &states[1];
+       state_info.base = states;
+       state_info.end = &state_info.base[STATE_BSIZE];
+
+       Xinit(ws, wp, 64, ATEMP);
+
+       backslash_skip = 0;
+       ignore_backslash_newline = 0;
+
+       if (cf & ONEWORD)
+               state = SWORD;
+       else if (cf & LETEXPR) {
+               /* enclose arguments in (double) quotes */
+               *wp++ = OQUOTE;
+               state = SLETPAREN;
+               statep->nparen = 0;
+       } else {
+               /* normal lexing */
+               state = (cf & HEREDELIM) ? SHEREDELIM : SBASE;
+               while ((c = getsc()) == ' ' || c == '\t')
+                       ;
+               if (c == '#') {
+                       ignore_backslash_newline++;
+                       while ((c = getsc()) != '\0' && c != '\n')
+                               ;
+                       ignore_backslash_newline--;
+               }
+               ungetsc(c);
+       }
+       if (source->flags & SF_ALIAS) {
+               /* trailing ' ' in alias definition */
+               source->flags &= ~SF_ALIAS;
+               /* POSIX: trailing space only counts if parsing simple cmd */
+               if (!Flag(FPOSIX) || (cf & CMDWORD))
+                       cf |= ALIAS;
+       }
+
+       /* Initial state: one of SWORD SLETPAREN SHEREDELIM SBASE */
+       statep->type = state;
+
+       /* collect non-special or quoted characters to form word */
+       while (!((c = getsc()) == 0 ||
+           ((state == SBASE || state == SHEREDELIM) && ctype(c, C_LEX1)))) {
+               if (state == SBASE &&
+                   subshell_nesting_type == /*{*/ '}' &&
+                   c == /*{*/ '}')
+                       /* possibly end ${ :;} */
+                       break;
+               Xcheck(ws, wp);
+               switch (state) {
+               case SADELIM:
+                       if (c == '(')
+                               statep->nparen++;
+                       else if (c == ')')
+                               statep->nparen--;
+                       else if (statep->nparen == 0 && (c == /*{*/ '}' ||
+                           c == (int)statep->ls_adelim.delimiter)) {
+                               *wp++ = ADELIM;
+                               *wp++ = c;
+                               if (c == /*{*/ '}' || --statep->ls_adelim.num == 0)
+                                       POP_STATE();
+                               if (c == /*{*/ '}')
+                                       POP_STATE();
+                               break;
+                       }
+                       /* FALLTHROUGH */
+               case SBASE:
+                       if (c == '[' && (cf & CMDASN)) {
+                               /* temporary */
+                               *wp = EOS;
+                               if (is_wdvarname(Xstring(ws, wp), false)) {
+                                       char *p, *tmp;
+
+                                       if (arraysub(&tmp)) {
+                                               *wp++ = CHAR;
+                                               *wp++ = c;
+                                               for (p = tmp; *p; ) {
+                                                       Xcheck(ws, wp);
+                                                       *wp++ = CHAR;
+                                                       *wp++ = *p++;
+                                               }
+                                               afree(tmp, ATEMP);
+                                               break;
+                                       } else {
+                                               Source *s;
+
+                                               s = pushs(SREREAD,
+                                                   source->areap);
+                                               s->start = s->str =
+                                                   s->u.freeme = tmp;
+                                               s->next = source;
+                                               source = s;
+                                       }
+                               }
+                               *wp++ = CHAR;
+                               *wp++ = c;
+                               break;
+                       }
+                       /* FALLTHROUGH */
+ Sbase1:               /* includes *(...|...) pattern (*+?@!) */
+                       if (c == '*' || c == '@' || c == '+' || c == '?' ||
+                           c == '!') {
+                               c2 = getsc();
+                               if (c2 == '(' /*)*/ ) {
+                                       *wp++ = OPAT;
+                                       *wp++ = c;
+                                       PUSH_STATE(SPATTERN);
+                                       break;
+                               }
+                               ungetsc(c2);
+                       }
+                       /* FALLTHROUGH */
+ Sbase2:               /* doesn't include *(...|...) pattern (*+?@!) */
+                       switch (c) {
+                       case '\\':
+ getsc_qchar:
+                               if ((c = getsc())) {
+                                       /* trailing \ is lost */
+                                       *wp++ = QCHAR;
+                                       *wp++ = c;
+                               }
+                               break;
+                       case '\'':
+ open_ssquote_unless_heredoc:
+                               if ((cf & HEREDOC))
+                                       goto store_char;
+                               *wp++ = OQUOTE;
+                               ignore_backslash_newline++;
+                               PUSH_STATE(SSQUOTE);
+                               break;
+                       case '"':
+ open_sdquote:
+                               *wp++ = OQUOTE;
+                               PUSH_STATE(SDQUOTE);
+                               break;
+                       case '$':
+                               /*
+                                * processing of dollar sign belongs into
+                                * Subst, except for those which can open
+                                * a string: $'…' and $"…"
+                                */
+ subst_dollar_ex:
+                               c = getsc();
+                               switch (c) {
+                               case '"':
+                                       goto open_sdquote;
+                               case '\'':
+                                       goto open_sequote;
+                               default:
+                                       goto SubstS;
+                               }
+                       default:
+                               goto Subst;
+                       }
+                       break;
+
+ Subst:
+                       switch (c) {
+                       case '\\':
+                               c = getsc();
+                               switch (c) {
+                               case '"':
+                                       if ((cf & HEREDOC))
+                                               goto heredocquote;
+                                       /* FALLTHROUGH */
+                               case '\\':
+                               case '$': case '`':
+ store_qchar:
+                                       *wp++ = QCHAR;
+                                       *wp++ = c;
+                                       break;
+                               default:
+ heredocquote:
+                                       Xcheck(ws, wp);
+                                       if (c) {
+                                               /* trailing \ is lost */
+                                               *wp++ = CHAR;
+                                               *wp++ = '\\';
+                                               *wp++ = CHAR;
+                                               *wp++ = c;
+                                       }
+                                       break;
+                               }
+                               break;
+                       case '$':
+                               c = getsc();
+ SubstS:
+                               if (c == '(') /*)*/ {
+                                       c = getsc();
+                                       if (c == '(') /*)*/ {
+                                               *wp++ = EXPRSUB;
+                                               PUSH_SRETRACE(SASPAREN);
+                                               statep->nparen = 2;
+                                               *retrace_info->xp++ = '(';
+                                       } else {
+                                               ungetsc(c);
+ subst_command:
+                                               c = COMSUB;
+ subst_command2:
+                                               sp = yyrecursive(c);
+                                               cz = strlen(sp) + 1;
+                                               XcheckN(ws, wp, cz);
+                                               *wp++ = c;
+                                               memcpy(wp, sp, cz);
+                                               wp += cz;
+                                       }
+                               } else if (c == '{') /*}*/ {
+                                       if ((c = getsc()) == '|') {
+                                               /*
+                                                * non-subenvironment
+                                                * value substitution
+                                                */
+                                               c = VALSUB;
+                                               goto subst_command2;
+                                       } else if (ctype(c, C_IFSWS)) {
+                                               /*
+                                                * non-subenvironment
+                                                * "command" substitution
+                                                */
+                                               c = FUNSUB;
+                                               goto subst_command2;
+                                       }
+                                       ungetsc(c);
+                                       *wp++ = OSUBST;
+                                       *wp++ = '{'; /*}*/
+                                       wp = get_brace_var(&ws, wp);
+                                       c = getsc();
+                                       /* allow :# and :% (ksh88 compat) */
+                                       if (c == ':') {
+                                               *wp++ = CHAR;
+                                               *wp++ = c;
+                                               c = getsc();
+                                               if (c == ':') {
+                                                       *wp++ = CHAR;
+                                                       *wp++ = '0';
+                                                       *wp++ = ADELIM;
+                                                       *wp++ = ':';
+                                                       PUSH_STATE(SBRACE);
+                                                       PUSH_STATE(SADELIM);
+                                                       statep->ls_adelim.delimiter = ':';
+                                                       statep->ls_adelim.num = 1;
+                                                       statep->nparen = 0;
+                                                       break;
+                                               } else if (ksh_isdigit(c) ||
+                                                   c == '('/*)*/ || c == ' ' ||
+                                                   /*XXX what else? */
+                                                   c == '$') {
+                                                       /* substring subst. */
+                                                       if (c != ' ') {
+                                                               *wp++ = CHAR;
+                                                               *wp++ = ' ';
+                                                       }
+                                                       ungetsc(c);
+                                                       PUSH_STATE(SBRACE);
+                                                       PUSH_STATE(SADELIM);
+                                                       statep->ls_adelim.delimiter = ':';
+                                                       statep->ls_adelim.num = 2;
+                                                       statep->nparen = 0;
+                                                       break;
+                                               }
+                                       } else if (c == '/') {
+                                               *wp++ = CHAR;
+                                               *wp++ = c;
+                                               if ((c = getsc()) == '/') {
+                                                       *wp++ = ADELIM;
+                                                       *wp++ = c;
+                                               } else
+                                                       ungetsc(c);
+                                               PUSH_STATE(SBRACE);
+                                               PUSH_STATE(SADELIM);
+                                               statep->ls_adelim.delimiter = '/';
+                                               statep->ls_adelim.num = 1;
+                                               statep->nparen = 0;
+                                               break;
+                                       }
+                                       /*
+                                        * If this is a trim operation,
+                                        * treat (,|,) specially in STBRACE.
+                                        */
+                                       if (ctype(c, C_SUBOP2)) {
+                                               ungetsc(c);
+                                               if (Flag(FSH))
+                                                       PUSH_STATE(STBRACEBOURNE);
+                                               else
+                                                       PUSH_STATE(STBRACEKORN);
+                                       } else {
+                                               ungetsc(c);
+                                               if (state == SDQUOTE ||
+                                                   state == SQBRACE)
+                                                       PUSH_STATE(SQBRACE);
+                                               else
+                                                       PUSH_STATE(SBRACE);
+                                       }
+                               } else if (ksh_isalphx(c)) {
+                                       *wp++ = OSUBST;
+                                       *wp++ = 'X';
+                                       do {
+                                               Xcheck(ws, wp);
+                                               *wp++ = c;
+                                               c = getsc();
+                                       } while (ksh_isalnux(c));
+                                       *wp++ = '\0';
+                                       *wp++ = CSUBST;
+                                       *wp++ = 'X';
+                                       ungetsc(c);
+                               } else if (ctype(c, C_VAR1 | C_DIGIT)) {
+                                       Xcheck(ws, wp);
+                                       *wp++ = OSUBST;
+                                       *wp++ = 'X';
+                                       *wp++ = c;
+                                       *wp++ = '\0';
+                                       *wp++ = CSUBST;
+                                       *wp++ = 'X';
+                               } else {
+                                       *wp++ = CHAR;
+                                       *wp++ = '$';
+                                       ungetsc(c);
+                               }
+                               break;
+                       case '`':
+ subst_gravis:
+                               PUSH_STATE(SBQUOTE);
+                               *wp++ = COMSUB;
+                               /*
+                                * We need to know whether we are within double
+                                * quotes in order to translate \" to " within
+                                * "…`…\"…`…" because, unlike for COMSUBs, the
+                                * outer double quoteing changes the backslash
+                                * meaning for the inside. For more details:
+                                * http://austingroupbugs.net/view.php?id=1015
+                                */
+                               statep->ls_bool = false;
+                               s2 = statep;
+                               base = state_info.base;
+                               while (/* CONSTCOND */ 1) {
+                                       for (; s2 != base; s2--) {
+                                               if (s2->type == SDQUOTE) {
+                                                       statep->ls_bool = true;
+                                                       break;
+                                               }
+                                       }
+                                       if (s2 != base)
+                                               break;
+                                       if (!(s2 = s2->ls_base))
+                                               break;
+                                       base = s2-- - STATE_BSIZE;
+                               }
+                               break;
+                       case QCHAR:
+                               if (cf & LQCHAR) {
+                                       *wp++ = QCHAR;
+                                       *wp++ = getsc();
+                                       break;
+                               }
+                               /* FALLTHROUGH */
+                       default:
+ store_char:
+                               *wp++ = CHAR;
+                               *wp++ = c;
+                       }
+                       break;
+
+               case SEQUOTE:
+                       if (c == '\'') {
+                               POP_STATE();
+                               *wp++ = CQUOTE;
+                               ignore_backslash_newline--;
+                       } else if (c == '\\') {
+                               if ((c2 = unbksl(true, getsc_i, ungetsc)) == -1)
+                                       c2 = getsc();
+                               if (c2 == 0)
+                                       statep->ls_bool = true;
+                               if (!statep->ls_bool) {
+                                       char ts[4];
+
+                                       if ((unsigned int)c2 < 0x100) {
+                                               *wp++ = QCHAR;
+                                               *wp++ = c2;
+                                       } else {
+                                               cz = utf_wctomb(ts, c2 - 0x100);
+                                               ts[cz] = 0;
+                                               cz = 0;
+                                               do {
+                                                       *wp++ = QCHAR;
+                                                       *wp++ = ts[cz];
+                                               } while (ts[++cz]);
+                                       }
+                               }
+                       } else if (!statep->ls_bool) {
+                               *wp++ = QCHAR;
+                               *wp++ = c;
+                       }
+                       break;
+
+               case SSQUOTE:
+                       if (c == '\'') {
+                               POP_STATE();
+                               if ((cf & HEREDOC) || state == SQBRACE)
+                                       goto store_char;
+                               *wp++ = CQUOTE;
+                               ignore_backslash_newline--;
+                       } else {
+                               *wp++ = QCHAR;
+                               *wp++ = c;
+                       }
+                       break;
+
+               case SDQUOTE:
+                       if (c == '"') {
+                               POP_STATE();
+                               *wp++ = CQUOTE;
+                       } else
+                               goto Subst;
+                       break;
+
+               /* $(( ... )) */
+               case SASPAREN:
+                       if (c == '(')
+                               statep->nparen++;
+                       else if (c == ')') {
+                               statep->nparen--;
+                               if (statep->nparen == 1) {
+                                       /* end of EXPRSUB */
+                                       POP_SRETRACE();
+
+                                       if ((c2 = getsc()) == /*(*/ ')') {
+                                               cz = strlen(sp) - 2;
+                                               XcheckN(ws, wp, cz);
+                                               memcpy(wp, sp + 1, cz);
+                                               wp += cz;
+                                               afree(sp, ATEMP);
+                                               *wp++ = '\0';
+                                               break;
+                                       } else {
+                                               Source *s;
+
+                                               ungetsc(c2);
+                                               /*
+                                                * mismatched parenthesis -
+                                                * assume we were really
+                                                * parsing a $(...) expression
+                                                */
+                                               --wp;
+                                               s = pushs(SREREAD,
+                                                   source->areap);
+                                               s->start = s->str =
+                                                   s->u.freeme = sp;
+                                               s->next = source;
+                                               source = s;
+                                               goto subst_command;
+                                       }
+                               }
+                       }
+                       /* reuse existing state machine */
+                       goto Sbase2;
+
+               case SQBRACE:
+                       if (c == '\\') {
+                               /*
+                                * perform POSIX "quote removal" if the back-
+                                * slash is "special", i.e. same cases as the
+                                * {case '\\':} in Subst: plus closing brace;
+                                * in mksh code "quote removal" on '\c' means
+                                * write QCHAR+c, otherwise CHAR+\+CHAR+c are
+                                * emitted (in heredocquote:)
+                                */
+                               if ((c = getsc()) == '"' || c == '\\' ||
+                                   c == '$' || c == '`' || c == /*{*/'}')
+                                       goto store_qchar;
+                               goto heredocquote;
+                       }
+                       goto common_SQBRACE;
+
+               case SBRACE:
+                       if (c == '\'')
+                               goto open_ssquote_unless_heredoc;
+                       else if (c == '\\')
+                               goto getsc_qchar;
+ common_SQBRACE:
+                       if (c == '"')
+                               goto open_sdquote;
+                       else if (c == '$')
+                               goto subst_dollar_ex;
+                       else if (c == '`')
+                               goto subst_gravis;
+                       else if (c != /*{*/ '}')
+                               goto store_char;
+                       POP_STATE();
+                       *wp++ = CSUBST;
+                       *wp++ = /*{*/ '}';
+                       break;
+
+               /* Same as SBASE, except (,|,) treated specially */
+               case STBRACEKORN:
+                       if (c == '|')
+                               *wp++ = SPAT;
+                       else if (c == '(') {
+                               *wp++ = OPAT;
+                               /* simile for @ */
+                               *wp++ = ' ';
+                               PUSH_STATE(SPATTERN);
+                       } else /* FALLTHROUGH */
+               case STBRACEBOURNE:
+                         if (c == /*{*/ '}') {
+                               POP_STATE();
+                               *wp++ = CSUBST;
+                               *wp++ = /*{*/ '}';
+                       } else
+                               goto Sbase1;
+                       break;
+
+               case SBQUOTE:
+                       if (c == '`') {
+                               *wp++ = 0;
+                               POP_STATE();
+                       } else if (c == '\\') {
+                               switch (c = getsc()) {
+                               case 0:
+                                       /* trailing \ is lost */
+                                       break;
+                               case '$':
+                               case '`':
+                               case '\\':
+                                       *wp++ = c;
+                                       break;
+                               case '"':
+                                       if (statep->ls_bool) {
+                                               *wp++ = c;
+                                               break;
+                                       }
+                                       /* FALLTHROUGH */
+                               default:
+                                       *wp++ = '\\';
+                                       *wp++ = c;
+                                       break;
+                               }
+                       } else
+                               *wp++ = c;
+                       break;
+
+               /* ONEWORD */
+               case SWORD:
+                       goto Subst;
+
+               /* LETEXPR: (( ... )) */
+               case SLETPAREN:
+                       if (c == /*(*/ ')') {
+                               if (statep->nparen > 0)
+                                       --statep->nparen;
+                               else if ((c2 = getsc()) == /*(*/ ')') {
+                                       c = 0;
+                                       *wp++ = CQUOTE;
+                                       goto Done;
+                               } else {
+                                       Source *s;
+
+                                       ungetsc(c2);
+                                       ungetsc(c);
+                                       /*
+                                        * mismatched parenthesis -
+                                        * assume we were really
+                                        * parsing a (...) expression
+                                        */
+                                       *wp = EOS;
+                                       sp = Xstring(ws, wp);
+                                       dp = wdstrip(sp + 1, WDS_TPUTS);
+                                       s = pushs(SREREAD, source->areap);
+                                       s->start = s->str = s->u.freeme = dp;
+                                       s->next = source;
+                                       source = s;
+                                       ungetsc('('/*)*/);
+                                       return ('('/*)*/);
+                               }
+                       } else if (c == '(')
+                               /*
+                                * parentheses inside quotes and
+                                * backslashes are lost, but AT&T ksh
+                                * doesn't count them either
+                                */
+                               ++statep->nparen;
+                       goto Sbase2;
+
+               /* << or <<- delimiter */
+               case SHEREDELIM:
+                       /*
+                        * here delimiters need a special case since
+                        * $ and `...` are not to be treated specially
+                        */
+                       switch (c) {
+                       case '\\':
+                               if ((c = getsc())) {
+                                       /* trailing \ is lost */
+                                       *wp++ = QCHAR;
+                                       *wp++ = c;
+                               }
+                               break;
+                       case '\'':
+                               goto open_ssquote_unless_heredoc;
+                       case '$':
+                               if ((c2 = getsc()) == '\'') {
+ open_sequote:
+                                       *wp++ = OQUOTE;
+                                       ignore_backslash_newline++;
+                                       PUSH_STATE(SEQUOTE);
+                                       statep->ls_bool = false;
+                                       break;
+                               } else if (c2 == '"') {
+                                       /* FALLTHROUGH */
+                       case '"':
+                                       PUSH_SRETRACE(SHEREDQUOTE);
+                                       break;
+                               }
+                               ungetsc(c2);
+                               /* FALLTHROUGH */
+                       default:
+                               *wp++ = CHAR;
+                               *wp++ = c;
+                       }
+                       break;
+
+               /* " in << or <<- delimiter */
+               case SHEREDQUOTE:
+                       if (c != '"')
+                               goto Subst;
+                       POP_SRETRACE();
+                       dp = strnul(sp) - 1;
+                       /* remove the trailing double quote */
+                       *dp = '\0';
+                       /* store the quoted string */
+                       *wp++ = OQUOTE;
+                       XcheckN(ws, wp, (dp - sp) * 2);
+                       dp = sp;
+                       while ((c = *dp++)) {
+                               if (c == '\\') {
+                                       switch ((c = *dp++)) {
+                                       case '\\':
+                                       case '"':
+                                       case '$':
+                                       case '`':
+                                               break;
+                                       default:
+                                               *wp++ = CHAR;
+                                               *wp++ = '\\';
+                                               break;
+                                       }
+                               }
+                               *wp++ = CHAR;
+                               *wp++ = c;
+                       }
+                       afree(sp, ATEMP);
+                       *wp++ = CQUOTE;
+                       state = statep->type = SHEREDELIM;
+                       break;
+
+               /* in *(...|...) pattern (*+?@!) */
+               case SPATTERN:
+                       if (c == /*(*/ ')') {
+                               *wp++ = CPAT;
+                               POP_STATE();
+                       } else if (c == '|') {
+                               *wp++ = SPAT;
+                       } else if (c == '(') {
+                               *wp++ = OPAT;
+                               /* simile for @ */
+                               *wp++ = ' ';
+                               PUSH_STATE(SPATTERN);
+                       } else
+                               goto Sbase1;
+                       break;
+               }
+       }
+ Done:
+       Xcheck(ws, wp);
+       if (statep != &states[1])
+               /* XXX figure out what is missing */
+               yyerror("no closing quote\n");
+
+       /* This done to avoid tests for SHEREDELIM wherever SBASE tested */
+       if (state == SHEREDELIM)
+               state = SBASE;
+
+       dp = Xstring(ws, wp);
+       if (state == SBASE && (
+#ifndef MKSH_LEGACY_MODE
+           (c == '&' && !Flag(FSH) && !Flag(FPOSIX)) ||
+#endif
+           c == '<' || c == '>')) {
+               struct ioword *iop = alloc(sizeof(struct ioword), ATEMP);
+
+               if (Xlength(ws, wp) == 0)
+                       iop->unit = c == '<' ? 0 : 1;
+               else for (iop->unit = 0, c2 = 0; c2 < Xlength(ws, wp); c2 += 2) {
+                       if (dp[c2] != CHAR)
+                               goto no_iop;
+                       if (!ksh_isdigit(dp[c2 + 1]))
+                               goto no_iop;
+                       iop->unit = iop->unit * 10 + ksh_numdig(dp[c2 + 1]);
+                       if (iop->unit >= FDBASE)
+                               goto no_iop;
+               }
+
+               if (c == '&') {
+                       if ((c2 = getsc()) != '>') {
+                               ungetsc(c2);
+                               goto no_iop;
+                       }
+                       c = c2;
+                       iop->ioflag = IOBASH;
+               } else
+                       iop->ioflag = 0;
+
+               c2 = getsc();
+               /* <<, >>, <> are ok, >< is not */
+               if (c == c2 || (c == '<' && c2 == '>')) {
+                       iop->ioflag |= c == c2 ?
+                           (c == '>' ? IOCAT : IOHERE) : IORDWR;
+                       if (iop->ioflag == IOHERE) {
+                               if ((c2 = getsc()) == '-')
+                                       iop->ioflag |= IOSKIP;
+                               else if (c2 == '<')
+                                       iop->ioflag |= IOHERESTR;
+                               else
+                                       ungetsc(c2);
+                       }
+               } else if (c2 == '&')
+                       iop->ioflag |= IODUP | (c == '<' ? IORDUP : 0);
+               else {
+                       iop->ioflag |= c == '>' ? IOWRITE : IOREAD;
+                       if (c == '>' && c2 == '|')
+                               iop->ioflag |= IOCLOB;
+                       else
+                               ungetsc(c2);
+               }
+
+               iop->ioname = NULL;
+               iop->delim = NULL;
+               iop->heredoc = NULL;
+               /* free word */
+               Xfree(ws, wp);
+               yylval.iop = iop;
+               return (REDIR);
+ no_iop:
+               afree(iop, ATEMP);
+       }
+
+       if (wp == dp && state == SBASE) {
+               /* free word */
+               Xfree(ws, wp);
+               /* no word, process LEX1 character */
+               if ((c == '|') || (c == '&') || (c == ';') || (c == '('/*)*/)) {
+                       if ((c2 = getsc()) == c)
+                               c = (c == ';') ? BREAK :
+                                   (c == '|') ? LOGOR :
+                                   (c == '&') ? LOGAND :
+                                   /* c == '(' ) */ MDPAREN;
+                       else if (c == '|' && c2 == '&')
+                               c = COPROC;
+                       else if (c == ';' && c2 == '|')
+                               c = BRKEV;
+                       else if (c == ';' && c2 == '&')
+                               c = BRKFT;
+                       else
+                               ungetsc(c2);
+#ifndef MKSH_SMALL
+                       if (c == BREAK) {
+                               if ((c2 = getsc()) == '&')
+                                       c = BRKEV;
+                               else
+                                       ungetsc(c2);
+                       }
+#endif
+               } else if (c == '\n') {
+                       if (cf & HEREDELIM)
+                               ungetsc(c);
+                       else {
+                               gethere();
+                               if (cf & CONTIN)
+                                       goto Again;
+                       }
+               } else if (c == '\0' && !(cf & HEREDELIM)) {
+                       struct ioword **p = heres;
+
+                       while (p < herep)
+                               if ((*p)->ioflag & IOHERESTR)
+                                       ++p;
+                               else
+                                       /* ksh -c 'cat <<EOF' can cause this */
+                                       yyerror("here document '%s' unclosed\n",
+                                           evalstr((*p)->delim, 0));
+               }
+               return (c);
+       }
+
+       /* terminate word */
+       *wp++ = EOS;
+       yylval.cp = Xclose(ws, wp);
+       if (state == SWORD || state == SLETPAREN
+           /* XXX ONEWORD? */)
+               return (LWORD);
+
+       /* unget terminator */
+       ungetsc(c);
+
+       /*
+        * note: the alias-vs-function code below depends on several
+        * interna: starting from here, source->str is not modified;
+        * the way getsc() and ungetsc() operate; etc.
+        */
+
+       /* copy word to unprefixed string ident */
+       sp = yylval.cp;
+       dp = ident;
+       while ((dp - ident) < IDENT && (c = *sp++) == CHAR)
+               *dp++ = *sp++;
+       if (c != EOS)
+               /* word is not unquoted */
+               dp = ident;
+       /* make sure the ident array stays NUL padded */
+       memset(dp, 0, (ident + IDENT) - dp + 1);
+
+       if (!(cf & (KEYWORD | ALIAS)))
+               return (LWORD);
+
+       if (*ident != '\0') {
+               struct tbl *p;
+               uint32_t h = hash(ident);
+
+               if ((cf & KEYWORD) && (p = ktsearch(&keywords, ident, h)) &&
+                   (!(cf & ESACONLY) || p->val.i == ESAC ||
+                   p->val.i == /*{*/ '}')) {
+                       afree(yylval.cp, ATEMP);
+                       return (p->val.i);
+               }
+               if ((cf & ALIAS) && (p = ktsearch(&aliases, ident, h)) &&
+                   (p->flag & ISSET)) {
+                       /*
+                        * this still points to the same character as the
+                        * ungetsc'd terminator from above
+                        */
+                       const char *cp = source->str;
+
+                       /* prefer POSIX but not Korn functions over aliases */
+                       while (*cp == ' ' || *cp == '\t')
+                               /*
+                                * this is like getsc() without skipping
+                                * over Source boundaries (including not
+                                * parsing ungetsc'd characters that got
+                                * pushed into an SREREAD) which is what
+                                * we want here anyway: find out whether
+                                * the alias name is followed by a POSIX
+                                * function definition
+                                */
+                               ++cp;
+                       /* prefer functions over aliases */
+                       if (cp[0] != '(' || cp[1] != ')') {
+                               Source *s = source;
+
+                               while (s && (s->flags & SF_HASALIAS))
+                                       if (s->u.tblp == p)
+                                               return (LWORD);
+                                       else
+                                               s = s->next;
+                               /* push alias expansion */
+                               s = pushs(SALIAS, source->areap);
+                               s->start = s->str = p->val.s;
+                               s->u.tblp = p;
+                               s->flags |= SF_HASALIAS;
+                               s->next = source;
+                               if (source->type == SEOF) {
+                                       /* prevent infinite recursion at EOS */
+                                       source->u.tblp = p;
+                                       source->flags |= SF_HASALIAS;
+                               }
+                               source = s;
+                               afree(yylval.cp, ATEMP);
+                               goto Again;
+                       }
+               }
+       } else if (cf & ALIAS) {
+               /* retain typeset et al. even when quoted */
+               if (assign_command((dp = wdstrip(yylval.cp, 0)), true))
+                       strlcpy(ident, dp, sizeof(ident));
+               afree(dp, ATEMP);
+       }
+
+       return (LWORD);
+}
+
+static void
+gethere(void)
+{
+       struct ioword **p;
+
+       for (p = heres; p < herep; p++)
+               if (!((*p)->ioflag & IOHERESTR))
+                       readhere(*p);
+       herep = heres;
+}
+
+/*
+ * read "<<word" text into temp file
+ */
+
+static void
+readhere(struct ioword *iop)
+{
+       int c;
+       const char *eof, *eofp;
+       XString xs;
+       char *xp;
+       size_t xpos;
+
+       eof = evalstr(iop->delim, 0);
+
+       if (!(iop->ioflag & IOEVAL))
+               ignore_backslash_newline++;
+
+       Xinit(xs, xp, 256, ATEMP);
+
+ heredoc_read_line:
+       /* beginning of line */
+       eofp = eof;
+       xpos = Xsavepos(xs, xp);
+       if (iop->ioflag & IOSKIP) {
+               /* skip over leading tabs */
+               while ((c = getsc()) == '\t')
+                       ;       /* nothing */
+               goto heredoc_parse_char;
+       }
+ heredoc_read_char:
+       c = getsc();
+ heredoc_parse_char:
+       /* compare with here document marker */
+       if (!*eofp) {
+               /* end of here document marker, what to do? */
+               switch (c) {
+               case /*(*/ ')':
+                       if (!subshell_nesting_type)
+                               /*-
+                                * not allowed outside $(...) or (...)
+                                * => mismatch
+                                */
+                               break;
+                       /* allow $(...) or (...) to close here */
+                       ungetsc(/*(*/ ')');
+                       /* FALLTHROUGH */
+               case 0:
+                       /*
+                        * Allow EOF here to commands without trailing
+                        * newlines (mksh -c '...') will work as well.
+                        */
+               case '\n':
+                       /* Newline terminates here document marker */
+                       goto heredoc_found_terminator;
+               }
+       } else if (c == *eofp++)
+               /* store; then read and compare next character */
+               goto heredoc_store_and_loop;
+       /* nope, mismatch; read until end of line */
+       while (c != '\n') {
+               if (!c)
+                       /* oops, reached EOF */
+                       yyerror("here document '%s' unclosed\n", eof);
+               /* store character */
+               Xcheck(xs, xp);
+               Xput(xs, xp, c);
+               /* read next character */
+               c = getsc();
+       }
+       /* we read a newline as last character */
+ heredoc_store_and_loop:
+       /* store character */
+       Xcheck(xs, xp);
+       Xput(xs, xp, c);
+       if (c == '\n')
+               goto heredoc_read_line;
+       goto heredoc_read_char;
+
+ heredoc_found_terminator:
+       /* jump back to saved beginning of line */
+       xp = Xrestpos(xs, xp, xpos);
+       /* terminate, close and store */
+       Xput(xs, xp, '\0');
+       iop->heredoc = Xclose(xs, xp);
+
+       if (!(iop->ioflag & IOEVAL))
+               ignore_backslash_newline--;
+}
+
+void
+yyerror(const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+       va_list va;
+
+       /* pop aliases and re-reads */
+       while (source->type == SALIAS || source->type == SREREAD)
+               source = source->next;
+       /* zap pending input */
+       source->str = null;
+
+       error_prefix(true);
+       va_start(va, fmt);
+       shf_vfprintf(shl_out, fmt, va);
+       va_end(va);
+       errorfz();
+}
+
+/*
+ * input for yylex with alias expansion
+ */
+
+Source *
+pushs(int type, Area *areap)
+{
+       Source *s;
+
+       s = alloc(sizeof(Source), areap);
+       memset(s, 0, sizeof(Source));
+       s->type = type;
+       s->str = null;
+       s->areap = areap;
+       if (type == SFILE || type == SSTDIN)
+               XinitN(s->xs, 256, s->areap);
+       return (s);
+}
+
+static int
+getsc_uu(void)
+{
+       Source *s = source;
+       int c;
+
+       while ((c = *s->str++) == 0) {
+               /* return 0 for EOF by default */
+               s->str = NULL;
+               switch (s->type) {
+               case SEOF:
+                       s->str = null;
+                       return (0);
+
+               case SSTDIN:
+               case SFILE:
+                       getsc_line(s);
+                       break;
+
+               case SWSTR:
+                       break;
+
+               case SSTRING:
+               case SSTRINGCMDLINE:
+                       break;
+
+               case SWORDS:
+                       s->start = s->str = *s->u.strv++;
+                       s->type = SWORDSEP;
+                       break;
+
+               case SWORDSEP:
+                       if (*s->u.strv == NULL) {
+                               s->start = s->str = "\n";
+                               s->type = SEOF;
+                       } else {
+                               s->start = s->str = " ";
+                               s->type = SWORDS;
+                       }
+                       break;
+
+               case SALIAS:
+                       if (s->flags & SF_ALIASEND) {
+                               /* pass on an unused SF_ALIAS flag */
+                               source = s->next;
+                               source->flags |= s->flags & SF_ALIAS;
+                               s = source;
+                       } else if (*s->u.tblp->val.s &&
+                           (c = strnul(s->u.tblp->val.s)[-1], ksh_isspace(c))) {
+                               /* pop source stack */
+                               source = s = s->next;
+                               /*
+                                * Note that this alias ended with a
+                                * space, enabling alias expansion on
+                                * the following word.
+                                */
+                               s->flags |= SF_ALIAS;
+                       } else {
+                               /*
+                                * At this point, we need to keep the current
+                                * alias in the source list so recursive
+                                * aliases can be detected and we also need to
+                                * return the next character. Do this by
+                                * temporarily popping the alias to get the
+                                * next character and then put it back in the
+                                * source list with the SF_ALIASEND flag set.
+                                */
+                               /* pop source stack */
+                               source = s->next;
+                               source->flags |= s->flags & SF_ALIAS;
+                               c = getsc_uu();
+                               if (c) {
+                                       s->flags |= SF_ALIASEND;
+                                       s->ugbuf[0] = c; s->ugbuf[1] = '\0';
+                                       s->start = s->str = s->ugbuf;
+                                       s->next = source;
+                                       source = s;
+                               } else {
+                                       s = source;
+                                       /* avoid reading EOF twice */
+                                       s->str = NULL;
+                                       break;
+                               }
+                       }
+                       continue;
+
+               case SREREAD:
+                       if (s->start != s->ugbuf)
+                               /* yuck */
+                               afree(s->u.freeme, ATEMP);
+                       source = s = s->next;
+                       continue;
+               }
+               if (s->str == NULL) {
+                       s->type = SEOF;
+                       s->start = s->str = null;
+                       return ('\0');
+               }
+               if (s->flags & SF_ECHO) {
+                       shf_puts(s->str, shl_out);
+                       shf_flush(shl_out);
+               }
+       }
+       return (c);
+}
+
+static void
+getsc_line(Source *s)
+{
+       char *xp = Xstring(s->xs, xp), *cp;
+       bool interactive = Flag(FTALKING) && s->type == SSTDIN;
+       bool have_tty = tobool(interactive && (s->flags & SF_TTY));
+
+       /* Done here to ensure nothing odd happens when a timeout occurs */
+       XcheckN(s->xs, xp, LINE);
+       *xp = '\0';
+       s->start = s->str = xp;
+
+       if (have_tty && ksh_tmout) {
+               ksh_tmout_state = TMOUT_READING;
+               alarm(ksh_tmout);
+       }
+       if (interactive) {
+               histsave(&s->line, NULL, HIST_FLUSH, true);
+               change_winsz();
+       }
+#ifndef MKSH_NO_CMDLINE_EDITING
+       if (have_tty && (
+#if !MKSH_S_NOVI
+           Flag(FVI) ||
+#endif
+           Flag(FEMACS) || Flag(FGMACS))) {
+               int nread;
+
+               nread = x_read(xp);
+               if (nread < 0)
+                       /* read error */
+                       nread = 0;
+               xp[nread] = '\0';
+               xp += nread;
+       } else
+#endif
+         {
+               if (interactive)
+                       pprompt(prompt, 0);
+               else
+                       s->line++;
+
+               while (/* CONSTCOND */ 1) {
+                       char *p = shf_getse(xp, Xnleft(s->xs, xp), s->u.shf);
+
+                       if (!p && shf_error(s->u.shf) &&
+                           shf_errno(s->u.shf) == EINTR) {
+                               shf_clearerr(s->u.shf);
+                               if (trap)
+                                       runtraps(0);
+                               continue;
+                       }
+                       if (!p || (xp = p, xp[-1] == '\n'))
+                               break;
+                       /* double buffer size */
+                       /* move past NUL so doubling works... */
+                       xp++;
+                       XcheckN(s->xs, xp, Xlength(s->xs, xp));
+                       /* ...and move back again */
+                       xp--;
+               }
+               /*
+                * flush any unwanted input so other programs/builtins
+                * can read it. Not very optimal, but less error prone
+                * than flushing else where, dealing with redirections,
+                * etc.
+                * TODO: reduce size of shf buffer (~128?) if SSTDIN
+                */
+               if (s->type == SSTDIN)
+                       shf_flush(s->u.shf);
+       }
+       /*
+        * XXX: temporary kludge to restore source after a
+        * trap may have been executed.
+        */
+       source = s;
+       if (have_tty && ksh_tmout) {
+               ksh_tmout_state = TMOUT_EXECUTING;
+               alarm(0);
+       }
+       cp = Xstring(s->xs, xp);
+       rndpush(cp);
+       s->start = s->str = cp;
+       strip_nuls(Xstring(s->xs, xp), Xlength(s->xs, xp));
+       /* Note: if input is all nulls, this is not eof */
+       if (Xlength(s->xs, xp) == 0) {
+               /* EOF */
+               if (s->type == SFILE)
+                       shf_fdclose(s->u.shf);
+               s->str = NULL;
+       } else if (interactive && *s->str) {
+               if (cur_prompt != PS1)
+                       histsave(&s->line, s->str, HIST_APPEND, true);
+               else if (!ctype(*s->str, C_IFS | C_IFSWS))
+                       histsave(&s->line, s->str, HIST_QUEUE, true);
+#if !defined(MKSH_SMALL) && HAVE_PERSISTENT_HISTORY
+               else
+                       goto check_for_sole_return;
+       } else if (interactive && cur_prompt == PS1) {
+ check_for_sole_return:
+               cp = Xstring(s->xs, xp);
+               while (*cp && ctype(*cp, C_IFSWS))
+                       ++cp;
+               if (!*cp) {
+                       histsave(&s->line, NULL, HIST_FLUSH, true);
+                       histsync();
+               }
+#endif
+       }
+       if (interactive)
+               set_prompt(PS2, NULL);
+}
+
+void
+set_prompt(int to, Source *s)
+{
+       cur_prompt = (uint8_t)to;
+
+       switch (to) {
+       /* command */
+       case PS1:
+               /*
+                * Substitute ! and !! here, before substitutions are done
+                * so ! in expanded variables are not expanded.
+                * NOTE: this is not what AT&T ksh does (it does it after
+                * substitutions, POSIX doesn't say which is to be done.
+                */
+               {
+                       struct shf *shf;
+                       char * volatile ps1;
+                       Area *saved_atemp;
+                       int saved_lineno;
+
+                       ps1 = str_val(global("PS1"));
+                       shf = shf_sopen(NULL, strlen(ps1) * 2,
+                           SHF_WR | SHF_DYNAMIC, NULL);
+                       while (*ps1)
+                               if (*ps1 != '!' || *++ps1 == '!')
+                                       shf_putchar(*ps1++, shf);
+                               else
+                                       shf_fprintf(shf, "%lu", s ?
+                                           (unsigned long)s->line + 1 : 0UL);
+                       ps1 = shf_sclose(shf);
+                       saved_lineno = current_lineno;
+                       if (s)
+                               current_lineno = s->line + 1;
+                       saved_atemp = ATEMP;
+                       newenv(E_ERRH);
+                       if (kshsetjmp(e->jbuf)) {
+                               prompt = safe_prompt;
+                               /*
+                                * Don't print an error - assume it has already
+                                * been printed. Reason is we may have forked
+                                * to run a command and the child may be
+                                * unwinding its stack through this code as it
+                                * exits.
+                                */
+                       } else {
+                               char *cp = substitute(ps1, 0);
+                               strdupx(prompt, cp, saved_atemp);
+                       }
+                       current_lineno = saved_lineno;
+                       quitenv(NULL);
+               }
+               break;
+       /* command continuation */
+       case PS2:
+               prompt = str_val(global("PS2"));
+               break;
+       }
+}
+
+int
+pprompt(const char *cp, int ntruncate)
+{
+       char delimiter = 0;
+       bool doprint = (ntruncate != -1);
+       bool indelimit = false;
+       int columns = 0, lines = 0;
+
+       /*
+        * Undocumented AT&T ksh feature:
+        * If the second char in the prompt string is \r then the first
+        * char is taken to be a non-printing delimiter and any chars
+        * between two instances of the delimiter are not considered to
+        * be part of the prompt length
+        */
+       if (*cp && cp[1] == '\r') {
+               delimiter = *cp;
+               cp += 2;
+       }
+       for (; *cp; cp++) {
+               if (indelimit && *cp != delimiter)
+                       ;
+               else if (*cp == '\n' || *cp == '\r') {
+                       lines += columns / x_cols + ((*cp == '\n') ? 1 : 0);
+                       columns = 0;
+               } else if (*cp == '\t') {
+                       columns = (columns | 7) + 1;
+               } else if (*cp == '\b') {
+                       if (columns > 0)
+                               columns--;
+               } else if (*cp == delimiter)
+                       indelimit = !indelimit;
+               else if (UTFMODE && ((unsigned char)*cp > 0x7F)) {
+                       const char *cp2;
+                       columns += utf_widthadj(cp, &cp2);
+                       if (doprint && (indelimit ||
+                           (ntruncate < (x_cols * lines + columns))))
+                               shf_write(cp, cp2 - cp, shl_out);
+                       cp = cp2 - /* loop increment */ 1;
+                       continue;
+               } else
+                       columns++;
+               if (doprint && (*cp != delimiter) &&
+                   (indelimit || (ntruncate < (x_cols * lines + columns))))
+                       shf_putc(*cp, shl_out);
+       }
+       if (doprint)
+               shf_flush(shl_out);
+       return (x_cols * lines + columns);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Read the variable part of a ${...} expression (i.e. up to but not
+ * including the :[-+?=#%] or close-brace).
+ */
+static char *
+get_brace_var(XString *wsp, char *wp)
+{
+       char c;
+       enum parse_state {
+               PS_INITIAL, PS_SAW_HASH, PS_IDENT,
+               PS_NUMBER, PS_VAR1
+       } state = PS_INITIAL;
+
+       while (/* CONSTCOND */ 1) {
+               c = getsc();
+               /* State machine to figure out where the variable part ends. */
+               switch (state) {
+               case PS_INITIAL:
+                       if (c == '#' || c == '!' || c == '%') {
+                               state = PS_SAW_HASH;
+                               break;
+                       }
+                       /* FALLTHROUGH */
+               case PS_SAW_HASH:
+                       if (ksh_isalphx(c))
+                               state = PS_IDENT;
+                       else if (ksh_isdigit(c))
+                               state = PS_NUMBER;
+                       else if (c == '#') {
+                               if (state == PS_SAW_HASH) {
+                                       char c2;
+
+                                       c2 = getsc();
+                                       ungetsc(c2);
+                                       if (c2 != /*{*/ '}') {
+                                               ungetsc(c);
+                                               goto out;
+                                       }
+                               }
+                               state = PS_VAR1;
+                       } else if (ctype(c, C_VAR1))
+                               state = PS_VAR1;
+                       else
+                               goto out;
+                       break;
+               case PS_IDENT:
+                       if (!ksh_isalnux(c)) {
+                               if (c == '[') {
+                                       char *tmp, *p;
+
+                                       if (!arraysub(&tmp))
+                                               yyerror("missing ]\n");
+                                       *wp++ = c;
+                                       for (p = tmp; *p; ) {
+                                               Xcheck(*wsp, wp);
+                                               *wp++ = *p++;
+                                       }
+                                       afree(tmp, ATEMP);
+                                       /* the ] */
+                                       c = getsc();
+                               }
+                               goto out;
+                       }
+                       break;
+               case PS_NUMBER:
+                       if (!ksh_isdigit(c))
+                               goto out;
+                       break;
+               case PS_VAR1:
+                       goto out;
+               }
+               Xcheck(*wsp, wp);
+               *wp++ = c;
+       }
+ out:
+       /* end of variable part */
+       *wp++ = '\0';
+       ungetsc(c);
+       return (wp);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Save an array subscript - returns true if matching bracket found, false
+ * if eof or newline was found.
+ * (Returned string double null terminated)
+ */
+static bool
+arraysub(char **strp)
+{
+       XString ws;
+       char *wp, c;
+       /* we are just past the initial [ */
+       unsigned int depth = 1;
+
+       Xinit(ws, wp, 32, ATEMP);
+
+       do {
+               c = getsc();
+               Xcheck(ws, wp);
+               *wp++ = c;
+               if (c == '[')
+                       depth++;
+               else if (c == ']')
+                       depth--;
+       } while (depth > 0 && c && c != '\n');
+
+       *wp++ = '\0';
+       *strp = Xclose(ws, wp);
+
+       return (tobool(depth == 0));
+}
+
+/* Unget a char: handles case when we are already at the start of the buffer */
+static void
+ungetsc(int c)
+{
+       struct sretrace_info *rp = retrace_info;
+
+       if (backslash_skip)
+               backslash_skip--;
+       /* Don't unget EOF... */
+       if (source->str == null && c == '\0')
+               return;
+       while (rp) {
+               if (Xlength(rp->xs, rp->xp))
+                       rp->xp--;
+               rp = rp->next;
+       }
+       ungetsc_i(c);
+}
+static void
+ungetsc_i(int c)
+{
+       if (source->str > source->start)
+               source->str--;
+       else {
+               Source *s;
+
+               s = pushs(SREREAD, source->areap);
+               s->ugbuf[0] = c; s->ugbuf[1] = '\0';
+               s->start = s->str = s->ugbuf;
+               s->next = source;
+               source = s;
+       }
+}
+
+
+/* Called to get a char that isn't a \newline sequence. */
+static int
+getsc_bn(void)
+{
+       int c, c2;
+
+       if (ignore_backslash_newline)
+               return (o_getsc_u());
+
+       if (backslash_skip == 1) {
+               backslash_skip = 2;
+               return (o_getsc_u());
+       }
+
+       backslash_skip = 0;
+
+       while (/* CONSTCOND */ 1) {
+               c = o_getsc_u();
+               if (c == '\\') {
+                       if ((c2 = o_getsc_u()) == '\n')
+                               /* ignore the \newline; get the next char... */
+                               continue;
+                       ungetsc_i(c2);
+                       backslash_skip = 1;
+               }
+               return (c);
+       }
+}
+
+void
+yyskiputf8bom(void)
+{
+       int c;
+
+       if ((unsigned char)(c = o_getsc_u()) != 0xEF) {
+               ungetsc_i(c);
+               return;
+       }
+       if ((unsigned char)(c = o_getsc_u()) != 0xBB) {
+               ungetsc_i(c);
+               ungetsc_i(0xEF);
+               return;
+       }
+       if ((unsigned char)(c = o_getsc_u()) != 0xBF) {
+               ungetsc_i(c);
+               ungetsc_i(0xBB);
+               ungetsc_i(0xEF);
+               return;
+       }
+       UTFMODE |= 8;
+}
+
+static Lex_state *
+push_state_i(State_info *si, Lex_state *old_end)
+{
+       Lex_state *news = alloc2(STATE_BSIZE, sizeof(Lex_state), ATEMP);
+
+       news[0].ls_base = old_end;
+       si->base = &news[0];
+       si->end = &news[STATE_BSIZE];
+       return (&news[1]);
+}
+
+static Lex_state *
+pop_state_i(State_info *si, Lex_state *old_end)
+{
+       Lex_state *old_base = si->base;
+
+       si->base = old_end->ls_base - STATE_BSIZE;
+       si->end = old_end->ls_base;
+
+       afree(old_base, ATEMP);
+
+       return (si->base + STATE_BSIZE - 1);
+}
diff --git a/source/sh/lksh.1 b/source/sh/lksh.1
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..a1a8337
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,360 @@
+.\" $MirOS: src/bin/mksh/lksh.1,v 1.17 2016/02/11 20:12:09 tg Exp $
+.\"-
+.\" Copyright (c) 2008, 2009, 2010, 2012, 2013, 2015, 2016
+.\"    mirabilos <m@mirbsd.org>
+.\"
+.\" Provided that these terms and disclaimer and all copyright notices
+.\" are retained or reproduced in an accompanying document, permission
+.\" is granted to deal in this work without restriction, including un‐
+.\" limited rights to use, publicly perform, distribute, sell, modify,
+.\" merge, give away, or sublicence.
+.\"
+.\" This work is provided “AS IS” and WITHOUT WARRANTY of any kind, to
+.\" the utmost extent permitted by applicable law, neither express nor
+.\" implied; without malicious intent or gross negligence. In no event
+.\" may a licensor, author or contributor be held liable for indirect,
+.\" direct, other damage, loss, or other issues arising in any way out
+.\" of dealing in the work, even if advised of the possibility of such
+.\" damage or existence of a defect, except proven that it results out
+.\" of said person’s immediate fault when using the work as intended.
+.\"-
+.\" Try to make GNU groff and AT&T nroff more compatible
+.\" * ` generates ‘ in gnroff, so use \`
+.\" * ' generates ’ in gnroff, \' generates ´, so use \*(aq
+.\" * - generates ‐ in gnroff, \- generates −, so .tr it to -
+.\"   thus use - for hyphens and \- for minus signs and option dashes
+.\" * ~ is size-reduced and placed atop in groff, so use \*(TI
+.\" * ^ is size-reduced and placed atop in groff, so use \*(ha
+.\" * \(en does not work in nroff, so use \*(en
+.\" * <>| are problematic, so redefine and use \*(Lt\*(Gt\*(Ba
+.\" Also make sure to use \& *before* a punctuation char that is to not
+.\" be interpreted as punctuation, and especially with two-letter words
+.\" but also (after) a period that does not end a sentence (“e.g.\&”).
+.\" The section after the "doc" macropackage has been loaded contains
+.\" additional code to convene between the UCB mdoc macropackage (and
+.\" its variant as BSD mdoc in groff) and the GNU mdoc macropackage.
+.\"
+.ie \n(.g \{\
+.      if \ 1\*[.T]\ 1ascii\ 1 .tr \-\N'45'
+.      if \ 1\*[.T]\ 1latin1\ 1 .tr \-\N'45'
+.      if \ 1\*[.T]\ 1utf8\ 1 .tr \-\N'45'
+.      ds <= \[<=]
+.      ds >= \[>=]
+.      ds Rq \[rq]
+.      ds Lq \[lq]
+.      ds sL \(aq
+.      ds sR \(aq
+.      if \ 1\*[.T]\ 1utf8\ 1 .ds sL `
+.      if \ 1\*[.T]\ 1ps\ 1 .ds sL `
+.      if \ 1\*[.T]\ 1utf8\ 1 .ds sR '
+.      if \ 1\*[.T]\ 1ps\ 1 .ds sR '
+.      ds aq \(aq
+.      ds TI \(ti
+.      ds ha \(ha
+.      ds en \(en
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.      ds aq '
+.      ds TI ~
+.      ds ha ^
+.      ds en \(em
+.\}
+.\"
+.\" Implement .Dd with the Mdocdate RCS keyword
+.\"
+.rn Dd xD
+.de Dd
+.ie \a\\$1\a$Mdocdate:\a \{\
+.      xD \\$2 \\$3, \\$4
+.\}
+.el .xD \\$1 \\$2 \\$3 \\$4 \\$5 \\$6 \\$7 \\$8
+..
+.\"
+.\" .Dd must come before definition of .Mx, because when called
+.\" with -mandoc, it might implement .Mx itself, but we want to
+.\" use our own definition. And .Dd must come *first*, always.
+.\"
+.Dd $Mdocdate: February 11 2016 $
+.\"
+.\" Check which macro package we use, and do other -mdoc setup.
+.\"
+.ie \n(.g \{\
+.      if \ 1\*[.T]\ 1utf8\ 1 .tr \[la]\*(Lt
+.      if \ 1\*[.T]\ 1utf8\ 1 .tr \[ra]\*(Gt
+.      ie d volume-ds-1 .ds tT gnu
+.      el .ds tT bsd
+.\}
+.el .ds tT ucb
+.\"
+.\" Implement .Mx (MirBSD)
+.\"
+.ie "\*(tT"gnu" \{\
+.      eo
+.      de Mx
+.      nr curr-font \n[.f]
+.      nr curr-size \n[.ps]
+.      ds str-Mx \f[\n[curr-font]]\s[\n[curr-size]u]
+.      ds str-Mx1 \*[Tn-font-size]\%MirOS\*[str-Mx]
+.      if !\n[arg-limit] \
+.      if \n[.$] \{\
+.      ds macro-name Mx
+.      parse-args \$@
+.      \}
+.      if (\n[arg-limit] > \n[arg-ptr]) \{\
+.      nr arg-ptr +1
+.      ie (\n[type\n[arg-ptr]] == 2) \
+.      as str-Mx1 \~\*[arg\n[arg-ptr]]
+.      el \
+.      nr arg-ptr -1
+.      \}
+.      ds arg\n[arg-ptr] "\*[str-Mx1]
+.      nr type\n[arg-ptr] 2
+.      ds space\n[arg-ptr] "\*[space]
+.      nr num-args (\n[arg-limit] - \n[arg-ptr])
+.      nr arg-limit \n[arg-ptr]
+.      if \n[num-args] \
+.      parse-space-vector
+.      print-recursive
+..
+.      ec
+.      ds sP \s0
+.      ds tN \*[Tn-font-size]
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.      de Mx
+.      nr cF \\n(.f
+.      nr cZ \\n(.s
+.      ds aa \&\f\\n(cF\s\\n(cZ
+.      if \\n(aC==0 \{\
+.              ie \\n(.$==0 \&MirOS\\*(aa
+.              el .aV \\$1 \\$2 \\$3 \\$4 \\$5 \\$6 \\$7 \\$8 \\$9
+.      \}
+.      if \\n(aC>\\n(aP \{\
+.              nr aP \\n(aP+1
+.              ie \\n(C\\n(aP==2 \{\
+.                      as b1 \&MirOS\ #\&\\*(A\\n(aP\\*(aa
+.                      ie \\n(aC>\\n(aP \{\
+.                              nr aP \\n(aP+1
+.                              nR
+.                      \}
+.                      el .aZ
+.              \}
+.              el \{\
+.                      as b1 \&MirOS\\*(aa
+.                      nR
+.              \}
+.      \}
+..
+.\}
+.\"-
+.Dt LKSH 1
+.Os MirBSD
+.Sh NAME
+.Nm lksh
+.Nd Legacy Korn shell built on mksh
+.Sh SYNOPSIS
+.Nm
+.Bk -words
+.Op Fl +abCefhiklmnprUuvXx
+.Op Fl +o Ar opt
+.Oo
+.Fl c Ar string \*(Ba
+.Fl s \*(Ba
+.Ar file
+.Op Ar args ...
+.Oc
+.Ek
+.Sh DESCRIPTION
+.Nm
+is a command interpreter intended exclusively for running legacy
+shell scripts.
+It is built on
+.Nm mksh ;
+refer to its manual page for details on the scripting language.
+It is recommended to port scripts to
+.Nm mksh
+instead of relying on legacy or idiotic POSIX-mandated behaviour,
+since the MirBSD Korn Shell scripting language is much more consistent.
+.Pp
+Note that it's strongly recommended to invoke
+.Nm
+with at least the
+.Fl o Ic posix
+option, if not both that
+.Em and Fl o Ic sh ,
+to fully enjoy better compatibility to the
+.Tn POSIX
+standard (which is probably why you use
+.Nm
+over
+.Nm mksh
+in the first place) or legacy scripts, respectively.
+.Sh LEGACY MODE
+.Nm
+currently has the following differences from
+.Nm mksh :
+.Bl -bullet
+.It
+.\"XXX TODO: remove (some systems may wish to have lksh as ksh)
+There is no explicit support for interactive use,
+nor any command line editing or history code.
+Hence,
+.Nm
+is not suitable as a user's login shell, either; use
+.Nm mksh
+instead.
+.It
+The
+.Ev KSH_VERSION
+string identifies
+.Nm
+as
+.Dq LEGACY KSH
+instead of
+.Dq MIRBSD KSH .
+Note that the rest of the version string is identical between
+the two shell flavours, and the behaviour and differences can
+change between versions; see the accompanying manual page
+.Xr mksh 1
+for the versions this document applies to.
+.It
+.Nm
+uses
+.Tn POSIX
+arithmetics, which has quite a few implications:
+The data type for arithmetics is the host
+.Tn ISO
+C
+.Vt long
+data type.
+Signed integer wraparound is Undefined Behaviour; this means that...
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+$ echo $((2147483647 + 1))
+.Ed
+.Pp
+\&... is permitted to, e.g. delete all files on your system
+(the figure differs for non-32-bit systems, the rule doesn't).
+The sign of the result of a modulo operation with at least one
+negative operand is unspecified.
+Shift operations on negative numbers are unspecified.
+Division of the largest negative number by \-1 is Undefined Behaviour.
+The compiler is permitted to delete all data and crash the system
+if Undefined Behaviour occurs (see above for an example).
+.It
+.Nm
+only offers the traditional ten file descriptors to scripts.
+.It
+.\"XXX TODO: move this to FPOSIX
+The rotation arithmetic operators are not available.
+.It
+The shift arithmetic operators take all bits of the second operand into
+account; if they exceed permitted precision, the result is unspecified.
+.It
+.\"XXX TODO: move this to FPOSIX
+The
+.Tn GNU
+.Nm bash
+extension &\*(Gt to redirect stdout and stderr in one go is not parsed.
+.It
+.\"XXX TODO: drop along with allowing interactivity
+The
+.Nm mksh
+command line option
+.Fl T
+is not available.
+.It
+Unless
+.Ic set -o posix
+is active,
+.Nm
+always uses traditional mode for constructs like:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+$ set -- $(getopt ab:c "$@")
+$ echo $?
+.Ed
+.Pp
+POSIX mandates this to show 0, but traditional mode
+passes through the errorlevel from the
+.Xr getopt 1
+command.
+.It
+.\"XXX TODO: move to FPOSIX/FSH
+Unlike
+.At
+.Nm ksh ,
+.Nm mksh
+in
+.Fl o Ic posix
+or
+.Fl o Ic sh
+mode and
+.Nm lksh
+do not keep file descriptors \*(Gt 2 private from sub-processes.
+.It
+Functions defined with the
+.Ic function
+reserved word share the shell options
+.Pq Ic set -o
+instead of locally scoping them.
+.El
+.Sh SEE ALSO
+.Xr mksh 1
+.Pp
+.Pa https://www.mirbsd.org/mksh.htm
+.Pp
+.Pa https://www.mirbsd.org/ksh\-chan.htm
+.Sh CAVEATS
+The distinction between the shell variants
+.Pq Nm lksh / Nm mksh
+and shell flags
+.Pq Fl o Ic posix / Ic sh
+will be reworked for an upcoming release.
+.Pp
+To use
+.Nm
+as
+.Pa /bin/sh ,
+compilation to enable
+.Ic set -o posix
+by default if called as
+.Nm sh
+is highly recommended for better standards compliance.
+For better compatibility with legacy scripts, such as many
+.Tn Debian
+maintainer scripts, Upstart and SYSV init scripts, and other
+unfixed scripts, using the compile-time options for enabling
+.Em both
+.Ic set -o posix -o sh
+when the shell is run as
+.Nm sh
+is recommended.
+.Pp
+.Nm
+tries to make a cross between a legacy bourne/posix compatibl-ish
+shell and a legacy pdksh-alike but
+.Dq legacy
+is not exactly specified.
+.Pp
+The
+.Ic set
+built-in command does not currently have all options one would expect
+from a full-blown
+.Nm mksh
+or
+.Nm pdksh .
+.Pp
+Talk to the
+.Mx
+development team using the mailing list at
+.Aq miros\-mksh@mirbsd.org
+or the
+.Li \&#\&!/bin/mksh
+.Pq or Li \&#ksh
+IRC channel at
+.Pa irc.freenode.net
+.Pq Port 6697 SSL, 6667 unencrypted
+if you need any further quirks or assistance,
+and consider migrating your legacy scripts to work with
+.Nm mksh
+instead of requiring
+.Nm .
diff --git a/source/sh/main.c b/source/sh/main.c
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..d39d8b8
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,1914 @@
+/*     $OpenBSD: main.c,v 1.57 2015/09/10 22:48:58 nicm Exp $  */
+/*     $OpenBSD: tty.c,v 1.10 2014/08/10 02:44:26 guenther Exp $       */
+/*     $OpenBSD: io.c,v 1.26 2015/09/11 08:00:27 guenther Exp $        */
+/*     $OpenBSD: table.c,v 1.16 2015/09/01 13:12:31 tedu Exp $ */
+
+/*-
+ * Copyright (c) 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010,
+ *              2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016
+ *     mirabilos <m@mirbsd.org>
+ *
+ * Provided that these terms and disclaimer and all copyright notices
+ * are retained or reproduced in an accompanying document, permission
+ * is granted to deal in this work without restriction, including un-
+ * limited rights to use, publicly perform, distribute, sell, modify,
+ * merge, give away, or sublicence.
+ *
+ * This work is provided "AS IS" and WITHOUT WARRANTY of any kind, to
+ * the utmost extent permitted by applicable law, neither express nor
+ * implied; without malicious intent or gross negligence. In no event
+ * may a licensor, author or contributor be held liable for indirect,
+ * direct, other damage, loss, or other issues arising in any way out
+ * of dealing in the work, even if advised of the possibility of such
+ * damage or existence of a defect, except proven that it results out
+ * of said person's immediate fault when using the work as intended.
+ */
+
+#define EXTERN
+#include "sh.h"
+
+#if HAVE_LANGINFO_CODESET
+#include <langinfo.h>
+#endif
+#if HAVE_SETLOCALE_CTYPE
+#include <locale.h>
+#endif
+
+__RCSID("$MirOS: src/bin/mksh/main.c,v 1.310 2016/02/26 21:53:36 tg Exp $");
+
+extern char **environ;
+
+#ifndef MKSHRC_PATH
+#define MKSHRC_PATH    "~/.mkshrc"
+#endif
+
+#ifndef MKSH_DEFAULT_TMPDIR
+#define MKSH_DEFAULT_TMPDIR    MKSH_UNIXROOT "/tmp"
+#endif
+
+static uint8_t isuc(const char *);
+static int main_init(int, const char *[], Source **, struct block **);
+void chvt_reinit(void);
+static void reclaim(void);
+static void remove_temps(struct temp *);
+static mksh_uari_t rndsetup(void);
+#ifdef SIGWINCH
+static void x_sigwinch(int);
+#endif
+
+static const char initifs[] = "IFS= \t\n";
+
+static const char initsubs[] =
+    "${PS2=> } ${PS3=#? } ${PS4=+ } ${SECONDS=0} ${TMOUT=0} ${EPOCHREALTIME=}";
+
+static const char *initcoms[] = {
+       Ttypeset, "-r", initvsn, NULL,
+       Ttypeset, "-x", "HOME", "PATH", "SHELL", NULL,
+       Ttypeset, "-i10", "COLUMNS", "LINES", "SECONDS", "TMOUT", NULL,
+       Talias,
+       "integer=\\typeset -i",
+       "local=\\typeset",
+       /* not "alias -t --": hash -r needs to work */
+       "hash=\\builtin alias -t",
+       "type=\\builtin whence -v",
+       "autoload=\\typeset -fu",
+       "functions=\\typeset -f",
+       "history=\\builtin fc -l",
+       "nameref=\\typeset -n",
+       "nohup=nohup ",
+       "r=\\builtin fc -e -",
+       "login=\\exec login",
+       NULL,
+        /* this is what AT&T ksh seems to track, with the addition of emacs */
+       Talias, "-tU",
+       Tcat, "cc", "chmod", "cp", "date", "ed", "emacs", "grep", "ls",
+       "make", "mv", "pr", "rm", "sed", "sh", "vi", "who", NULL,
+       NULL
+};
+
+static const char *restr_com[] = {
+       Ttypeset, "-r", "PATH", "ENV", "SHELL", NULL
+};
+
+static bool initio_done;
+
+/* top-level parsing and execution environment */
+static struct env env;
+struct env *e = &env;
+
+static mksh_uari_t
+rndsetup(void)
+{
+       register uint32_t h;
+       struct {
+               ALLOC_ITEM alloc_INT;
+               void *dataptr, *stkptr, *mallocptr;
+#if defined(__GLIBC__) && (__GLIBC__ >= 2)
+               sigjmp_buf jbuf;
+#endif
+               struct timeval tv;
+       } *bufptr;
+       char *cp;
+
+       cp = alloc(sizeof(*bufptr) - sizeof(ALLOC_ITEM), APERM);
+#ifdef DEBUG
+       /* clear the allocated space, for valgrind */
+       memset(cp, 0, sizeof(*bufptr) - sizeof(ALLOC_ITEM));
+#endif
+       /* undo what alloc() did to the malloc result address */
+       bufptr = (void *)(cp - sizeof(ALLOC_ITEM));
+       /* PIE or something similar provides us with deltas here */
+       bufptr->dataptr = &rndsetupstate;
+       /* ASLR in at least Windows, Linux, some BSDs */
+       bufptr->stkptr = &bufptr;
+       /* randomised malloc in BSD (and possibly others) */
+       bufptr->mallocptr = bufptr;
+#if defined(__GLIBC__) && (__GLIBC__ >= 2)
+       /* glibc pointer guard */
+       sigsetjmp(bufptr->jbuf, 1);
+#endif
+       /* introduce variation (and yes, second arg MBZ for portability) */
+       mksh_TIME(bufptr->tv);
+
+#ifdef MKSH_ALLOC_CATCH_UNDERRUNS
+       mprotect(((char *)bufptr) + 4096, 4096, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE);
+#endif
+       h = chvt_rndsetup(bufptr, sizeof(*bufptr));
+
+       afree(cp, APERM);
+       return ((mksh_uari_t)h);
+}
+
+void
+chvt_reinit(void)
+{
+       kshpid = procpid = getpid();
+       ksheuid = geteuid();
+       kshpgrp = getpgrp();
+       kshppid = getppid();
+}
+
+static const char *empty_argv[] = {
+       "mksh", NULL
+};
+
+static uint8_t
+isuc(const char *cx) {
+       char *cp, *x;
+       uint8_t rv = 0;
+
+       if (!cx || !*cx)
+               return (0);
+
+       /* uppercase a string duplicate */
+       strdupx(x, cx, ATEMP);
+       cp = x;
+       while ((*cp = ksh_toupper(*cp)))
+               ++cp;
+
+       /* check for UTF-8 */
+       if (strstr(x, "UTF-8") || strstr(x, "UTF8"))
+               rv = 1;
+
+       /* free copy and out */
+       afree(x, ATEMP);
+       return (rv);
+}
+
+static int
+main_init(int argc, const char *argv[], Source **sp, struct block **lp)
+{
+       int argi, i;
+       Source *s = NULL;
+       struct block *l;
+       unsigned char restricted_shell, errexit, utf_flag;
+       char *cp;
+       const char *ccp, **wp;
+       struct tbl *vp;
+       struct stat s_stdin;
+#if !defined(_PATH_DEFPATH) && defined(_CS_PATH)
+       ssize_t k;
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __OS2__
+       for (i = 0; i < 3; ++i)
+               if (!isatty(i))
+                       setmode(i, O_BINARY);
+#endif
+
+       /* do things like getpgrp() et al. */
+       chvt_reinit();
+
+       /* make sure argv[] is sane, for weird OSes */
+       if (!*argv) {
+               argv = empty_argv;
+               argc = 1;
+       }
+       kshname = argv[0];
+
+       /* initialise permanent Area */
+       ainit(&aperm);
+       /* max. name length: -2147483648 = 11 (+ NUL) */
+       vtemp = alloc(offsetof(struct tbl, name[0]) + 12, APERM);
+
+       /* set up base environment */
+       env.type = E_NONE;
+       ainit(&env.area);
+       /* set up global l->vars and l->funs */
+       newblock();
+
+       /* Do this first so output routines (eg, errorf, shellf) can work */
+       initio();
+
+       /* determine the basename (without '-' or path) of the executable */
+       ccp = kshname;
+       goto begin_parse_kshname;
+       while ((i = ccp[argi++])) {
+               if (i == '/') {
+                       ccp += argi;
+ begin_parse_kshname:
+                       argi = 0;
+                       if (*ccp == '-')
+                               ++ccp;
+               }
+       }
+       if (!*ccp)
+               ccp = empty_argv[0];
+
+       /*
+        * Turn on nohup by default. (AT&T ksh does not have a nohup
+        * option - it always sends the hup).
+        */
+       Flag(FNOHUP) = 1;
+
+       /*
+        * Turn on brace expansion by default. AT&T kshs that have
+        * alternation always have it on.
+        */
+       Flag(FBRACEEXPAND) = 1;
+
+       /*
+        * Turn on "set -x" inheritance by default.
+        */
+       Flag(FXTRACEREC) = 1;
+
+       /* define built-in commands and see if we were called as one */
+       ktinit(APERM, &builtins,
+           /* currently up to 54 builtins: 75% of 128 = 2^7 */
+           7);
+       for (i = 0; mkshbuiltins[i].name != NULL; i++)
+               if (!strcmp(ccp, builtin(mkshbuiltins[i].name,
+                   mkshbuiltins[i].func)))
+                       Flag(FAS_BUILTIN) = 1;
+
+       if (!Flag(FAS_BUILTIN)) {
+               /* check for -T option early */
+               argi = parse_args(argv, OF_FIRSTTIME, NULL);
+               if (argi < 0)
+                       return (1);
+
+#if defined(MKSH_BINSHPOSIX) || defined(MKSH_BINSHREDUCED)
+               /* are we called as -sh or /bin/sh or so? */
+               if (!strcmp(ccp, "sh" MKSH_EXE_EXT)) {
+                       /* either also turns off braceexpand */
+#ifdef MKSH_BINSHPOSIX
+                       /* enable better POSIX conformance */
+                       change_flag(FPOSIX, OF_FIRSTTIME, true);
+#endif
+#ifdef MKSH_BINSHREDUCED
+                       /* enable kludge/compat mode */
+                       change_flag(FSH, OF_FIRSTTIME, true);
+#endif
+               }
+#endif
+       }
+
+       initvar();
+
+       initctypes();
+
+       inittraps();
+
+       coproc_init();
+
+       /* set up variable and command dictionaries */
+       ktinit(APERM, &taliases, 0);
+       ktinit(APERM, &aliases, 0);
+#ifndef MKSH_NOPWNAM
+       ktinit(APERM, &homedirs, 0);
+#endif
+
+       /* define shell keywords */
+       initkeywords();
+
+       init_histvec();
+
+       /* initialise tty size before importing environment */
+       change_winsz();
+
+#ifdef _PATH_DEFPATH
+       def_path = _PATH_DEFPATH;
+#else
+#ifdef _CS_PATH
+       if ((k = confstr(_CS_PATH, NULL, 0)) > 0 &&
+           confstr(_CS_PATH, cp = alloc(k + 1, APERM), k + 1) == k + 1)
+               def_path = cp;
+       else
+#endif
+               /*
+                * this is uniform across all OSes unless it
+                * breaks somewhere; don't try to optimise,
+                * e.g. add stuff for Interix or remove /usr
+                * for HURD, because e.g. Debian GNU/HURD is
+                * "keeping a regular /usr"; this is supposed
+                * to be a sane 'basic' default PATH
+                */
+               def_path = MKSH_UNIXROOT "/bin" MKSH_PATHSEPS
+                   MKSH_UNIXROOT "/usr/bin" MKSH_PATHSEPS
+                   MKSH_UNIXROOT "/sbin" MKSH_PATHSEPS
+                   MKSH_UNIXROOT "/usr/sbin";
+#endif
+
+       /*
+        * Set PATH to def_path (will set the path global variable).
+        * (import of environment below will probably change this setting).
+        */
+       vp = global("PATH");
+       /* setstr can't fail here */
+       setstr(vp, def_path, KSH_RETURN_ERROR);
+
+#ifndef MKSH_NO_CMDLINE_EDITING
+       /*
+        * Set edit mode to emacs by default, may be overridden
+        * by the environment or the user. Also, we want tab completion
+        * on in vi by default.
+        */
+       change_flag(FEMACS, OF_SPECIAL, true);
+#if !MKSH_S_NOVI
+       Flag(FVITABCOMPLETE) = 1;
+#endif
+#endif
+
+       /* import environment */
+       if (environ != NULL) {
+               wp = (const char **)environ;
+               while (*wp != NULL) {
+                       rndpush(*wp);
+                       typeset(*wp, IMPORT | EXPORT, 0, 0, 0);
+                       ++wp;
+               }
+       }
+
+       /* for security */
+       typeset(initifs, 0, 0, 0, 0);
+
+       /* assign default shell variable values */
+       substitute(initsubs, 0);
+
+       /* Figure out the current working directory and set $PWD */
+       vp = global("PWD");
+       cp = str_val(vp);
+       /* Try to use existing $PWD if it is valid */
+       set_current_wd((mksh_abspath(cp) && test_eval(NULL, TO_FILEQ, cp, ".",
+           true)) ? cp : NULL);
+       if (current_wd[0])
+               simplify_path(current_wd);
+       /* Only set pwd if we know where we are or if it had a bogus value */
+       if (current_wd[0] || *cp)
+               /* setstr can't fail here */
+               setstr(vp, current_wd, KSH_RETURN_ERROR);
+
+       for (wp = initcoms; *wp != NULL; wp++) {
+               shcomexec(wp);
+               while (*wp != NULL)
+                       wp++;
+       }
+       setint_n(global("OPTIND"), 1, 10);
+
+       kshuid = getuid();
+       kshgid = getgid();
+       kshegid = getegid();
+
+       safe_prompt = ksheuid ? "$ " : "# ";
+       vp = global("PS1");
+       /* Set PS1 if unset or we are root and prompt doesn't contain a # */
+       if (!(vp->flag & ISSET) ||
+           (!ksheuid && !strchr(str_val(vp), '#')))
+               /* setstr can't fail here */
+               setstr(vp, safe_prompt, KSH_RETURN_ERROR);
+       setint_n((vp = global("BASHPID")), 0, 10);
+       vp->flag |= INT_U;
+       setint_n((vp = global("PGRP")), (mksh_uari_t)kshpgrp, 10);
+       vp->flag |= INT_U;
+       setint_n((vp = global("PPID")), (mksh_uari_t)kshppid, 10);
+       vp->flag |= INT_U;
+       setint_n((vp = global("USER_ID")), (mksh_uari_t)ksheuid, 10);
+       vp->flag |= INT_U;
+       setint_n((vp = global("KSHUID")), (mksh_uari_t)kshuid, 10);
+       vp->flag |= INT_U;
+       setint_n((vp = global("KSHEGID")), (mksh_uari_t)kshegid, 10);
+       vp->flag |= INT_U;
+       setint_n((vp = global("KSHGID")), (mksh_uari_t)kshgid, 10);
+       vp->flag |= INT_U;
+       setint_n((vp = global("RANDOM")), rndsetup(), 10);
+       vp->flag |= INT_U;
+       setint_n((vp_pipest = global("PIPESTATUS")), 0, 10);
+
+       /* Set this before parsing arguments */
+       Flag(FPRIVILEGED) = (kshuid != ksheuid || kshgid != kshegid) ? 2 : 0;
+
+       /* this to note if monitor is set on command line (see below) */
+#ifndef MKSH_UNEMPLOYED
+       Flag(FMONITOR) = 127;
+#endif
+       /* this to note if utf-8 mode is set on command line (see below) */
+       UTFMODE = 2;
+
+       if (!Flag(FAS_BUILTIN)) {
+               argi = parse_args(argv, OF_CMDLINE, NULL);
+               if (argi < 0)
+                       return (1);
+       }
+
+       /* process this later only, default to off (hysterical raisins) */
+       utf_flag = UTFMODE;
+       UTFMODE = 0;
+
+       if (Flag(FAS_BUILTIN)) {
+               /* auto-detect from environment variables, always */
+               utf_flag = 3;
+       } else if (Flag(FCOMMAND)) {
+               s = pushs(SSTRINGCMDLINE, ATEMP);
+               if (!(s->start = s->str = argv[argi++]))
+                       errorf("-c %s", "requires an argument");
+               while (*s->str) {
+                       if (*s->str != ' ' && ctype(*s->str, C_QUOTE))
+                               break;
+                       s->str++;
+               }
+               if (!*s->str)
+                       s->flags |= SF_MAYEXEC;
+               s->str = s->start;
+#ifdef MKSH_MIDNIGHTBSD01ASH_COMPAT
+               /* compatibility to MidnightBSD 0.1 /bin/sh (kludge) */
+               if (Flag(FSH) && argv[argi] && !strcmp(argv[argi], "--"))
+                       ++argi;
+#endif
+               if (argv[argi])
+                       kshname = argv[argi++];
+       } else if (argi < argc && !Flag(FSTDIN)) {
+               s = pushs(SFILE, ATEMP);
+#ifdef __OS2__
+               /*
+                * A bug in OS/2 extproc (like shebang) handling makes
+                * it not pass the full pathname of a script, so we need
+                * to search for it. This changes the behaviour of a
+                * simple "mksh foo", but can't be helped.
+                */
+               s->file = search_path(argv[argi++], path, X_OK, NULL);
+               if (!s->file || !*s->file)
+                       s->file = argv[argi - 1];
+#else
+               s->file = argv[argi++];
+#endif
+               s->u.shf = shf_open(s->file, O_RDONLY, 0,
+                   SHF_MAPHI | SHF_CLEXEC);
+               if (s->u.shf == NULL) {
+                       shl_stdout_ok = false;
+                       warningf(true, "%s: %s", s->file, cstrerror(errno));
+                       /* mandated by SUSv4 */
+                       exstat = 127;
+                       unwind(LERROR);
+               }
+               kshname = s->file;
+       } else {
+               Flag(FSTDIN) = 1;
+               s = pushs(SSTDIN, ATEMP);
+               s->file = "<stdin>";
+               s->u.shf = shf_fdopen(0, SHF_RD | can_seek(0),
+                   NULL);
+               if (isatty(0) && isatty(2)) {
+                       Flag(FTALKING) = Flag(FTALKING_I) = 1;
+                       /* The following only if isatty(0) */
+                       s->flags |= SF_TTY;
+                       s->u.shf->flags |= SHF_INTERRUPT;
+                       s->file = NULL;
+               }
+       }
+
+       /* this bizarreness is mandated by POSIX */
+       if (fstat(0, &s_stdin) >= 0 && S_ISCHR(s_stdin.st_mode) &&
+           Flag(FTALKING))
+               reset_nonblock(0);
+
+       /* initialise job control */
+       j_init();
+       /* do this after j_init() which calls tty_init_state() */
+       if (Flag(FTALKING)) {
+               if (utf_flag == 2) {
+#ifndef MKSH_ASSUME_UTF8
+                       /* auto-detect from locale or environment */
+                       utf_flag = 4;
+#else /* this may not be an #elif */
+#if MKSH_ASSUME_UTF8
+                       utf_flag = 1;
+#else
+                       /* always disable UTF-8 (for interactive) */
+                       utf_flag = 0;
+#endif
+#endif
+               }
+#ifndef MKSH_NO_CMDLINE_EDITING
+               x_init();
+#endif
+       }
+
+#ifdef SIGWINCH
+       sigtraps[SIGWINCH].flags |= TF_SHELL_USES;
+       setsig(&sigtraps[SIGWINCH], x_sigwinch,
+           SS_RESTORE_ORIG|SS_FORCE|SS_SHTRAP);
+#endif
+
+       l = e->loc;
+       if (Flag(FAS_BUILTIN)) {
+               l->argc = argc;
+               l->argv = argv;
+               l->argv[0] = ccp;
+       } else {
+               l->argc = argc - argi;
+               /*
+                * allocate a new array because otherwise, when we modify
+                * it in-place, ps(1) output changes; the meaning of argc
+                * here is slightly different as it excludes kshname, and
+                * we add a trailing NULL sentinel as well
+                */
+               l->argv = alloc2(l->argc + 2, sizeof(void *), APERM);
+               l->argv[0] = kshname;
+               memcpy(&l->argv[1], &argv[argi], l->argc * sizeof(void *));
+               l->argv[l->argc + 1] = NULL;
+               getopts_reset(1);
+       }
+
+       /* divine the initial state of the utf8-mode Flag */
+       ccp = null;
+       switch (utf_flag) {
+
+       /* auto-detect from locale or environment */
+       case 4:
+#if HAVE_SETLOCALE_CTYPE
+               ccp = setlocale(LC_CTYPE, "");
+#if HAVE_LANGINFO_CODESET
+               if (!isuc(ccp))
+                       ccp = nl_langinfo(CODESET);
+#endif
+               if (!isuc(ccp))
+                       ccp = null;
+               /* FALLTHROUGH */
+#endif
+
+       /* auto-detect from environment */
+       case 3:
+               /* these were imported from environ earlier */
+               if (ccp == null)
+                       ccp = str_val(global("LC_ALL"));
+               if (ccp == null)
+                       ccp = str_val(global("LC_CTYPE"));
+               if (ccp == null)
+                       ccp = str_val(global("LANG"));
+               UTFMODE = isuc(ccp);
+               break;
+
+       /* not set on command line, not FTALKING */
+       case 2:
+       /* unknown values */
+       default:
+               utf_flag = 0;
+               /* FALLTHROUGH */
+
+       /* known values */
+       case 1:
+       case 0:
+               UTFMODE = utf_flag;
+               break;
+       }
+
+       /* Disable during .profile/ENV reading */
+       restricted_shell = Flag(FRESTRICTED);
+       Flag(FRESTRICTED) = 0;
+       errexit = Flag(FERREXIT);
+       Flag(FERREXIT) = 0;
+
+       /*
+        * Do this before profile/$ENV so that if it causes problems in them,
+        * user will know why things broke.
+        */
+       if (!current_wd[0] && Flag(FTALKING))
+               warningf(false, "can't determine current directory");
+
+       if (Flag(FLOGIN))
+               include(MKSH_SYSTEM_PROFILE, 0, NULL, true);
+       if (!Flag(FPRIVILEGED)) {
+               if (Flag(FLOGIN))
+                       include(substitute("$HOME/.profile", 0), 0, NULL, true);
+               if (Flag(FTALKING)) {
+                       cp = substitute(substitute("${ENV:-" MKSHRC_PATH "}",
+                           0), DOTILDE);
+                       if (cp[0] != '\0')
+                               include(cp, 0, NULL, true);
+               }
+       } else {
+               include(MKSH_SUID_PROFILE, 0, NULL, true);
+               /* turn off -p if not set explicitly */
+               if (Flag(FPRIVILEGED) != 1)
+                       change_flag(FPRIVILEGED, OF_INTERNAL, false);
+       }
+
+       if (restricted_shell) {
+               shcomexec(restr_com);
+               /* After typeset command... */
+               Flag(FRESTRICTED) = 1;
+       }
+       Flag(FERREXIT) = errexit;
+
+       if (Flag(FTALKING) && s)
+               hist_init(s);
+       else
+               /* set after ENV */
+               Flag(FTRACKALL) = 1;
+
+       alarm_init();
+
+       *sp = s;
+       *lp = l;
+       return (0);
+}
+
+/* this indirection barrier reduces stack usage during normal operation */
+
+int
+main(int argc, const char *argv[])
+{
+       int rv;
+       Source *s;
+       struct block *l;
+
+       if ((rv = main_init(argc, argv, &s, &l)) == 0) {
+               if (Flag(FAS_BUILTIN)) {
+                       rv = shcomexec(l->argv);
+               } else {
+                       shell(s, true);
+                       /* NOTREACHED */
+               }
+       }
+       return (rv);
+}
+
+int
+include(const char *name, int argc, const char **argv, bool intr_ok)
+{
+       Source *volatile s = NULL;
+       struct shf *shf;
+       const char **volatile old_argv;
+       volatile int old_argc;
+       int i;
+
+       shf = shf_open(name, O_RDONLY, 0, SHF_MAPHI | SHF_CLEXEC);
+       if (shf == NULL)
+               return (-1);
+
+       if (argv) {
+               old_argv = e->loc->argv;
+               old_argc = e->loc->argc;
+       } else {
+               old_argv = NULL;
+               old_argc = 0;
+       }
+       newenv(E_INCL);
+       if ((i = kshsetjmp(e->jbuf))) {
+               quitenv(s ? s->u.shf : NULL);
+               if (old_argv) {
+                       e->loc->argv = old_argv;
+                       e->loc->argc = old_argc;
+               }
+               switch (i) {
+               case LRETURN:
+               case LERROR:
+                       /* see below */
+                       return (exstat & 0xFF);
+               case LINTR:
+                       /*
+                        * intr_ok is set if we are including .profile or $ENV.
+                        * If user ^Cs out, we don't want to kill the shell...
+                        */
+                       if (intr_ok && ((exstat & 0xFF) - 128) != SIGTERM)
+                               return (1);
+                       /* FALLTHROUGH */
+               case LEXIT:
+               case LLEAVE:
+               case LSHELL:
+                       unwind(i);
+                       /* NOTREACHED */
+               default:
+                       internal_errorf("include %d", i);
+                       /* NOTREACHED */
+               }
+       }
+       if (argv) {
+               e->loc->argv = argv;
+               e->loc->argc = argc;
+       }
+       s = pushs(SFILE, ATEMP);
+       s->u.shf = shf;
+       strdupx(s->file, name, ATEMP);
+       i = shell(s, false);
+       quitenv(s->u.shf);
+       if (old_argv) {
+               e->loc->argv = old_argv;
+               e->loc->argc = old_argc;
+       }
+       /* & 0xff to ensure value not -1 */
+       return (i & 0xFF);
+}
+
+/* spawn a command into a shell optionally keeping track of the line number */
+int
+command(const char *comm, int line)
+{
+       Source *s;
+
+       s = pushs(SSTRING, ATEMP);
+       s->start = s->str = comm;
+       s->line = line;
+       return (shell(s, false));
+}
+
+/*
+ * run the commands from the input source, returning status.
+ */
+int
+shell(Source * volatile s, volatile bool toplevel)
+{
+       struct op *t;
+       volatile bool wastty = tobool(s->flags & SF_TTY);
+       volatile uint8_t attempts = 13;
+       volatile bool interactive = Flag(FTALKING) && toplevel;
+       volatile bool sfirst = true;
+       Source *volatile old_source = source;
+       int i;
+
+       newenv(E_PARSE);
+       if (interactive)
+               really_exit = false;
+       switch ((i = kshsetjmp(e->jbuf))) {
+       case 0:
+               break;
+       case LINTR:
+               /* we get here if SIGINT not caught or ignored */
+       case LERROR:
+       case LSHELL:
+               if (interactive) {
+                       if (i == LINTR)
+                               shellf("\n");
+                       /*
+                        * Reset any eof that was read as part of a
+                        * multiline command.
+                        */
+                       if (Flag(FIGNOREEOF) && s->type == SEOF && wastty)
+                               s->type = SSTDIN;
+                       /*
+                        * Used by exit command to get back to
+                        * top level shell. Kind of strange since
+                        * interactive is set if we are reading from
+                        * a tty, but to have stopped jobs, one only
+                        * needs FMONITOR set (not FTALKING/SF_TTY)...
+                        */
+                       /* toss any input we have so far */
+                       yyrecursive_pop(true);
+                       s->start = s->str = null;
+                       retrace_info = NULL;
+                       herep = heres;
+                       break;
+               }
+               /* FALLTHROUGH */
+       case LEXIT:
+       case LLEAVE:
+       case LRETURN:
+               source = old_source;
+               quitenv(NULL);
+               /* keep on going */
+               unwind(i);
+               /* NOTREACHED */
+       default:
+               source = old_source;
+               quitenv(NULL);
+               internal_errorf("shell %d", i);
+               /* NOTREACHED */
+       }
+       while (/* CONSTCOND */ 1) {
+               if (trap)
+                       runtraps(0);
+
+               if (s->next == NULL) {
+                       if (Flag(FVERBOSE))
+                               s->flags |= SF_ECHO;
+                       else
+                               s->flags &= ~SF_ECHO;
+               }
+               if (interactive) {
+                       j_notify();
+                       set_prompt(PS1, s);
+               }
+               t = compile(s, sfirst);
+               if (interactive)
+                       histsave(&s->line, NULL, HIST_FLUSH, true);
+               sfirst = false;
+               if (!t)
+                       goto source_no_tree;
+               if (t->type == TEOF) {
+                       if (wastty && Flag(FIGNOREEOF) && --attempts > 0) {
+                               shellf("Use 'exit' to leave mksh\n");
+                               s->type = SSTDIN;
+                       } else if (wastty && !really_exit &&
+                           j_stopped_running()) {
+                               really_exit = true;
+                               s->type = SSTDIN;
+                       } else {
+                               /*
+                                * this for POSIX which says EXIT traps
+                                * shall be taken in the environment
+                                * immediately after the last command
+                                * executed.
+                                */
+                               if (toplevel)
+                                       unwind(LEXIT);
+                               break;
+                       }
+               } else if ((s->flags & SF_MAYEXEC) && t->type == TCOM)
+                       t->u.evalflags |= DOTCOMEXEC;
+               if (!Flag(FNOEXEC) || (s->flags & SF_TTY))
+                       exstat = execute(t, 0, NULL) & 0xFF;
+
+               if (t->type != TEOF && interactive && really_exit)
+                       really_exit = false;
+
+ source_no_tree:
+               reclaim();
+       }
+       quitenv(NULL);
+       source = old_source;
+       return (exstat & 0xFF);
+}
+
+/* return to closest error handler or shell(), exit if none found */
+/* note: i MUST NOT be 0 */
+void
+unwind(int i)
+{
+       /*
+        * This is a kludge. We need to restore everything that was
+        * changed in the new environment, see cid 1005090337C7A669439
+        * and 10050903386452ACBF1, but fail to even save things most of
+        * the time. funcs.c:c_eval() changes FERREXIT temporarily to 0,
+        * which needs to be restored thus (related to Debian #696823).
+        * We did not save the shell flags, so we use a special or'd
+        * value here... this is mostly to clean up behind *other*
+        * callers of unwind(LERROR) here; exec.c has the regular case.
+        */
+       if (Flag(FERREXIT) & 0x80) {
+               /* GNU bash does not run this trapsig */
+               trapsig(ksh_SIGERR);
+               Flag(FERREXIT) &= ~0x80;
+       }
+
+       /* ordering for EXIT vs ERR is a bit odd (this is what AT&T ksh does) */
+       if (i == LEXIT || ((i == LERROR || i == LINTR) &&
+           sigtraps[ksh_SIGEXIT].trap &&
+           (!Flag(FTALKING) || Flag(FERREXIT)))) {
+               ++trap_nested;
+               runtrap(&sigtraps[ksh_SIGEXIT], trap_nested == 1);
+               --trap_nested;
+               i = LLEAVE;
+       } else if (Flag(FERREXIT) == 1 && (i == LERROR || i == LINTR)) {
+               ++trap_nested;
+               runtrap(&sigtraps[ksh_SIGERR], trap_nested == 1);
+               --trap_nested;
+               i = LLEAVE;
+       }
+
+       while (/* CONSTCOND */ 1) {
+               switch (e->type) {
+               case E_PARSE:
+               case E_FUNC:
+               case E_INCL:
+               case E_LOOP:
+               case E_ERRH:
+                       kshlongjmp(e->jbuf, i);
+                       /* NOTREACHED */
+               case E_NONE:
+                       if (i == LINTR)
+                               e->flags |= EF_FAKE_SIGDIE;
+                       /* FALLTHROUGH */
+               default:
+                       quitenv(NULL);
+                       /*
+                        * quitenv() may have reclaimed the memory
+                        * used by source which will end badly when
+                        * we jump to a function that expects it to
+                        * be valid
+                        */
+                       source = NULL;
+               }
+       }
+}
+
+void
+newenv(int type)
+{
+       struct env *ep;
+       char *cp;
+
+       /*
+        * struct env includes ALLOC_ITEM for alignment constraints
+        * so first get the actually used memory, then assign it
+        */
+       cp = alloc(sizeof(struct env) - sizeof(ALLOC_ITEM), ATEMP);
+       /* undo what alloc() did to the malloc result address */
+       ep = (void *)(cp - sizeof(ALLOC_ITEM));
+       /* initialise public members of struct env (not the ALLOC_ITEM) */
+       ainit(&ep->area);
+       ep->oenv = e;
+       ep->loc = e->loc;
+       ep->savefd = NULL;
+       ep->temps = NULL;
+       ep->yyrecursive_statep = NULL;
+       ep->type = type;
+       ep->flags = 0;
+       /* jump buffer is invalid because flags == 0 */
+       e = ep;
+}
+
+void
+quitenv(struct shf *shf)
+{
+       struct env *ep = e;
+       char *cp;
+       int fd;
+
+       yyrecursive_pop(true);
+       while (ep->oenv && ep->oenv->loc != ep->loc)
+               popblock();
+       if (ep->savefd != NULL) {
+               for (fd = 0; fd < NUFILE; fd++)
+                       /* if ep->savefd[fd] < 0, means fd was closed */
+                       if (ep->savefd[fd])
+                               restfd(fd, ep->savefd[fd]);
+               if (ep->savefd[2])
+                       /* Clear any write errors */
+                       shf_reopen(2, SHF_WR, shl_out);
+       }
+       /*
+        * Bottom of the stack.
+        * Either main shell is exiting or cleanup_parents_env() was called.
+        */
+       if (ep->oenv == NULL) {
+#ifdef DEBUG_LEAKS
+               int i;
+#endif
+
+               if (ep->type == E_NONE) {
+                       /* Main shell exiting? */
+#if HAVE_PERSISTENT_HISTORY
+                       if (Flag(FTALKING))
+                               hist_finish();
+#endif
+                       j_exit();
+                       if (ep->flags & EF_FAKE_SIGDIE) {
+                               int sig = (exstat & 0xFF) - 128;
+
+                               /*
+                                * ham up our death a bit (AT&T ksh
+                                * only seems to do this for SIGTERM)
+                                * Don't do it for SIGQUIT, since we'd
+                                * dump a core..
+                                */
+                               if ((sig == SIGINT || sig == SIGTERM) &&
+                                   (kshpgrp == kshpid)) {
+                                       setsig(&sigtraps[sig], SIG_DFL,
+                                           SS_RESTORE_CURR | SS_FORCE);
+                                       kill(0, sig);
+                               }
+                       }
+               }
+               if (shf)
+                       shf_close(shf);
+               reclaim();
+#ifdef DEBUG_LEAKS
+#ifndef MKSH_NO_CMDLINE_EDITING
+               x_done();
+#endif
+#ifndef MKSH_NOPROSPECTOFWORK
+               /* block at least SIGCHLD during/after afreeall */
+               sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, &sm_sigchld, NULL);
+#endif
+               afreeall(APERM);
+               for (fd = 3; fd < NUFILE; fd++)
+                       if ((i = fcntl(fd, F_GETFD, 0)) != -1 &&
+                           (i & FD_CLOEXEC))
+                               close(fd);
+               close(2);
+               close(1);
+               close(0);
+#endif
+               exit(exstat & 0xFF);
+       }
+       if (shf)
+               shf_close(shf);
+       reclaim();
+
+       e = e->oenv;
+
+       /* free the struct env - tricky due to the ALLOC_ITEM inside */
+       cp = (void *)ep;
+       afree(cp + sizeof(ALLOC_ITEM), ATEMP);
+}
+
+/* Called after a fork to cleanup stuff left over from parents environment */
+void
+cleanup_parents_env(void)
+{
+       struct env *ep;
+       int fd;
+
+       /*
+        * Don't clean up temporary files - parent will probably need them.
+        * Also, can't easily reclaim memory since variables, etc. could be
+        * anywhere.
+        */
+
+       /* close all file descriptors hiding in savefd */
+       for (ep = e; ep; ep = ep->oenv) {
+               if (ep->savefd) {
+                       for (fd = 0; fd < NUFILE; fd++)
+                               if (ep->savefd[fd] > 0)
+                                       close(ep->savefd[fd]);
+                       afree(ep->savefd, &ep->area);
+                       ep->savefd = NULL;
+               }
+#ifdef DEBUG_LEAKS
+               if (ep->type != E_NONE)
+                       ep->type = E_GONE;
+#endif
+       }
+#ifndef DEBUG_LEAKS
+       e->oenv = NULL;
+#endif
+}
+
+/* Called just before an execve cleanup stuff temporary files */
+void
+cleanup_proc_env(void)
+{
+       struct env *ep;
+
+       for (ep = e; ep; ep = ep->oenv)
+               remove_temps(ep->temps);
+}
+
+/* remove temp files and free ATEMP Area */
+static void
+reclaim(void)
+{
+       struct block *l;
+
+       while ((l = e->loc) && (!e->oenv || e->oenv->loc != l)) {
+               e->loc = l->next;
+               afreeall(&l->area);
+       }
+
+       remove_temps(e->temps);
+       e->temps = NULL;
+       afreeall(&e->area);
+}
+
+static void
+remove_temps(struct temp *tp)
+{
+       for (; tp != NULL; tp = tp->next)
+               if (tp->pid == procpid)
+                       unlink(tp->tffn);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Initialise tty_fd. Used for tracking the size of the terminal,
+ * saving/resetting tty modes upon forground job completion, and
+ * for setting up the tty process group. Return values:
+ *     0 = got controlling tty
+ *     1 = got terminal but no controlling tty
+ *     2 = cannot find a terminal
+ *     3 = cannot dup fd
+ *     4 = cannot make fd close-on-exec
+ * An existing tty_fd is cached if no "better" one could be found,
+ * i.e. if tty_devtty was already set or the new would not set it.
+ */
+int
+tty_init_fd(void)
+{
+       int fd, rv, eno = 0;
+       bool do_close = false, is_devtty = true;
+
+       if (tty_devtty) {
+               /* already got a tty which is /dev/tty */
+               return (0);
+       }
+
+#ifdef _UWIN
+       /*XXX imake style */
+       if (isatty(3)) {
+               /* fd 3 on UWIN _is_ /dev/tty (or our controlling tty) */
+               fd = 3;
+               goto got_fd;
+       }
+#endif
+       if ((fd = open("/dev/tty", O_RDWR, 0)) >= 0) {
+               do_close = true;
+               goto got_fd;
+       }
+       eno = errno;
+
+       if (tty_fd >= 0) {
+               /* already got a non-devtty one */
+               rv = 1;
+               goto out;
+       }
+       is_devtty = false;
+
+       if (isatty((fd = 0)) || isatty((fd = 2)))
+               goto got_fd;
+       /* cannot find one */
+       rv = 2;
+       /* assert: do_close == false */
+       goto out;
+
+ got_fd:
+       if ((rv = fcntl(fd, F_DUPFD, FDBASE)) < 0) {
+               eno = errno;
+               rv = 3;
+               goto out;
+       }
+       if (fcntl(rv, F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC) < 0) {
+               eno = errno;
+               close(rv);
+               rv = 4;
+               goto out;
+       }
+       tty_fd = rv;
+       tty_devtty = is_devtty;
+       rv = eno = 0;
+ out:
+       if (do_close)
+               close(fd);
+       errno = eno;
+       return (rv);
+}
+
+/* A shell error occurred (eg, syntax error, etc.) */
+
+#define VWARNINGF_ERRORPREFIX  1
+#define VWARNINGF_FILELINE     2
+#define VWARNINGF_BUILTIN      4
+#define VWARNINGF_INTERNAL     8
+
+static void vwarningf(unsigned int, const char *, va_list)
+    MKSH_A_FORMAT(__printf__, 2, 0);
+
+static void
+vwarningf(unsigned int flags, const char *fmt, va_list ap)
+{
+       if (fmt) {
+               if (flags & VWARNINGF_INTERNAL)
+                       shf_fprintf(shl_out, "internal error: ");
+               if (flags & VWARNINGF_ERRORPREFIX)
+                       error_prefix(tobool(flags & VWARNINGF_FILELINE));
+               if ((flags & VWARNINGF_BUILTIN) &&
+                   /* not set when main() calls parse_args() */
+                   builtin_argv0 && builtin_argv0 != kshname)
+                       shf_fprintf(shl_out, "%s: ", builtin_argv0);
+               shf_vfprintf(shl_out, fmt, ap);
+               shf_putchar('\n', shl_out);
+       }
+       shf_flush(shl_out);
+}
+
+void
+errorfx(int rc, const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+       va_list va;
+
+       exstat = rc;
+
+       /* debugging: note that stdout not valid */
+       shl_stdout_ok = false;
+
+       va_start(va, fmt);
+       vwarningf(VWARNINGF_ERRORPREFIX | VWARNINGF_FILELINE, fmt, va);
+       va_end(va);
+       unwind(LERROR);
+}
+
+void
+errorf(const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+       va_list va;
+
+       exstat = 1;
+
+       /* debugging: note that stdout not valid */
+       shl_stdout_ok = false;
+
+       va_start(va, fmt);
+       vwarningf(VWARNINGF_ERRORPREFIX | VWARNINGF_FILELINE, fmt, va);
+       va_end(va);
+       unwind(LERROR);
+}
+
+/* like errorf(), but no unwind is done */
+void
+warningf(bool fileline, const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+       va_list va;
+
+       va_start(va, fmt);
+       vwarningf(VWARNINGF_ERRORPREFIX | (fileline ? VWARNINGF_FILELINE : 0),
+           fmt, va);
+       va_end(va);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Used by built-in utilities to prefix shell and utility name to message
+ * (also unwinds environments for special builtins).
+ */
+void
+bi_errorf(const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+       va_list va;
+
+       /* debugging: note that stdout not valid */
+       shl_stdout_ok = false;
+
+       exstat = 1;
+
+       va_start(va, fmt);
+       vwarningf(VWARNINGF_ERRORPREFIX | VWARNINGF_FILELINE |
+           VWARNINGF_BUILTIN, fmt, va);
+       va_end(va);
+
+       /*
+        * POSIX special builtins and ksh special builtins cause
+        * non-interactive shells to exit. XXX may not want LERROR here
+        */
+       if (builtin_spec) {
+               builtin_argv0 = NULL;
+               unwind(LERROR);
+       }
+}
+
+/* Called when something that shouldn't happen does */
+void
+internal_errorf(const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+       va_list va;
+
+       va_start(va, fmt);
+       vwarningf(VWARNINGF_INTERNAL, fmt, va);
+       va_end(va);
+       unwind(LERROR);
+}
+
+void
+internal_warningf(const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+       va_list va;
+
+       va_start(va, fmt);
+       vwarningf(VWARNINGF_INTERNAL, fmt, va);
+       va_end(va);
+}
+
+/* used by error reporting functions to print "ksh: .kshrc[25]: " */
+void
+error_prefix(bool fileline)
+{
+       /* Avoid foo: foo[2]: ... */
+       if (!fileline || !source || !source->file ||
+           strcmp(source->file, kshname) != 0)
+               shf_fprintf(shl_out, "%s: ", kshname + (*kshname == '-'));
+       if (fileline && source && source->file != NULL) {
+               shf_fprintf(shl_out, "%s[%lu]: ", source->file,
+                   (unsigned long)(source->errline ?
+                   source->errline : source->line));
+               source->errline = 0;
+       }
+}
+
+/* printf to shl_out (stderr) with flush */
+void
+shellf(const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+       va_list va;
+
+       if (!initio_done)
+               /* shl_out may not be set up yet... */
+               return;
+       va_start(va, fmt);
+       shf_vfprintf(shl_out, fmt, va);
+       va_end(va);
+       shf_flush(shl_out);
+}
+
+/* printf to shl_stdout (stdout) */
+void
+shprintf(const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+       va_list va;
+
+       if (!shl_stdout_ok)
+               internal_errorf("shl_stdout not valid");
+       va_start(va, fmt);
+       shf_vfprintf(shl_stdout, fmt, va);
+       va_end(va);
+}
+
+/* test if we can seek backwards fd (returns 0 or SHF_UNBUF) */
+int
+can_seek(int fd)
+{
+       struct stat statb;
+
+       return (fstat(fd, &statb) == 0 && !S_ISREG(statb.st_mode) ?
+           SHF_UNBUF : 0);
+}
+
+#ifdef DF
+int shl_dbg_fd;
+#define NSHF_IOB 4
+#else
+#define NSHF_IOB 3
+#endif
+struct shf shf_iob[NSHF_IOB];
+
+void
+initio(void)
+{
+#ifdef DF
+       const char *lfp;
+#endif
+
+       /* force buffer allocation */
+       shf_fdopen(1, SHF_WR, shl_stdout);
+       shf_fdopen(2, SHF_WR, shl_out);
+       shf_fdopen(2, SHF_WR, shl_xtrace);
+#ifdef DF
+       if ((lfp = getenv("SDMKSH_PATH")) == NULL) {
+               if ((lfp = getenv("HOME")) == NULL || !mksh_abspath(lfp))
+                       errorf("cannot get home directory");
+               lfp = shf_smprintf("%s/mksh-dbg.txt", lfp);
+       }
+
+       if ((shl_dbg_fd = open(lfp, O_WRONLY | O_APPEND | O_CREAT, 0600)) < 0)
+               errorf("cannot open debug output file %s", lfp);
+       if (shl_dbg_fd < FDBASE) {
+               int nfd;
+
+               nfd = fcntl(shl_dbg_fd, F_DUPFD, FDBASE);
+               close(shl_dbg_fd);
+               if ((shl_dbg_fd = nfd) == -1)
+                       errorf("cannot dup debug output file");
+       }
+       fcntl(shl_dbg_fd, F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC);
+       shf_fdopen(shl_dbg_fd, SHF_WR, shl_dbg);
+       DF("=== open ===");
+#endif
+       initio_done = true;
+}
+
+/* A dup2() with error checking */
+int
+ksh_dup2(int ofd, int nfd, bool errok)
+{
+       int rv;
+
+       if (((rv = dup2(ofd, nfd)) < 0) && !errok && (errno != EBADF))
+               errorf("too many files open in shell");
+
+#ifdef __ultrix
+       /*XXX imake style */
+       if (rv >= 0)
+               fcntl(nfd, F_SETFD, 0);
+#endif
+
+       return (rv);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Move fd from user space (0 <= fd < 10) to shell space (fd >= 10),
+ * set close-on-exec flag. See FDBASE in sh.h, maybe 24 not 10 here.
+ */
+short
+savefd(int fd)
+{
+       int nfd = fd;
+
+       if (fd < FDBASE && (nfd = fcntl(fd, F_DUPFD, FDBASE)) < 0 &&
+           (errno == EBADF || errno == EPERM))
+               return (-1);
+       if (nfd < 0 || nfd > SHRT_MAX)
+               errorf("too many files open in shell");
+       fcntl(nfd, F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC);
+       return ((short)nfd);
+}
+
+void
+restfd(int fd, int ofd)
+{
+       if (fd == 2)
+               shf_flush(&shf_iob[/* fd */ 2]);
+       if (ofd < 0)
+               /* original fd closed */
+               close(fd);
+       else if (fd != ofd) {
+               /*XXX: what to do if this dup fails? */
+               ksh_dup2(ofd, fd, true);
+               close(ofd);
+       }
+}
+
+void
+openpipe(int *pv)
+{
+       int lpv[2];
+
+       if (pipe(lpv) < 0)
+               errorf("can't create pipe - try again");
+       pv[0] = savefd(lpv[0]);
+       if (pv[0] != lpv[0])
+               close(lpv[0]);
+       pv[1] = savefd(lpv[1]);
+       if (pv[1] != lpv[1])
+               close(lpv[1]);
+}
+
+void
+closepipe(int *pv)
+{
+       close(pv[0]);
+       close(pv[1]);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Called by iosetup() (deals with 2>&4, etc.), c_read, c_print to turn
+ * a string (the X in 2>&X, read -uX, print -uX) into a file descriptor.
+ */
+int
+check_fd(const char *name, int mode, const char **emsgp)
+{
+       int fd = 0, fl;
+
+       if (name[0] == 'p' && !name[1])
+               return (coproc_getfd(mode, emsgp));
+       while (ksh_isdigit(*name)) {
+               fd = fd * 10 + ksh_numdig(*name);
+               if (fd >= FDBASE) {
+                       if (emsgp)
+                               *emsgp = "file descriptor too large";
+                       return (-1);
+               }
+               ++name;
+       }
+       if (*name) {
+               if (emsgp)
+                       *emsgp = "illegal file descriptor name";
+               return (-1);
+       }
+       if ((fl = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0)) < 0) {
+               if (emsgp)
+                       *emsgp = "bad file descriptor";
+               return (-1);
+       }
+       fl &= O_ACCMODE;
+       /*
+        * X_OK is a kludge to disable this check for dups (x<&1):
+        * historical shells never did this check (XXX don't know what
+        * POSIX has to say).
+        */
+       if (!(mode & X_OK) && fl != O_RDWR && (
+           ((mode & R_OK) && fl != O_RDONLY) ||
+           ((mode & W_OK) && fl != O_WRONLY))) {
+               if (emsgp)
+                       *emsgp = (fl == O_WRONLY) ?
+                           "fd not open for reading" :
+                           "fd not open for writing";
+               return (-1);
+       }
+       return (fd);
+}
+
+/* Called once from main */
+void
+coproc_init(void)
+{
+       coproc.read = coproc.readw = coproc.write = -1;
+       coproc.njobs = 0;
+       coproc.id = 0;
+}
+
+/* Called by c_read() when eof is read - close fd if it is the co-process fd */
+void
+coproc_read_close(int fd)
+{
+       if (coproc.read >= 0 && fd == coproc.read) {
+               coproc_readw_close(fd);
+               close(coproc.read);
+               coproc.read = -1;
+       }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Called by c_read() and by iosetup() to close the other side of the
+ * read pipe, so reads will actually terminate.
+ */
+void
+coproc_readw_close(int fd)
+{
+       if (coproc.readw >= 0 && coproc.read >= 0 && fd == coproc.read) {
+               close(coproc.readw);
+               coproc.readw = -1;
+       }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Called by c_print when a write to a fd fails with EPIPE and by iosetup
+ * when co-process input is dup'd
+ */
+void
+coproc_write_close(int fd)
+{
+       if (coproc.write >= 0 && fd == coproc.write) {
+               close(coproc.write);
+               coproc.write = -1;
+       }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Called to check for existence of/value of the co-process file descriptor.
+ * (Used by check_fd() and by c_read/c_print to deal with -p option).
+ */
+int
+coproc_getfd(int mode, const char **emsgp)
+{
+       int fd = (mode & R_OK) ? coproc.read : coproc.write;
+
+       if (fd >= 0)
+               return (fd);
+       if (emsgp)
+               *emsgp = "no coprocess";
+       return (-1);
+}
+
+/*
+ * called to close file descriptors related to the coprocess (if any)
+ * Should be called with SIGCHLD blocked.
+ */
+void
+coproc_cleanup(int reuse)
+{
+       /* This to allow co-processes to share output pipe */
+       if (!reuse || coproc.readw < 0 || coproc.read < 0) {
+               if (coproc.read >= 0) {
+                       close(coproc.read);
+                       coproc.read = -1;
+               }
+               if (coproc.readw >= 0) {
+                       close(coproc.readw);
+                       coproc.readw = -1;
+               }
+       }
+       if (coproc.write >= 0) {
+               close(coproc.write);
+               coproc.write = -1;
+       }
+}
+
+struct temp *
+maketemp(Area *ap, Temp_type type, struct temp **tlist)
+{
+       char *cp;
+       size_t len;
+       int i, j;
+       struct temp *tp;
+       const char *dir;
+       struct stat sb;
+
+       dir = tmpdir ? tmpdir : MKSH_DEFAULT_TMPDIR;
+       /* add "/shXXXXXX.tmp" plus NUL */
+       len = strlen(dir);
+       checkoktoadd(len, offsetof(struct temp, tffn[0]) + 14);
+       tp = alloc(offsetof(struct temp, tffn[0]) + 14 + len, ap);
+
+       tp->shf = NULL;
+       tp->pid = procpid;
+       tp->type = type;
+
+       if (stat(dir, &sb) || !S_ISDIR(sb.st_mode)) {
+               tp->tffn[0] = '\0';
+               goto maketemp_out;
+       }
+
+       cp = (void *)tp;
+       cp += offsetof(struct temp, tffn[0]);
+       memcpy(cp, dir, len);
+       cp += len;
+       memcpy(cp, "/shXXXXXX.tmp", 14);
+       /* point to the first of six Xes */
+       cp += 3;
+
+       /* cyclically attempt to open a temporary file */
+       do {
+               /* generate random part of filename */
+               len = 0;
+               do {
+                       cp[len++] = digits_lc[rndget() % 36];
+               } while (len < 6);
+
+               /* check if this one works */
+               if ((i = binopen3(tp->tffn, O_CREAT | O_EXCL | O_RDWR,
+                   0600)) < 0 && errno != EEXIST)
+                       goto maketemp_out;
+       } while (i < 0);
+
+       if (type == TT_FUNSUB) {
+               /* map us high and mark as close-on-exec */
+               if ((j = savefd(i)) != i) {
+                       close(i);
+                       i = j;
+               }
+
+               /* operation mode for the shf */
+               j = SHF_RD;
+       } else
+               j = SHF_WR;
+
+       /* shf_fdopen cannot fail, so no fd leak */
+       tp->shf = shf_fdopen(i, j, NULL);
+
+ maketemp_out:
+       tp->next = *tlist;
+       *tlist = tp;
+       return (tp);
+}
+
+/*
+ * We use a similar collision resolution algorithm as Python 2.5.4
+ * but with a slightly tweaked implementation written from scratch.
+ */
+
+#define        INIT_TBLSHIFT   3       /* initial table shift (2^3 = 8) */
+#define PERTURB_SHIFT  5       /* see Python 2.5.4 Objects/dictobject.c */
+
+static void tgrow(struct table *);
+static int tnamecmp(const void *, const void *);
+
+static void
+tgrow(struct table *tp)
+{
+       size_t i, j, osize, mask, perturb;
+       struct tbl *tblp, **pp;
+       struct tbl **ntblp, **otblp = tp->tbls;
+
+       if (tp->tshift > 29)
+               internal_errorf("hash table size limit reached");
+
+       /* calculate old size, new shift and new size */
+       osize = (size_t)1 << (tp->tshift++);
+       i = osize << 1;
+
+       ntblp = alloc2(i, sizeof(struct tbl *), tp->areap);
+       /* multiplication cannot overflow: alloc2 checked that */
+       memset(ntblp, 0, i * sizeof(struct tbl *));
+
+       /* table can get very full when reaching its size limit */
+       tp->nfree = (tp->tshift == 30) ? 0x3FFF0000UL :
+           /* but otherwise, only 75% */
+           ((i * 3) / 4);
+       tp->tbls = ntblp;
+       if (otblp == NULL)
+               return;
+
+       mask = i - 1;
+       for (i = 0; i < osize; i++)
+               if ((tblp = otblp[i]) != NULL) {
+                       if ((tblp->flag & DEFINED)) {
+                               /* search for free hash table slot */
+                               j = perturb = tblp->ua.hval;
+                               goto find_first_empty_slot;
+ find_next_empty_slot:
+                               j = (j << 2) + j + perturb + 1;
+                               perturb >>= PERTURB_SHIFT;
+ find_first_empty_slot:
+                               pp = &ntblp[j & mask];
+                               if (*pp != NULL)
+                                       goto find_next_empty_slot;
+                               /* found an empty hash table slot */
+                               *pp = tblp;
+                               tp->nfree--;
+                       } else if (!(tblp->flag & FINUSE)) {
+                               afree(tblp, tp->areap);
+                       }
+               }
+       afree(otblp, tp->areap);
+}
+
+void
+ktinit(Area *ap, struct table *tp, uint8_t initshift)
+{
+       tp->areap = ap;
+       tp->tbls = NULL;
+       tp->tshift = ((initshift > INIT_TBLSHIFT) ?
+           initshift : INIT_TBLSHIFT) - 1;
+       tgrow(tp);
+}
+
+/* table, name (key) to search for, hash(name), rv pointer to tbl ptr */
+struct tbl *
+ktscan(struct table *tp, const char *name, uint32_t h, struct tbl ***ppp)
+{
+       size_t j, perturb, mask;
+       struct tbl **pp, *p;
+
+       mask = ((size_t)1 << (tp->tshift)) - 1;
+       /* search for hash table slot matching name */
+       j = perturb = h;
+       goto find_first_slot;
+ find_next_slot:
+       j = (j << 2) + j + perturb + 1;
+       perturb >>= PERTURB_SHIFT;
+ find_first_slot:
+       pp = &tp->tbls[j & mask];
+       if ((p = *pp) != NULL && (p->ua.hval != h || !(p->flag & DEFINED) ||
+           strcmp(p->name, name)))
+               goto find_next_slot;
+       /* p == NULL if not found, correct found entry otherwise */
+       if (ppp)
+               *ppp = pp;
+       return (p);
+}
+
+/* table, name (key) to enter, hash(n) */
+struct tbl *
+ktenter(struct table *tp, const char *n, uint32_t h)
+{
+       struct tbl **pp, *p;
+       size_t len;
+
+ Search:
+       if ((p = ktscan(tp, n, h, &pp)))
+               return (p);
+
+       if (tp->nfree == 0) {
+               /* too full */
+               tgrow(tp);
+               goto Search;
+       }
+
+       /* create new tbl entry */
+       len = strlen(n);
+       checkoktoadd(len, offsetof(struct tbl, name[0]) + 1);
+       p = alloc(offsetof(struct tbl, name[0]) + ++len, tp->areap);
+       p->flag = 0;
+       p->type = 0;
+       p->areap = tp->areap;
+       p->ua.hval = h;
+       p->u2.field = 0;
+       p->u.array = NULL;
+       memcpy(p->name, n, len);
+
+       /* enter in tp->tbls */
+       tp->nfree--;
+       *pp = p;
+       return (p);
+}
+
+void
+ktwalk(struct tstate *ts, struct table *tp)
+{
+       ts->left = (size_t)1 << (tp->tshift);
+       ts->next = tp->tbls;
+}
+
+struct tbl *
+ktnext(struct tstate *ts)
+{
+       while (--ts->left >= 0) {
+               struct tbl *p = *ts->next++;
+               if (p != NULL && (p->flag & DEFINED))
+                       return (p);
+       }
+       return (NULL);
+}
+
+static int
+tnamecmp(const void *p1, const void *p2)
+{
+       const struct tbl *a = *((const struct tbl * const *)p1);
+       const struct tbl *b = *((const struct tbl * const *)p2);
+
+       return (strcmp(a->name, b->name));
+}
+
+struct tbl **
+ktsort(struct table *tp)
+{
+       size_t i;
+       struct tbl **p, **sp, **dp;
+
+       /*
+        * since the table is never entirely full, no need to reserve
+        * additional space for the trailing NULL appended below
+        */
+       i = (size_t)1 << (tp->tshift);
+       p = alloc2(i, sizeof(struct tbl *), ATEMP);
+       sp = tp->tbls;          /* source */
+       dp = p;                 /* dest */
+       while (i--)
+               if ((*dp = *sp++) != NULL && (((*dp)->flag & DEFINED) ||
+                   ((*dp)->flag & ARRAY)))
+                       dp++;
+       qsort(p, (i = dp - p), sizeof(struct tbl *), tnamecmp);
+       p[i] = NULL;
+       return (p);
+}
+
+#ifdef SIGWINCH
+static void
+x_sigwinch(int sig MKSH_A_UNUSED)
+{
+       /* this runs inside interrupt context, with errno saved */
+
+       got_winch = 1;
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef DF
+void
+DF(const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+       va_list args;
+       struct timeval tv;
+       mirtime_mjd mjd;
+
+       mksh_lockfd(shl_dbg_fd);
+       mksh_TIME(tv);
+       timet2mjd(&mjd, tv.tv_sec);
+       shf_fprintf(shl_dbg, "[%02u:%02u:%02u (%u) %u.%06u] ",
+           (unsigned)mjd.sec / 3600, ((unsigned)mjd.sec / 60) % 60,
+           (unsigned)mjd.sec % 60, (unsigned)getpid(),
+           (unsigned)tv.tv_sec, (unsigned)tv.tv_usec);
+       va_start(args, fmt);
+       shf_vfprintf(shl_dbg, fmt, args);
+       va_end(args);
+       shf_putc('\n', shl_dbg);
+       shf_flush(shl_dbg);
+       mksh_unlkfd(shl_dbg_fd);
+}
+#endif
+
+void
+x_mkraw(int fd, mksh_ttyst *ocb, bool forread)
+{
+       mksh_ttyst cb;
+
+       if (ocb)
+               mksh_tcget(fd, ocb);
+       else
+               ocb = &tty_state;
+
+       cb = *ocb;
+       if (forread) {
+               cb.c_iflag &= ~(ISTRIP);
+               cb.c_lflag &= ~(ICANON) | ECHO;
+       } else {
+               cb.c_iflag &= ~(INLCR | ICRNL | ISTRIP);
+               cb.c_lflag &= ~(ISIG | ICANON | ECHO);
+       }
+#if defined(VLNEXT) && defined(_POSIX_VDISABLE)
+       /* OSF/1 processes lnext when ~icanon */
+       cb.c_cc[VLNEXT] = _POSIX_VDISABLE;
+#endif
+       /* SunOS 4.1.x & OSF/1 processes discard(flush) when ~icanon */
+#if defined(VDISCARD) && defined(_POSIX_VDISABLE)
+       cb.c_cc[VDISCARD] = _POSIX_VDISABLE;
+#endif
+       cb.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
+       cb.c_cc[VMIN] = 1;
+
+       mksh_tcset(fd, &cb);
+}
diff --git a/source/sh/mirhash.h b/source/sh/mirhash.h
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..0105b22
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,226 @@
+/*-
+ * Copyright © 2011, 2014, 2015
+ *     mirabilos <m@mirbsd.org>
+ *
+ * Provided that these terms and disclaimer and all copyright notices
+ * are retained or reproduced in an accompanying document, permission
+ * is granted to deal in this work without restriction, including un‐
+ * limited rights to use, publicly perform, distribute, sell, modify,
+ * merge, give away, or sublicence.
+ *
+ * This work is provided “AS IS” and WITHOUT WARRANTY of any kind, to
+ * the utmost extent permitted by applicable law, neither express nor
+ * implied; without malicious intent or gross negligence. In no event
+ * may a licensor, author or contributor be held liable for indirect,
+ * direct, other damage, loss, or other issues arising in any way out
+ * of dealing in the work, even if advised of the possibility of such
+ * damage or existence of a defect, except proven that it results out
+ * of said person’s immediate fault when using the work as intended.
+ *-
+ * This file provides BAFH (Better Avalanche for the Jenkins Hash) as
+ * inline macro bodies that operate on “register uint32_t” variables,
+ * with variants that use their local intermediate registers.
+ *
+ * Usage note for BAFH with entropy distribution: input up to 4 bytes
+ * is best combined into a 32-bit unsigned integer, which is then run
+ * through BAFHFinish_reg for mixing and then used as context instead
+ * of 0. Longer input should be handled the same: take the first four
+ * bytes as IV after mixing then add subsequent bytes the same way.
+ * This needs counting input bytes and is endian-dependent, thus not,
+ * for speed reasons, specified for the regular stable hash, but very
+ * much recommended if the actual output value may differ across runs
+ * (so is using a random value instead of 0 for the IV).
+ *-
+ * Little quote gem:
+ *     We are looking into it. Changing the core
+ *     hash function in PHP isn't a trivial change
+ *     and will take us some time.
+ * -- Rasmus Lerdorf
+ */
+
+#ifndef SYSKERN_MIRHASH_H
+#define SYSKERN_MIRHASH_H 1
+#define SYSKERN_MIRHASH_BAFH
+
+#include <sys/types.h>
+
+__RCSID("$MirOS: src/bin/mksh/mirhash.h,v 1.6 2015/11/29 17:05:02 tg Exp $");
+
+/*-
+ * BAFH itself is defined by the following primitives:
+ *
+ * • BAFHInit(ctx) initialises the hash context, which consists of a
+ *   sole 32-bit unsigned integer (ideally in a register), to 0.
+ *   It is possible to use any initial value out of [0; 2³²[ – which
+ *   is, in fact, recommended if using BAFH for entropy distribution
+ *   – but for a regular stable hash, the IV 0 is needed.
+ *
+ * • BAFHUpdateOctet(ctx,val) compresses the unsigned 8-bit quantity
+ *   into the hash context. The algorithm used is Jenkins’ one-at-a-
+ *   time, except that an additional constant 1 is added so that, if
+ *   the context is (still) zero, adding a NUL byte is not ignored.
+ *
+ * • BAFHror(eax,cl) evaluates to the unsigned 32-bit integer “eax”,
+ *   rotated right by “cl” ∈ [0; 31] (no casting, be careful!) where
+ *   “eax” must be uint32_t and “cl” an in-range integer.
+ *
+ * • BAFHFinish(ctx) avalanches the context around so every sub-byte
+ *   depends on all input octets; afterwards, the context variable’s
+ *   value is the hash output. BAFH does not use any padding, nor is
+ *   the input length added; this is due to the common use case (for
+ *   quick entropy distribution and use with a hashtable).
+ *   Warning: BAFHFinish uses the MixColumn algorithm of AES – which
+ *   is reversible (to avoid introducing funnels and reducing entro‐
+ *   py), so blinding may need to be employed for some uses, e.g. in
+ *   mksh, after a fork.
+ *
+ * The BAFHUpdateOctet and BAFHFinish are available in two flavours:
+ * suffixed with _reg (assumes the context is in a register) or _mem
+ * (which doesn’t).
+ *
+ * The following high-level macros (with _reg and _mem variants) are
+ * available:
+ *
+ * • BAFHUpdateMem(ctx,buf,len) adds a memory block to a context.
+ * • BAFHUpdateStr(ctx,buf) is equivalent to using len=strlen(buf).
+ * • BAFHHostMem(ctx,buf,len) calculates the hash of the memory buf‐
+ *   fer using the first 4 octets (mixed) for IV, as outlined above;
+ *   the result is endian-dependent; “ctx” assumed to be a register.
+ * • BAFHHostStr(ctx,buf) does the same for C strings.
+ *
+ * All macros may use ctx multiple times in their expansion, but all
+ * other arguments are always evaluated at most once except BAFHror.
+ *
+ * To stay portable, never use the BAFHHost*() macros (these are for
+ * host-local entropy shuffling), and encode numbers using ULEB128.
+ */
+
+#define BAFHInit(h) do {                                       \
+       (h) = 0;                                                \
+} while (/* CONSTCOND */ 0)
+
+#define BAFHUpdateOctet_reg(h,b) do {                          \
+       (h) += (uint8_t)(b);                                    \
+       ++(h);                                                  \
+       (h) += (h) << 10;                                       \
+       (h) ^= (h) >> 6;                                        \
+} while (/* CONSTCOND */ 0)
+
+#define BAFHUpdateOctet_mem(m,b) do {                          \
+       register uint32_t BAFH_h = (m);                         \
+                                                               \
+       BAFHUpdateOctet_reg(BAFH_h, (b));                       \
+       (m) = BAFH_h;                                           \
+} while (/* CONSTCOND */ 0)
+
+#define BAFHror(eax,cl) (((eax) >> (cl)) | ((eax) << (32 - (cl))))
+
+#define BAFHFinish_reg(h) do {                                 \
+       register uint32_t BAFHFinish_v;                         \
+                                                               \
+       BAFHFinish_v = ((h) >> 7) & 0x01010101U;                \
+       BAFHFinish_v += BAFHFinish_v << 1;                      \
+       BAFHFinish_v += BAFHFinish_v << 3;                      \
+       BAFHFinish_v ^= ((h) << 1) & 0xFEFEFEFEU;               \
+                                                               \
+       BAFHFinish_v ^= BAFHror(BAFHFinish_v, 8);               \
+       BAFHFinish_v ^= ((h) = BAFHror((h), 8));                \
+       BAFHFinish_v ^= ((h) = BAFHror((h), 8));                \
+       (h) = BAFHror((h), 8) ^ BAFHFinish_v;                   \
+} while (/* CONSTCOND */ 0)
+
+#define BAFHFinish_mem(m) do {                                 \
+       register uint32_t BAFHFinish_v, BAFH_h = (m);           \
+                                                               \
+       BAFHFinish_v = (BAFH_h >> 7) & 0x01010101U;             \
+       BAFHFinish_v += BAFHFinish_v << 1;                      \
+       BAFHFinish_v += BAFHFinish_v << 3;                      \
+       BAFHFinish_v ^= (BAFH_h << 1) & 0xFEFEFEFEU;            \
+                                                               \
+       BAFHFinish_v ^= BAFHror(BAFHFinish_v, 8);               \
+       BAFHFinish_v ^= (BAFH_h = BAFHror(BAFH_h, 8));          \
+       BAFHFinish_v ^= (BAFH_h = BAFHror(BAFH_h, 8));          \
+       (m) = BAFHror(BAFH_h, 8) ^ BAFHFinish_v;                \
+} while (/* CONSTCOND */ 0)
+
+#define BAFHUpdateMem_reg(h,p,z) do {                          \
+       register const uint8_t *BAFHUpdate_p;                   \
+       register size_t BAFHUpdate_z = (z);                     \
+                                                               \
+       BAFHUpdate_p = (const void *)(p);                       \
+       while (BAFHUpdate_z--)                                  \
+               BAFHUpdateOctet_reg((h), *BAFHUpdate_p++);      \
+} while (/* CONSTCOND */ 0)
+
+/* meh should have named them _r/m but that’s not valid C */
+#define BAFHUpdateMem_mem(m,p,z) do {                          \
+       register uint32_t BAFH_h = (m);                         \
+                                                               \
+       BAFHUpdateMem_reg(BAFH_h, (p), (z));                    \
+       (m) = BAFH_h;                                           \
+} while (/* CONSTCOND */ 0)
+
+#define BAFHUpdateStr_reg(h,s) do {                            \
+       register const uint8_t *BAFHUpdate_s;                   \
+       register uint8_t BAFHUpdate_c;                          \
+                                                               \
+       BAFHUpdate_s = (const void *)(s);                       \
+       while ((BAFHUpdate_c = *BAFHUpdate_s++) != 0)           \
+               BAFHUpdateOctet_reg((h), BAFHUpdate_c);         \
+} while (/* CONSTCOND */ 0)
+
+#define BAFHUpdateStr_mem(m,s) do {                            \
+       register uint32_t BAFH_h = (m);                         \
+                                                               \
+       BAFHUpdateStr_reg(BAFH_h, (s));                         \
+       (m) = BAFH_h;                                           \
+} while (/* CONSTCOND */ 0)
+
+#define BAFHHostMem(h,p,z) do {                                        \
+       register const uint8_t *BAFHUpdate_p;                   \
+       register size_t BAFHUpdate_z = (z);                     \
+       size_t BAFHHost_z;                                      \
+       union {                                                 \
+               uint8_t as_u8[4];                               \
+               uint32_t as_u32;                                \
+       } BAFHHost_v;                                           \
+                                                               \
+       BAFHUpdate_p = (const void *)(p);                       \
+       BAFHHost_v.as_u32 = 0;                                  \
+       BAFHHost_z = BAFHUpdate_z < 4 ? BAFHUpdate_z : 4;       \
+       memcpy(BAFHHost_v.as_u8, BAFHUpdate_p, BAFHHost_z);     \
+       BAFHUpdate_p += BAFHHost_z;                             \
+       BAFHUpdate_z -= BAFHHost_z;                             \
+       (h) = BAFHHost_v.as_u32;                                \
+       BAFHFinish_reg(h);                                      \
+       while (BAFHUpdate_z--)                                  \
+               BAFHUpdateOctet_reg((h), *BAFHUpdate_p++);      \
+       BAFHFinish_reg(h);                                      \
+} while (/* CONSTCOND */ 0)
+
+#define BAFHHostStr(h,s) do {                                  \
+       register const uint8_t *BAFHUpdate_s;                   \
+       register uint8_t BAFHUpdate_c;                          \
+       union {                                                 \
+               uint8_t as_u8[4];                               \
+               uint32_t as_u32;                                \
+       } BAFHHost_v;                                           \
+                                                               \
+       BAFHUpdate_s = (const void *)(s);                       \
+       BAFHHost_v.as_u32 = 0;                                  \
+       if ((BAFHHost_v.as_u8[0] = *BAFHUpdate_s) != 0)         \
+               ++BAFHUpdate_s;                                 \
+       if ((BAFHHost_v.as_u8[1] = *BAFHUpdate_s) != 0)         \
+               ++BAFHUpdate_s;                                 \
+       if ((BAFHHost_v.as_u8[2] = *BAFHUpdate_s) != 0)         \
+               ++BAFHUpdate_s;                                 \
+       if ((BAFHHost_v.as_u8[3] = *BAFHUpdate_s) != 0)         \
+               ++BAFHUpdate_s;                                 \
+       (h) = BAFHHost_v.as_u32;                                \
+       BAFHFinish_reg(h);                                      \
+       while ((BAFHUpdate_c = *BAFHUpdate_s++) != 0)           \
+               BAFHUpdateOctet_reg((h), BAFHUpdate_c);         \
+       BAFHFinish_reg(h);                                      \
+} while (/* CONSTCOND */ 0)
+
+#endif
diff --git a/source/sh/misc.c b/source/sh/misc.c
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..6d06dff
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,2263 @@
+/*     $OpenBSD: misc.c,v 1.41 2015/09/10 22:48:58 nicm Exp $  */
+/*     $OpenBSD: path.c,v 1.13 2015/09/05 09:47:08 jsg Exp $   */
+
+/*-
+ * Copyright (c) 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010,
+ *              2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016
+ *     mirabilos <m@mirbsd.org>
+ *
+ * Provided that these terms and disclaimer and all copyright notices
+ * are retained or reproduced in an accompanying document, permission
+ * is granted to deal in this work without restriction, including un-
+ * limited rights to use, publicly perform, distribute, sell, modify,
+ * merge, give away, or sublicence.
+ *
+ * This work is provided "AS IS" and WITHOUT WARRANTY of any kind, to
+ * the utmost extent permitted by applicable law, neither express nor
+ * implied; without malicious intent or gross negligence. In no event
+ * may a licensor, author or contributor be held liable for indirect,
+ * direct, other damage, loss, or other issues arising in any way out
+ * of dealing in the work, even if advised of the possibility of such
+ * damage or existence of a defect, except proven that it results out
+ * of said person's immediate fault when using the work as intended.
+ */
+
+#include "sh.h"
+#if !HAVE_GETRUSAGE
+#include <sys/times.h>
+#endif
+#if HAVE_GRP_H
+#include <grp.h>
+#endif
+
+__RCSID("$MirOS: src/bin/mksh/misc.c,v 1.242 2016/03/04 14:26:13 tg Exp $");
+
+#define KSH_CHVT_FLAG
+#ifdef MKSH_SMALL
+#undef KSH_CHVT_FLAG
+#endif
+#ifdef TIOCSCTTY
+#define KSH_CHVT_CODE
+#define KSH_CHVT_FLAG
+#endif
+#ifdef MKSH_LEGACY_MODE
+#undef KSH_CHVT_CODE
+#undef KSH_CHVT_FLAG
+#endif
+
+/* type bits for unsigned char */
+unsigned char chtypes[UCHAR_MAX + 1];
+
+static const unsigned char *pat_scan(const unsigned char *,
+    const unsigned char *, bool) MKSH_A_PURE;
+static int do_gmatch(const unsigned char *, const unsigned char *,
+    const unsigned char *, const unsigned char *) MKSH_A_PURE;
+static const unsigned char *gmatch_cclass(const unsigned char *, unsigned char)
+    MKSH_A_PURE;
+#ifdef KSH_CHVT_CODE
+static void chvt(const Getopt *);
+#endif
+
+/*XXX this should go away */
+static int make_path(const char *, const char *, char **, XString *, int *);
+
+#ifdef SETUID_CAN_FAIL_WITH_EAGAIN
+/* we don't need to check for other codes, EPERM won't happen */
+#define DO_SETUID(func, argvec) do {                                   \
+       if ((func argvec) && errno == EAGAIN)                           \
+               errorf("%s failed with EAGAIN, probably due to a"       \
+                   " too low process limit; aborting", #func);         \
+} while (/* CONSTCOND */ 0)
+#else
+#define DO_SETUID(func, argvec) func argvec
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Fast character classes
+ */
+void
+setctypes(const char *s, int t)
+{
+       unsigned int i;
+
+       if (t & C_IFS) {
+               for (i = 0; i < UCHAR_MAX + 1; i++)
+                       chtypes[i] &= ~C_IFS;
+               /* include \0 in C_IFS */
+               chtypes[0] |= C_IFS;
+       }
+       while (*s != 0)
+               chtypes[(unsigned char)*s++] |= t;
+}
+
+void
+initctypes(void)
+{
+       setctypes(letters_uc, C_ALPHA);
+       setctypes(letters_lc, C_ALPHA);
+       chtypes['_'] |= C_ALPHA;
+       setctypes("0123456789", C_DIGIT);
+       /* \0 added automatically */
+       setctypes(TC_LEX1, C_LEX1);
+       setctypes("*@#!$-?", C_VAR1);
+       setctypes(TC_IFSWS, C_IFSWS);
+       setctypes("=-+?", C_SUBOP1);
+       setctypes("\t\n \"#$&'()*;<=>?[\\]`|", C_QUOTE);
+}
+
+/* called from XcheckN() to grow buffer */
+char *
+Xcheck_grow(XString *xsp, const char *xp, size_t more)
+{
+       const char *old_beg = xsp->beg;
+
+       if (more < xsp->len)
+               more = xsp->len;
+       /* (xsp->len + X_EXTRA) never overflows */
+       checkoktoadd(more, xsp->len + X_EXTRA);
+       xsp->beg = aresize(xsp->beg, (xsp->len += more) + X_EXTRA, xsp->areap);
+       xsp->end = xsp->beg + xsp->len;
+       return (xsp->beg + (xp - old_beg));
+}
+
+
+#define SHFLAGS_DEFNS
+#define FN(sname,cname,flags,ochar)            \
+       static const struct {                   \
+               /* character flag (if any) */   \
+               char c;                         \
+               /* OF_* */                      \
+               unsigned char optflags;         \
+               /* long name of option */       \
+               char name[sizeof(sname)];       \
+       } shoptione_ ## cname = {               \
+               ochar, flags, sname             \
+       };
+#include "sh_flags.gen"
+
+#define OFC(i) (options[i][-2])
+#define OFF(i) (((const unsigned char *)options[i])[-1])
+#define OFN(i) (options[i])
+
+const char * const options[] = {
+#define SHFLAGS_ITEMS
+#include "sh_flags.gen"
+};
+
+/*
+ * translate -o option into F* constant (also used for test -o option)
+ */
+size_t
+option(const char *n)
+{
+       size_t i = 0;
+
+       if ((n[0] == '-' || n[0] == '+') && n[1] && !n[2])
+               while (i < NELEM(options)) {
+                       if (OFC(i) == n[1])
+                               return (i);
+                       ++i;
+               }
+       else
+               while (i < NELEM(options)) {
+                       if (!strcmp(OFN(i), n))
+                               return (i);
+                       ++i;
+               }
+
+       return ((size_t)-1);
+}
+
+struct options_info {
+       int opt_width;
+       int opts[NELEM(options)];
+};
+
+static void options_fmt_entry(char *, size_t, unsigned int, const void *);
+static void printoptions(bool);
+
+/* format a single select menu item */
+static void
+options_fmt_entry(char *buf, size_t buflen, unsigned int i, const void *arg)
+{
+       const struct options_info *oi = (const struct options_info *)arg;
+
+       shf_snprintf(buf, buflen, "%-*s %s",
+           oi->opt_width, OFN(oi->opts[i]),
+           Flag(oi->opts[i]) ? "on" : "off");
+}
+
+static void
+printoptions(bool verbose)
+{
+       size_t i = 0;
+
+       if (verbose) {
+               size_t n = 0, len, octs = 0;
+               struct options_info oi;
+
+               /* verbose version */
+               shf_puts("Current option settings\n", shl_stdout);
+
+               oi.opt_width = 0;
+               while (i < NELEM(options)) {
+                       if ((len = strlen(OFN(i)))) {
+                               oi.opts[n++] = i;
+                               if (len > octs)
+                                       octs = len;
+                               len = utf_mbswidth(OFN(i));
+                               if ((int)len > oi.opt_width)
+                                       oi.opt_width = (int)len;
+                       }
+                       ++i;
+               }
+               print_columns(shl_stdout, n, options_fmt_entry, &oi,
+                   octs + 4, oi.opt_width + 4, true);
+       } else {
+               /* short version like AT&T ksh93 */
+               shf_puts(Tset, shl_stdout);
+               while (i < NELEM(options)) {
+                       if (Flag(i) && OFN(i)[0])
+                               shprintf(" -o %s", OFN(i));
+                       ++i;
+               }
+               shf_putc('\n', shl_stdout);
+       }
+}
+
+char *
+getoptions(void)
+{
+       size_t i = 0;
+       char c, m[(int)FNFLAGS + 1];
+       char *cp = m;
+
+       while (i < NELEM(options)) {
+               if ((c = OFC(i)) && Flag(i))
+                       *cp++ = c;
+               ++i;
+       }
+       strndupx(cp, m, cp - m, ATEMP);
+       return (cp);
+}
+
+/* change a Flag(*) value; takes care of special actions */
+void
+change_flag(enum sh_flag f, int what, bool newset)
+{
+       unsigned char oldval;
+       unsigned char newval = (newset ? 1 : 0);
+
+       if (f == FXTRACE) {
+               change_xtrace(newval, true);
+               return;
+       }
+       oldval = Flag(f);
+       Flag(f) = newval = (newset ? 1 : 0);
+#ifndef MKSH_UNEMPLOYED
+       if (f == FMONITOR) {
+               if (what != OF_CMDLINE && newval != oldval)
+                       j_change();
+       } else
+#endif
+#ifndef MKSH_NO_CMDLINE_EDITING
+         if ((
+#if !MKSH_S_NOVI
+           f == FVI ||
+#endif
+           f == FEMACS || f == FGMACS) && newval) {
+#if !MKSH_S_NOVI
+               Flag(FVI) =
+#endif
+                   Flag(FEMACS) = Flag(FGMACS) = 0;
+               Flag(f) = newval;
+       } else
+#endif
+         if (f == FPRIVILEGED && oldval && !newval) {
+               /* Turning off -p? */
+
+               /*XXX this can probably be optimised */
+               kshegid = kshgid = getgid();
+               ksheuid = kshuid = getuid();
+#if HAVE_SETRESUGID
+               DO_SETUID(setresgid, (kshegid, kshegid, kshegid));
+#if HAVE_SETGROUPS
+               /* setgroups doesn't EAGAIN on Linux */
+               setgroups(1, &kshegid);
+#endif
+               DO_SETUID(setresuid, (ksheuid, ksheuid, ksheuid));
+#else /* !HAVE_SETRESUGID */
+               /* setgid, setegid, seteuid don't EAGAIN on Linux */
+               setgid(kshegid);
+#ifndef MKSH__NO_SETEUGID
+               setegid(kshegid);
+#endif
+               DO_SETUID(setuid, (ksheuid));
+#ifndef MKSH__NO_SETEUGID
+               seteuid(ksheuid);
+#endif
+#endif /* !HAVE_SETRESUGID */
+       } else if ((f == FPOSIX || f == FSH) && newval) {
+               /* Turning on -o posix or -o sh? */
+               Flag(FBRACEEXPAND) = 0;
+       } else if (f == FTALKING) {
+               /* Changing interactive flag? */
+               if ((what == OF_CMDLINE || what == OF_SET) && procpid == kshpid)
+                       Flag(FTALKING_I) = newval;
+       }
+}
+
+void
+change_xtrace(unsigned char newval, bool dosnapshot)
+{
+       static bool in_xtrace;
+
+       if (in_xtrace)
+               return;
+
+       if (!dosnapshot && newval == Flag(FXTRACE))
+               return;
+
+       if (Flag(FXTRACE) == 2) {
+               shf_putc('\n', shl_xtrace);
+               Flag(FXTRACE) = 1;
+               shf_flush(shl_xtrace);
+       }
+
+       if (!dosnapshot && Flag(FXTRACE) == 1)
+               switch (newval) {
+               case 1:
+                       return;
+               case 2:
+                       goto changed_xtrace;
+               }
+
+       shf_flush(shl_xtrace);
+       if (shl_xtrace->fd != 2)
+               close(shl_xtrace->fd);
+       if (!newval || (shl_xtrace->fd = savefd(2)) == -1)
+               shl_xtrace->fd = 2;
+
+ changed_xtrace:
+       if ((Flag(FXTRACE) = newval) == 2) {
+               in_xtrace = true;
+               Flag(FXTRACE) = 0;
+               shf_puts(substitute(str_val(global("PS4")), 0), shl_xtrace);
+               Flag(FXTRACE) = 2;
+               in_xtrace = false;
+       }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Parse command line and set command arguments. Returns the index of
+ * non-option arguments, -1 if there is an error.
+ */
+int
+parse_args(const char **argv,
+    /* OF_CMDLINE or OF_SET */
+    int what,
+    bool *setargsp)
+{
+       static const char cmd_opts[] =
+#define SHFLAGS_NOT_SET
+#define SHFLAGS_OPTCS
+#include "sh_flags.gen"
+#undef SHFLAGS_NOT_SET
+           ;
+       static const char set_opts[] =
+#define SHFLAGS_NOT_CMD
+#define SHFLAGS_OPTCS
+#include "sh_flags.gen"
+#undef SHFLAGS_NOT_CMD
+           ;
+       bool set;
+       const char *opts;
+       const char *array = NULL;
+       Getopt go;
+       size_t i;
+       int optc, arrayset = 0;
+       bool sortargs = false;
+       bool fcompatseen = false;
+
+       if (what == OF_CMDLINE) {
+               const char *p = argv[0], *q;
+               /*
+                * Set FLOGIN before parsing options so user can clear
+                * flag using +l.
+                */
+               if (*p != '-')
+                       for (q = p; *q; )
+                               if (*q++ == '/')
+                                       p = q;
+               Flag(FLOGIN) = (*p == '-');
+               opts = cmd_opts;
+       } else if (what == OF_FIRSTTIME) {
+               opts = cmd_opts;
+       } else
+               opts = set_opts;
+       ksh_getopt_reset(&go, GF_ERROR|GF_PLUSOPT);
+       while ((optc = ksh_getopt(argv, &go, opts)) != -1) {
+               set = tobool(!(go.info & GI_PLUS));
+               switch (optc) {
+               case 'A':
+                       if (what == OF_FIRSTTIME)
+                               break;
+                       arrayset = set ? 1 : -1;
+                       array = go.optarg;
+                       break;
+
+               case 'o':
+                       if (what == OF_FIRSTTIME)
+                               break;
+                       if (go.optarg == NULL) {
+                               /*
+                                * lone -o: print options
+                                *
+                                * Note that on the command line, -o requires
+                                * an option (ie, can't get here if what is
+                                * OF_CMDLINE).
+                                */
+                               printoptions(set);
+                               break;
+                       }
+                       i = option(go.optarg);
+                       if ((i == FPOSIX || i == FSH) && set && !fcompatseen) {
+                               /*
+                                * If running 'set -o posix' or
+                                * 'set -o sh', turn off the other;
+                                * if running 'set -o posix -o sh'
+                                * allow both to be set though.
+                                */
+                               Flag(FPOSIX) = 0;
+                               Flag(FSH) = 0;
+                               fcompatseen = true;
+                       }
+                       if ((i != (size_t)-1) && (set ? 1U : 0U) == Flag(i))
+                               /*
+                                * Don't check the context if the flag
+                                * isn't changing - makes "set -o interactive"
+                                * work if you're already interactive. Needed
+                                * if the output of "set +o" is to be used.
+                                */
+                               ;
+                       else if ((i != (size_t)-1) && (OFF(i) & what))
+                               change_flag((enum sh_flag)i, what, set);
+                       else {
+                               bi_errorf("%s: %s", go.optarg, "bad option");
+                               return (-1);
+                       }
+                       break;
+
+#ifdef KSH_CHVT_FLAG
+               case 'T':
+                       if (what != OF_FIRSTTIME)
+                               break;
+#ifndef KSH_CHVT_CODE
+                       errorf("no TIOCSCTTY ioctl");
+#else
+                       change_flag(FTALKING, OF_CMDLINE, true);
+                       chvt(&go);
+                       break;
+#endif
+#endif
+
+               case '?':
+                       return (-1);
+
+               default:
+                       if (what == OF_FIRSTTIME)
+                               break;
+                       /* -s: sort positional params (AT&T ksh stupidity) */
+                       if (what == OF_SET && optc == 's') {
+                               sortargs = true;
+                               break;
+                       }
+                       for (i = 0; i < NELEM(options); i++)
+                               if (optc == OFC(i) &&
+                                   (what & OFF(i))) {
+                                       change_flag((enum sh_flag)i, what, set);
+                                       break;
+                               }
+                       if (i == NELEM(options))
+                               internal_errorf("parse_args: '%c'", optc);
+               }
+       }
+       if (!(go.info & GI_MINUSMINUS) && argv[go.optind] &&
+           (argv[go.optind][0] == '-' || argv[go.optind][0] == '+') &&
+           argv[go.optind][1] == '\0') {
+               /* lone - clears -v and -x flags */
+               if (argv[go.optind][0] == '-') {
+                       Flag(FVERBOSE) = 0;
+                       change_xtrace(0, false);
+               }
+               /* set skips lone - or + option */
+               go.optind++;
+       }
+       if (setargsp)
+               /* -- means set $#/$* even if there are no arguments */
+               *setargsp = !arrayset && ((go.info & GI_MINUSMINUS) ||
+                   argv[go.optind]);
+
+       if (arrayset) {
+               const char *ccp = NULL;
+
+               if (*array)
+                       ccp = skip_varname(array, false);
+               if (!ccp || !(!ccp[0] || (ccp[0] == '+' && !ccp[1]))) {
+                       bi_errorf("%s: %s", array, "is not an identifier");
+                       return (-1);
+               }
+       }
+       if (sortargs) {
+               for (i = go.optind; argv[i]; i++)
+                       ;
+               qsort(&argv[go.optind], i - go.optind, sizeof(void *),
+                   xstrcmp);
+       }
+       if (arrayset)
+               go.optind += set_array(array, tobool(arrayset > 0),
+                   argv + go.optind);
+
+       return (go.optind);
+}
+
+/* parse a decimal number: returns 0 if string isn't a number, 1 otherwise */
+int
+getn(const char *s, int *ai)
+{
+       char c;
+       mksh_ari_u num;
+       bool neg = false;
+
+       num.u = 0;
+
+       do {
+               c = *s++;
+       } while (ksh_isspace(c));
+
+       switch (c) {
+       case '-':
+               neg = true;
+               /* FALLTHROUGH */
+       case '+':
+               c = *s++;
+               break;
+       }
+
+       do {
+               if (!ksh_isdigit(c))
+                       /* not numeric */
+                       return (0);
+               if (num.u > 214748364U)
+                       /* overflow on multiplication */
+                       return (0);
+               num.u = num.u * 10U + (unsigned int)ksh_numdig(c);
+               /* now: num.u <= 2147483649U */
+       } while ((c = *s++));
+
+       if (num.u > (neg ? 2147483648U : 2147483647U))
+               /* overflow for signed 32-bit int */
+               return (0);
+
+       if (neg)
+               num.u = -num.u;
+       *ai = num.i;
+       return (1);
+}
+
+/**
+ * pattern simplifications:
+ * - @(x) -> x (not @(x|y) though)
+ * - ** -> *
+ */
+static void *
+simplify_gmatch_pattern(const unsigned char *sp)
+{
+       uint8_t c;
+       unsigned char *cp, *dp;
+       const unsigned char *ps, *se;
+
+       cp = alloc(strlen((const void *)sp) + 1, ATEMP);
+       goto simplify_gmatch_pat1a;
+
+       /* foo@(b@(a)r)b@(a|a)z -> foobarb@(a|a)z */
+ simplify_gmatch_pat1:
+       sp = cp;
+ simplify_gmatch_pat1a:
+       dp = cp;
+       se = sp + strlen((const void *)sp);
+       while ((c = *sp++)) {
+               if (!ISMAGIC(c)) {
+                       *dp++ = c;
+                       continue;
+               }
+               switch ((c = *sp++)) {
+               case 0x80|'@':
+               /* simile for @ */
+               case 0x80|' ':
+                       /* check whether it has only one clause */
+                       ps = pat_scan(sp, se, true);
+                       if (!ps || ps[-1] != /*(*/ ')')
+                               /* nope */
+                               break;
+                       /* copy inner clause until matching close */
+                       ps -= 2;
+                       while ((const unsigned char *)sp < ps)
+                               *dp++ = *sp++;
+                       /* skip MAGIC and closing parenthesis */
+                       sp += 2;
+                       /* copy the rest of the pattern */
+                       memmove(dp, sp, strlen((const void *)sp) + 1);
+                       /* redo from start */
+                       goto simplify_gmatch_pat1;
+               }
+               *dp++ = MAGIC;
+               *dp++ = c;
+       }
+       *dp = '\0';
+
+       /* collapse adjacent asterisk wildcards */
+       sp = dp = cp;
+       while ((c = *sp++)) {
+               if (!ISMAGIC(c)) {
+                       *dp++ = c;
+                       continue;
+               }
+               switch ((c = *sp++)) {
+               case '*':
+                       while (ISMAGIC(sp[0]) && sp[1] == c)
+                               sp += 2;
+                       break;
+               }
+               *dp++ = MAGIC;
+               *dp++ = c;
+       }
+       *dp = '\0';
+
+       /* return the result, allocated from ATEMP */
+       return (cp);
+}
+
+/* -------- gmatch.c -------- */
+
+/*
+ * int gmatch(string, pattern)
+ * char *string, *pattern;
+ *
+ * Match a pattern as in sh(1).
+ * pattern character are prefixed with MAGIC by expand.
+ */
+int
+gmatchx(const char *s, const char *p, bool isfile)
+{
+       const char *se, *pe;
+       char *pnew;
+       int rv;
+
+       if (s == NULL || p == NULL)
+               return (0);
+
+       se = s + strlen(s);
+       pe = p + strlen(p);
+       /*
+        * isfile is false iff no syntax check has been done on
+        * the pattern. If check fails, just to a strcmp().
+        */
+       if (!isfile && !has_globbing(p, pe)) {
+               size_t len = pe - p + 1;
+               char tbuf[64];
+               char *t = len <= sizeof(tbuf) ? tbuf : alloc(len, ATEMP);
+               debunk(t, p, len);
+               return (!strcmp(t, s));
+       }
+
+       /*
+        * since the do_gmatch() engine sucks so much, we must do some
+        * pattern simplifications
+        */
+       pnew = simplify_gmatch_pattern((const unsigned char *)p);
+       pe = pnew + strlen(pnew);
+
+       rv = do_gmatch((const unsigned char *)s, (const unsigned char *)se,
+           (const unsigned char *)pnew, (const unsigned char *)pe);
+       afree(pnew, ATEMP);
+       return (rv);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Returns if p is a syntacticly correct globbing pattern, false
+ * if it contains no pattern characters or if there is a syntax error.
+ * Syntax errors are:
+ *     - [ with no closing ]
+ *     - imbalanced $(...) expression
+ *     - [...] and *(...) not nested (eg, [a$(b|]c), *(a[b|c]d))
+ */
+/*XXX
+ * - if no magic,
+ *     if dest given, copy to dst
+ *     return ?
+ * - if magic && (no globbing || syntax error)
+ *     debunk to dst
+ *     return ?
+ * - return ?
+ */
+int
+has_globbing(const char *xp, const char *xpe)
+{
+       const unsigned char *p = (const unsigned char *) xp;
+       const unsigned char *pe = (const unsigned char *) xpe;
+       int c;
+       int nest = 0, bnest = 0;
+       bool saw_glob = false;
+       /* inside [...] */
+       bool in_bracket = false;
+
+       for (; p < pe; p++) {
+               if (!ISMAGIC(*p))
+                       continue;
+               if ((c = *++p) == '*' || c == '?')
+                       saw_glob = true;
+               else if (c == '[') {
+                       if (!in_bracket) {
+                               saw_glob = true;
+                               in_bracket = true;
+                               if (ISMAGIC(p[1]) && p[2] == '!')
+                                       p += 2;
+                               if (ISMAGIC(p[1]) && p[2] == ']')
+                                       p += 2;
+                       }
+                       /*XXX Do we need to check ranges here? POSIX Q */
+               } else if (c == ']') {
+                       if (in_bracket) {
+                               if (bnest)
+                                       /* [a*(b]) */
+                                       return (0);
+                               in_bracket = false;
+                       }
+               } else if ((c & 0x80) && vstrchr("*+?@! ", c & 0x7f)) {
+                       saw_glob = true;
+                       if (in_bracket)
+                               bnest++;
+                       else
+                               nest++;
+               } else if (c == '|') {
+                       if (in_bracket && !bnest)
+                               /* *(a[foo|bar]) */
+                               return (0);
+               } else if (c == /*(*/ ')') {
+                       if (in_bracket) {
+                               if (!bnest--)
+                                       /* *(a[b)c] */
+                                       return (0);
+                       } else if (nest)
+                               nest--;
+               }
+               /*
+                * else must be a MAGIC-MAGIC, or MAGIC-!,
+                * MAGIC--, MAGIC-], MAGIC-{, MAGIC-, MAGIC-}
+                */
+       }
+       return (saw_glob && !in_bracket && !nest);
+}
+
+/* Function must return either 0 or 1 (assumed by code for 0x80|'!') */
+static int
+do_gmatch(const unsigned char *s, const unsigned char *se,
+    const unsigned char *p, const unsigned char *pe)
+{
+       unsigned char sc, pc;
+       const unsigned char *prest, *psub, *pnext;
+       const unsigned char *srest;
+
+       if (s == NULL || p == NULL)
+               return (0);
+       while (p < pe) {
+               pc = *p++;
+               sc = s < se ? *s : '\0';
+               s++;
+               if (!ISMAGIC(pc)) {
+                       if (sc != pc)
+                               return (0);
+                       continue;
+               }
+               switch (*p++) {
+               case '[':
+                       if (sc == 0 || (p = gmatch_cclass(p, sc)) == NULL)
+                               return (0);
+                       break;
+
+               case '?':
+                       if (sc == 0)
+                               return (0);
+                       if (UTFMODE) {
+                               --s;
+                               s += utf_ptradj((const void *)s);
+                       }
+                       break;
+
+               case '*':
+                       if (p == pe)
+                               return (1);
+                       s--;
+                       do {
+                               if (do_gmatch(s, se, p, pe))
+                                       return (1);
+                       } while (s++ < se);
+                       return (0);
+
+               /**
+                * [*+?@!](pattern|pattern|..)
+                * This is also needed for ${..%..}, etc.
+                */
+
+               /* matches one or more times */
+               case 0x80|'+':
+               /* matches zero or more times */
+               case 0x80|'*':
+                       if (!(prest = pat_scan(p, pe, false)))
+                               return (0);
+                       s--;
+                       /* take care of zero matches */
+                       if (p[-1] == (0x80 | '*') &&
+                           do_gmatch(s, se, prest, pe))
+                               return (1);
+                       for (psub = p; ; psub = pnext) {
+                               pnext = pat_scan(psub, pe, true);
+                               for (srest = s; srest <= se; srest++) {
+                                       if (do_gmatch(s, srest, psub, pnext - 2) &&
+                                           (do_gmatch(srest, se, prest, pe) ||
+                                           (s != srest && do_gmatch(srest,
+                                           se, p - 2, pe))))
+                                               return (1);
+                               }
+                               if (pnext == prest)
+                                       break;
+                       }
+                       return (0);
+
+               /* matches zero or once */
+               case 0x80|'?':
+               /* matches one of the patterns */
+               case 0x80|'@':
+               /* simile for @ */
+               case 0x80|' ':
+                       if (!(prest = pat_scan(p, pe, false)))
+                               return (0);
+                       s--;
+                       /* Take care of zero matches */
+                       if (p[-1] == (0x80 | '?') &&
+                           do_gmatch(s, se, prest, pe))
+                               return (1);
+                       for (psub = p; ; psub = pnext) {
+                               pnext = pat_scan(psub, pe, true);
+                               srest = prest == pe ? se : s;
+                               for (; srest <= se; srest++) {
+                                       if (do_gmatch(s, srest, psub, pnext - 2) &&
+                                           do_gmatch(srest, se, prest, pe))
+                                               return (1);
+                               }
+                               if (pnext == prest)
+                                       break;
+                       }
+                       return (0);
+
+               /* matches none of the patterns */
+               case 0x80|'!':
+                       if (!(prest = pat_scan(p, pe, false)))
+                               return (0);
+                       s--;
+                       for (srest = s; srest <= se; srest++) {
+                               int matched = 0;
+
+                               for (psub = p; ; psub = pnext) {
+                                       pnext = pat_scan(psub, pe, true);
+                                       if (do_gmatch(s, srest, psub,
+                                           pnext - 2)) {
+                                               matched = 1;
+                                               break;
+                                       }
+                                       if (pnext == prest)
+                                               break;
+                               }
+                               if (!matched &&
+                                   do_gmatch(srest, se, prest, pe))
+                                       return (1);
+                       }
+                       return (0);
+
+               default:
+                       if (sc != p[-1])
+                               return (0);
+                       break;
+               }
+       }
+       return (s == se);
+}
+
+static const unsigned char *
+gmatch_cclass(const unsigned char *p, unsigned char sub)
+{
+       unsigned char c, d;
+       bool notp, found = false;
+       const unsigned char *orig_p = p;
+
+       if ((notp = tobool(ISMAGIC(*p) && *++p == '!')))
+               p++;
+       do {
+               c = *p++;
+               if (ISMAGIC(c)) {
+                       c = *p++;
+                       if ((c & 0x80) && !ISMAGIC(c)) {
+                               /* extended pattern matching: *+?@! */
+                               c &= 0x7F;
+                               /* XXX the ( char isn't handled as part of [] */
+                               if (c == ' ')
+                                       /* simile for @: plain (..) */
+                                       c = '(' /*)*/;
+                       }
+               }
+               if (c == '\0')
+                       /* No closing ] - act as if the opening [ was quoted */
+                       return (sub == '[' ? orig_p : NULL);
+               if (ISMAGIC(p[0]) && p[1] == '-' &&
+                   (!ISMAGIC(p[2]) || p[3] != ']')) {
+                       /* MAGIC- */
+                       p += 2;
+                       d = *p++;
+                       if (ISMAGIC(d)) {
+                               d = *p++;
+                               if ((d & 0x80) && !ISMAGIC(d))
+                                       d &= 0x7f;
+                       }
+                       /* POSIX says this is an invalid expression */
+                       if (c > d)
+                               return (NULL);
+               } else
+                       d = c;
+               if (c == sub || (c <= sub && sub <= d))
+                       found = true;
+       } while (!(ISMAGIC(p[0]) && p[1] == ']'));
+
+       return ((found != notp) ? p+2 : NULL);
+}
+
+/* Look for next ) or | (if match_sep) in *(foo|bar) pattern */
+static const unsigned char *
+pat_scan(const unsigned char *p, const unsigned char *pe, bool match_sep)
+{
+       int nest = 0;
+
+       for (; p < pe; p++) {
+               if (!ISMAGIC(*p))
+                       continue;
+               if ((*++p == /*(*/ ')' && nest-- == 0) ||
+                   (*p == '|' && match_sep && nest == 0))
+                       return (p + 1);
+               if ((*p & 0x80) && vstrchr("*+?@! ", *p & 0x7f))
+                       nest++;
+       }
+       return (NULL);
+}
+
+int
+xstrcmp(const void *p1, const void *p2)
+{
+       return (strcmp(*(const char * const *)p1, *(const char * const *)p2));
+}
+
+/* Initialise a Getopt structure */
+void
+ksh_getopt_reset(Getopt *go, int flags)
+{
+       go->optind = 1;
+       go->optarg = NULL;
+       go->p = 0;
+       go->flags = flags;
+       go->info = 0;
+       go->buf[1] = '\0';
+}
+
+
+/**
+ * getopt() used for shell built-in commands, the getopts command, and
+ * command line options.
+ * A leading ':' in options means don't print errors, instead return '?'
+ * or ':' and set go->optarg to the offending option character.
+ * If GF_ERROR is set (and option doesn't start with :), errors result in
+ * a call to bi_errorf().
+ *
+ * Non-standard features:
+ *     - ';' is like ':' in options, except the argument is optional
+ *       (if it isn't present, optarg is set to 0).
+ *       Used for 'set -o'.
+ *     - ',' is like ':' in options, except the argument always immediately
+ *       follows the option character (optarg is set to the null string if
+ *       the option is missing).
+ *       Used for 'read -u2', 'print -u2' and fc -40.
+ *     - '#' is like ':' in options, expect that the argument is optional
+ *       and must start with a digit. If the argument doesn't start with a
+ *       digit, it is assumed to be missing and normal option processing
+ *       continues (optarg is set to 0 if the option is missing).
+ *       Used for 'typeset -LZ4'.
+ *     - accepts +c as well as -c IF the GF_PLUSOPT flag is present. If an
+ *       option starting with + is accepted, the GI_PLUS flag will be set
+ *       in go->info.
+ */
+int
+ksh_getopt(const char **argv, Getopt *go, const char *optionsp)
+{
+       char c;
+       const char *o;
+
+       if (go->p == 0 || (c = argv[go->optind - 1][go->p]) == '\0') {
+               const char *arg = argv[go->optind], flag = arg ? *arg : '\0';
+
+               go->p = 1;
+               if (flag == '-' && ksh_isdash(arg + 1)) {
+                       go->optind++;
+                       go->p = 0;
+                       go->info |= GI_MINUSMINUS;
+                       return (-1);
+               }
+               if (arg == NULL ||
+                   ((flag != '-' ) &&
+                   /* neither a - nor a + (if + allowed) */
+                   (!(go->flags & GF_PLUSOPT) || flag != '+')) ||
+                   (c = arg[1]) == '\0') {
+                       go->p = 0;
+                       return (-1);
+               }
+               go->optind++;
+               go->info &= ~(GI_MINUS|GI_PLUS);
+               go->info |= flag == '-' ? GI_MINUS : GI_PLUS;
+       }
+       go->p++;
+       if (c == '?' || c == ':' || c == ';' || c == ',' || c == '#' ||
+           !(o = cstrchr(optionsp, c))) {
+               if (optionsp[0] == ':') {
+                       go->buf[0] = c;
+                       go->optarg = go->buf;
+               } else {
+                       warningf(true, "%s%s-%c: %s",
+                           (go->flags & GF_NONAME) ? "" : argv[0],
+                           (go->flags & GF_NONAME) ? "" : ": ", c,
+                           "unknown option");
+                       if (go->flags & GF_ERROR)
+                               bi_errorfz();
+               }
+               return ('?');
+       }
+       /**
+        * : means argument must be present, may be part of option argument
+        *   or the next argument
+        * ; same as : but argument may be missing
+        * , means argument is part of option argument, and may be null.
+        */
+       if (*++o == ':' || *o == ';') {
+               if (argv[go->optind - 1][go->p])
+                       go->optarg = argv[go->optind - 1] + go->p;
+               else if (argv[go->optind])
+                       go->optarg = argv[go->optind++];
+               else if (*o == ';')
+                       go->optarg = NULL;
+               else {
+                       if (optionsp[0] == ':') {
+                               go->buf[0] = c;
+                               go->optarg = go->buf;
+                               return (':');
+                       }
+                       warningf(true, "%s%s-%c: %s",
+                           (go->flags & GF_NONAME) ? "" : argv[0],
+                           (go->flags & GF_NONAME) ? "" : ": ", c,
+                           "requires an argument");
+                       if (go->flags & GF_ERROR)
+                               bi_errorfz();
+                       return ('?');
+               }
+               go->p = 0;
+       } else if (*o == ',') {
+               /* argument is attached to option character, even if null */
+               go->optarg = argv[go->optind - 1] + go->p;
+               go->p = 0;
+       } else if (*o == '#') {
+               /*
+                * argument is optional and may be attached or unattached
+                * but must start with a digit. optarg is set to 0 if the
+                * argument is missing.
+                */
+               if (argv[go->optind - 1][go->p]) {
+                       if (ksh_isdigit(argv[go->optind - 1][go->p])) {
+                               go->optarg = argv[go->optind - 1] + go->p;
+                               go->p = 0;
+                       } else
+                               go->optarg = NULL;
+               } else {
+                       if (argv[go->optind] && ksh_isdigit(argv[go->optind][0])) {
+                               go->optarg = argv[go->optind++];
+                               go->p = 0;
+                       } else
+                               go->optarg = NULL;
+               }
+       }
+       return (c);
+}
+
+/*
+ * print variable/alias value using necessary quotes
+ * (POSIX says they should be suitable for re-entry...)
+ * No trailing newline is printed.
+ */
+void
+print_value_quoted(struct shf *shf, const char *s)
+{
+       unsigned char c;
+       const unsigned char *p = (const unsigned char *)s;
+       bool inquote = true;
+
+       /* first, check whether any quotes are needed */
+       while ((c = *p++) >= 32)
+               if (ctype(c, C_QUOTE))
+                       inquote = false;
+
+       p = (const unsigned char *)s;
+       if (c == 0) {
+               if (inquote) {
+                       /* nope, use the shortcut */
+                       shf_puts(s, shf);
+                       return;
+               }
+
+               /* otherwise, quote nicely via state machine */
+               while ((c = *p++) != 0) {
+                       if (c == '\'') {
+                               /*
+                                * multiple single quotes or any of them
+                                * at the beginning of a string look nicer
+                                * this way than when simply substituting
+                                */
+                               if (inquote) {
+                                       shf_putc('\'', shf);
+                                       inquote = false;
+                               }
+                               shf_putc('\\', shf);
+                       } else if (!inquote) {
+                               shf_putc('\'', shf);
+                               inquote = true;
+                       }
+                       shf_putc(c, shf);
+               }
+       } else {
+               unsigned int wc;
+               size_t n;
+
+               /* use $'...' quote format */
+               shf_putc('$', shf);
+               shf_putc('\'', shf);
+               while ((c = *p) != 0) {
+                       if (c >= 0xC2) {
+                               n = utf_mbtowc(&wc, (const char *)p);
+                               if (n != (size_t)-1) {
+                                       p += n;
+                                       shf_fprintf(shf, "\\u%04X", wc);
+                                       continue;
+                               }
+                       }
+                       ++p;
+                       switch (c) {
+                       /* see unbksl() in this file for comments */
+                       case 7:
+                               c = 'a';
+                               if (0)
+                                       /* FALLTHROUGH */
+                       case '\b':
+                                 c = 'b';
+                               if (0)
+                                       /* FALLTHROUGH */
+                       case '\f':
+                                 c = 'f';
+                               if (0)
+                                       /* FALLTHROUGH */
+                       case '\n':
+                                 c = 'n';
+                               if (0)
+                                       /* FALLTHROUGH */
+                       case '\r':
+                                 c = 'r';
+                               if (0)
+                                       /* FALLTHROUGH */
+                       case '\t':
+                                 c = 't';
+                               if (0)
+                                       /* FALLTHROUGH */
+                       case 11:
+                                 c = 'v';
+                               if (0)
+                                       /* FALLTHROUGH */
+                       case '\033':
+                               /* take E not e because \e is \ in *roff */
+                                 c = 'E';
+                               /* FALLTHROUGH */
+                       case '\\':
+                               shf_putc('\\', shf);
+
+                               if (0)
+                                       /* FALLTHROUGH */
+                       default:
+                                 if (c < 32 || c > 0x7E) {
+                                       /* FALLTHROUGH */
+                       case '\'':
+                                       shf_fprintf(shf, "\\%03o", c);
+                                       break;
+                               }
+
+                               shf_putc(c, shf);
+                               break;
+                       }
+               }
+               inquote = true;
+       }
+       if (inquote)
+               shf_putc('\'', shf);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Print things in columns and rows - func() is called to format
+ * the i-th element
+ */
+void
+print_columns(struct shf *shf, unsigned int n,
+    void (*func)(char *, size_t, unsigned int, const void *),
+    const void *arg, size_t max_oct, size_t max_colz, bool prefcol)
+{
+       unsigned int i, r, c, rows, cols, nspace, max_col;
+       char *str;
+
+       if (!n)
+               return;
+
+       if (max_colz > 2147483646) {
+#ifndef MKSH_SMALL
+               internal_warningf("print_columns called with %s=%zu >= INT_MAX",
+                   "max_col", max_colz);
+#endif
+               return;
+       }
+       max_col = (unsigned int)max_colz;
+
+       if (max_oct > 2147483646) {
+#ifndef MKSH_SMALL
+               internal_warningf("print_columns called with %s=%zu >= INT_MAX",
+                   "max_oct", max_oct);
+#endif
+               return;
+       }
+       ++max_oct;
+       str = alloc(max_oct, ATEMP);
+
+       /*
+        * We use (max_col + 2) to consider the separator space.
+        * Note that no spaces are printed after the last column
+        * to avoid problems with terminals that have auto-wrap,
+        * but we need to also take this into account in x_cols.
+        */
+       cols = (x_cols + 1) / (max_col + 2);
+
+       /* if we can only print one column anyway, skip the goo */
+       if (cols < 2) {
+               for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+                       (*func)(str, max_oct, i, arg);
+                       shf_puts(str, shf);
+                       shf_putc('\n', shf);
+               }
+               goto out;
+       }
+
+       rows = (n + cols - 1) / cols;
+       if (prefcol && cols > rows) {
+               cols = rows;
+               rows = (n + cols - 1) / cols;
+       }
+
+       nspace = (x_cols - max_col * cols) / cols;
+       if (nspace < 2)
+               nspace = 2;
+       max_col = -max_col;
+       for (r = 0; r < rows; r++) {
+               for (c = 0; c < cols; c++) {
+                       if ((i = c * rows + r) >= n)
+                               break;
+                       (*func)(str, max_oct, i, arg);
+                       if (i + rows >= n)
+                               shf_puts(str, shf);
+                       else
+                               shf_fprintf(shf, "%*s%*s",
+                                   (int)max_col, str, (int)nspace, null);
+               }
+               shf_putchar('\n', shf);
+       }
+ out:
+       afree(str, ATEMP);
+}
+
+/* strip all NUL bytes from buf; output is NUL-terminated if stripped */
+void
+strip_nuls(char *buf, size_t len)
+{
+       char *cp, *dp, *ep;
+
+       if (!len || !(dp = memchr(buf, '\0', len)))
+               return;
+
+       ep = buf + len;
+       cp = dp;
+
+ cp_has_nul_byte:
+       while (cp++ < ep && *cp == '\0')
+               ;       /* nothing */
+       while (cp < ep && *cp != '\0')
+               *dp++ = *cp++;
+       if (cp < ep)
+               goto cp_has_nul_byte;
+
+       *dp = '\0';
+}
+
+/*
+ * Like read(2), but if read fails due to non-blocking flag,
+ * resets flag and restarts read.
+ */
+ssize_t
+blocking_read(int fd, char *buf, size_t nbytes)
+{
+       ssize_t ret;
+       bool tried_reset = false;
+
+       while ((ret = read(fd, buf, nbytes)) < 0) {
+               if (!tried_reset && errno == EAGAIN) {
+                       if (reset_nonblock(fd) > 0) {
+                               tried_reset = true;
+                               continue;
+                       }
+                       errno = EAGAIN;
+               }
+               break;
+       }
+       return (ret);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Reset the non-blocking flag on the specified file descriptor.
+ * Returns -1 if there was an error, 0 if non-blocking wasn't set,
+ * 1 if it was.
+ */
+int
+reset_nonblock(int fd)
+{
+       int flags;
+
+       if ((flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0)) < 0)
+               return (-1);
+       if (!(flags & O_NONBLOCK))
+               return (0);
+       flags &= ~O_NONBLOCK;
+       if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, flags) < 0)
+               return (-1);
+       return (1);
+}
+
+/* getcwd(3) equivalent, allocates from ATEMP but doesn't resize */
+char *
+ksh_get_wd(void)
+{
+#ifdef MKSH__NO_PATH_MAX
+       char *rv, *cp;
+
+       if ((cp = get_current_dir_name())) {
+               strdupx(rv, cp, ATEMP);
+               free_gnu_gcdn(cp);
+       } else
+               rv = NULL;
+#else
+       char *rv;
+
+       if (!getcwd((rv = alloc(PATH_MAX + 1, ATEMP)), PATH_MAX)) {
+               afree(rv, ATEMP);
+               rv = NULL;
+       }
+#endif
+
+       return (rv);
+}
+
+#ifndef ELOOP
+#define ELOOP          E2BIG
+#endif
+
+char *
+do_realpath(const char *upath)
+{
+       char *xp, *ip, *tp, *ipath, *ldest = NULL;
+       XString xs;
+       size_t pos, len;
+       int llen;
+       struct stat sb;
+#ifdef MKSH__NO_PATH_MAX
+       size_t ldestlen = 0;
+#define pathlen sb.st_size
+#define pathcnd (ldestlen < (pathlen + 1))
+#else
+#define pathlen PATH_MAX
+#define pathcnd (!ldest)
+#endif
+       /* max. recursion depth */
+       int symlinks = 32;
+
+       if (mksh_abspath(upath)) {
+               /* upath is an absolute pathname */
+               strdupx(ipath, upath, ATEMP);
+       } else {
+               /* upath is a relative pathname, prepend cwd */
+               if ((tp = ksh_get_wd()) == NULL || !mksh_abspath(tp))
+                       return (NULL);
+               ipath = shf_smprintf("%s%s%s", tp, "/", upath);
+               afree(tp, ATEMP);
+       }
+
+       /* ipath and upath are in memory at the same time -> unchecked */
+       Xinit(xs, xp, strlen(ip = ipath) + 1, ATEMP);
+
+       /* now jump into the deep of the loop */
+       goto beginning_of_a_pathname;
+
+       while (*ip) {
+               /* skip slashes in input */
+               while (*ip == '/')
+                       ++ip;
+               if (!*ip)
+                       break;
+
+               /* get next pathname component from input */
+               tp = ip;
+               while (*ip && *ip != '/')
+                       ++ip;
+               len = ip - tp;
+
+               /* check input for "." and ".." */
+               if (tp[0] == '.') {
+                       if (len == 1)
+                               /* just continue with the next one */
+                               continue;
+                       else if (len == 2 && tp[1] == '.') {
+                               /* strip off last pathname component */
+                               while (xp > Xstring(xs, xp))
+                                       if (*--xp == '/')
+                                               break;
+                               /* then continue with the next one */
+                               continue;
+                       }
+               }
+
+               /* store output position away, then append slash to output */
+               pos = Xsavepos(xs, xp);
+               /* 1 for the '/' and len + 1 for tp and the NUL from below */
+               XcheckN(xs, xp, 1 + len + 1);
+               Xput(xs, xp, '/');
+
+               /* append next pathname component to output */
+               memcpy(xp, tp, len);
+               xp += len;
+               *xp = '\0';
+
+               /* lstat the current output, see if it's a symlink */
+               if (mksh_lstat(Xstring(xs, xp), &sb)) {
+                       /* lstat failed */
+                       if (errno == ENOENT) {
+                               /* because the pathname does not exist */
+                               while (*ip == '/')
+                                       /* skip any trailing slashes */
+                                       ++ip;
+                               /* no more components left? */
+                               if (!*ip)
+                                       /* we can still return successfully */
+                                       break;
+                               /* more components left? fall through */
+                       }
+                       /* not ENOENT or not at the end of ipath */
+                       goto notfound;
+               }
+
+               /* check if we encountered a symlink? */
+               if (S_ISLNK(sb.st_mode)) {
+#ifndef MKSH__NO_SYMLINK
+                       /* reached maximum recursion depth? */
+                       if (!symlinks--) {
+                               /* yep, prevent infinite loops */
+                               errno = ELOOP;
+                               goto notfound;
+                       }
+
+                       /* get symlink(7) target */
+                       if (pathcnd) {
+#ifdef MKSH__NO_PATH_MAX
+                               if (notoktoadd(pathlen, 1)) {
+                                       errno = ENAMETOOLONG;
+                                       goto notfound;
+                               }
+#endif
+                               ldest = aresize(ldest, pathlen + 1, ATEMP);
+                       }
+                       llen = readlink(Xstring(xs, xp), ldest, pathlen);
+                       if (llen < 0)
+                               /* oops... */
+                               goto notfound;
+                       ldest[llen] = '\0';
+
+                       /*
+                        * restart if symlink target is an absolute path,
+                        * otherwise continue with currently resolved prefix
+                        */
+                       /* append rest of current input path to link target */
+                       tp = shf_smprintf("%s%s%s", ldest, *ip ? "/" : "", ip);
+                       afree(ipath, ATEMP);
+                       ip = ipath = tp;
+                       if (!mksh_abspath(ldest)) {
+                               /* symlink target is a relative path */
+                               xp = Xrestpos(xs, xp, pos);
+                       } else
+#endif
+                         {
+                               /* symlink target is an absolute path */
+                               xp = Xstring(xs, xp);
+ beginning_of_a_pathname:
+                               /* assert: (ip == ipath)[0] == '/' */
+                               /* assert: xp == xs.beg => start of path */
+
+                               /* exactly two leading slashes? (SUSv4 3.266) */
+                               if (ip[1] == '/' && ip[2] != '/') {
+                                       /* keep them, e.g. for UNC pathnames */
+                                       Xput(xs, xp, '/');
+                               }
+                       }
+               }
+               /* otherwise (no symlink) merely go on */
+       }
+
+       /*
+        * either found the target and successfully resolved it,
+        * or found its parent directory and may create it
+        */
+       if (Xlength(xs, xp) == 0)
+               /*
+                * if the resolved pathname is "", make it "/",
+                * otherwise do not add a trailing slash
+                */
+               Xput(xs, xp, '/');
+       Xput(xs, xp, '\0');
+
+       /*
+        * if source path had a trailing slash, check if target path
+        * is not a non-directory existing file
+        */
+       if (ip > ipath && ip[-1] == '/') {
+               if (stat(Xstring(xs, xp), &sb)) {
+                       if (errno != ENOENT)
+                               goto notfound;
+               } else if (!S_ISDIR(sb.st_mode)) {
+                       errno = ENOTDIR;
+                       goto notfound;
+               }
+               /* target now either does not exist or is a directory */
+       }
+
+       /* return target path */
+       afree(ldest, ATEMP);
+       afree(ipath, ATEMP);
+       return (Xclose(xs, xp));
+
+ notfound:
+       /* save; freeing memory might trash it */
+       llen = errno;
+       afree(ldest, ATEMP);
+       afree(ipath, ATEMP);
+       Xfree(xs, xp);
+       errno = llen;
+       return (NULL);
+
+#undef pathlen
+#undef pathcnd
+}
+
+/**
+ *     Makes a filename into result using the following algorithm.
+ *     - make result NULL
+ *     - if file starts with '/', append file to result & set cdpathp to NULL
+ *     - if file starts with ./ or ../ append cwd and file to result
+ *       and set cdpathp to NULL
+ *     - if the first element of cdpathp doesnt start with a '/' xx or '.' xx
+ *       then cwd is appended to result.
+ *     - the first element of cdpathp is appended to result
+ *     - file is appended to result
+ *     - cdpathp is set to the start of the next element in cdpathp (or NULL
+ *       if there are no more elements.
+ *     The return value indicates whether a non-null element from cdpathp
+ *     was appended to result.
+ */
+static int
+make_path(const char *cwd, const char *file,
+    /* pointer to colon-separated list */
+    char **cdpathp,
+    XString *xsp,
+    int *phys_pathp)
+{
+       int rval = 0;
+       bool use_cdpath = true;
+       char *plist;
+       size_t len, plen = 0;
+       char *xp = Xstring(*xsp, xp);
+
+       if (!file)
+               file = null;
+
+       if (mksh_abspath(file)) {
+               *phys_pathp = 0;
+               use_cdpath = false;
+       } else {
+               if (file[0] == '.') {
+                       char c = file[1];
+
+                       if (c == '.')
+                               c = file[2];
+                       if (c == '/' || c == '\0')
+                               use_cdpath = false;
+               }
+
+               plist = *cdpathp;
+               if (!plist)
+                       use_cdpath = false;
+               else if (use_cdpath) {
+                       char *pend = plist;
+
+                       while (*pend && *pend != MKSH_PATHSEPC)
+                               ++pend;
+                       plen = pend - plist;
+                       *cdpathp = *pend ? pend + 1 : NULL;
+               }
+
+               if ((!use_cdpath || !plen || !mksh_abspath(plist)) &&
+                   (cwd && *cwd)) {
+                       len = strlen(cwd);
+                       XcheckN(*xsp, xp, len);
+                       memcpy(xp, cwd, len);
+                       xp += len;
+                       if (cwd[len - 1] != '/')
+                               Xput(*xsp, xp, '/');
+               }
+               *phys_pathp = Xlength(*xsp, xp);
+               if (use_cdpath && plen) {
+                       XcheckN(*xsp, xp, plen);
+                       memcpy(xp, plist, plen);
+                       xp += plen;
+                       if (plist[plen - 1] != '/')
+                               Xput(*xsp, xp, '/');
+                       rval = 1;
+               }
+       }
+
+       len = strlen(file) + 1;
+       XcheckN(*xsp, xp, len);
+       memcpy(xp, file, len);
+
+       if (!use_cdpath)
+               *cdpathp = NULL;
+
+       return (rval);
+}
+
+/*-
+ * Simplify pathnames containing "." and ".." entries.
+ *
+ * simplify_path(this)                 = that
+ * /a/b/c/./../d/..                    /a/b
+ * //./C/foo/bar/../baz                        //C/foo/baz
+ * /foo/                               /foo
+ * /foo/../../bar                      /bar
+ * /foo/./blah/..                      /foo
+ * .                                   .
+ * ..                                  ..
+ * ./foo                               foo
+ * foo/../../../bar                    ../../bar
+ */
+void
+simplify_path(char *p)
+{
+       char *dp, *ip, *sp, *tp;
+       size_t len;
+       bool needslash;
+
+       switch (*p) {
+       case 0:
+               return;
+       case '/':
+               /* exactly two leading slashes? (SUSv4 3.266) */
+               if (p[1] == '/' && p[2] != '/')
+                       /* keep them, e.g. for UNC pathnames */
+                       ++p;
+               needslash = true;
+               break;
+       default:
+               needslash = false;
+       }
+       dp = ip = sp = p;
+
+       while (*ip) {
+               /* skip slashes in input */
+               while (*ip == '/')
+                       ++ip;
+               if (!*ip)
+                       break;
+
+               /* get next pathname component from input */
+               tp = ip;
+               while (*ip && *ip != '/')
+                       ++ip;
+               len = ip - tp;
+
+               /* check input for "." and ".." */
+               if (tp[0] == '.') {
+                       if (len == 1)
+                               /* just continue with the next one */
+                               continue;
+                       else if (len == 2 && tp[1] == '.') {
+                               /* parent level, but how? */
+                               if (mksh_abspath(p))
+                                       /* absolute path, only one way */
+                                       goto strip_last_component;
+                               else if (dp > sp) {
+                                       /* relative path, with subpaths */
+                                       needslash = false;
+ strip_last_component:
+                                       /* strip off last pathname component */
+                                       while (dp > sp)
+                                               if (*--dp == '/')
+                                                       break;
+                               } else {
+                                       /* relative path, at its beginning */
+                                       if (needslash)
+                                               /* or already dotdot-slash'd */
+                                               *dp++ = '/';
+                                       /* keep dotdot-slash if not absolute */
+                                       *dp++ = '.';
+                                       *dp++ = '.';
+                                       needslash = true;
+                                       sp = dp;
+                               }
+                               /* then continue with the next one */
+                               continue;
+                       }
+               }
+
+               if (needslash)
+                       *dp++ = '/';
+
+               /* append next pathname component to output */
+               memmove(dp, tp, len);
+               dp += len;
+
+               /* append slash if we continue */
+               needslash = true;
+               /* try next component */
+       }
+       if (dp == p)
+               /* empty path -> dot */
+               *dp++ = needslash ? '/' : '.';
+       *dp = '\0';
+}
+
+void
+set_current_wd(const char *nwd)
+{
+       char *allocd = NULL;
+
+       if (nwd == NULL) {
+               allocd = ksh_get_wd();
+               nwd = allocd ? allocd : null;
+       }
+
+       afree(current_wd, APERM);
+       strdupx(current_wd, nwd, APERM);
+
+       afree(allocd, ATEMP);
+}
+
+int
+c_cd(const char **wp)
+{
+       int optc, rv, phys_path;
+       bool physical = tobool(Flag(FPHYSICAL));
+       /* was a node from cdpath added in? */
+       int cdnode;
+       /* show where we went?, error for $PWD */
+       bool printpath = false, eflag = false;
+       struct tbl *pwd_s, *oldpwd_s;
+       XString xs;
+       char *dir, *allocd = NULL, *tryp, *pwd, *cdpath;
+
+       while ((optc = ksh_getopt(wp, &builtin_opt, "eLP")) != -1)
+               switch (optc) {
+               case 'e':
+                       eflag = true;
+                       break;
+               case 'L':
+                       physical = false;
+                       break;
+               case 'P':
+                       physical = true;
+                       break;
+               case '?':
+                       return (2);
+               }
+       wp += builtin_opt.optind;
+
+       if (Flag(FRESTRICTED)) {
+               bi_errorf("restricted shell - can't cd");
+               return (2);
+       }
+
+       pwd_s = global("PWD");
+       oldpwd_s = global("OLDPWD");
+
+       if (!wp[0]) {
+               /* No arguments - go home */
+               if ((dir = str_val(global("HOME"))) == null) {
+                       bi_errorf("no home directory (HOME not set)");
+                       return (2);
+               }
+       } else if (!wp[1]) {
+               /* One argument: - or dir */
+               strdupx(allocd, wp[0], ATEMP);
+               if (ksh_isdash((dir = allocd))) {
+                       afree(allocd, ATEMP);
+                       allocd = NULL;
+                       dir = str_val(oldpwd_s);
+                       if (dir == null) {
+                               bi_errorf("no OLDPWD");
+                               return (2);
+                       }
+                       printpath = true;
+               }
+       } else if (!wp[2]) {
+               /* Two arguments - substitute arg1 in PWD for arg2 */
+               size_t ilen, olen, nlen, elen;
+               char *cp;
+
+               if (!current_wd[0]) {
+                       bi_errorf("can't determine current directory");
+                       return (2);
+               }
+               /*
+                * substitute arg1 for arg2 in current path.
+                * if the first substitution fails because the cd fails
+                * we could try to find another substitution. For now
+                * we don't
+                */
+               if ((cp = strstr(current_wd, wp[0])) == NULL) {
+                       bi_errorf(Tbadsubst);
+                       return (2);
+               }
+               /*-
+                * ilen = part of current_wd before wp[0]
+                * elen = part of current_wd after wp[0]
+                * because current_wd and wp[1] need to be in memory at the
+                * same time beforehand the addition can stay unchecked
+                */
+               ilen = cp - current_wd;
+               olen = strlen(wp[0]);
+               nlen = strlen(wp[1]);
+               elen = strlen(current_wd + ilen + olen) + 1;
+               dir = allocd = alloc(ilen + nlen + elen, ATEMP);
+               memcpy(dir, current_wd, ilen);
+               memcpy(dir + ilen, wp[1], nlen);
+               memcpy(dir + ilen + nlen, current_wd + ilen + olen, elen);
+               printpath = true;
+       } else {
+               bi_errorf("too many arguments");
+               return (2);
+       }
+
+#ifdef MKSH__NO_PATH_MAX
+       /* only a first guess; make_path will enlarge xs if necessary */
+       XinitN(xs, 1024, ATEMP);
+#else
+       XinitN(xs, PATH_MAX, ATEMP);
+#endif
+
+       cdpath = str_val(global("CDPATH"));
+       do {
+               cdnode = make_path(current_wd, dir, &cdpath, &xs, &phys_path);
+               if (physical)
+                       rv = chdir(tryp = Xstring(xs, xp) + phys_path);
+               else {
+                       simplify_path(Xstring(xs, xp));
+                       rv = chdir(tryp = Xstring(xs, xp));
+               }
+       } while (rv < 0 && cdpath != NULL);
+
+       if (rv < 0) {
+               if (cdnode)
+                       bi_errorf("%s: %s", dir, "bad directory");
+               else
+                       bi_errorf("%s: %s", tryp, cstrerror(errno));
+               afree(allocd, ATEMP);
+               Xfree(xs, xp);
+               return (2);
+       }
+
+       rv = 0;
+
+       /* allocd (above) => dir, which is no longer used */
+       afree(allocd, ATEMP);
+       allocd = NULL;
+
+       /* Clear out tracked aliases with relative paths */
+       flushcom(false);
+
+       /*
+        * Set OLDPWD (note: unsetting OLDPWD does not disable this
+        * setting in AT&T ksh)
+        */
+       if (current_wd[0])
+               /* Ignore failure (happens if readonly or integer) */
+               setstr(oldpwd_s, current_wd, KSH_RETURN_ERROR);
+
+       if (!mksh_abspath(Xstring(xs, xp))) {
+               pwd = NULL;
+       } else if (!physical) {
+               goto norealpath_PWD;
+       } else if ((pwd = allocd = do_realpath(Xstring(xs, xp))) == NULL) {
+               if (eflag)
+                       rv = 1;
+ norealpath_PWD:
+               pwd = Xstring(xs, xp);
+       }
+
+       /* Set PWD */
+       if (pwd) {
+               char *ptmp = pwd;
+
+               set_current_wd(ptmp);
+               /* Ignore failure (happens if readonly or integer) */
+               setstr(pwd_s, ptmp, KSH_RETURN_ERROR);
+       } else {
+               set_current_wd(null);
+               pwd = Xstring(xs, xp);
+               /* XXX unset $PWD? */
+               if (eflag)
+                       rv = 1;
+       }
+       if (printpath || cdnode)
+               shprintf("%s\n", pwd);
+
+       afree(allocd, ATEMP);
+       Xfree(xs, xp);
+       return (rv);
+}
+
+
+#ifdef KSH_CHVT_CODE
+extern void chvt_reinit(void);
+
+static void
+chvt(const Getopt *go)
+{
+       const char *dv = go->optarg;
+       char *cp = NULL;
+       int fd;
+
+       switch (*dv) {
+       case '-':
+               dv = "/dev/null";
+               break;
+       case '!':
+               ++dv;
+               /* FALLTHROUGH */
+       default: {
+               struct stat sb;
+
+               if (stat(dv, &sb)) {
+                       cp = shf_smprintf("/dev/ttyC%s", dv);
+                       dv = cp;
+                       if (stat(dv, &sb)) {
+                               memmove(cp + 1, cp, /* /dev/tty */ 8);
+                               dv = cp + 1;
+                               if (stat(dv, &sb)) {
+                                       errorf("%s: %s: %s", "chvt",
+                                           "can't find tty", go->optarg);
+                               }
+                       }
+               }
+               if (!(sb.st_mode & S_IFCHR))
+                       errorf("%s: %s: %s", "chvt", "not a char device", dv);
+#ifndef MKSH_DISABLE_REVOKE_WARNING
+#if HAVE_REVOKE
+               if (revoke(dv))
+#endif
+                       warningf(false, "%s: %s %s", "chvt",
+                           "new shell is potentially insecure, can't revoke",
+                           dv);
+#endif
+           }
+       }
+       if ((fd = binopen2(dv, O_RDWR)) < 0) {
+               sleep(1);
+               if ((fd = binopen2(dv, O_RDWR)) < 0) {
+                       errorf("%s: %s %s", "chvt", "can't open", dv);
+               }
+       }
+       if (go->optarg[0] != '!') {
+               switch (fork()) {
+               case -1:
+                       errorf("%s: %s %s", "chvt", "fork", "failed");
+               case 0:
+                       break;
+               default:
+                       exit(0);
+               }
+       }
+       if (setsid() == -1)
+               errorf("%s: %s %s", "chvt", "setsid", "failed");
+       if (go->optarg[0] != '-') {
+               if (ioctl(fd, TIOCSCTTY, NULL) == -1)
+                       errorf("%s: %s %s", "chvt", "TIOCSCTTY", "failed");
+               if (tcflush(fd, TCIOFLUSH))
+                       errorf("%s: %s %s", "chvt", "TCIOFLUSH", "failed");
+       }
+       ksh_dup2(fd, 0, false);
+       ksh_dup2(fd, 1, false);
+       ksh_dup2(fd, 2, false);
+       if (fd > 2)
+               close(fd);
+       rndset((unsigned long)chvt_rndsetup(go, sizeof(Getopt)));
+       chvt_reinit();
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef DEBUG
+char *
+strchr(char *p, int ch)
+{
+       for (;; ++p) {
+               if (*p == ch)
+                       return (p);
+               if (!*p)
+                       return (NULL);
+       }
+       /* NOTREACHED */
+}
+
+char *
+strstr(char *b, const char *l)
+{
+       char first, c;
+       size_t n;
+
+       if ((first = *l++) == '\0')
+               return (b);
+       n = strlen(l);
+ strstr_look:
+       while ((c = *b++) != first)
+               if (c == '\0')
+                       return (NULL);
+       if (strncmp(b, l, n))
+               goto strstr_look;
+       return (b - 1);
+}
+#endif
+
+#if defined(MKSH_SMALL) && !defined(MKSH_SMALL_BUT_FAST)
+char *
+strndup_i(const char *src, size_t len, Area *ap)
+{
+       char *dst = NULL;
+
+       if (src != NULL) {
+               dst = alloc(len + 1, ap);
+               memcpy(dst, src, len);
+               dst[len] = '\0';
+       }
+       return (dst);
+}
+
+char *
+strdup_i(const char *src, Area *ap)
+{
+       return (src == NULL ? NULL : strndup_i(src, strlen(src), ap));
+}
+#endif
+
+#if !HAVE_GETRUSAGE
+#define INVTCK(r,t)    do {                                            \
+       r.tv_usec = ((t) % (1000000 / CLK_TCK)) * (1000000 / CLK_TCK);  \
+       r.tv_sec = (t) / CLK_TCK;                                       \
+} while (/* CONSTCOND */ 0)
+
+int
+getrusage(int what, struct rusage *ru)
+{
+       struct tms tms;
+       clock_t u, s;
+
+       if (/* ru == NULL || */ times(&tms) == (clock_t)-1)
+               return (-1);
+
+       switch (what) {
+       case RUSAGE_SELF:
+               u = tms.tms_utime;
+               s = tms.tms_stime;
+               break;
+       case RUSAGE_CHILDREN:
+               u = tms.tms_cutime;
+               s = tms.tms_cstime;
+               break;
+       default:
+               errno = EINVAL;
+               return (-1);
+       }
+       INVTCK(ru->ru_utime, u);
+       INVTCK(ru->ru_stime, s);
+       return (0);
+}
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * process the string available via fg (get a char)
+ * and fp (put back a char) for backslash escapes,
+ * assuming the first call to *fg gets the char di-
+ * rectly after the backslash; return the character
+ * (0..0xFF), Unicode (wc + 0x100), or -1 if no known
+ * escape sequence was found
+ */
+int
+unbksl(bool cstyle, int (*fg)(void), void (*fp)(int))
+{
+       int wc, i, c, fc;
+
+       fc = (*fg)();
+       switch (fc) {
+       case 'a':
+               /*
+                * according to the comments in pdksh, \007 seems
+                * to be more portable than \a (due to HP-UX cc,
+                * Ultrix cc, old pcc, etc.) so we avoid the escape
+                * sequence altogether in mksh and assume ASCII
+                */
+               wc = 7;
+               break;
+       case 'b':
+               wc = '\b';
+               break;
+       case 'c':
+               if (!cstyle)
+                       goto unknown_escape;
+               c = (*fg)();
+               wc = CTRL(c);
+               break;
+       case 'E':
+       case 'e':
+               wc = 033;
+               break;
+       case 'f':
+               wc = '\f';
+               break;
+       case 'n':
+               wc = '\n';
+               break;
+       case 'r':
+               wc = '\r';
+               break;
+       case 't':
+               wc = '\t';
+               break;
+       case 'v':
+               /* assume ASCII here as well */
+               wc = 11;
+               break;
+       case '1':
+       case '2':
+       case '3':
+       case '4':
+       case '5':
+       case '6':
+       case '7':
+               if (!cstyle)
+                       goto unknown_escape;
+               /* FALLTHROUGH */
+       case '0':
+               if (cstyle)
+                       (*fp)(fc);
+               /*
+                * look for an octal number with up to three
+                * digits, not counting the leading zero;
+                * convert it to a raw octet
+                */
+               wc = 0;
+               i = 3;
+               while (i--)
+                       if ((c = (*fg)()) >= ord('0') && c <= ord('7'))
+                               wc = (wc << 3) + ksh_numdig(c);
+                       else {
+                               (*fp)(c);
+                               break;
+                       }
+               break;
+       case 'U':
+               i = 8;
+               if (/* CONSTCOND */ 0)
+                       /* FALLTHROUGH */
+       case 'u':
+                 i = 4;
+               if (/* CONSTCOND */ 0)
+                       /* FALLTHROUGH */
+       case 'x':
+                 i = cstyle ? -1 : 2;
+               /**
+                * x:   look for a hexadecimal number with up to
+                *      two (C style: arbitrary) digits; convert
+                *      to raw octet (C style: Unicode if >0xFF)
+                * u/U: look for a hexadecimal number with up to
+                *      four (U: eight) digits; convert to Unicode
+                */
+               wc = 0;
+               while (i--) {
+                       wc <<= 4;
+                       if ((c = (*fg)()) >= ord('0') && c <= ord('9'))
+                               wc += ksh_numdig(c);
+                       else if (c >= ord('A') && c <= ord('F'))
+                               wc += ksh_numuc(c) + 10;
+                       else if (c >= ord('a') && c <= ord('f'))
+                               wc += ksh_numlc(c) + 10;
+                       else {
+                               wc >>= 4;
+                               (*fp)(c);
+                               break;
+                       }
+               }
+               if ((cstyle && wc > 0xFF) || fc != 'x')
+                       /* Unicode marker */
+                       wc += 0x100;
+               break;
+       case '\'':
+               if (!cstyle)
+                       goto unknown_escape;
+               wc = '\'';
+               break;
+       case '\\':
+               wc = '\\';
+               break;
+       default:
+ unknown_escape:
+               (*fp)(fc);
+               return (-1);
+       }
+
+       return (wc);
+}
diff --git a/source/sh/mksh.1 b/source/sh/mksh.1
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..e8b26f9
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,6615 @@
+.\" $MirOS: src/bin/mksh/mksh.1,v 1.392 2016/03/04 18:28:41 tg Exp $
+.\" $OpenBSD: ksh.1,v 1.160 2015/07/04 13:27:04 feinerer Exp $
+.\"-
+.\" Copyright © 2002, 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009,
+.\"            2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016
+.\"    mirabilos <m@mirbsd.org>
+.\"
+.\" Provided that these terms and disclaimer and all copyright notices
+.\" are retained or reproduced in an accompanying document, permission
+.\" is granted to deal in this work without restriction, including un‐
+.\" limited rights to use, publicly perform, distribute, sell, modify,
+.\" merge, give away, or sublicence.
+.\"
+.\" This work is provided “AS IS” and WITHOUT WARRANTY of any kind, to
+.\" the utmost extent permitted by applicable law, neither express nor
+.\" implied; without malicious intent or gross negligence. In no event
+.\" may a licensor, author or contributor be held liable for indirect,
+.\" direct, other damage, loss, or other issues arising in any way out
+.\" of dealing in the work, even if advised of the possibility of such
+.\" damage or existence of a defect, except proven that it results out
+.\" of said person’s immediate fault when using the work as intended.
+.\"-
+.\" Try to make GNU groff and AT&T nroff more compatible
+.\" * ` generates ‘ in gnroff, so use \`
+.\" * ' generates ’ in gnroff, \' generates ´, so use \*(aq
+.\" * - generates ‐ in gnroff, \- generates −, so .tr it to -
+.\"   thus use - for hyphens and \- for minus signs and option dashes
+.\" * ~ is size-reduced and placed atop in groff, so use \*(TI
+.\" * ^ is size-reduced and placed atop in groff, so use \*(ha
+.\" * \(en does not work in nroff, so use \*(en
+.\" * <>| are problematic, so redefine and use \*(Lt\*(Gt\*(Ba
+.\" Also make sure to use \& *before* a punctuation char that is to not
+.\" be interpreted as punctuation, and especially with two-letter words
+.\" but also (after) a period that does not end a sentence (“e.g.\&”).
+.\" The section after the "doc" macropackage has been loaded contains
+.\" additional code to convene between the UCB mdoc macropackage (and
+.\" its variant as BSD mdoc in groff) and the GNU mdoc macropackage.
+.\"
+.ie \n(.g \{\
+.      if \ 1\*[.T]\ 1ascii\ 1 .tr \-\N'45'
+.      if \ 1\*[.T]\ 1latin1\ 1 .tr \-\N'45'
+.      if \ 1\*[.T]\ 1utf8\ 1 .tr \-\N'45'
+.      ds <= \[<=]
+.      ds >= \[>=]
+.      ds Rq \[rq]
+.      ds Lq \[lq]
+.      ds sL \(aq
+.      ds sR \(aq
+.      if \ 1\*[.T]\ 1utf8\ 1 .ds sL `
+.      if \ 1\*[.T]\ 1ps\ 1 .ds sL `
+.      if \ 1\*[.T]\ 1utf8\ 1 .ds sR '
+.      if \ 1\*[.T]\ 1ps\ 1 .ds sR '
+.      ds aq \(aq
+.      ds TI \(ti
+.      ds ha \(ha
+.      ds en \(en
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.      ds aq '
+.      ds TI ~
+.      ds ha ^
+.      ds en \(em
+.\}
+.\"
+.\" Implement .Dd with the Mdocdate RCS keyword
+.\"
+.rn Dd xD
+.de Dd
+.ie \a\\$1\a$Mdocdate:\a \{\
+.      xD \\$2 \\$3, \\$4
+.\}
+.el .xD \\$1 \\$2 \\$3 \\$4 \\$5 \\$6 \\$7 \\$8
+..
+.\"
+.\" .Dd must come before definition of .Mx, because when called
+.\" with -mandoc, it might implement .Mx itself, but we want to
+.\" use our own definition. And .Dd must come *first*, always.
+.\"
+.Dd $Mdocdate: March 4 2016 $
+.\"
+.\" Check which macro package we use, and do other -mdoc setup.
+.\"
+.ie \n(.g \{\
+.      if \ 1\*[.T]\ 1utf8\ 1 .tr \[la]\*(Lt
+.      if \ 1\*[.T]\ 1utf8\ 1 .tr \[ra]\*(Gt
+.      ie d volume-ds-1 .ds tT gnu
+.      el .ds tT bsd
+.\}
+.el .ds tT ucb
+.\"
+.\" Implement .Mx (MirBSD)
+.\"
+.ie "\*(tT"gnu" \{\
+.      eo
+.      de Mx
+.      nr curr-font \n[.f]
+.      nr curr-size \n[.ps]
+.      ds str-Mx \f[\n[curr-font]]\s[\n[curr-size]u]
+.      ds str-Mx1 \*[Tn-font-size]\%MirOS\*[str-Mx]
+.      if !\n[arg-limit] \
+.      if \n[.$] \{\
+.      ds macro-name Mx
+.      parse-args \$@
+.      \}
+.      if (\n[arg-limit] > \n[arg-ptr]) \{\
+.      nr arg-ptr +1
+.      ie (\n[type\n[arg-ptr]] == 2) \
+.      as str-Mx1 \~\*[arg\n[arg-ptr]]
+.      el \
+.      nr arg-ptr -1
+.      \}
+.      ds arg\n[arg-ptr] "\*[str-Mx1]
+.      nr type\n[arg-ptr] 2
+.      ds space\n[arg-ptr] "\*[space]
+.      nr num-args (\n[arg-limit] - \n[arg-ptr])
+.      nr arg-limit \n[arg-ptr]
+.      if \n[num-args] \
+.      parse-space-vector
+.      print-recursive
+..
+.      ec
+.      ds sP \s0
+.      ds tN \*[Tn-font-size]
+.\}
+.el \{\
+.      de Mx
+.      nr cF \\n(.f
+.      nr cZ \\n(.s
+.      ds aa \&\f\\n(cF\s\\n(cZ
+.      if \\n(aC==0 \{\
+.              ie \\n(.$==0 \&MirOS\\*(aa
+.              el .aV \\$1 \\$2 \\$3 \\$4 \\$5 \\$6 \\$7 \\$8 \\$9
+.      \}
+.      if \\n(aC>\\n(aP \{\
+.              nr aP \\n(aP+1
+.              ie \\n(C\\n(aP==2 \{\
+.                      as b1 \&MirOS\ #\&\\*(A\\n(aP\\*(aa
+.                      ie \\n(aC>\\n(aP \{\
+.                              nr aP \\n(aP+1
+.                              nR
+.                      \}
+.                      el .aZ
+.              \}
+.              el \{\
+.                      as b1 \&MirOS\\*(aa
+.                      nR
+.              \}
+.      \}
+..
+.\}
+.\"-
+.Dt MKSH 1
+.Os MirBSD
+.Sh NAME
+.Nm mksh ,
+.Nm sh
+.Nd MirBSD Korn shell
+.Sh SYNOPSIS
+.Nm
+.Bk -words
+.Op Fl +abCefhiklmnprUuvXx
+.Oo
+.Fl T Oo Ar \&! Oc Ns Ar tty
+\*(Ba
+.Ar \&\-
+.Oc
+.Op Fl +o Ar option
+.Oo
+.Fl c Ar string \*(Ba
+.Fl s \*(Ba
+.Ar file
+.Op Ar argument ...
+.Oc
+.Ek
+.Nm builtin-name
+.Op Ar argument ...
+.Sh DESCRIPTION
+.Nm
+is a command interpreter intended for both interactive and shell
+script use.
+Its command language is a superset of the
+.Xr sh C
+shell language and largely compatible to the original Korn shell.
+At times, this manual page may give scripting advice; while it
+sometimes does take portable shell scripting or various standards
+into account all information is first and foremost presented with
+.Nm
+in mind and should be taken as such.
+.Ss I'm an Android user, so what's mksh?
+.Nm mksh
+is a
+.Ux
+shell / command interpreter, similar to
+.Nm COMMAND.COM
+or
+.Nm CMD.EXE ,
+which has been included with
+.Tn Android Open Source Project
+for a while now.
+Basically, it's a program that runs in a terminal (console window),
+takes user input and runs commands or scripts, which it can also
+be asked to do by other programs, even in the background.
+Any privilege pop-ups you might be encountering are thus not
+.Nm mksh
+issues but questions by some other program utilising it.
+.Ss Invocation
+Most builtins can be called directly, for example if a link points from its
+name to the shell; not all make sense, have been tested or work at all though.
+.Pp
+The options are as follows:
+.Bl -tag -width XcXstring
+.It Fl c Ar string
+.Nm
+will execute the command(s) contained in
+.Ar string .
+.It Fl i
+Interactive shell.
+A shell that reads commands from standard input is
+.Dq interactive
+if this
+option is used or if both standard input and standard error are attached
+to a
+.Xr tty 4 .
+An interactive shell has job control enabled, ignores the
+.Dv SIGINT ,
+.Dv SIGQUIT ,
+and
+.Dv SIGTERM
+signals, and prints prompts before reading input (see the
+.Ev PS1
+and
+.Ev PS2
+parameters).
+It also processes the
+.Ev ENV
+parameter or the
+.Pa mkshrc
+file (see below).
+For non-interactive shells, the
+.Ic trackall
+option is on by default (see the
+.Ic set
+command below).
+.It Fl l
+Login shell.
+If the basename the shell is called with (i.e. argv[0])
+starts with
+.Ql \-
+or if this option is used,
+the shell is assumed to be a login shell; see
+.Sx Startup files
+below.
+.It Fl p
+Privileged shell.
+A shell is
+.Dq privileged
+if the real user ID or group ID does not match the
+effective user ID or group ID (see
+.Xr getuid 2
+and
+.Xr getgid 2 ) .
+Clearing the privileged option causes the shell to set
+its effective user ID (group ID) to its real user ID (group ID).
+For further implications, see
+.Sx Startup files .
+If the shell is privileged and this flag is not explicitly set, the
+.Dq privileged
+option is cleared automatically after processing the startup files.
+.It Fl r
+Restricted shell.
+A shell is
+.Dq restricted
+if this
+option is used.
+The following restrictions come into effect after the shell processes any
+profile and
+.Ev ENV
+files:
+.Pp
+.Bl -bullet -compact
+.It
+The
+.Ic cd
+.Po and Ic chdir Pc
+command is disabled.
+.It
+The
+.Ev SHELL ,
+.Ev ENV ,
+and
+.Ev PATH
+parameters cannot be changed.
+.It
+Command names can't be specified with absolute or relative paths.
+.It
+The
+.Fl p
+option of the built-in command
+.Ic command
+can't be used.
+.It
+Redirections that create files can't be used (i.e.\&
+.Ql \*(Gt ,
+.Ql \*(Gt\*(Ba ,
+.Ql \*(Gt\*(Gt ,
+.Ql \*(Lt\*(Gt ) .
+.El
+.It Fl s
+The shell reads commands from standard input; all non-option arguments
+are positional parameters.
+.It Fl T Ar name
+Spawn
+.Nm
+on the
+.Xr tty 4
+device given.
+The paths
+.Ar name ,
+.Pa /dev/ttyC Ns Ar name
+and
+.Pa /dev/tty Ns Ar name
+are attempted in order.
+Unless
+.Ar name
+begins with an exclamation mark
+.Pq Sq \&! ,
+this is done in a subshell and returns immediately.
+If
+.Ar name
+is a dash
+.Pq Sq \&\- ,
+detach from controlling terminal (daemonise) instead.
+.El
+.Pp
+In addition to the above, the options described in the
+.Ic set
+built-in command can also be used on the command line:
+both
+.Op Fl +abCefhkmnuvXx
+and
+.Op Fl +o Ar option
+can be used for single letter or long options, respectively.
+.Pp
+If neither the
+.Fl c
+nor the
+.Fl s
+option is specified, the first non-option argument specifies the name
+of a file the shell reads commands from.
+If there are no non-option
+arguments, the shell reads commands from the standard input.
+The name of the shell (i.e. the contents of $0)
+is determined as follows: if the
+.Fl c
+option is used and there is a non-option argument, it is used as the name;
+if commands are being read from a file, the file is used as the name;
+otherwise, the basename the shell was called with (i.e. argv[0]) is used.
+.Pp
+The exit status of the shell is 127 if the command file specified on the
+command line could not be opened, or non-zero if a fatal syntax error
+occurred during the execution of a script.
+In the absence of fatal errors,
+the exit status is that of the last command executed, or zero, if no
+command is executed.
+.Ss Startup files
+For the actual location of these files, see
+.Sx FILES .
+A login shell processes the system profile first.
+A privileged shell then processes the suid profile.
+A non-privileged login shell processes the user profile next.
+A non-privileged interactive shell checks the value of the
+.Ev ENV
+parameter after subjecting it to parameter, command, arithmetic and tilde
+.Pq Sq \*(TI
+substitution; if unset or empty, the user mkshrc profile is processed;
+otherwise, if a file whose name is the substitution result exists,
+it is processed; non-existence is silently ignored.
+A privileged shell then drops privileges if neither was the
+.Fl p
+option given on the command line nor set during execution of the startup files.
+.Ss Command syntax
+The shell begins parsing its input by removing any backslash-newline
+combinations, then breaking it into
+.Em words .
+Words (which are sequences of characters) are delimited by unquoted whitespace
+characters (space, tab, and newline) or meta-characters
+.Po
+.Ql \*(Lt ,
+.Ql \*(Gt ,
+.Ql \*(Ba ,
+.Ql \&; ,
+.Ql \&( ,
+.Ql \&) ,
+and
+.Ql &
+.Pc .
+Aside from delimiting words, spaces and tabs are ignored, while newlines
+usually delimit commands.
+The meta-characters are used in building the following
+.Em tokens :
+.Ql \*(Lt ,
+.Ql \*(Lt& ,
+.Ql \*(Lt\*(Lt ,
+.Ql \*(Lt\*(Lt\*(Lt ,
+.Ql \*(Gt ,
+.Ql \*(Gt& ,
+.Ql \*(Gt\*(Gt ,
+.Ql &\*(Gt ,
+etc. are used to specify redirections (see
+.Sx Input/output redirection
+below);
+.Ql \*(Ba
+is used to create pipelines;
+.Ql \*(Ba&
+is used to create co-processes (see
+.Sx Co-processes
+below);
+.Ql \&;
+is used to separate commands;
+.Ql &
+is used to create asynchronous pipelines;
+.Ql &&
+and
+.Ql \*(Ba\*(Ba
+are used to specify conditional execution;
+.Ql ;; ,
+.Ql ;&\&
+and
+.Ql ;\*(Ba\&
+are used in
+.Ic case
+statements;
+.Ql \&(( .. ))
+is used in arithmetic expressions;
+and lastly,
+.Ql \&( .. \&)
+is used to create subshells.
+.Pp
+Whitespace and meta-characters can be quoted individually using a backslash
+.Pq Sq \e ,
+or in groups using double
+.Pq Sq \&"
+or single
+.Pq Dq \*(aq
+quotes.
+Note that the following characters are also treated specially by the
+shell and must be quoted if they are to represent themselves:
+.Ql \e ,
+.Ql \&" ,
+.Ql \*(aq ,
+.Ql # ,
+.Ql $ ,
+.Ql \` ,
+.Ql \*(TI ,
+.Ql { ,
+.Ql } ,
+.Ql * ,
+.Ql \&? ,
+and
+.Ql \&[ .
+The first three of these are the above mentioned quoting characters (see
+.Sx Quoting
+below);
+.Ql # ,
+if used at the beginning of a word, introduces a comment \*(en everything after
+the
+.Ql #
+up to the nearest newline is ignored;
+.Ql $
+is used to introduce parameter, command, and arithmetic substitutions (see
+.Sx Substitution
+below);
+.Ql \`
+introduces an old-style command substitution (see
+.Sx Substitution
+below);
+.Ql \*(TI
+begins a directory expansion (see
+.Sx Tilde expansion
+below);
+.Ql {
+and
+.Ql }
+delimit
+.Xr csh 1 Ns -style
+alternations (see
+.Sx Brace expansion
+below);
+and finally,
+.Ql * ,
+.Ql \&? ,
+and
+.Ql \&[
+are used in file name generation (see
+.Sx File name patterns
+below).
+.Pp
+As words and tokens are parsed, the shell builds commands, of which there
+are two basic types:
+.Em simple-commands ,
+typically programmes that are executed, and
+.Em compound-commands ,
+such as
+.Ic for
+and
+.Ic if
+statements, grouping constructs, and function definitions.
+.Pp
+A simple-command consists of some combination of parameter assignments
+(see
+.Sx Parameters
+below),
+input/output redirections (see
+.Sx Input/output redirections
+below),
+and command words; the only restriction is that parameter assignments come
+before any command words.
+The command words, if any, define the command
+that is to be executed and its arguments.
+The command may be a shell built-in command, a function,
+or an external command
+(i.e. a separate executable file that is located using the
+.Ev PATH
+parameter; see
+.Sx Command execution
+below).
+Note that all command constructs have an exit status: for external commands,
+this is related to the status returned by
+.Xr wait 2
+(if the command could not be found, the exit status is 127; if it could not
+be executed, the exit status is 126); the exit status of other command
+constructs (built-in commands, functions, compound-commands, pipelines, lists,
+etc.) are all well-defined and are described where the construct is
+described.
+The exit status of a command consisting only of parameter
+assignments is that of the last command substitution performed during the
+parameter assignment or 0 if there were no command substitutions.
+.Pp
+Commands can be chained together using the
+.Ql \*(Ba
+token to form pipelines, in which the standard output of each command but the
+last is piped (see
+.Xr pipe 2 )
+to the standard input of the following command.
+The exit status of a pipeline is that of its last command, unless the
+.Ic pipefail
+option is set (see there).
+All commands of a pipeline are executed in separate subshells;
+this is allowed by POSIX but differs from both variants of
+.At
+.Nm ksh ,
+where all but the last command were executed in subshells; see the
+.Ic read
+builtin's description for implications and workarounds.
+A pipeline may be prefixed by the
+.Ql \&!
+reserved word which causes the exit status of the pipeline to be logically
+complemented: if the original status was 0, the complemented status will be 1;
+if the original status was not 0, the complemented status will be 0.
+.Pp
+.Em Lists
+of commands can be created by separating pipelines by any of the following
+tokens:
+.Ql && ,
+.Ql \*(Ba\*(Ba ,
+.Ql & ,
+.Ql \*(Ba& ,
+and
+.Ql \&; .
+The first two are for conditional execution:
+.Dq Ar cmd1 No && Ar cmd2
+executes
+.Ar cmd2
+only if the exit status of
+.Ar cmd1
+is zero;
+.Ql \*(Ba\*(Ba
+is the opposite \*(en
+.Ar cmd2
+is executed only if the exit status of
+.Ar cmd1
+is non-zero.
+.Ql &&
+and
+.Ql \*(Ba\*(Ba
+have equal precedence which is higher than that of
+.Ql & ,
+.Ql \*(Ba& ,
+and
+.Ql \&; ,
+which also have equal precedence.
+Note that the
+.Ql &&
+and
+.Ql \*(Ba\*(Ba
+operators are
+.Qq left-associative .
+For example, both of these commands will print only
+.Qq bar :
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+$ false && echo foo \*(Ba\*(Ba echo bar
+$ true \*(Ba\*(Ba echo foo && echo bar
+.Ed
+.Pp
+The
+.Ql &
+token causes the preceding command to be executed asynchronously; that is,
+the shell starts the command but does not wait for it to complete (the shell
+does keep track of the status of asynchronous commands; see
+.Sx Job control
+below).
+When an asynchronous command is started when job control is disabled
+(i.e. in most scripts), the command is started with signals
+.Dv SIGINT
+and
+.Dv SIGQUIT
+ignored and with input redirected from
+.Pa /dev/null
+(however, redirections specified in the asynchronous command have precedence).
+The
+.Ql \*(Ba&
+operator starts a co-process which is a special kind of asynchronous process
+(see
+.Sx Co-processes
+below).
+Note that a command must follow the
+.Ql &&
+and
+.Ql \*(Ba\*(Ba
+operators, while it need not follow
+.Ql & ,
+.Ql \*(Ba& ,
+or
+.Ql \&; .
+The exit status of a list is that of the last command executed, with the
+exception of asynchronous lists, for which the exit status is 0.
+.Pp
+Compound commands are created using the following reserved words.
+These words
+are only recognised if they are unquoted and if they are used as the first
+word of a command (i.e. they can't be preceded by parameter assignments or
+redirections):
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+case     else     function     then      !       (
+do       esac     if           time      [[      ((
+done     fi       in           until     {
+elif     for      select       while     }
+.Ed
+.Pp
+In the following compound command descriptions, command lists (denoted as
+.Em list )
+that are followed by reserved words must end with a semicolon, a newline, or
+a (syntactically correct) reserved word.
+For example, the following are all valid:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+$ { echo foo; echo bar; }
+$ { echo foo; echo bar\*(Ltnewline\*(Gt}
+$ { { echo foo; echo bar; } }
+.Ed
+.Pp
+This is not valid:
+.Pp
+.Dl $ { echo foo; echo bar }
+.Bl -tag -width 4n
+.It Pq Ar list
+Execute
+.Ar list
+in a subshell.
+There is no implicit way to pass environment changes from a
+subshell back to its parent.
+.It { Ar list ; No }
+Compound construct;
+.Ar list
+is executed, but not in a subshell.
+Note that
+.Ql {
+and
+.Ql }
+are reserved words, not meta-characters.
+.It Xo case Ar word No in
+.Oo Op \&(
+.Ar pattern
+.Op \*(Ba Ar pattern
+.No ... Ns )
+.Ar list
+.Ic terminator
+.Oc No ... esac
+.Xc
+The
+.Ic case
+statement attempts to match
+.Ar word
+against a specified
+.Ar pattern ;
+the
+.Ar list
+associated with the first successfully matched pattern is executed.
+Patterns used in
+.Ic case
+statements are the same as those used for file name patterns except that the
+restrictions regarding
+.Ql \&.
+and
+.Ql /
+are dropped.
+Note that any unquoted space before and after a pattern is
+stripped; any space within a pattern must be quoted.
+Both the word and the
+patterns are subject to parameter, command, and arithmetic substitution, as
+well as tilde substitution.
+.Pp
+For historical reasons, open and close braces may be used instead of
+.Ic in
+and
+.Ic esac
+e.g.\&
+.Ic case $foo { *) echo bar ;; } .
+.Pp
+The list
+.Ic terminator Ns s
+are:
+.Bl -tag -width 4n
+.It Ql ;;
+Terminate after the list.
+.It Ql ;&\&
+Fall through into the next list.
+.It Ql ;\*(Ba\&
+Evaluate the remaining pattern-list tuples.
+.El
+.Pp
+The exit status of a
+.Ic case
+statement is that of the executed
+.Ar list ;
+if no
+.Ar list
+is executed, the exit status is zero.
+.It Xo for Ar name
+.Oo in Ar word No ... Oc ;
+.No do Ar list ; No done
+.Xc
+For each
+.Ar word
+in the specified word list, the parameter
+.Ar name
+is set to the word and
+.Ar list
+is executed.
+If
+.Ic in
+is not used to specify a word list, the positional parameters
+($1, $2, etc.)\&
+are used instead.
+For historical reasons, open and close braces may be used instead of
+.Ic do
+and
+.Ic done
+e.g.\&
+.Ic for i; { echo $i; } .
+The exit status of a
+.Ic for
+statement is the last exit status of
+.Ar list ;
+if
+.Ar list
+is never executed, the exit status is zero.
+.It Xo if Ar list ;
+.No then Ar list ;
+.Oo elif Ar list ;
+.No then Ar list ; Oc
+.No ...
+.Oo else Ar list ; Oc
+.No fi
+.Xc
+If the exit status of the first
+.Ar list
+is zero, the second
+.Ar list
+is executed; otherwise, the
+.Ar list
+following the
+.Ic elif ,
+if any, is executed with similar consequences.
+If all the lists following the
+.Ic if
+and
+.Ic elif Ns s
+fail (i.e. exit with non-zero status), the
+.Ar list
+following the
+.Ic else
+is executed.
+The exit status of an
+.Ic if
+statement is that of non-conditional
+.Ar list
+that is executed; if no non-conditional
+.Ar list
+is executed, the exit status is zero.
+.It Xo select Ar name
+.Oo in Ar word No ... Oc ;
+.No do Ar list ; No done
+.Xc
+The
+.Ic select
+statement provides an automatic method of presenting the user with a menu and
+selecting from it.
+An enumerated list of the specified
+.Ar word Ns (s)
+is printed on standard error, followed by a prompt
+.Po
+.Ev PS3: normally
+.Sq #?\ \&
+.Pc .
+A number corresponding to one of the enumerated words is then read from
+standard input,
+.Ar name
+is set to the selected word (or unset if the selection is not valid),
+.Ev REPLY
+is set to what was read (leading/trailing space is stripped), and
+.Ar list
+is executed.
+If a blank line (i.e. zero or more
+.Ev IFS
+octets) is entered, the menu is reprinted without executing
+.Ar list .
+.Pp
+When
+.Ar list
+completes, the enumerated list is printed if
+.Ev REPLY
+is
+.Dv NULL ,
+the prompt is printed, and so on.
+This process continues until an end-of-file
+is read, an interrupt is received, or a
+.Ic break
+statement is executed inside the loop.
+If
+.Dq in word ...
+is omitted, the positional parameters are used
+(i.e. $1, $2, etc.).
+For historical reasons, open and close braces may be used instead of
+.Ic do
+and
+.Ic done
+e.g.\&
+.Ic select i; { echo $i; } .
+The exit status of a
+.Ic select
+statement is zero if a
+.Ic break
+statement is used to exit the loop, non-zero otherwise.
+.It Xo until Ar list ;
+.No do Ar list ;
+.No done
+.Xc
+This works like
+.Ic while ,
+except that the body is executed only while the exit status of the first
+.Ar list
+is non-zero.
+.It Xo while Ar list ;
+.No do Ar list ;
+.No done
+.Xc
+A
+.Ic while
+is a pre-checked loop.
+Its body is executed as often as the exit status of the first
+.Ar list
+is zero.
+The exit status of a
+.Ic while
+statement is the last exit status of the
+.Ar list
+in the body of the loop; if the body is not executed, the exit status is zero.
+.It Xo function Ar name
+.No { Ar list ; No }
+.Xc
+Defines the function
+.Ar name
+(see
+.Sx Functions
+below).
+Note that redirections specified after a function definition are
+performed whenever the function is executed, not when the function definition
+is executed.
+.It Ar name Ns \&() Ar command
+Mostly the same as
+.Ic function
+(see
+.Sx Functions
+below).
+Whitespace (space or tab) after
+.Ar name
+will be ignored most of the time.
+.It Xo function Ar name Ns \&()
+.No { Ar list ; No }
+.Xc
+The same as
+.Ar name Ns \&()
+.Pq Nm bash Ns ism .
+The
+.Ic function
+keyword is ignored.
+.It Xo Ic time Op Fl p
+.Op Ar pipeline
+.Xc
+The
+.Sx Command execution
+section describes the
+.Ic time
+reserved word.
+.It \&(( Ar expression No ))
+The arithmetic expression
+.Ar expression
+is evaluated; equivalent to
+.Dq let expression
+(see
+.Sx Arithmetic expressions
+and the
+.Ic let
+command, below) in a compound construct.
+.It Bq Bq Ar \ \&expression\ \&
+Similar to the
+.Ic test
+and
+.Ic \&[ ... \&]
+commands (described later), with the following exceptions:
+.Bl -bullet
+.It
+Field splitting and file name generation are not performed on arguments.
+.It
+The
+.Fl a
+.Pq AND
+and
+.Fl o
+.Pq OR
+operators are replaced with
+.Ql &&
+and
+.Ql \*(Ba\*(Ba ,
+respectively.
+.It
+Operators (e.g.\&
+.Sq Fl f ,
+.Sq = ,
+.Sq \&! )
+must be unquoted.
+.It
+Parameter, command, and arithmetic substitutions are performed as expressions
+are evaluated and lazy expression evaluation is used for the
+.Ql &&
+and
+.Ql \*(Ba\*(Ba
+operators.
+This means that in the following statement,
+.Ic $(\*(Ltfoo)
+is evaluated if and only if the file
+.Pa foo
+exists and is readable:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+$ [[ \-r foo && $(\*(Ltfoo) = b*r ]]
+.Ed
+.It
+The second operand of the
+.Sq !=
+and
+.Sq =
+expressions are a subset of patterns (e.g. the comparison
+.Ic \&[[ foobar = f*r ]]
+succeeds).
+This even works indirectly:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+$ bar=foobar; baz=\*(aqf*r\*(aq
+$ [[ $bar = $baz ]]; echo $?
+$ [[ $bar = \&"$baz" ]]; echo $?
+.Ed
+.Pp
+Perhaps surprisingly, the first comparison succeeds,
+whereas the second doesn't.
+This does not apply to all extglob metacharacters, currently.
+.El
+.El
+.Ss Quoting
+Quoting is used to prevent the shell from treating characters or words
+specially.
+There are three methods of quoting.
+First,
+.Ql \e
+quotes the following character, unless it is at the end of a line, in which
+case both the
+.Ql \e
+and the newline are stripped.
+Second, a single quote
+.Pq Dq \*(aq
+quotes everything up to the next single quote (this may span lines).
+Third, a double quote
+.Pq Sq \&"
+quotes all characters, except
+.Ql $ ,
+.Ql \`
+and
+.Ql \e ,
+up to the next unescaped double quote.
+.Ql $
+and
+.Ql \`
+inside double quotes have their usual meaning (i.e. parameter, arithmetic,
+or command substitution) except no field splitting is carried out on the
+results of double-quoted substitutions, and the old-style form of command
+substitution has backslash-quoting for double quotes enabled.
+If a
+.Ql \e
+inside a double-quoted string is followed by
+.Ql \e ,
+.Ql $ ,
+.Ql \` ,
+or
+.Ql \&" ,
+it is replaced by the second character; if it is followed by a newline, both
+the
+.Ql \e
+and the newline are stripped; otherwise, both the
+.Ql \e
+and the character following are unchanged.
+.Pp
+If a single-quoted string is preceded by an unquoted
+.Ql $ ,
+C style backslash expansion (see below) is applied (even single quote
+characters inside can be escaped and do not terminate the string then);
+the expanded result is treated as any other single-quoted string.
+If a double-quoted string is preceded by an unquoted
+.Ql $ ,
+the
+.Ql $
+is simply ignored.
+.Ss Backslash expansion
+In places where backslashes are expanded, certain C and
+.At
+.Nm ksh
+or GNU
+.Nm bash
+style escapes are translated.
+These include
+.Ql \ea ,
+.Ql \eb ,
+.Ql \ef ,
+.Ql \en ,
+.Ql \er ,
+.Ql \et ,
+.Ql \eU######## ,
+.Ql \eu#### ,
+and
+.Ql \ev .
+For
+.Ql \eU########
+and
+.Ql \eu#### ,
+.Dq #
+means a hexadecimal digit, of thich there may be none up to four or eight;
+these escapes translate a Unicode codepoint to UTF-8.
+Furthermore,
+.Ql \eE
+and
+.Ql \ee
+expand to the escape character.
+.Pp
+In the
+.Ic print
+builtin mode,
+.Ql \e" ,
+.Ql \e\*(aq ,
+and
+.Ql \e?
+are explicitly excluded;
+octal sequences must have the none up to three octal digits
+.Dq #
+prefixed with the digit zero
+.Pq Ql \e0### ;
+hexadecimal sequences
+.Ql \ex##
+are limited to none up to two hexadecimal digits
+.Dq # ;
+both octal and hexadecimal sequences convert to raw octets;
+.Ql \e# ,
+where # is none of the above, translates to \e# (backslashes are retained).
+.Pp
+Backslash expansion in the C style mode slightly differs: octal sequences
+.Ql \e###
+must have no digit zero prefixing the one up to three octal digits
+.Dq #
+and yield raw octets; hexadecimal sequences
+.Ql \ex#*
+greedily eat up as many hexadecimal digits
+.Dq #
+as they can and terminate with the first non-hexadecimal digit;
+these translate a Unicode codepoint to UTF-8.
+The sequence
+.Ql \ec# ,
+where
+.Dq #
+is any octet, translates to Ctrl-# (which basically means,
+.Ql \ec?
+becomes DEL, everything else is bitwise ANDed with 0x1F).
+Finally,
+.Ql \e# ,
+where # is none of the above, translates to # (has the backslash trimmed),
+even if it is a newline.
+.Ss Aliases
+There are two types of aliases: normal command aliases and tracked aliases.
+Command aliases are normally used as a short hand for a long or often used
+command.
+The shell expands command aliases (i.e. substitutes the alias name
+for its value) when it reads the first word of a command.
+An expanded alias is re-processed to check for more aliases.
+If a command alias ends in a
+space or tab, the following word is also checked for alias expansion.
+The alias expansion process stops when a word that is not an alias is found,
+when a quoted word is found, or when an alias word that is currently being
+expanded is found.
+Aliases are specifically an interactive feature: while they do happen
+to work in scripts and on the command line in some cases, aliases are
+expanded during lexing, so their use must be in a separate command tree
+from their definition; otherwise, the alias will not be found.
+Noticeably, command lists (separated by semicolon, in command substitutions
+also by newline) may be one same parse tree.
+.Pp
+The following command aliases are defined automatically by the shell:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+autoload=\*(aq\etypeset \-fu\*(aq
+functions=\*(aq\etypeset \-f\*(aq
+hash=\*(aq\ebuiltin alias \-t\*(aq
+history=\*(aq\ebuiltin fc \-l\*(aq
+integer=\*(aq\etypeset \-i\*(aq
+local=\*(aq\etypeset\*(aq
+login=\*(aq\eexec login\*(aq
+nameref=\*(aq\etypeset \-n\*(aq
+nohup=\*(aqnohup \*(aq
+r=\*(aq\ebuiltin fc \-e \-\*(aq
+type=\*(aq\ebuiltin whence \-v\*(aq
+.Ed
+.Pp
+Tracked aliases allow the shell to remember where it found a particular
+command.
+The first time the shell does a path search for a command that is
+marked as a tracked alias, it saves the full path of the command.
+The next
+time the command is executed, the shell checks the saved path to see that it
+is still valid, and if so, avoids repeating the path search.
+Tracked aliases can be listed and created using
+.Ic alias Fl t .
+Note that changing the
+.Ev PATH
+parameter clears the saved paths for all tracked aliases.
+If the
+.Ic trackall
+option is set (i.e.\&
+.Ic set Fl o Ic trackall
+or
+.Ic set Fl h ) ,
+the shell tracks all commands.
+This option is set automatically for non-interactive shells.
+For interactive shells, only the following commands are
+automatically tracked:
+.Xr cat 1 ,
+.Xr cc 1 ,
+.Xr chmod 1 ,
+.Xr cp 1 ,
+.Xr date 1 ,
+.Xr ed 1 ,
+.Xr emacs 1 ,
+.Xr grep 1 ,
+.Xr ls 1 ,
+.Xr make 1 ,
+.Xr mv 1 ,
+.Xr pr 1 ,
+.Xr rm 1 ,
+.Xr sed 1 ,
+.Xr sh 1 ,
+.Xr vi 1 ,
+and
+.Xr who 1 .
+.Ss Substitution
+The first step the shell takes in executing a simple-command is to perform
+substitutions on the words of the command.
+There are three kinds of
+substitution: parameter, command, and arithmetic.
+Parameter substitutions,
+which are described in detail in the next section, take the form
+.Pf $ Ns Ar name
+or
+.Pf ${ Ns Ar ... Ns } ;
+command substitutions take the form
+.Pf $( Ns Ar command Ns \&)
+or (deprecated)
+.Pf \` Ns Ar command Ns \`
+or (executed in the current environment)
+.Pf ${\ \& Ar command Ns \&;}
+and strip trailing newlines;
+and arithmetic substitutions take the form
+.Pf $(( Ns Ar expression Ns )) .
+Parsing the current-environment command substitution requires a space,
+tab or newline after the opening brace and that the closing brace be
+recognised as a keyword (i.e. is preceded by a newline or semicolon).
+They are also called funsubs (function substitutions) and behave like
+functions in that
+.Ic local
+and
+.Ic return
+work, and in that
+.Ic exit
+terminates the parent shell; shell options are shared.
+.Pp
+Another variant of substitution are the valsubs (value substitutions)
+.Pf ${\*(Ba\& Ns Ar command Ns \&;}
+which are also executed in the current environment, like funsubs, but
+share their I/O with the parent; instead, they evaluate to whatever
+the, initially empty, expression-local variable
+.Ev REPLY
+is set to within the
+.Ar command Ns s .
+.Pp
+If a substitution appears outside of double quotes, the results of the
+substitution are generally subject to word or field splitting according to
+the current value of the
+.Ev IFS
+parameter.
+The
+.Ev IFS
+parameter specifies a list of octets which are used to break a string up
+into several words; any octets from the set space, tab, and newline that
+appear in the
+.Ev IFS
+octets are called
+.Dq IFS whitespace .
+Sequences of one or more
+.Ev IFS
+whitespace octets, in combination with zero or one
+.Pf non- Ev IFS
+whitespace octets, delimit a field.
+As a special case, leading and trailing
+.Ev IFS
+whitespace is stripped (i.e. no leading or trailing empty field
+is created by it); leading or trailing
+.Pf non- Ev IFS
+whitespace does create an empty field.
+.Pp
+Example: If
+.Ev IFS
+is set to
+.Dq \*(Ltspace\*(Gt: ,
+and VAR is set to
+.Dq \*(Ltspace\*(GtA\*(Ltspace\*(Gt:\*(Ltspace\*(Gt\*(Ltspace\*(GtB::D ,
+the substitution for $VAR results in four fields:
+.Sq A ,
+.Sq B ,
+.Sq
+(an empty field),
+and
+.Sq D .
+Note that if the
+.Ev IFS
+parameter is set to the empty string, no field splitting is done;
+if it is unset, the default value of space, tab, and newline is used.
+.Pp
+Also, note that the field splitting applies only to the immediate result of
+the substitution.
+Using the previous example, the substitution for $VAR:E
+results in the fields:
+.Sq A ,
+.Sq B ,
+.Sq ,
+and
+.Sq D:E ,
+not
+.Sq A ,
+.Sq B ,
+.Sq ,
+.Sq D ,
+and
+.Sq E .
+This behavior is POSIX compliant, but incompatible with some other shell
+implementations which do field splitting on the word which contained the
+substitution or use
+.Dv IFS
+as a general whitespace delimiter.
+.Pp
+The results of substitution are, unless otherwise specified, also subject to
+brace expansion and file name expansion (see the relevant sections below).
+.Pp
+A command substitution is replaced by the output generated by the specified
+command which is run in a subshell.
+For
+.Pf $( Ns Ar command Ns \&)
+and
+.Pf ${\*(Ba\& Ns Ar command Ns \&;}
+and
+.Pf ${\ \& Ar command Ns \&;}
+substitutions, normal quoting rules are used when
+.Ar command
+is parsed; however, for the deprecated
+.Pf \` Ns Ar command Ns \`
+form, a
+.Ql \e
+followed by any of
+.Ql $ ,
+.Ql \` ,
+or
+.Ql \e
+is stripped (as is
+.Ql \&"
+when the substitution is part of a double-quoted string); a backslash
+.Ql \e
+followed by any other character is unchanged.
+As a special case in command substitutions, a command of the form
+.Pf \*(Lt Ar file
+is interpreted to mean substitute the contents of
+.Ar file .
+Note that
+.Ic $(\*(Ltfoo)
+has the same effect as
+.Ic $(cat foo) .
+.Pp
+Note that some shells do not use a recursive parser for command substitutions,
+leading to failure for certain constructs; to be portable, use as workaround
+.Ql x=$(cat) \*(Lt\*(Lt"EOF"
+(or the newline-keeping
+.Ql x=\*(Lt\*(Lt"EOF"
+extension) instead to merely slurp the string.
+.St -p1003.1
+recommends to use case statements of the form
+.Ql "x=$(case $foo in (bar) echo $bar ;; (*) echo $baz ;; esac)"
+instead, which would work but not serve as example for this portability issue.
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+x=$(case $foo in bar) echo $bar ;; *) echo $baz ;; esac)
+# above fails to parse on old shells; below is the workaround
+x=$(eval $(cat)) \*(Lt\*(Lt"EOF"
+case $foo in bar) echo $bar ;; *) echo $baz ;; esac
+EOF
+.Ed
+.Pp
+Arithmetic substitutions are replaced by the value of the specified expression.
+For example, the command
+.Ic print $((2+3*4))
+displays 14.
+See
+.Sx Arithmetic expressions
+for a description of an expression.
+.Ss Parameters
+Parameters are shell variables; they can be assigned values and their values
+can be accessed using a parameter substitution.
+A parameter name is either one
+of the special single punctuation or digit character parameters described
+below, or a letter followed by zero or more letters or digits
+.Po
+.Ql _
+counts as a letter
+.Pc .
+The latter form can be treated as arrays by appending an array index of the
+form
+.Op Ar expr
+where
+.Ar expr
+is an arithmetic expression.
+Array indices in
+.Nm
+are limited to the range 0 through 4294967295, inclusive.
+That is, they are a 32-bit unsigned integer.
+.Pp
+Parameter substitutions take the form
+.Pf $ Ns Ar name ,
+.Pf ${ Ns Ar name Ns } ,
+or
+.Sm off
+.Pf ${ Ar name Oo Ar expr Oc }
+.Sm on
+where
+.Ar name
+is a parameter name.
+Substitution of all array elements with
+.Pf ${ Ns Ar name Ns \&[*]}
+and
+.Pf ${ Ns Ar name Ns \&[@]}
+works equivalent to $* and $@ for positional parameters.
+If substitution is performed on a parameter
+(or an array parameter element)
+that is not set, a null string is substituted unless the
+.Ic nounset
+option
+.Po
+.Ic set Fl o Ic nounset
+or
+.Ic set Fl u
+.Pc
+is set, in which case an error occurs.
+.Pp
+Parameters can be assigned values in a number of ways.
+First, the shell implicitly sets some parameters like
+.Ql # ,
+.Ql PWD ,
+and
+.Ql $ ;
+this is the only way the special single character parameters are set.
+Second, parameters are imported from the shell's environment at startup.
+Third, parameters can be assigned values on the command line: for example,
+.Ic FOO=bar
+sets the parameter
+.Dq FOO
+to
+.Dq bar ;
+multiple parameter assignments can be given on a single command line and they
+can be followed by a simple-command, in which case the assignments are in
+effect only for the duration of the command (such assignments are also
+exported; see below for the implications of this).
+Note that both the parameter name and the
+.Ql =
+must be unquoted for the shell to recognise a parameter assignment.
+The construct
+.Ic FOO+=baz
+is also recognised; the old and new values are immediately concatenated.
+The fourth way of setting a parameter is with the
+.Ic export ,
+.Ic global ,
+.Ic readonly ,
+and
+.Ic typeset
+commands; see their descriptions in the
+.Sx Command execution
+section.
+Fifth,
+.Ic for
+and
+.Ic select
+loops set parameters as well as the
+.Ic getopts ,
+.Ic read ,
+and
+.Ic set Fl A
+commands.
+Lastly, parameters can be assigned values using assignment operators
+inside arithmetic expressions (see
+.Sx Arithmetic expressions
+below) or using the
+.Sm off
+.Pf ${ Ar name No = Ar value No }
+.Sm on
+form of the parameter substitution (see below).
+.Pp
+Parameters with the export attribute (set using the
+.Ic export
+or
+.Ic typeset Fl x
+commands, or by parameter assignments followed by simple commands) are put in
+the environment (see
+.Xr environ 7 )
+of commands run by the shell as
+.Ar name Ns = Ns Ar value
+pairs.
+The order in which parameters appear in the environment of a command is
+unspecified.
+When the shell starts up, it extracts parameters and their values
+from its environment and automatically sets the export attribute for those
+parameters.
+.Pp
+Modifiers can be applied to the
+.Pf ${ Ns Ar name Ns }
+form of parameter substitution:
+.Bl -tag -width Ds
+.Sm off
+.It ${ Ar name No :\- Ar word No }
+.Sm on
+If
+.Ar name
+is set and not
+.Dv NULL ,
+it is substituted; otherwise,
+.Ar word
+is substituted.
+.Sm off
+.It ${ Ar name No :+ Ar word No }
+.Sm on
+If
+.Ar name
+is set and not
+.Dv NULL ,
+.Ar word
+is substituted; otherwise, nothing is substituted.
+.Sm off
+.It ${ Ar name No := Ar word No }
+.Sm on
+If
+.Ar name
+is set and not
+.Dv NULL ,
+it is substituted; otherwise, it is assigned
+.Ar word
+and the resulting value of
+.Ar name
+is substituted.
+.Sm off
+.It ${ Ar name No :? Ar word No }
+.Sm on
+If
+.Ar name
+is set and not
+.Dv NULL ,
+it is substituted; otherwise,
+.Ar word
+is printed on standard error (preceded by
+.Ar name : )
+and an error occurs (normally causing termination of a shell script, function,
+or script sourced using the
+.Sq \&.
+built-in).
+If
+.Ar word
+is omitted, the string
+.Dq parameter null or not set
+is used instead.
+Currently a bug, if
+.Ar word
+is a variable which expands to the null string, the
+error message is also printed.
+.El
+.Pp
+Note that, for all of the above,
+.Ar word
+is actually considered quoted, and special parsing rules apply.
+The parsing rules also differ on whether the expression is double-quoted:
+.Ar word
+then uses double-quoting rules, except for the double quote itself
+.Pq Sq \&"
+and the closing brace, which, if backslash escaped, gets quote removal applied.
+.Pp
+In the above modifiers, the
+.Ql \&:
+can be omitted, in which case the conditions only depend on
+.Ar name
+being set (as opposed to set and not
+.Dv NULL ) .
+If
+.Ar word
+is needed, parameter, command, arithmetic, and tilde substitution are performed
+on it; if
+.Ar word
+is not needed, it is not evaluated.
+.Pp
+The following forms of parameter substitution can also be used (if
+.Ar name
+is an array, the element with the key
+.Dq 0
+will be substituted in scalar context):
+.Pp
+.Bl -tag -width Ds -compact
+.It Pf ${# Ns Ar name Ns \&}
+The number of positional parameters if
+.Ar name
+is
+.Ql * ,
+.Ql @ ,
+or not specified; otherwise the length
+.Pq in characters
+of the string value of parameter
+.Ar name .
+.Pp
+.It Pf ${# Ns Ar name Ns \&[*]}
+.It Pf ${# Ns Ar name Ns \&[@]}
+The number of elements in the array
+.Ar name .
+.Pp
+.It Pf ${% Ns Ar name Ns \&}
+The width
+.Pq in screen columns
+of the string value of parameter
+.Ar name ,
+or \-1 if
+.Pf ${ Ns Ar name Ns }
+contains a control character.
+.Pp
+.It Pf ${! Ns Ar name Ns }
+The name of the variable referred to by
+.Ar name .
+This will be
+.Ar name
+except when
+.Ar name
+is a name reference (bound variable), created by the
+.Ic nameref
+command (which is an alias for
+.Ic typeset Fl n ) .
+.Pp
+.It Pf ${! Ns Ar name Ns \&[*]}
+.It Pf ${! Ns Ar name Ns \&[@]}
+The names of indices (keys) in the array
+.Ar name .
+.Pp
+.Sm off
+.It Xo
+.Pf ${ Ar name
+.Pf # Ar pattern No }
+.Xc
+.It Xo
+.Pf ${ Ar name
+.Pf ## Ar pattern No }
+.Xc
+.Sm on
+If
+.Ar pattern
+matches the beginning of the value of parameter
+.Ar name ,
+the matched text is deleted from the result of substitution.
+A single
+.Ql #
+results in the shortest match, and two
+of them result in the longest match.
+Cannot be applied to a vector
+.Pq ${*} or ${@} or ${array[*]} or ${array[@]} .
+.Pp
+.Sm off
+.It Xo
+.Pf ${ Ar name
+.Pf % Ar pattern No }
+.Xc
+.It Xo
+.Pf ${ Ar name
+.Pf %% Ar pattern No }
+.Xc
+.Sm on
+Like ${..#..} substitution, but it deletes from the end of the value.
+Cannot be applied to a vector.
+.Pp
+.Sm off
+.It Xo
+.Pf ${ Ar name
+.Pf / Ar pattern / Ar string No }
+.Xc
+.It Xo
+.Pf ${ Ar name
+.Pf /# Ar pattern / Ar string No }
+.Xc
+.It Xo
+.Pf ${ Ar name
+.Pf /% Ar pattern / Ar string No }
+.Xc
+.It Xo
+.Pf ${ Ar name
+.Pf // Ar pattern / Ar string No }
+.Xc
+.Sm on
+The longest match of
+.Ar pattern
+in the value of parameter
+.Ar name
+is replaced with
+.Ar string
+(deleted if
+.Ar string
+is empty; the trailing slash
+.Pq Ql /
+may be omitted in that case).
+A leading slash followed by
+.Ql #
+or
+.Ql %
+causes the pattern to be anchored at the beginning or end of
+the value, respectively; empty unanchored
+.Ar pattern Ns s
+cause no replacement; a single leading slash or use of a
+.Ar pattern
+that matches the empty string causes the replacement to
+happen only once; two leading slashes cause all occurrences
+of matches in the value to be replaced.
+Cannot be applied to a vector.
+Inefficiently implemented, may be slow.
+.Pp
+.Sm off
+.It Xo
+.Pf ${ Ar name : Ns Ar pos
+.Pf : Ns Ar len Ns }
+.Xc
+.Sm on
+The first
+.Ar len
+characters of
+.Ar name ,
+starting at position
+.Ar pos ,
+are substituted.
+Both
+.Ar pos
+and
+.Pf : Ns Ar len
+are optional.
+If
+.Ar pos
+is negative, counting starts at the end of the string; if it
+is omitted, it defaults to 0.
+If
+.Ar len
+is omitted or greater than the length of the remaining string,
+all of it is substituted.
+Both
+.Ar pos
+and
+.Ar len
+are evaluated as arithmetic expressions.
+Currently,
+.Ar pos
+must start with a space, opening parenthesis or digit to be recognised.
+Cannot be applied to a vector.
+.Pp
+.It Pf ${ Ns Ar name Ns @#}
+The hash (using the BAFH algorithm) of the expansion of
+.Ar name .
+This is also used internally for the shell's hashtables.
+.Pp
+.It Pf ${ Ns Ar name Ns @Q}
+A quoted expression safe for re-entry, whose value is the value of the
+.Ar name
+parameter, is substituted.
+.El
+.Pp
+Note that
+.Ar pattern
+may need extended globbing pattern
+.Pq @(...) ,
+single
+.Pq \&\*(aq...\&\*(aq
+or double
+.Pq \&"...\&"
+quote escaping unless
+.Fl o Ic sh
+is set.
+.Pp
+The following special parameters are implicitly set by the shell and cannot be
+set directly using assignments:
+.Bl -tag -width "1 .. 9"
+.It Ev \&!
+Process ID of the last background process started.
+If no background processes have been started, the parameter is not set.
+.It Ev \&#
+The number of positional parameters ($1, $2, etc.).
+.It Ev \&$
+The PID of the shell, or the PID of the original shell if it is a subshell.
+Do
+.Em NOT
+use this mechanism for generating temporary file names; see
+.Xr mktemp 1
+instead.
+.It Ev \-
+The concatenation of the current single letter options (see the
+.Ic set
+command below for a list of options).
+.It Ev \&?
+The exit status of the last non-asynchronous command executed.
+If the last command was killed by a signal,
+.Ic $?\&
+is set to 128 plus the signal number, but at most 255.
+.It Ev 0
+The name of the shell, determined as follows:
+the first argument to
+.Nm
+if it was invoked with the
+.Fl c
+option and arguments were given; otherwise the
+.Ar file
+argument, if it was supplied;
+or else the basename the shell was invoked with (i.e.\&
+.Li argv[0] ) .
+.Ev $0
+is also set to the name of the current script or
+the name of the current function, if it was defined with the
+.Ic function
+keyword (i.e. a Korn shell style function).
+.It Ev 1 No .. Ev 9
+The first nine positional parameters that were supplied to the shell, function,
+or script sourced using the
+.Sq \&.
+built-in.
+Further positional parameters may be accessed using
+.Pf ${ Ar number Ns } .
+.It Ev *
+All positional parameters (except 0), i.e. $1, $2, $3, ...
+.br
+If used
+outside of double quotes, parameters are separate words (which are subjected
+to word splitting); if used within double quotes, parameters are separated
+by the first character of the
+.Ev IFS
+parameter (or the empty string if
+.Ev IFS
+is
+.Dv NULL ) .
+.It Ev @
+Same as
+.Ic $* ,
+unless it is used inside double quotes, in which case a separate word is
+generated for each positional parameter.
+If there are no positional parameters, no word is generated.
+.Ic $@
+can be used to access arguments, verbatim, without losing
+.Dv NULL
+arguments or splitting arguments with spaces.
+.El
+.Pp
+The following parameters are set and/or used by the shell:
+.Bl -tag -width "KSH_VERSION"
+.It Ev _
+.Pq underscore
+When an external command is executed by the shell, this parameter is set in the
+environment of the new process to the path of the executed command.
+In interactive use, this parameter is also set in the parent shell to the last
+word of the previous command.
+.It Ev BASHPID
+The PID of the shell or subshell.
+.It Ev CDPATH
+Like
+.Ev PATH ,
+but used to resolve the argument to the
+.Ic cd
+built-in command.
+Note that if
+.Ev CDPATH
+is set and does not contain
+.Sq \&.
+or an empty string element, the current directory is not searched.
+Also, the
+.Ic cd
+built-in command will display the resulting directory when a match is found
+in any search path other than the empty path.
+.It Ev COLUMNS
+Set to the number of columns on the terminal or window.
+Always set, defaults to 80, unless the
+value as reported by
+.Xr stty 1
+is non-zero and sane enough (minimum is 12x3); similar for
+.Ev LINES .
+This parameter is used by the interactive line editing modes, and by the
+.Ic select ,
+.Ic set Fl o ,
+and
+.Ic kill Fl l
+commands to format information columns.
+Importing from the environment or unsetting this parameter removes the
+binding to the actual terminal size in favour of the provided value.
+.It Ev ENV
+If this parameter is found to be set after any profile files are executed, the
+expanded value is used as a shell startup file.
+It typically contains function and alias definitions.
+.It Ev ERRNO
+Integer value of the shell's
+.Va errno
+variable.
+It indicates the reason the last system call failed.
+Not yet implemented.
+.It Ev EXECSHELL
+If set, this parameter is assumed to contain the shell that is to be used to
+execute commands that
+.Xr execve 2
+fails to execute and which do not start with a
+.Dq #! Ns Ar shell
+sequence.
+.It Ev FCEDIT
+The editor used by the
+.Ic fc
+command (see below).
+.It Ev FPATH
+Like
+.Ev PATH ,
+but used when an undefined function is executed to locate the file defining the
+function.
+It is also searched when a command can't be found using
+.Ev PATH .
+See
+.Sx Functions
+below for more information.
+.It Ev HISTFILE
+The name of the file used to store command history.
+When assigned to or unset, the file is opened, history is truncated
+then loaded from the file; subsequent new commands (possibly consisting
+of several lines) are appended once they successfully compiled.
+Also, several invocations of the shell will share history if their
+.Ev HISTFILE
+parameters all point to the same file.
+.Pp
+.Sy Note :
+If
+.Ev HISTFILE
+is unset or empty, no history file is used.
+This is different from
+.At
+.Nm ksh .
+.It Ev HISTSIZE
+The number of commands normally stored for history.
+The default is 2047.
+Do not set this value to insanely high values such as 1000000000 because
+.Nm
+can then not allocate enough memory for the history and will not start.
+.It Ev HOME
+The default directory for the
+.Ic cd
+command and the value substituted for an unqualified
+.Ic \*(TI
+(see
+.Sx Tilde expansion
+below).
+.It Ev IFS
+Internal field separator, used during substitution and by the
+.Ic read
+command, to split values into distinct arguments; normally set to space, tab,
+and newline.
+See
+.Sx Substitution
+above for details.
+.Pp
+.Sy Note :
+This parameter is not imported from the environment when the shell is
+started.
+.It Ev KSHEGID
+The effective group id of the shell.
+.It Ev KSHGID
+The real group id of the shell.
+.It Ev KSHUID
+The real user id of the shell.
+.It Ev KSH_VERSION
+The name and version of the shell (read-only).
+See also the version commands in
+.Sx Emacs editing mode
+and
+.Sx Vi editing mode
+sections, below.
+.It Ev LINENO
+The line number of the function or shell script that is currently being
+executed.
+.It Ev LINES
+Set to the number of lines on the terminal or window.
+Always set, defaults to 24.
+See
+.Ev COLUMNS .
+.It Ev EPOCHREALTIME
+Time since the epoch, as returned by
+.Xr gettimeofday 2 ,
+formatted as decimal
+.Va tv_sec
+followed by a dot
+.Pq Sq \&.
+and
+.Va tv_usec
+padded to exactly six decimal digits.
+.It Ev OLDPWD
+The previous working directory.
+Unset if
+.Ic cd
+has not successfully changed directories since the shell started, or if the
+shell doesn't know where it is.
+.It Ev OPTARG
+When using
+.Ic getopts ,
+it contains the argument for a parsed option, if it requires one.
+.It Ev OPTIND
+The index of the next argument to be processed when using
+.Ic getopts .
+Assigning 1 to this parameter causes
+.Ic getopts
+to process arguments from the beginning the next time it is invoked.
+.It Ev PATH
+A colon (semicolon on OS/2) separated list of directories that are
+searched when looking for commands and files sourced using the
+.Sq \&.
+command (see below).
+An empty string resulting from a leading or trailing
+colon, or two adjacent colons, is treated as a
+.Sq \&.
+(the current directory).
+.It Ev PGRP
+The process ID of the shell's process group leader.
+.It Ev PIPESTATUS
+An array containing the errorlevel (exit status) codes,
+one by one, of the last pipeline run in the foreground.
+.It Ev PPID
+The process ID of the shell's parent.
+.It Ev PS1
+The primary prompt for interactive shells.
+Parameter, command, and arithmetic
+substitutions are performed, and
+.Ql \&!
+is replaced with the current command number (see the
+.Ic fc
+command below).
+A literal
+.Ql \&!
+can be put in the prompt by placing
+.Ql !!
+in
+.Ev PS1 .
+.Pp
+The default prompt is
+.Sq $\ \&
+for non-root users,
+.Sq #\ \&
+for root.
+If
+.Nm
+is invoked by root and
+.Ev PS1
+does not contain a
+.Sq #
+character, the default value will be used even if
+.Ev PS1
+already exists in the environment.
+.Pp
+The
+.Nm
+distribution comes with a sample
+.Pa dot.mkshrc
+containing a sophisticated example, but you might like the following one
+(note that ${HOSTNAME:=$(hostname)} and the
+root-vs-user distinguishing clause are (in this example) executed at
+.Ev PS1
+assignment time, while the $USER and $PWD are escaped
+and thus will be evaluated each time a prompt is displayed):
+.Bd -literal
+PS1=\*(aq${USER:=$(id \-un)}\*(aq"@${HOSTNAME:=$(hostname)}:\e$PWD $(
+       if (( USER_ID )); then print \e$; else print \e#; fi) "
+.Ed
+.Pp
+Note that since the command-line editors try to figure out how long the prompt
+is (so they know how far it is to the edge of the screen), escape codes in
+the prompt tend to mess things up.
+You can tell the shell not to count certain
+sequences (such as escape codes) by prefixing your prompt with a
+character (such as Ctrl-A) followed by a carriage return and then delimiting
+the escape codes with this character.
+Any occurrences of that character in the prompt are not printed.
+By the way, don't blame me for
+this hack; it's derived from the original
+.Xr ksh88 1 ,
+which did print the delimiter character so you were out of luck
+if you did not have any non-printing characters.
+.Pp
+Since Backslashes and other special characters may be
+interpreted by the shell, to set
+.Ev PS1
+either escape the backslash itself,
+or use double quotes.
+The latter is more practical.
+This is a more complex example,
+avoiding to directly enter special characters (for example with
+.Ic \*(haV
+in the emacs editing mode),
+which embeds the current working directory,
+in reverse video
+.Pq colour would work, too ,
+in the prompt string:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+x=$(print \e\e001)
+PS1="$x$(print \e\er)$x$(tput so)$x\e$PWD$x$(tput se)$x\*(Gt "
+.Ed
+.Pp
+Due to a strong suggestion from David G. Korn,
+.Nm
+now also supports the following form:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+PS1=$'\e1\er\e1\ee[7m\e1$PWD\e1\ee[0m\e1\*(Gt '
+.Ed
+.It Ev PS2
+Secondary prompt string, by default
+.Sq \*(Gt\ \& ,
+used when more input is needed to complete a command.
+.It Ev PS3
+Prompt used by the
+.Ic select
+statement when reading a menu selection.
+The default is
+.Sq #?\ \& .
+.It Ev PS4
+Used to prefix commands that are printed during execution tracing (see the
+.Ic set Fl x
+command below).
+Parameter, command, and arithmetic substitutions are performed
+before it is printed.
+The default is
+.Sq +\ \& .
+You may want to set it to
+.Sq \&[$EPOCHREALTIME]\ \&
+instead, to include timestamps.
+.It Ev PWD
+The current working directory.
+May be unset or
+.Dv NULL
+if the shell doesn't know where it is.
+.It Ev RANDOM
+Each time
+.Ev RANDOM
+is referenced, it is assigned a number between 0 and 32767 from
+a Linear Congruential PRNG first.
+.It Ev REPLY
+Default parameter for the
+.Ic read
+command if no names are given.
+Also used in
+.Ic select
+loops to store the value that is read from standard input.
+.It Ev SECONDS
+The number of seconds since the shell started or, if the parameter has been
+assigned an integer value, the number of seconds since the assignment plus the
+value that was assigned.
+.It Ev TMOUT
+If set to a positive integer in an interactive shell, it specifies the maximum
+number of seconds the shell will wait for input after printing the primary
+prompt
+.Pq Ev PS1 .
+If the time is exceeded, the shell exits.
+.It Ev TMPDIR
+The directory temporary shell files are created in.
+If this parameter is not
+set, or does not contain the absolute path of a writable directory, temporary
+files are created in
+.Pa /tmp .
+.It Ev USER_ID
+The effective user id of the shell.
+.El
+.Ss Tilde expansion
+Tilde expansion which is done in parallel with parameter substitution, is done
+on words starting with an unquoted
+.Ql \*(TI .
+The characters following the tilde, up to the first
+.Ql / ,
+if any, are assumed to be a login name.
+If the login name is empty,
+.Ql + ,
+or
+.Ql \- ,
+the value of the
+.Ev HOME ,
+.Ev PWD ,
+or
+.Ev OLDPWD
+parameter is substituted, respectively.
+Otherwise, the password file is
+searched for the login name, and the tilde expression is substituted with the
+user's home directory.
+If the login name is not found in the password file or
+if any quoting or parameter substitution occurs in the login name, no
+substitution is performed.
+.Pp
+In parameter assignments
+(such as those preceding a simple-command or those occurring
+in the arguments of
+.Ic alias ,
+.Ic export ,
+.Ic global ,
+.Ic readonly ,
+and
+.Ic typeset ) ,
+tilde expansion is done after any assignment
+(i.e. after the equals sign)
+or after an unquoted colon
+.Pq Sq \&: ;
+login names are also delimited by colons.
+.Pp
+The home directory of previously expanded login names are cached and re-used.
+The
+.Ic alias Fl d
+command may be used to list, change, and add to this cache (e.g.\&
+.Ic alias \-d fac=/usr/local/facilities; cd \*(TIfac/bin ) .
+.Ss Brace expansion (alternation)
+Brace expressions take the following form:
+.Bd -unfilled -offset indent
+.Sm off
+.Xo
+.Ar prefix No { Ar str1 No ,...,
+.Ar strN No } Ar suffix
+.Xc
+.Sm on
+.Ed
+.Pp
+The expressions are expanded to
+.Ar N
+words, each of which is the concatenation of
+.Ar prefix ,
+.Ar str Ns i ,
+and
+.Ar suffix
+(e.g.\&
+.Dq a{c,b{X,Y},d}e
+expands to four words:
+.Dq ace ,
+.Dq abXe ,
+.Dq abYe ,
+and
+.Dq ade ) .
+As noted in the example, brace expressions can be nested and the resulting
+words are not sorted.
+Brace expressions must contain an unquoted comma
+.Pq Sq \&,
+for expansion to occur (e.g.\&
+.Ic {}
+and
+.Ic {foo}
+are not expanded).
+Brace expansion is carried out after parameter substitution
+and before file name generation.
+.Ss File name patterns
+A file name pattern is a word containing one or more unquoted
+.Ql \&? ,
+.Ql * ,
+.Ql + ,
+.Ql @ ,
+or
+.Ql \&!
+characters or
+.Dq \&[..]
+sequences.
+Once brace expansion has been performed, the shell replaces file
+name patterns with the sorted names of all the files that match the pattern
+(if no files match, the word is left unchanged).
+The pattern elements have the following meaning:
+.Bl -tag -width Ds
+.It \&?
+Matches any single character.
+.It \&*
+Matches any sequence of octets.
+.It \&[..]
+Matches any of the octets inside the brackets.
+Ranges of octets can be specified by separating two octets by a
+.Ql \-
+(e.g.\&
+.Dq \&[a0\-9]
+matches the letter
+.Sq a
+or any digit).
+In order to represent itself, a
+.Ql \-
+must either be quoted or the first or last octet in the octet list.
+Similarly, a
+.Ql \&]
+must be quoted or the first octet in the list if it is to represent itself
+instead of the end of the list.
+Also, a
+.Ql \&!
+appearing at the start of the list has special meaning (see below), so to
+represent itself it must be quoted or appear later in the list.
+.It \&[!..]
+Like [..],
+except it matches any octet not inside the brackets.
+.Sm off
+.It *( Ar pattern\*(Ba No ...\*(Ba Ar pattern )
+.Sm on
+Matches any string of octets that matches zero or more occurrences of the
+specified patterns.
+Example: The pattern
+.Ic *(foo\*(Babar)
+matches the strings
+.Dq ,
+.Dq foo ,
+.Dq bar ,
+.Dq foobarfoo ,
+etc.
+.Sm off
+.It +( Ar pattern\*(Ba No ...\*(Ba Ar pattern )
+.Sm on
+Matches any string of octets that matches one or more occurrences of the
+specified patterns.
+Example: The pattern
+.Ic +(foo\*(Babar)
+matches the strings
+.Dq foo ,
+.Dq bar ,
+.Dq foobar ,
+etc.
+.Sm off
+.It ?( Ar pattern\*(Ba No ...\*(Ba Ar pattern )
+.Sm on
+Matches the empty string or a string that matches one of the specified
+patterns.
+Example: The pattern
+.Ic ?(foo\*(Babar)
+only matches the strings
+.Dq ,
+.Dq foo ,
+and
+.Dq bar .
+.Sm off
+.It @( Ar pattern\*(Ba No ...\*(Ba Ar pattern )
+.Sm on
+Matches a string that matches one of the specified patterns.
+Example: The pattern
+.Ic @(foo\*(Babar)
+only matches the strings
+.Dq foo
+and
+.Dq bar .
+.Sm off
+.It !( Ar pattern\*(Ba No ...\*(Ba Ar pattern )
+.Sm on
+Matches any string that does not match one of the specified patterns.
+Examples: The pattern
+.Ic !(foo\*(Babar)
+matches all strings except
+.Dq foo
+and
+.Dq bar ;
+the pattern
+.Ic !(*)
+matches no strings; the pattern
+.Ic !(?)*\&
+matches all strings (think about it).
+.El
+.Pp
+Note that complicated globbing, especially with alternatives,
+is slow; using separate comparisons may (or may not) be faster.
+.Pp
+Note that
+.Nm mksh
+.Po and Nm pdksh Pc
+never matches
+.Sq \&.
+and
+.Sq .. ,
+but
+.At
+.Nm ksh ,
+Bourne
+.Nm sh ,
+and GNU
+.Nm bash
+do.
+.Pp
+Note that none of the above pattern elements match either a period
+.Pq Sq \&.
+at the start of a file name or a slash
+.Pq Sq / ,
+even if they are explicitly used in a [..] sequence; also, the names
+.Sq \&.
+and
+.Sq ..
+are never matched, even by the pattern
+.Sq .* .
+.Pp
+If the
+.Ic markdirs
+option is set, any directories that result from file name generation are marked
+with a trailing
+.Ql / .
+.Ss Input/output redirection
+When a command is executed, its standard input, standard output, and standard
+error (file descriptors 0, 1, and 2, respectively) are normally inherited from
+the shell.
+Three exceptions to this are commands in pipelines, for which
+standard input and/or standard output are those set up by the pipeline,
+asynchronous commands created when job control is disabled, for which standard
+input is initially set to be from
+.Pa /dev/null ,
+and commands for which any of the following redirections have been specified:
+.Bl -tag -width XXxxmarker
+.It \*(Gt Ns Ar file
+Standard output is redirected to
+.Ar file .
+If
+.Ar file
+does not exist, it is created; if it does exist, is a regular file, and the
+.Ic noclobber
+option is set, an error occurs; otherwise, the file is truncated.
+Note that this means the command
+.Ic cmd \*(Ltfoo \*(Gtfoo
+will open
+.Ar foo
+for reading and then truncate it when it opens it for writing, before
+.Ar cmd
+gets a chance to actually read
+.Ar foo .
+.It \*(Gt\*(Ba Ns Ar file
+Same as
+.Ic \*(Gt ,
+except the file is truncated, even if the
+.Ic noclobber
+option is set.
+.It \*(Gt\*(Gt Ns Ar file
+Same as
+.Ic \*(Gt ,
+except if
+.Ar file
+exists it is appended to instead of being truncated.
+Also, the file is opened
+in append mode, so writes always go to the end of the file (see
+.Xr open 2 ) .
+.It \*(Lt Ns Ar file
+Standard input is redirected from
+.Ar file ,
+which is opened for reading.
+.It \*(Lt\*(Gt Ns Ar file
+Same as
+.Ic \*(Lt ,
+except the file is opened for reading and writing.
+.It \*(Lt\*(Lt Ns Ar marker
+After reading the command line containing this kind of redirection (called a
+.Dq here document ) ,
+the shell copies lines from the command source into a temporary file until a
+line matching
+.Ar marker
+is read.
+When the command is executed, standard input is redirected from the
+temporary file.
+If
+.Ar marker
+contains no quoted characters, the contents of the temporary file are processed
+as if enclosed in double quotes each time the command is executed, so
+parameter, command, and arithmetic substitutions are performed, along with
+backslash
+.Pq Sq \e
+escapes for
+.Ql $ ,
+.Ql \` ,
+.Ql \e ,
+and
+.Ql \enewline ,
+but not for
+.Ql \&" .
+If multiple here documents are used on the same command line, they are saved in
+order.
+.Pp
+If no
+.Ar marker
+is given, the here document ends at the next
+.Ic \*(Lt\*(Lt
+and substitution will be performed.
+If
+.Ar marker
+is only a set of either single
+.Dq \*(aq\*(aq
+or double
+.Sq \&""
+quotes with nothing in between, the here document ends at the next empty line
+and substitution will not be performed.
+.It \*(Lt\*(Lt\- Ns Ar marker
+Same as
+.Ic \*(Lt\*(Lt ,
+except leading tabs are stripped from lines in the here document.
+.It \*(Lt\*(Lt\*(Lt Ns Ar word
+Same as
+.Ic \*(Lt\*(Lt ,
+except that
+.Ar word
+.Em is
+the here document.
+This is called a here string.
+.It \*(Lt& Ns Ar fd
+Standard input is duplicated from file descriptor
+.Ar fd .
+.Ar fd
+can be a number, indicating the number of an existing file descriptor;
+the letter
+.Ql p ,
+indicating the file descriptor associated with the output of the current
+co-process; or the character
+.Ql \- ,
+indicating standard input is to be closed.
+Note that
+.Ar fd
+is limited to a single digit in most shell implementations.
+.It \*(Gt& Ns Ar fd
+Same as
+.Ic \*(Lt& ,
+except the operation is done on standard output.
+.It &\*(Gt Ns Ar file
+Same as
+.Ic \*(Gt Ns Ar file 2\*(Gt&1 .
+This is a deprecated (legacy) GNU
+.Nm bash
+extension supported by
+.Nm
+which also supports the preceding explicit fd number, for example,
+.Ic 3&\*(Gt Ns Ar file
+is the same as
+.Ic 3\*(Gt Ns Ar file 2\*(Gt&3
+in
+.Nm
+but a syntax error in GNU
+.Nm bash .
+.It Xo
+.No &\*(Gt\*(Ba Ns Ar file ,
+.No &\*(Gt\*(Gt Ns Ar file ,
+.No &\*(Gt& Ns Ar fd
+.Xc
+Same as
+.Ic \*(Gt\*(Ba Ns Ar file ,
+.Ic \*(Gt\*(Gt Ns Ar file ,
+or
+.Ic \*(Gt& Ns Ar fd ,
+followed by
+.Ic 2\*(Gt&1 ,
+as above.
+These are
+.Nm
+extensions.
+.El
+.Pp
+In any of the above redirections, the file descriptor that is redirected
+(i.e. standard input or standard output)
+can be explicitly given by preceding the
+redirection with a number (portably, only a single digit).
+Parameter, command, and arithmetic
+substitutions, tilde substitutions, and (if the shell is interactive)
+file name generation are all performed on the
+.Ar file ,
+.Ar marker ,
+and
+.Ar fd
+arguments of redirections.
+Note, however, that the results of any file name
+generation are only used if a single file is matched; if multiple files match,
+the word with the expanded file name generation characters is used.
+Note
+that in restricted shells, redirections which can create files cannot be used.
+.Pp
+For simple-commands, redirections may appear anywhere in the command; for
+compound-commands
+.Po
+.Ic if
+statements, etc.
+.Pc ,
+any redirections must appear at the end.
+Redirections are processed after
+pipelines are created and in the order they are given, so the following
+will print an error with a line number prepended to it:
+.Pp
+.D1 $ cat /foo/bar 2\*(Gt&1 \*(Gt/dev/null \*(Ba pr \-n \-t
+.Pp
+File descriptors created by I/O redirections are private to the shell.
+.Ss Arithmetic expressions
+Integer arithmetic expressions can be used with the
+.Ic let
+command, inside $((..)) expressions, inside array references (e.g.\&
+.Ar name Ns Bq Ar expr ) ,
+as numeric arguments to the
+.Ic test
+command, and as the value of an assignment to an integer parameter.
+.Em Warning :
+This also affects implicit conversion to integer, for example as done by the
+.Ic let
+command.
+.Em Never
+use unchecked user input, e.g. from the environment, in arithmetics!
+.Pp
+Expressions are calculated using signed arithmetic and the
+.Vt mksh_ari_t
+type (a 32-bit signed integer), unless they begin with a sole
+.Sq #
+character, in which case they use
+.Vt mksh_uari_t
+.Po a 32-bit unsigned integer Pc .
+.Pp
+Expressions may contain alpha-numeric parameter identifiers, array references,
+and integer constants and may be combined with the following C operators
+(listed and grouped in increasing order of precedence):
+.Pp
+Unary operators:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
++ \- ! \*(TI ++ \-\-
+.Ed
+.Pp
+Binary operators:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+,
+= += \-= *= /= %= \*(Lt\*(Lt\*(Lt= \*(Gt\*(Gt\*(Gt= \*(Lt\*(Lt= \*(Gt\*(Gt= &= \*(ha= \*(Ba=
+\*(Ba\*(Ba
+&&
+\*(Ba
+\*(ha
+&
+== !=
+\*(Lt \*(Lt= \*(Gt \*(Gt=
+\*(Lt\*(Lt\*(Lt \*(Gt\*(Gt\*(Gt \*(Lt\*(Lt \*(Gt\*(Gt
++ \-
+* / %
+.Ed
+.Pp
+Ternary operators:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+?: (precedence is immediately higher than assignment)
+.Ed
+.Pp
+Grouping operators:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+( )
+.Ed
+.Pp
+Integer constants and expressions are calculated using an exactly 32-bit
+wide, signed or unsigned, type with silent wraparound on integer overflow.
+Integer constants may be specified with arbitrary bases using the notation
+.Ar base Ns # Ns Ar number ,
+where
+.Ar base
+is a decimal integer specifying the base, and
+.Ar number
+is a number in the specified base.
+Additionally, base-16 integers may be specified by prefixing them with
+.Sq 0x
+.Pq case-insensitive
+in all forms of arithmetic expressions, except as numeric arguments to the
+.Ic test
+built-in command.
+Prefixing numbers with a sole digit zero
+.Pq Sq 0
+does not cause interpretation as octal, as that's unsafe to do.
+.Pp
+As a special
+.Nm mksh
+extension, numbers to the base of one are treated as either (8-bit
+transparent) ASCII or Unicode codepoints, depending on the shell's
+.Ic utf8\-mode
+flag (current setting).
+The
+.At
+.Nm ksh93
+syntax of
+.Dq \*(aqx\*(aq
+instead of
+.Dq 1#x
+is also supported.
+Note that NUL bytes (integral value of zero) cannot be used.
+An unset or empty parameter evaluates to 0 in integer context.
+In Unicode mode, raw octets are mapped into the range EF80..EFFF as in
+OPTU-8, which is in the PUA and has been assigned by CSUR for this use.
+If more than one octet in ASCII mode, or a sequence of more than one
+octet not forming a valid and minimal CESU-8 sequence is passed, the
+behaviour is undefined (usually, the shell aborts with a parse error,
+but rarely, it succeeds, e.g. on the sequence C2 20).
+That's why you should always use ASCII mode unless you know that the
+input is well-formed UTF-8 in the range of 0000..FFFD if you use this
+feature, as opposed to
+.Ic read Fl a .
+.Pp
+The operators are evaluated as follows:
+.Bl -tag -width Ds -offset indent
+.It unary +
+Result is the argument (included for completeness).
+.It unary \-
+Negation.
+.It \&!
+Logical NOT;
+the result is 1 if argument is zero, 0 if not.
+.It \*(TI
+Arithmetic (bit-wise) NOT.
+.It ++
+Increment; must be applied to a parameter (not a literal or other expression).
+The parameter is incremented by 1.
+When used as a prefix operator, the result
+is the incremented value of the parameter; when used as a postfix operator, the
+result is the original value of the parameter.
+.It \-\-
+Similar to
+.Ic ++ ,
+except the parameter is decremented by 1.
+.It \&,
+Separates two arithmetic expressions; the left-hand side is evaluated first,
+then the right.
+The result is the value of the expression on the right-hand side.
+.It =
+Assignment; the variable on the left is set to the value on the right.
+.It Xo
+.No += \-= *= /= %= \*(Lt\*(Lt\*(Lt= \*(Gt\*(Gt\*(Gt=
+.No \*(Lt\*(Lt= \*(Gt\*(Gt= &= \*(ha= \*(Ba=
+.Xc
+Assignment operators.
+.Sm off
+.Ao Ar var Ac Xo
+.Aq Ar op
+.No = Aq Ar expr
+.Xc
+.Sm on
+is the same as
+.Sm off
+.Ao Ar var Ac Xo
+.No = Aq Ar var
+.Aq Ar op
+.Aq Ar expr ,
+.Xc
+.Sm on
+with any operator precedence in
+.Aq Ar expr
+preserved.
+For example,
+.Dq var1 *= 5 + 3
+is the same as specifying
+.Dq var1 = var1 * (5 + 3) .
+.It \*(Ba\*(Ba
+Logical OR;
+the result is 1 if either argument is non-zero, 0 if not.
+The right argument is evaluated only if the left argument is zero.
+.It &&
+Logical AND;
+the result is 1 if both arguments are non-zero, 0 if not.
+The right argument is evaluated only if the left argument is non-zero.
+.It \*(Ba
+Arithmetic (bit-wise) OR.
+.It \*(ha
+Arithmetic (bit-wise) XOR
+(exclusive-OR).
+.It &
+Arithmetic (bit-wise) AND.
+.It ==
+Equal; the result is 1 if both arguments are equal, 0 if not.
+.It !=
+Not equal; the result is 0 if both arguments are equal, 1 if not.
+.It \*(Lt
+Less than; the result is 1 if the left argument is less than the right, 0 if
+not.
+.It \*(Lt= \*(Gt \*(Gt=
+Less than or equal, greater than, greater than or equal.
+See
+.Ic \*(Lt .
+.It \*(Lt\*(Lt\*(Lt \*(Gt\*(Gt\*(Gt
+Rotate left (right); the result is similar to shift (see
+.Ic \*(Lt\*(Lt )
+except that the bits shifted out at one end are shifted in
+at the other end, instead of zero or sign bits.
+.It \*(Lt\*(Lt \*(Gt\*(Gt
+Shift left (right); the result is the left argument with its bits shifted left
+(right) by the amount given in the right argument.
+.It + \- * /
+Addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.
+.It %
+Remainder; the result is the symmetric remainder of the division of the left
+argument by the right.
+To get the mathematical modulus of
+.Dq a Ic mod No b ,
+use the formula
+.Do
+.Pq a % b + b
+.No % b
+.Dc .
+.It Xo
+.Sm off
+.Aq Ar arg1 ?
+.Aq Ar arg2 :
+.Aq Ar arg3
+.Sm on
+.Xc
+If
+.Aq Ar arg1
+is non-zero, the result is
+.Aq Ar arg2 ;
+otherwise the result is
+.Aq Ar arg3 .
+The non-result argument is not evaluated.
+.El
+.Ss Co-processes
+A co-process (which is a pipeline created with the
+.Sq \*(Ba&
+operator) is an asynchronous process that the shell can both write to (using
+.Ic print Fl p )
+and read from (using
+.Ic read Fl p ) .
+The input and output of the co-process can also be manipulated using
+.Ic \*(Gt&p
+and
+.Ic \*(Lt&p
+redirections, respectively.
+Once a co-process has been started, another can't
+be started until the co-process exits, or until the co-process's input has been
+redirected using an
+.Ic exec Ar n Ns Ic \*(Gt&p
+redirection.
+If a co-process's input is redirected in this way, the next
+co-process to be started will share the output with the first co-process,
+unless the output of the initial co-process has been redirected using an
+.Ic exec Ar n Ns Ic \*(Lt&p
+redirection.
+.Pp
+Some notes concerning co-processes:
+.Bl -bullet
+.It
+The only way to close the co-process's input (so the co-process reads an
+end-of-file) is to redirect the input to a numbered file descriptor and then
+close that file descriptor:
+.Ic exec 3\*(Gt&p; exec 3\*(Gt&\-
+.It
+In order for co-processes to share a common output, the shell must keep the
+write portion of the output pipe open.
+This means that end-of-file will not be
+detected until all co-processes sharing the co-process's output have exited
+(when they all exit, the shell closes its copy of the pipe).
+This can be
+avoided by redirecting the output to a numbered file descriptor (as this also
+causes the shell to close its copy).
+Note that this behaviour is slightly
+different from the original Korn shell which closes its copy of the write
+portion of the co-process output when the most recently started co-process
+(instead of when all sharing co-processes) exits.
+.It
+.Ic print Fl p
+will ignore
+.Dv SIGPIPE
+signals during writes if the signal is not being trapped or ignored; the same
+is true if the co-process input has been duplicated to another file descriptor
+and
+.Ic print Fl u Ns Ar n
+is used.
+.El
+.Ss Functions
+Functions are defined using either Korn shell
+.Ic function Ar function-name
+syntax or the Bourne/POSIX shell
+.Ar function-name Ns \&()
+syntax (see below for the difference between the two forms).
+Functions are like
+.Li .\(hyscripts
+(i.e. scripts sourced using the
+.Sq \&.
+built-in)
+in that they are executed in the current environment.
+However, unlike
+.Li .\(hyscripts ,
+shell arguments (i.e. positional parameters $1, $2, etc.)\&
+are never visible inside them.
+When the shell is determining the location of a command, functions
+are searched after special built-in commands, before builtins and the
+.Ev PATH
+is searched.
+.Pp
+An existing function may be deleted using
+.Ic unset Fl f Ar function-name .
+A list of functions can be obtained using
+.Ic typeset +f
+and the function definitions can be listed using
+.Ic typeset Fl f .
+The
+.Ic autoload
+command (which is an alias for
+.Ic typeset Fl fu )
+may be used to create undefined functions: when an undefined function is
+executed, the shell searches the path specified in the
+.Ev FPATH
+parameter for a file with the same name as the function which, if found, is
+read and executed.
+If after executing the file the named function is found to
+be defined, the function is executed; otherwise, the normal command search is
+continued (i.e. the shell searches the regular built-in command table and
+.Ev PATH ) .
+Note that if a command is not found using
+.Ev PATH ,
+an attempt is made to autoload a function using
+.Ev FPATH
+(this is an undocumented feature of the original Korn shell).
+.Pp
+Functions can have two attributes,
+.Dq trace
+and
+.Dq export ,
+which can be set with
+.Ic typeset Fl ft
+and
+.Ic typeset Fl fx ,
+respectively.
+When a traced function is executed, the shell's
+.Ic xtrace
+option is turned on for the function's duration.
+The
+.Dq export
+attribute of functions is currently not used.
+In the original Korn shell,
+exported functions are visible to shell scripts that are executed.
+.Pp
+Since functions are executed in the current shell environment, parameter
+assignments made inside functions are visible after the function completes.
+If this is not the desired effect, the
+.Ic typeset
+command can be used inside a function to create a local parameter.
+Note that
+.At
+.Nm ksh93
+uses static scoping (one global scope, one local scope per function)
+and allows local variables only on Korn style functions, whereas
+.Nm mksh
+uses dynamic scoping (nested scopes of varying locality).
+Note that special parameters (e.g.\&
+.Ic \&$$ , $! )
+can't be scoped in this way.
+.Pp
+The exit status of a function is that of the last command executed in the
+function.
+A function can be made to finish immediately using the
+.Ic return
+command; this may also be used to explicitly specify the exit status.
+.Pp
+Functions defined with the
+.Ic function
+reserved word are treated differently in the following ways from functions
+defined with the
+.Ic \&()
+notation:
+.Bl -bullet
+.It
+The $0 parameter is set to the name of the function
+(Bourne-style functions leave $0 untouched).
+.It
+Parameter assignments preceding function calls are not kept in the shell
+environment (executing Bourne-style functions will keep assignments).
+.It
+.Ev OPTIND
+is saved/reset and restored on entry and exit from the function so
+.Ic getopts
+can be used properly both inside and outside the function (Bourne-style
+functions leave
+.Ev OPTIND
+untouched, so using
+.Ic getopts
+inside a function interferes with using
+.Ic getopts
+outside the function).
+.It
+Shell options
+.Pq Ic set Fl o
+have local scope, i.e. changes inside a function are reset upon its exit.
+.El
+.Pp
+In the future, the following differences may also be added:
+.Bl -bullet
+.It
+A separate trap/signal environment will be used during the execution of
+functions.
+This will mean that traps set inside a function will not affect the
+shell's traps and signals that are not ignored in the shell (but may be
+trapped) will have their default effect in a function.
+.It
+The EXIT trap, if set in a function, will be executed after the function
+returns.
+.El
+.Ss Command execution
+After evaluation of command-line arguments, redirections, and parameter
+assignments, the type of command is determined: a special built-in command,
+a function, a normal builtin, or the name of a file to execute found using the
+.Ev PATH
+parameter.
+The checks are made in the above order.
+Special built-in commands differ from other commands in that the
+.Ev PATH
+parameter is not used to find them, an error during their execution can
+cause a non-interactive shell to exit, and parameter assignments that are
+specified before the command are kept after the command completes.
+Regular built-in commands are different only in that the
+.Ev PATH
+parameter is not used to find them.
+.Pp
+The original
+.Nm ksh
+and POSIX differ somewhat in which commands are considered
+special or regular.
+.Pp
+POSIX special built-in utilities:
+.Pp
+.Ic \&. , \&: , break , continue ,
+.Ic eval , exec , exit , export ,
+.Ic readonly , return , set , shift ,
+.Ic times , trap , unset
+.Pp
+Additional
+.Nm
+commands keeping assignments:
+.Pp
+.Ic builtin , global , source , typeset ,
+.Ic wait
+.Pp
+Builtins that are not special:
+.Pp
+.Ic [ , alias , bg , bind ,
+.Ic cat , cd , command , echo ,
+.Ic false , fc , fg , getopts ,
+.Ic jobs , kill , let , print ,
+.Ic pwd , read , realpath , rename ,
+.Ic sleep , suspend , test , true ,
+.Ic ulimit , umask , unalias , whence
+.Pp
+Once the type of command has been determined, any command-line parameter
+assignments are performed and exported for the duration of the command.
+.Pp
+The following describes the special and regular built-in commands and
+builtin-like reserved words:
+.Pp
+.Bl -tag -width false -compact
+.It Ic \&. Ar file Op Ar arg ...
+This is called the
+.Dq dot
+command.
+Execute the commands in
+.Ar file
+in the current environment.
+The file is searched for in the directories of
+.Ev PATH .
+If arguments are given, the positional parameters may be used to access them
+while
+.Ar file
+is being executed.
+If no arguments are given, the positional parameters are
+those of the environment the command is used in.
+.Pp
+.It Ic \&: Op Ar ...
+The null command.
+Exit status is set to zero.
+.Pp
+.It Ic \&[ Ar expression Ic \&]
+See
+.Ic test .
+.Pp
+.It Xo Ic alias
+.Oo Fl d \*(Ba t Oo Fl r Oc \*(Ba
+.Cm +\-x Oc
+.Op Fl p
+.Op Cm +
+.Oo Ar name
+.Op Ns = Ns Ar value
+.Ar ... Oc
+.Xc
+Without arguments,
+.Ic alias
+lists all aliases.
+For any name without a value, the existing alias is listed.
+Any name with a value defines an alias (see
+.Sx Aliases
+above).
+.Pp
+When listing aliases, one of two formats is used.
+Normally, aliases are listed as
+.Ar name Ns = Ns Ar value ,
+where
+.Ar value
+is quoted.
+If options were preceded with
+.Ql + ,
+or a lone
+.Ql +
+is given on the command line, only
+.Ar name
+is printed.
+.Pp
+The
+.Fl d
+option causes directory aliases which are used in tilde expansion to be
+listed or set (see
+.Sx Tilde expansion
+above).
+.Pp
+If the
+.Fl p
+option is used, each alias is prefixed with the string
+.Dq alias\ \& .
+.Pp
+The
+.Fl t
+option indicates that tracked aliases are to be listed/set (values specified on
+the command line are ignored for tracked aliases).
+The
+.Fl r
+option indicates that all tracked aliases are to be reset.
+.Pp
+The
+.Fl x
+option sets
+.Pq Ic +x No clears
+the export attribute of an alias, or, if no names are given, lists the aliases
+with the export attribute (exporting an alias has no effect).
+.Pp
+.It Ic bg Op Ar job ...
+Resume the specified stopped job(s) in the background.
+If no jobs are specified,
+.Ic %+
+is assumed.
+See
+.Sx Job control
+below for more information.
+.Pp
+.It Ic bind Op Fl l
+The current bindings are listed.
+If the
+.Fl l
+flag is given,
+.Ic bind
+instead lists the names of the functions to which keys may be bound.
+See
+.Sx Emacs editing mode
+for more information.
+.Pp
+.It Xo Ic bind Op Fl m
+.Ar string Ns = Ns Op Ar substitute
+.Ar ...
+.Xc
+.It Xo Ic bind
+.Ar string Ns = Ns Op Ar editing-command
+.Ar ...
+.Xc
+The specified editing command is bound to the given
+.Ar string ,
+which should consist of a control character
+optionally preceded by one of the two prefix characters
+and optionally succeded by a tilde character.
+Future input of the
+.Ar string
+will cause the editing command to be immediately invoked.
+If the
+.Fl m
+flag is given, the specified input
+.Ar string
+will afterwards be immediately replaced by the given
+.Ar substitute
+string which may contain editing commands but not other macros.
+If a tilde postfix is given, a tilde trailing the one or
+two prefices and the control character is ignored, any
+other trailing character will be processed afterwards.
+.Pp
+Control characters may be written using caret notation
+i.e. \*(haX represents Ctrl-X.
+Note that although only two prefix characters (usually ESC and \*(haX)
+are supported, some multi-character sequences can be supported.
+.Pp
+The following default bindings show how the arrow keys, the home, end and
+delete key on a BSD wsvt25, xterm\-xfree86 or GNU screen terminal are bound
+(of course some escape sequences won't work out quite this nicely):
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+bind \*(aq\*(haX\*(aq=prefix\-2
+bind \*(aq\*(ha[[\*(aq=prefix\-2
+bind \*(aq\*(haXA\*(aq=up\-history
+bind \*(aq\*(haXB\*(aq=down\-history
+bind \*(aq\*(haXC\*(aq=forward\-char
+bind \*(aq\*(haXD\*(aq=backward\-char
+bind \*(aq\*(haX1\*(TI\*(aq=beginning\-of\-line
+bind \*(aq\*(haX7\*(TI\*(aq=beginning\-of\-line
+bind \*(aq\*(haXH\*(aq=beginning\-of\-line
+bind \*(aq\*(haX4\*(TI\*(aq=end\-of\-line
+bind \*(aq\*(haX8\*(TI\*(aq=end\-of\-line
+bind \*(aq\*(haXF\*(aq=end\-of\-line
+bind \*(aq\*(haX3\*(TI\*(aq=delete\-char\-forward
+.Ed
+.Pp
+.It Ic break Op Ar level
+Exit the
+.Ar level Ns th
+inner-most
+.Ic for ,
+.Ic select ,
+.Ic until ,
+or
+.Ic while
+loop.
+.Ar level
+defaults to 1.
+.Pp
+.It Xo
+.Ic builtin
+.Op Fl \-
+.Ar command Op Ar arg ...
+.Xc
+Execute the built-in command
+.Ar command .
+.Pp
+.It Xo
+.Ic cat
+.Op Fl u
+.Op Ar
+.Xc
+Read files sequentially, in command line order, and write them to
+standard output.
+If a
+.Ar file
+is a single dash
+.Pq Sq -
+or absent, read from standard input.
+For direct builtin calls, the
+.Tn POSIX
+.Fl u
+option is supported as a no-op.
+For calls from shell, if any options are given, an external
+.Xr cat 1
+utility is preferred over the builtin.
+.Pp
+.It Xo
+.Ic cd
+.Op Fl L
+.Op Ar dir
+.Xc
+.It Xo
+.Ic cd
+.Fl P Op Fl e
+.Op Ar dir
+.Xc
+.It Xo
+.Ic chdir
+.Op Fl eLP
+.Op Ar dir
+.Xc
+Set the working directory to
+.Ar dir .
+If the parameter
+.Ev CDPATH
+is set, it lists the search path for the directory containing
+.Ar dir .
+A
+.Dv NULL
+path means the current directory.
+If
+.Ar dir
+is found in any component of the
+.Ev CDPATH
+search path other than the
+.Dv NULL
+path, the name of the new working directory will be written to standard output.
+If
+.Ar dir
+is missing, the home directory
+.Ev HOME
+is used.
+If
+.Ar dir
+is
+.Ql \- ,
+the previous working directory is used (see the
+.Ev OLDPWD
+parameter).
+.Pp
+If the
+.Fl L
+option (logical path) is used or if the
+.Ic physical
+option isn't set (see the
+.Ic set
+command below), references to
+.Sq ..
+in
+.Ar dir
+are relative to the path used to get to the directory.
+If the
+.Fl P
+option (physical path) is used or if the
+.Ic physical
+option is set,
+.Sq ..
+is relative to the filesystem directory tree.
+The
+.Ev PWD
+and
+.Ev OLDPWD
+parameters are updated to reflect the current and old working directory,
+respectively.
+If the
+.Fl e
+option is set for physical filesystem traversal, and
+.Ev PWD
+could not be set, the exit code is 1; greater than 1 if an
+error occurred, 0 otherwise.
+.Pp
+.It Xo
+.Ic cd
+.Op Fl eLP
+.Ar old new
+.Xc
+.It Xo
+.Ic chdir
+.Op Fl eLP
+.Ar old new
+.Xc
+The string
+.Ar new
+is substituted for
+.Ar old
+in the current directory, and the shell attempts to change to the new
+directory.
+.Pp
+.It Xo
+.Ic command
+.Op Fl pVv
+.Ar cmd
+.Op Ar arg ...
+.Xc
+If neither the
+.Fl v
+nor
+.Fl V
+option is given,
+.Ar cmd
+is executed exactly as if
+.Ic command
+had not been specified, with two exceptions:
+firstly,
+.Ar cmd
+cannot be a shell function;
+and secondly, special built-in commands lose their specialness
+(i.e. redirection and utility errors do not cause the shell to
+exit, and command assignments are not permanent).
+.Pp
+If the
+.Fl p
+option is given, a default search path is used instead of the current value of
+.Ev PATH ,
+the actual value of which is system dependent.
+.Pp
+If the
+.Fl v
+option is given, instead of executing
+.Ar cmd ,
+information about what would be executed is given (and the same is done for
+.Ar arg ... ) .
+For builtins, functions and keywords, their names are simply printed;
+for aliases, a command that defines them is printed;
+for utilities found by searching the
+.Ev PATH
+parameter, the full path of the command is printed.
+If no command is found
+(i.e. the path search fails), nothing is printed and
+.Ic command
+exits with a non-zero status.
+The
+.Fl V
+option is like the
+.Fl v
+option, except it is more verbose.
+.Pp
+.It Ic continue Op Ar level
+Jumps to the beginning of the
+.Ar level Ns th
+inner-most
+.Ic for ,
+.Ic select ,
+.Ic until ,
+or
+.Ic while
+loop.
+.Ar level
+defaults to 1.
+.Pp
+.It Xo
+.Ic echo
+.Op Fl Een
+.Op Ar arg ...
+.Xc
+.Em Warning:
+this utility is not portable; use the Korn shell builtin
+.Ic print
+instead.
+.Pp
+Prints its arguments (separated by spaces) followed by a newline, to the
+standard output.
+The newline is suppressed if any of the arguments contain the
+backslash sequence
+.Ql \ec .
+See the
+.Ic print
+command below for a list of other backslash sequences that are recognised.
+.Pp
+The options are provided for compatibility with
+.Bx
+shell scripts.
+The
+.Fl n
+option suppresses the trailing newline,
+.Fl e
+enables backslash interpretation (a no-op, since this is normally done), and
+.Fl E
+suppresses backslash interpretation.
+.Pp
+If the
+.Ic posix
+or
+.Ic sh
+option is set or this is a direct builtin call, only the first argument
+is treated as an option, and only if it is exactly
+.Dq Fl n .
+Backslash interpretation is disabled.
+.Pp
+.It Ic eval Ar command ...
+The arguments are concatenated (with spaces between them) to form a single
+string which the shell then parses and executes in the current environment.
+.Pp
+.It Xo
+.Ic exec
+.Op Fl a Ar argv0
+.Op Fl c
+.Op Ar command Op Ar arg ...
+.Xc
+The command is executed without forking, replacing the shell process.
+This is currently absolute, i.e.\&
+.Ic exec
+never returns, even if the
+.Ar command
+is not found.
+The
+.Fl a
+option permits setting a different
+.Li argv[0]
+value, and
+.Fl c
+clears the environment before executing the child process, except for the
+.Ev _
+variable and direct assignments.
+.Pp
+If no command is given except for I/O redirection, the I/O redirection is
+permanent and the shell is
+not replaced.
+Any file descriptors greater than 2 which are opened or
+.Xr dup 2 Ns 'd
+in this way are not made available to other executed commands (i.e. commands
+that are not built-in to the shell).
+Note that the Bourne shell differs here;
+it does pass these file descriptors on.
+.Pp
+.It Ic exit Op Ar status
+The shell exits with the specified exit status.
+If
+.Ar status
+is not specified, the exit status is the current value of the
+.Ic $?\&
+parameter.
+.Pp
+.It Xo
+.Ic export
+.Op Fl p
+.Op Ar parameter Ns Op = Ns Ar value
+.Xc
+Sets the export attribute of the named parameters.
+Exported parameters are passed in the environment to executed commands.
+If values are specified, the named parameters are also assigned.
+.Pp
+If no parameters are specified, all parameters with the export attribute
+set are printed one per line; either their names, or, if a
+.Ql \-
+with no option letter is specified, name=value pairs, or, with
+.Fl p ,
+.Ic export
+commands suitable for re-entry.
+.Pp
+.It Ic false
+A command that exits with a non-zero status.
+.Pp
+.It Xo
+.Ic fc
+.Oo Fl e Ar editor \*(Ba
+.Fl l Op Fl n Oc
+.Op Fl r
+.Op Ar first Op Ar last
+.Xc
+.Ar first
+and
+.Ar last
+select commands from the history.
+Commands can be selected by history number
+(negative numbers go backwards from the current, most recent, line)
+or a string specifying the most recent command starting with that string.
+The
+.Fl l
+option lists the command on standard output, and
+.Fl n
+inhibits the default command numbers.
+The
+.Fl r
+option reverses the order of the list.
+Without
+.Fl l ,
+the selected commands are edited by the editor specified with the
+.Fl e
+option, or if no
+.Fl e
+is specified, the editor specified by the
+.Ev FCEDIT
+parameter (if this parameter is not set,
+.Pa /bin/ed
+is used), and then executed by the shell.
+.Pp
+.It Xo
+.Ic fc
+.Cm \-e \- \*(Ba Fl s
+.Op Fl g
+.Op Ar old Ns = Ns Ar new
+.Op Ar prefix
+.Xc
+Re-execute the selected command (the previous command by default) after
+performing the optional substitution of
+.Ar old
+with
+.Ar new .
+If
+.Fl g
+is specified, all occurrences of
+.Ar old
+are replaced with
+.Ar new .
+The meaning of
+.Cm \-e \-
+and
+.Fl s
+is identical: re-execute the selected command without invoking an editor.
+This command is usually accessed with the predefined:
+.Ic alias r=\*(aqfc \-e \-\*(aq
+.Pp
+.It Ic fg Op Ar job ...
+Resume the specified job(s) in the foreground.
+If no jobs are specified,
+.Ic %+
+is assumed.
+See
+.Sx Job control
+below for more information.
+.Pp
+.It Xo
+.Ic getopts
+.Ar optstring name
+.Op Ar arg ...
+.Xc
+Used by shell procedures to parse the specified arguments (or positional
+parameters, if no arguments are given) and to check for legal options.
+.Ar optstring
+contains the option letters that
+.Ic getopts
+is to recognise.
+If a letter is followed by a colon, the option is expected to
+have an argument.
+Options that do not take arguments may be grouped in a single argument.
+If an option takes an argument and the option character is not the
+last character of the argument it is found in, the remainder of the argument is
+taken to be the option's argument; otherwise, the next argument is the option's
+argument.
+.Pp
+Each time
+.Ic getopts
+is invoked, it places the next option in the shell parameter
+.Ar name
+and the index of the argument to be processed by the next call to
+.Ic getopts
+in the shell parameter
+.Ev OPTIND .
+If the option was introduced with a
+.Ql + ,
+the option placed in
+.Ar name
+is prefixed with a
+.Ql + .
+When an option requires an argument,
+.Ic getopts
+places it in the shell parameter
+.Ev OPTARG .
+.Pp
+When an illegal option or a missing option argument is encountered, a question
+mark or a colon is placed in
+.Ar name
+(indicating an illegal option or missing argument, respectively) and
+.Ev OPTARG
+is set to the option character that caused the problem.
+Furthermore, if
+.Ar optstring
+does not begin with a colon, a question mark is placed in
+.Ar name ,
+.Ev OPTARG
+is unset, and an error message is printed to standard error.
+.Pp
+When the end of the options is encountered,
+.Ic getopts
+exits with a non-zero exit status.
+Options end at the first (non-option
+argument) argument that does not start with a
+.Ql \- ,
+or when a
+.Ql \-\-
+argument is encountered.
+.Pp
+Option parsing can be reset by setting
+.Ev OPTIND
+to 1 (this is done automatically whenever the shell or a shell procedure is
+invoked).
+.Pp
+Warning: Changing the value of the shell parameter
+.Ev OPTIND
+to a value other than 1, or parsing different sets of arguments without
+resetting
+.Ev OPTIND ,
+may lead to unexpected results.
+.Pp
+.It global Ar ...
+See
+.Ic typeset .
+.Pp
+.It Xo
+.Ic hash
+.Op Fl r
+.Op Ar name ...
+.Xc
+Without arguments, any hashed executable command pathnames are listed.
+The
+.Fl r
+option causes all hashed commands to be removed from the hash table.
+Each
+.Ar name
+is searched as if it were a command name and added to the hash table if it is
+an executable command.
+.Pp
+.It Xo
+.Ic jobs
+.Op Fl lnp
+.Op Ar job ...
+.Xc
+Display information about the specified job(s); if no jobs are specified, all
+jobs are displayed.
+The
+.Fl n
+option causes information to be displayed only for jobs that have changed
+state since the last notification.
+If the
+.Fl l
+option is used, the process ID of each process in a job is also listed.
+The
+.Fl p
+option causes only the process group of each job to be printed.
+See
+.Sx Job control
+below for the format of
+.Ar job
+and the displayed job.
+.Pp
+.It Xo
+.Ic kill
+.Oo Fl s Ar signame \*(Ba
+.No \- Ns Ar signum \*(Ba
+.No \- Ns Ar signame Oc
+.No { Ar job \*(Ba pid \*(Ba pgrp No }
+.Ar ...
+.Xc
+Send the specified signal to the specified jobs, process IDs, or process
+groups.
+If no signal is specified, the
+.Dv TERM
+signal is sent.
+If a job is specified, the signal is sent to the job's process group.
+See
+.Sx Job control
+below for the format of
+.Ar job .
+.Pp
+.It Xo
+.Ic kill
+.Fl l
+.Op Ar exit-status ...
+.Xc
+Print the signal name corresponding to
+.Ar exit-status .
+If no arguments are specified, a list of all the signals, their numbers, and
+a short description of them are printed.
+.Pp
+.It Ic let Op Ar expression ...
+Each expression is evaluated (see
+.Sx Arithmetic expressions
+above).
+If all expressions are successfully evaluated, the exit status is 0 (1)
+if the last expression evaluated to non-zero (zero).
+If an error occurs during
+the parsing or evaluation of an expression, the exit status is greater than 1.
+Since expressions may need to be quoted,
+.No \&(( Ar expr No ))
+is syntactic sugar for
+.No "{ let '" Ns Ar expr Ns "'; }" .
+.Pp
+.It Ic let]
+Internally used alias for
+.Ic let .
+.Pp
+.It Xo
+.Ic mknod
+.Op Fl m Ar mode
+.Ar name
+.Cm b\*(Bac
+.Ar major minor
+.Xc
+.It Xo
+.Ic mknod
+.Op Fl m Ar mode
+.Ar name
+.Cm p
+.Xc
+Create a device special file.
+The file type may be
+.Cm b
+(block type device),
+.Cm c
+(character type device),
+or
+.Cm p
+.Pq named pipe , Tn FIFO .
+The file created may be modified according to its
+.Ar mode
+(via the
+.Fl m
+option),
+.Ar major
+(major device number),
+and
+.Ar minor
+(minor device number).
+This is not normally part of
+.Nm mksh ;
+however, distributors may have added this as builtin as a speed hack.
+.Pp
+.It Xo
+.Ic print
+.Oo Fl nprsu Ns Oo Ar n Oc \*(Ba
+.Fl R Op Fl en Oc
+.Op Ar argument ...
+.Xc
+.Ic print
+prints its arguments on the standard output, separated by spaces and
+terminated with a newline.
+The
+.Fl n
+option suppresses the newline.
+By default, certain C escapes are translated.
+These include these mentioned in
+.Sx Backslash expansion
+above, as well as
+.Ql \ec ,
+which is equivalent to using the
+.Fl n
+option.
+Backslash expansion may be inhibited with the
+.Fl r
+option.
+The
+.Fl s
+option prints to the history file instead of standard output; the
+.Fl u
+option prints to file descriptor
+.Ar n
+.Po
+.Ar n
+defaults to 1 if omitted
+.Pc ;
+and the
+.Fl p
+option prints to the co-process (see
+.Sx Co-processes
+above).
+.Pp
+The
+.Fl R
+option is used to emulate, to some degree, the
+.Bx
+.Xr echo 1
+command which does not process
+.Ql \e
+sequences unless the
+.Fl e
+option is given.
+As above, the
+.Fl n
+option suppresses the trailing newline.
+.Pp
+.It Ic printf Ar format Op Ar arguments ...
+Formatted output.
+Approximately the same as the
+.Xr printf 1 ,
+utility, except it uses the same
+.Sx Backslash expansion
+and I/O code and does not handle floating point as the rest of
+.Nm mksh .
+An external utility is preferred over the builtin.
+This is not normally part of
+.Nm mksh ;
+however, distributors may have added this as builtin as a speed hack.
+Do not use in new code.
+.Pp
+.It Ic pwd Op Fl LP
+Print the present working directory.
+If the
+.Fl L
+option is used or if the
+.Ic physical
+option isn't set (see the
+.Ic set
+command below), the logical path is printed (i.e. the path used to
+.Ic cd
+to the current directory).
+If the
+.Fl P
+option (physical path) is used or if the
+.Ic physical
+option is set, the path determined from the filesystem (by following
+.Sq ..
+directories to the root directory) is printed.
+.Pp
+.It Xo
+.Ic read
+.Op Fl A \*(Ba Fl a
+.Op Fl d Ar x
+.Oo Fl N Ar z \*(Ba
+.Fl n Ar z Oc
+.Oo Fl p \*(Ba
+.Fl u Ns Op Ar n
+.Oc Op Fl t Ar n
+.Op Fl rs
+.Op Ar p ...
+.Xc
+Reads a line of input, separates the input into fields using the
+.Ev IFS
+parameter (see
+.Sx Substitution
+above), and assigns each field to the specified parameters
+.Ar p .
+If no parameters are specified, the
+.Ev REPLY
+parameter is used to store the result.
+With the
+.Fl A
+and
+.Fl a
+options, only no or one parameter is accepted.
+If there are more parameters than fields, the extra parameters are set to
+the empty string or 0; if there are more fields than parameters, the last
+parameter is assigned the remaining fields (including the word separators).
+.Pp
+The options are as follows:
+.Bl -tag -width XuXnX
+.It Fl A
+Store the result into the parameter
+.Ar p
+(or
+.Ev REPLY )
+as array of words.
+.It Fl a
+Store the result without word splitting into the parameter
+.Ar p
+(or
+.Ev REPLY )
+as array of characters (wide characters if the
+.Ic utf8\-mode
+option is enacted, octets otherwise); the codepoints are
+encoded as decimal numbers by default.
+.It Fl d Ar x
+Use the first byte of
+.Ar x ,
+.Dv NUL
+if empty, instead of the ASCII newline character as input line delimiter.
+.It Fl N Ar z
+Instead of reading till end-of-line, read exactly
+.Ar z
+bytes.
+If EOF or a timeout occurs, a partial read is returned with exit status 1.
+.It Fl n Ar z
+Instead of reading till end-of-line, read up to
+.Ar z
+bytes but return as soon as any bytes are read, e.g.\& from a
+slow terminal device, or if EOF or a timeout occurs.
+.It Fl p
+Read from the currently active co-process, see
+.Sx Co-processes
+above for details on this.
+.It Fl u Ns Op Ar n
+Read from the file descriptor
+.Ar n
+(defaults to 0, i.e.\& standard input).
+The argument must immediately follow the option character.
+.It Fl t Ar n
+Interrupt reading after
+.Ar n
+seconds (specified as positive decimal value with an optional fractional part).
+The exit status of
+.Nm read
+is 1 if the timeout occurred, but partial reads may still be returned.
+.It Fl r
+Normally, the ASCII backslash character escapes the special
+meaning of the following character and is stripped from the input;
+.Ic read
+does not stop when encountering a backslash-newline sequence and
+does not store that newline in the result.
+This option enables raw mode, in which backslashes are not processed.
+.It Fl s
+The input line is saved to the history.
+.El
+.Pp
+If the input is a terminal, both the
+.Fl N
+and
+.Fl n
+options set it into raw mode;
+they read an entire file if \-1 is passed as
+.Ar z
+argument.
+.Pp
+The first parameter may have a question mark and a string appended to it, in
+which case the string is used as a prompt (printed to standard error before
+any input is read) if the input is a
+.Xr tty 4
+(e.g.\&
+.Ic read nfoo?\*(aqnumber of foos: \*(aq ) .
+.Pp
+If no input is read or a timeout occurred,
+.Ic read
+exits with a non-zero status.
+.Pp
+Another handy set of tricks:
+If
+.Ic read
+is run in a loop such as
+.Ic while read foo; do ...; done
+then leading whitespace will be removed (IFS) and backslashes processed.
+You might want to use
+.Ic while IFS= read \-r foo; do ...; done
+for pristine I/O.
+Similarily, when using the
+.Fl a
+option, use of the
+.Fl r
+option might be prudent; the same applies for:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+find . \-type f \-print0 \*(Ba& \e
+    while IFS= read \-d \*(aq\*(aq \-pr filename; do
+       print \-r \-\- "found \*(Lt${filename#./}\*(Gt"
+done
+.Ed
+.Pp
+The inner loop will be executed in a subshell and variable changes
+cannot be propagated if executed in a pipeline:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+bar \*(Ba baz \*(Ba while read foo; do ...; done
+.Ed
+.Pp
+Use co-processes instead:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+bar \*(Ba baz \*(Ba&
+while read \-p foo; do ...; done
+exec 3\*(Gt&p; exec 3\*(Gt&\-
+.Ed
+.Pp
+.It Xo
+.Ic readonly
+.Op Fl p
+.Oo Ar parameter
+.Op Ns = Ns Ar value
+.Ar ... Oc
+.Xc
+Sets the read-only attribute of the named parameters.
+If values are given,
+parameters are set to them before setting the attribute.
+Once a parameter is
+made read-only, it cannot be unset and its value cannot be changed.
+.Pp
+If no parameters are specified, the names of all parameters with the read-only
+attribute are printed one per line, unless the
+.Fl p
+option is used, in which case
+.Ic readonly
+commands defining all read-only parameters, including their values, are
+printed.
+.Pp
+.It Xo
+.Ic realpath
+.Op Fl \-
+.Ar name
+.Xc
+Prints the resolved absolute pathname corresponding to
+.Ar name .
+If
+.Ar name
+ends with a slash
+.Pq Sq / ,
+it's also checked for existence and whether it is a directory; otherwise,
+.Ic realpath
+returns 0 if the pathname either exists or can be created immediately,
+i.e. all but the last component exist and are directories.
+.Pp
+.It Xo
+.Ic rename
+.Op Fl \-
+.Ar from to
+.Xc
+Renames the file
+.Ar from
+to
+.Ar to .
+Both must be complete pathnames and on the same device.
+This builtin is intended for emergency situations where
+.Pa /bin/mv
+becomes unusable, and directly calls
+.Xr rename 2 .
+.Pp
+.It Ic return Op Ar status
+Returns from a function or
+.Ic \&.
+script, with exit status
+.Ar status .
+If no
+.Ar status
+is given, the exit status of the last executed command is used.
+If used outside of a function or
+.Ic \&.
+script, it has the same effect as
+.Ic exit .
+Note that
+.Nm
+treats both profile and
+.Ev ENV
+files as
+.Ic \&.
+scripts, while the original Korn shell only treats profiles as
+.Ic \&.
+scripts.
+.Pp
+.It Xo
+.Ic set Op Ic +\-abCefhiklmnprsUuvXx
+.Op Ic +\-o Ar option
+.Op Ic +\-A Ar name
+.Op Fl \-
+.Op Ar arg ...
+.Xc
+The
+.Ic set
+command can be used to set
+.Pq Ic \-
+or clear
+.Pq Ic +
+shell options, set the positional parameters, or set an array parameter.
+Options can be changed using the
+.Cm +\-o Ar option
+syntax, where
+.Ar option
+is the long name of an option, or using the
+.Cm +\- Ns Ar letter
+syntax, where
+.Ar letter
+is the option's single letter name (not all options have a single letter name).
+The following table lists both option letters (if they exist) and long names
+along with a description of what the option does:
+.Bl -tag -width 3n
+.It Fl A Ar name
+Sets the elements of the array parameter
+.Ar name
+to
+.Ar arg ...
+If
+.Fl A
+is used, the array is reset (i.e. emptied) first; if
+.Ic +A
+is used, the first N elements are set (where N is the number of arguments);
+the rest are left untouched.
+.Pp
+An alternative syntax for the command
+.Ic set \-A foo \-\- a b c
+which is compatible to
+.Tn GNU
+.Nm bash
+and also supported by
+.At
+.Nm ksh93
+is:
+.Ic foo=(a b c); foo+=(d e)
+.It Fl a \*(Ba Fl o Ic allexport
+All new parameters are created with the export attribute.
+.It Fl b \*(Ba Fl o Ic notify
+Print job notification messages asynchronously, instead of just before the
+prompt.
+Only used if job control is enabled
+.Pq Fl m .
+.It Fl C \*(Ba Fl o Ic noclobber
+Prevent \*(Gt redirection from overwriting existing files.
+Instead, \*(Gt\*(Ba must be used to force an overwrite.
+Note that this is not safe to use for creation of temporary files or
+lockfiles due to a TOCTOU in a check allowing one to redirect output to
+.Pa /dev/null
+or other device files even in
+.Ic noclobber
+mode.
+.It Fl e \*(Ba Fl o Ic errexit
+Exit (after executing the
+.Dv ERR
+trap) as soon as an error occurs or a command fails (i.e. exits with a
+non-zero status).
+This does not apply to commands whose exit status is
+explicitly tested by a shell construct such as
+.Ic if ,
+.Ic until ,
+.Ic while ,
+or
+.Ic \&!
+statements.
+For
+.Ic &&
+or
+.Ic \*(Ba\*(Ba ,
+only the status of the last command is tested.
+.It Fl f \*(Ba Fl o Ic noglob
+Do not expand file name patterns.
+.It Fl h \*(Ba Fl o Ic trackall
+Create tracked aliases for all executed commands (see
+.Sx Aliases
+above).
+Enabled by default for non-interactive shells.
+.It Fl i \*(Ba Fl o Ic interactive
+The shell is an interactive shell.
+This option can only be used when the shell is invoked.
+See above for a description of what this means.
+.It Fl k \*(Ba Fl o Ic keyword
+Parameter assignments are recognised anywhere in a command.
+.It Fl l \*(Ba Fl o Ic login
+The shell is a login shell.
+This option can only be used when the shell is invoked.
+See above for a description of what this means.
+.It Fl m \*(Ba Fl o Ic monitor
+Enable job control (default for interactive shells).
+.It Fl n \*(Ba Fl o Ic noexec
+Do not execute any commands.
+Useful for checking the syntax of scripts
+(ignored if interactive).
+.It Fl p \*(Ba Fl o Ic privileged
+The shell is a privileged shell.
+It is set automatically if, when the shell starts,
+the real UID or GID does not match
+the effective UID (EUID) or GID (EGID), respectively.
+See above for a description of what this means.
+.It Fl r \*(Ba Fl o Ic restricted
+The shell is a restricted shell.
+This option can only be used when the shell is invoked.
+See above for a description of what this means.
+.It Fl s \*(Ba Fl o Ic stdin
+If used when the shell is invoked, commands are read from standard input.
+Set automatically if the shell is invoked with no arguments.
+.Pp
+When
+.Fl s
+is used with the
+.Ic set
+command it causes the specified arguments to be sorted before assigning them to
+the positional parameters (or to array
+.Ar name ,
+if
+.Fl A
+is used).
+.It Fl U \*(Ba Fl o Ic utf8\-mode
+Enable UTF-8 support in the
+.Sx Emacs editing mode
+and internal string handling functions.
+This flag is disabled by default, but can be enabled by setting it on the
+shell command line; is enabled automatically for interactive shells if
+requested at compile time, your system supports
+.Fn setlocale LC_CTYPE \&""
+and optionally
+.Fn nl_langinfo CODESET ,
+or the
+.Ev LC_ALL ,
+.Ev LC_CTYPE ,
+or
+.Ev LANG
+environment variables,
+and at least one of these returns something that matches
+.Dq UTF\-8
+or
+.Dq utf8
+case-insensitively; for direct builtin calls depending on the
+aforementioned environment variables; or for stdin or scripts,
+if the input begins with a UTF-8 Byte Order Mark.
+.Pp
+In near future, locale tracking will be implemented, which means that
+.Ic set Fl +U
+is changed whenever one of the
+.Tn POSIX
+locale-related environment variables changes.
+.It Fl u \*(Ba Fl o Ic nounset
+Referencing of an unset parameter, other than
+.Dq $@
+or
+.Dq $* ,
+is treated as an error, unless one of the
+.Ql \- ,
+.Ql + ,
+or
+.Ql =
+modifiers is used.
+.It Fl v \*(Ba Fl o Ic verbose
+Write shell input to standard error as it is read.
+.It Fl X \*(Ba Fl o Ic markdirs
+Mark directories with a trailing
+.Ql /
+during file name generation.
+.It Fl x \*(Ba Fl o Ic xtrace
+Print command trees when they are executed, preceded by
+the value of
+.Ev PS4 .
+.It Fl o Ic bgnice
+Background jobs are run with lower priority.
+.It Fl o Ic braceexpand
+Enable brace expansion (a.k.a. alternation).
+This is enabled by default.
+If disabled, tilde expansion after an equals sign is disabled as a side effect.
+.It Fl o Ic emacs
+Enable BRL emacs-like command-line editing (interactive shells only); see
+.Sx Emacs editing mode .
+.It Fl o Ic gmacs
+Enable gmacs-like command-line editing (interactive shells only).
+Currently identical to emacs editing except that transpose\-chars (\*(haT) acts
+slightly differently.
+.It Fl o Ic ignoreeof
+The shell will not (easily) exit when end-of-file is read;
+.Ic exit
+must be used.
+To avoid infinite loops, the shell will exit if
+.Dv EOF
+is read 13 times in a row.
+.It Fl o Ic inherit\-xtrace
+Do not reset
+.Fl o Ic xtrace
+upon entering functions.
+This is enabled by default.
+.It Fl o Ic nohup
+Do not kill running jobs with a
+.Dv SIGHUP
+signal when a login shell exits.
+Currently set by default, but this may
+change in the future to be compatible with
+.At
+.Nm ksh ,
+which
+doesn't have this option, but does send the
+.Dv SIGHUP
+signal.
+.It Fl o Ic nolog
+No effect.
+In the original Korn shell, this prevents function definitions from
+being stored in the history file.
+.It Fl o Ic physical
+Causes the
+.Ic cd
+and
+.Ic pwd
+commands to use
+.Dq physical
+(i.e. the filesystem's)
+.Sq ..
+directories instead of
+.Dq logical
+directories (i.e. the shell handles
+.Sq .. ,
+which allows the user to be oblivious of symbolic links to directories).
+Clear by default.
+Note that setting this option does not affect the current value of the
+.Ev PWD
+parameter; only the
+.Ic cd
+command changes
+.Ev PWD .
+See the
+.Ic cd
+and
+.Ic pwd
+commands above for more details.
+.It Fl o Ic pipefail
+Make the exit status of a pipeline (before logically complementing) the
+rightmost non-zero errorlevel, or zero if all commands exited with zero.
+.It Fl o Ic posix
+Behave closer to the standards
+(see
+.Sx POSIX mode
+for details).
+Automatically enabled if the basename of the shell invocation begins with
+.Dq sh
+and this autodetection feature is compiled in
+.Pq not in MirBSD .
+As a side effect, setting this flag turns off
+.Ic braceexpand
+mode, which can be turned back on manually, and
+.Ic sh
+mode (unless both are enabled at the same time).
+.It Fl o Ic sh
+Enable
+.Pa /bin/sh
+.Pq kludge
+mode (see
+.Sx SH mode ) .
+Automatically enabled if the basename of the shell invocation begins with
+.Dq sh
+and this autodetection feature is compiled in
+.Pq not in MirBSD .
+As a side effect, setting this flag turns off
+.Ic braceexpand
+mode, which can be turned back on manually, and
+.Ic posix
+mode (unless both are enabled at the same time).
+.It Fl o Ic vi
+Enable
+.Xr vi 1 Ns -like
+command-line editing (interactive shells only).
+See
+.Sx Vi editing mode
+for documentation and limitations.
+.It Fl o Ic vi\-esccomplete
+In vi command-line editing, do command and file name completion when escape
+(\*(ha[) is entered in command mode.
+.It Fl o Ic vi\-tabcomplete
+In vi command-line editing, do command and file name completion when tab (\*(haI)
+is entered in insert mode.
+This is the default.
+.It Fl o Ic viraw
+No effect.
+In the original Korn shell, unless
+.Ic viraw
+was set, the vi command-line mode would let the
+.Xr tty 4
+driver do the work until ESC (\*(ha[) was entered.
+.Nm
+is always in viraw mode.
+.El
+.Pp
+These options can also be used upon invocation of the shell.
+The current set of
+options (with single letter names) can be found in the parameter
+.Sq $\- .
+.Ic set Fl o
+with no option name will list all the options and whether each is on or off;
+.Ic set +o
+will print the long names of all options that are currently on.
+In a future version,
+.Ic set +o
+will behave
+.Tn POSIX
+compliant and print commands to restore the current options instead.
+.Pp
+Remaining arguments, if any, are positional parameters and are assigned, in
+order, to the positional parameters (i.e. $1, $2, etc.).
+If options end with
+.Ql \-\-
+and there are no remaining arguments, all positional parameters are cleared.
+If no options or arguments are given, the values of all names are printed.
+For unknown historical reasons, a lone
+.Ql \-
+option is treated specially \*(en it clears both the
+.Fl v
+and
+.Fl x
+options.
+.Pp
+.It Ic shift Op Ar number
+The positional parameters
+.Ar number Ns +1 ,
+.Ar number Ns +2 ,
+etc. are renamed to
+.Sq 1 ,
+.Sq 2 ,
+etc.
+.Ar number
+defaults to 1.
+.Pp
+.It Ic sleep Ar seconds
+Suspends execution for a minimum of the
+.Ar seconds
+specified as positive decimal value with an optional fractional part.
+Signal delivery may continue execution earlier.
+.Pp
+.It Ic source Ar file Op Ar arg ...
+Like
+.Ic \&. Po Do dot Dc Pc ,
+except that the current working directory is appended to the
+search path (GNU
+.Nm bash
+extension).
+.Pp
+.It Ic suspend
+Stops the shell as if it had received the suspend character from
+the terminal.
+It is not possible to suspend a login shell unless the parent process
+is a member of the same terminal session but is a member of a different
+process group.
+As a general rule, if the shell was started by another shell or via
+.Xr su 1 ,
+it can be suspended.
+.Pp
+.It Ic test Ar expression
+.It Ic \&[ Ar expression Ic \&]
+.Ic test
+evaluates the
+.Ar expression
+and returns zero status if true, 1 if false, or greater than 1 if there
+was an error.
+It is normally used as the condition command of
+.Ic if
+and
+.Ic while
+statements.
+Symbolic links are followed for all
+.Ar file
+expressions except
+.Fl h
+and
+.Fl L .
+.Pp
+The following basic expressions are available:
+.Bl -tag -width 17n
+.It Fl a Ar file
+.Ar file
+exists.
+.It Fl b Ar file
+.Ar file
+is a block special device.
+.It Fl c Ar file
+.Ar file
+is a character special device.
+.It Fl d Ar file
+.Ar file
+is a directory.
+.It Fl e Ar file
+.Ar file
+exists.
+.It Fl f Ar file
+.Ar file
+is a regular file.
+.It Fl G Ar file
+.Ar file Ns 's
+group is the shell's effective group ID.
+.It Fl g Ar file
+.Ar file Ns 's
+mode has the setgid bit set.
+.It Fl H Ar file
+.Ar file
+is a context dependent directory (only useful on HP-UX).
+.It Fl h Ar file
+.Ar file
+is a symbolic link.
+.It Fl k Ar file
+.Ar file Ns 's
+mode has the
+.Xr sticky 8
+bit set.
+.It Fl L Ar file
+.Ar file
+is a symbolic link.
+.It Fl O Ar file
+.Ar file Ns 's
+owner is the shell's effective user ID.
+.It Fl o Ar option
+Shell
+.Ar option
+is set (see the
+.Ic set
+command above for a list of options).
+As a non-standard extension, if the option starts with a
+.Ql \&! ,
+the test is negated; the test always fails if
+.Ar option
+doesn't exist (so [ \-o foo \-o \-o !foo ] returns true if and only if option
+.Ar foo
+exists).
+The same can be achieved with [ \-o ?foo ] like in
+.At
+.Nm ksh93 .
+.Ar option
+can also be the short flag led by either
+.Ql \-
+or
+.Ql +
+.Pq no logical negation ,
+for example
+.Ql \-x
+or
+.Ql +x
+instead of
+.Ql xtrace .
+.It Fl p Ar file
+.Ar file
+is a named pipe
+.Pq Tn FIFO .
+.It Fl r Ar file
+.Ar file
+exists and is readable.
+.It Fl S Ar file
+.Ar file
+is a
+.Xr unix 4 Ns -domain
+socket.
+.It Fl s Ar file
+.Ar file
+is not empty.
+.It Fl t Ar fd
+File descriptor
+.Ar fd
+is a
+.Xr tty 4
+device.
+.It Fl u Ar file
+.Ar file Ns 's
+mode has the setuid bit set.
+.It Fl w Ar file
+.Ar file
+exists and is writable.
+.It Fl x Ar file
+.Ar file
+exists and is executable.
+.It Ar file1 Fl nt Ar file2
+.Ar file1
+is newer than
+.Ar file2
+or
+.Ar file1
+exists and
+.Ar file2
+does not.
+.It Ar file1 Fl ot Ar file2
+.Ar file1
+is older than
+.Ar file2
+or
+.Ar file2
+exists and
+.Ar file1
+does not.
+.It Ar file1 Fl ef Ar file2
+.Ar file1
+is the same file as
+.Ar file2 .
+.It Ar string
+.Ar string
+has non-zero length.
+.It Fl n Ar string
+.Ar string
+is not empty.
+.It Fl z Ar string
+.Ar string
+is empty.
+.It Ar string No = Ar string
+Strings are equal.
+.It Ar string No == Ar string
+Strings are equal.
+.It Ar string No \*(Gt Ar string
+First string operand is greater than second string operand.
+.It Ar string No \*(Lt Ar string
+First string operand is less than second string operand.
+.It Ar string No != Ar string
+Strings are not equal.
+.It Ar number Fl eq Ar number
+Numbers compare equal.
+.It Ar number Fl ne Ar number
+Numbers compare not equal.
+.It Ar number Fl ge Ar number
+Numbers compare greater than or equal.
+.It Ar number Fl gt Ar number
+Numbers compare greater than.
+.It Ar number Fl le Ar number
+Numbers compare less than or equal.
+.It Ar number Fl \&lt Ar number
+Numbers compare less than.
+.El
+.Pp
+The above basic expressions, in which unary operators have precedence over
+binary operators, may be combined with the following operators (listed in
+increasing order of precedence):
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+expr \-o expr          Logical OR.
+expr \-a expr          Logical AND.
+! expr                 Logical NOT.
+( expr )               Grouping.
+.Ed
+.Pp
+Note that a number actually may be an arithmetic expression, such as
+a mathematical term or the name of an integer variable:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+x=1; [ "x" \-eq 1 ]    evaluates to true
+.Ed
+.Pp
+Note that some special rules are applied (courtesy of
+.Px
+) if the number of arguments to
+.Ic test
+or inside the brackets
+.Ic \&[ ... \&]
+is less than five: if leading
+.Ql \&!
+arguments can be stripped such that only one to three arguments remain,
+then the lowered comparison is executed; (thanks to XSI) parentheses
+.Ic \e( ... \e)
+lower four- and three-argument forms to two- and one-argument forms,
+respectively; three-argument forms ultimately prefer binary operations,
+followed by negation and parenthesis lowering; two- and four-argument forms
+prefer negation followed by parenthesis; the one-argument form always implies
+.Fl n .
+.Pp
+.Sy Note :
+A common mistake is to use
+.Dq if \&[ $foo = bar \&]
+which fails if parameter
+.Dq foo
+is
+.Dv NULL
+or unset, if it has embedded spaces (i.e.\&
+.Ev IFS
+octets), or if it is a unary operator like
+.Sq \&!
+or
+.Sq Fl n .
+Use tests like
+.Dq if \&[ x\&"$foo\&" = x"bar" \&]
+instead, or the double-bracket operator
+.Dq if \&[[ $foo = bar \&]]
+or, to avoid pattern matching (see
+.Ic \&[[
+above):
+.Dq if \&[[ $foo = \&"$bar" \&]]
+.Pp
+The
+.Ic \&[[ ... ]]
+construct is not only more secure to use but also often faster.
+.Pp
+.It Xo
+.Ic time
+.Op Fl p
+.Op Ar pipeline
+.Xc
+If a
+.Ar pipeline
+is given, the times used to execute the pipeline are reported.
+If no pipeline
+is given, then the user and system time used by the shell itself, and all the
+commands it has run since it was started, are reported.
+The times reported are the real time (elapsed time from start to finish),
+the user CPU time (time spent running in user mode), and the system CPU time
+(time spent running in kernel mode).
+Times are reported to standard error; the format of the output is:
+.Pp
+.Dl "0m0.00s real     0m0.00s user     0m0.00s system"
+.Pp
+If the
+.Fl p
+option is given the output is slightly longer:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+real     0.00
+user     0.00
+sys      0.00
+.Ed
+.Pp
+It is an error to specify the
+.Fl p
+option unless
+.Ar pipeline
+is a simple command.
+.Pp
+Simple redirections of standard error do not affect the output of the
+.Ic time
+command:
+.Pp
+.Dl $ time sleep 1 2\*(Gtafile
+.Dl $ { time sleep 1; } 2\*(Gtafile
+.Pp
+Times for the first command do not go to
+.Dq afile ,
+but those of the second command do.
+.Pp
+.It Ic times
+Print the accumulated user and system times used both by the shell
+and by processes that the shell started which have exited.
+The format of the output is:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+0m0.00s 0m0.00s
+0m0.00s 0m0.00s
+.Ed
+.Pp
+.It Ic trap Ar n Op Ar signal ...
+If the first operand is a decimal unsigned integer, this resets all
+specified signals to the default action, i.e. is the same as calling
+.Ic trap
+with a minus sign
+.Pq Sq \-
+as
+.Ar handler ,
+followed by the arguments
+.Pq Ar n Op Ar signal ... ,
+all of which are treated as signals.
+.Pp
+.It Ic trap Op Ar handler signal ...
+Sets a trap handler that is to be executed when any of the specified
+.Ar signal Ns s
+are received.
+.Ar handler
+is either an empty string, indicating the signals are to be ignored,
+a minus sign
+.Pq Sq \- ,
+indicating that the default action is to be taken for the signals
+.Pq see Xr signal 3 ,
+or a string containing shell commands to be executed at the first opportunity
+(i.e. when the current command completes, or before printing the next
+.Ev PS1
+prompt) after receipt of one of the signals.
+.Ar signal
+is the name of a signal
+.Pq e.g.\& Dv PIPE or Dv ALRM
+or the number of the signal (see the
+.Ic kill Fl l
+command above).
+.Pp
+There are two special signals:
+.Dv EXIT
+.Pq also known as 0 ,
+which is executed when the shell is about to exit, and
+.Dv ERR ,
+which is executed after an error occurs; an error is something
+that would cause the shell to exit if the
+.Ic set Fl e
+or
+.Ic set Fl o Ic errexit
+option were set.
+.Dv EXIT
+handlers are executed in the environment of the last executed command.
+.Pp
+Note that, for non-interactive shells, the trap handler cannot be changed
+for signals that were ignored when the shell started.
+.Pp
+With no arguments, the current state of the traps that have been set since
+the shell started is shown as a series of
+.Ic trap
+commands.
+Note that the output of
+.Ic trap
+cannot be usefully piped to another process (an artifact of the fact that
+traps are cleared when subprocesses are created).
+.Pp
+The original Korn shell's
+.Dv DEBUG
+trap and the handling of
+.Dv ERR
+and
+.Dv EXIT
+traps in functions are not yet implemented.
+.Pp
+.It Ic true
+A command that exits with a zero value.
+.Pp
+.It Xo
+.Ic global
+.Oo Op Ic +\-alpnrtUux
+.Op Fl L Ns Op Ar n
+.Op Fl R Ns Op Ar n
+.Op Fl Z Ns Op Ar n
+.Op Fl i Ns Op Ar n
+.No \*(Ba Fl f Op Fl tux Oc
+.Oo Ar name
+.Op Ns = Ns Ar value
+.Ar ... Oc
+.Xc
+.It Xo
+.Ic typeset
+.Oo Op Ic +\-alpnrtUux
+.Op Fl LRZ Ns Op Ar n
+.Op Fl i Ns Op Ar n
+.No \*(Ba Fl f Op Fl tux Oc
+.Oo Ar name
+.Op Ns = Ns Ar value
+.Ar ... Oc
+.Xc
+Display or set parameter attributes.
+With no
+.Ar name
+arguments, parameter attributes are displayed; if no options are used, the
+current attributes of all parameters are printed as
+.Ic typeset
+commands; if an option is given (or
+.Ql \-
+with no option letter), all parameters and their values with the specified
+attributes are printed; if options are introduced with
+.Ql + ,
+parameter values are not printed.
+.Pp
+If
+.Ar name
+arguments are given, the attributes of the named parameters are set
+.Pq Ic \-
+or cleared
+.Pq Ic + .
+Values for parameters may optionally be specified.
+For
+.Ar name Ns \&[*] ,
+the change affects the entire array, and no value may be specified.
+.Pp
+If
+.Ic typeset
+is used inside a function, any parameters specified are localised.
+This is not done by the otherwise identical
+.Ic global .
+.Em Note :
+This means that
+.Nm No 's Ic global
+command is
+.Em not
+equivalent to other programming languages' as it does not allow a
+function called from another function to access a parameter at truly
+global scope, but only prevents putting an accessed one into local scope.
+.Pp
+When
+.Fl f
+is used,
+.Ic typeset
+operates on the attributes of functions.
+As with parameters, if no
+.Ar name
+arguments are given,
+functions are listed with their values (i.e. definitions) unless
+options are introduced with
+.Ql + ,
+in which case only the function names are reported.
+.Bl -tag -width Ds
+.It Fl a
+Indexed array attribute.
+.It Fl f
+Function mode.
+Display or set functions and their attributes, instead of parameters.
+.It Fl i Ns Op Ar n
+Integer attribute.
+.Ar n
+specifies the base to use when displaying the integer (if not specified, the
+base given in the first assignment is used).
+Parameters with this attribute may
+be assigned values containing arithmetic expressions.
+.It Fl L Ns Op Ar n
+Left justify attribute.
+.Ar n
+specifies the field width.
+If
+.Ar n
+is not specified, the current width of a parameter (or the width of its first
+assigned value) is used.
+Leading whitespace (and zeros, if used with the
+.Fl Z
+option) is stripped.
+If necessary, values are either truncated or space padded
+to fit the field width.
+.It Fl l
+Lower case attribute.
+All upper case characters in values are converted to lower case.
+(In the original Korn shell, this parameter meant
+.Dq long integer
+when used with the
+.Fl i
+option.)
+.It Fl n
+Create a bound variable (name reference): any access to the variable
+.Ar name
+will access the variable
+.Ar value
+in the current scope (this is different from
+.At
+.Nm ksh93 ! )
+instead.
+Also different from
+.At
+.Nm ksh93
+is that
+.Ar value
+is lazily evaluated at the time
+.Ar name
+is accessed.
+This can be used by functions to access variables whose names are
+passed as parametres, instead of using
+.Ic eval .
+.It Fl p
+Print complete
+.Ic typeset
+commands that can be used to re-create the attributes and values of
+parameters.
+.It Fl R Ns Op Ar n
+Right justify attribute.
+.Ar n
+specifies the field width.
+If
+.Ar n
+is not specified, the current width of a parameter (or the width of its first
+assigned value) is used.
+Trailing whitespace is stripped.
+If necessary, values are either stripped of leading characters or space
+padded to make them fit the field width.
+.It Fl r
+Read-only attribute.
+Parameters with this attribute may not be assigned to or unset.
+Once this attribute is set, it cannot be turned off.
+.It Fl t
+Tag attribute.
+Has no meaning to the shell; provided for application use.
+.Pp
+For functions,
+.Fl t
+is the trace attribute.
+When functions with the trace attribute are executed, the
+.Ic xtrace
+.Pq Fl x
+shell option is temporarily turned on.
+.It Fl U
+Unsigned integer attribute.
+Integers are printed as unsigned values (combine with the
+.Fl i
+option).
+This option is not in the original Korn shell.
+.It Fl u
+Upper case attribute.
+All lower case characters in values are converted to upper case.
+(In the original Korn shell, this parameter meant
+.Dq unsigned integer
+when used with the
+.Fl i
+option which meant upper case letters would never be used for bases greater
+than 10.
+See the
+.Fl U
+option.)
+.Pp
+For functions,
+.Fl u
+is the undefined attribute.
+See
+.Sx Functions
+above for the implications of this.
+.It Fl x
+Export attribute.
+Parameters (or functions) are placed in the environment of
+any executed commands.
+Exported functions are not yet implemented.
+.It Fl Z Ns Op Ar n
+Zero fill attribute.
+If not combined with
+.Fl L ,
+this is the same as
+.Fl R ,
+except zero padding is used instead of space padding.
+For integers, the number instead of the base is padded.
+.El
+.Pp
+If any of the
+.\" long integer ,
+.Fl i ,
+.Fl L ,
+.Fl l ,
+.Fl R ,
+.Fl U ,
+.Fl u ,
+or
+.Fl Z
+options are changed, all others from this set are cleared,
+unless they are also given on the same command line.
+.Pp
+.It Xo
+.Ic ulimit
+.Op Fl aBCcdefHilMmnOPpqrSsTtVvw
+.Op Ar value
+.Xc
+Display or set process limits.
+If no options are used, the file size limit
+.Pq Fl f
+is assumed.
+.Ar value ,
+if specified, may be either an arithmetic expression or the word
+.Dq unlimited .
+The limits affect the shell and any processes created by the shell after a
+limit is imposed.
+Note that some systems may not allow limits to be increased
+once they are set.
+Also note that the types of limits available are system
+dependent \*(en some systems have only the
+.Fl f
+limit.
+.Bl -tag -width 5n
+.It Fl a
+Display all limits; unless
+.Fl H
+is used, soft limits are displayed.
+.It Fl B Ar n
+Set the socket buffer size to
+.Ar n
+kibibytes.
+.It Fl C Ar n
+Set the number of cached threads to
+.Ar n .
+.It Fl c Ar n
+Impose a size limit of
+.Ar n
+blocks on the size of core dumps.
+.It Fl d Ar n
+Impose a size limit of
+.Ar n
+kibibytes on the size of the data area.
+.It Fl e Ar n
+Set the maximum niceness to
+.Ar n .
+.It Fl f Ar n
+Impose a size limit of
+.Ar n
+blocks on files written by the shell and its child processes (files of any
+size may be read).
+.It Fl H
+Set the hard limit only (the default is to set both hard and soft limits).
+.It Fl i Ar n
+Set the number of pending signals to
+.Ar n .
+.It Fl l Ar n
+Impose a limit of
+.Ar n
+kibibytes on the amount of locked (wired) physical memory.
+.It Fl M Ar n
+Set the AIO locked memory to
+.Ar n
+kibibytes.
+.It Fl m Ar n
+Impose a limit of
+.Ar n
+kibibytes on the amount of physical memory used.
+.It Fl n Ar n
+Impose a limit of
+.Ar n
+file descriptors that can be open at once.
+.It Fl O Ar n
+Set the number of AIO operations to
+.Ar n .
+.It Fl P Ar n
+Limit the number of threads per process to
+.Ar n .
+.It Fl p Ar n
+Impose a limit of
+.Ar n
+processes that can be run by the user at any one time.
+.It Fl q Ar n
+Limit the size of
+.Tn POSIX
+message queues to
+.Ar n
+bytes.
+.It Fl r Ar n
+Set the maximum real-time priority to
+.Ar n .
+.It Fl S
+Set the soft limit only (the default is to set both hard and soft limits).
+.It Fl s Ar n
+Impose a size limit of
+.Ar n
+kibibytes on the size of the stack area.
+.It Fl T Ar n
+Impose a time limit of
+.Ar n
+real seconds to be used by each process.
+.It Fl t Ar n
+Impose a time limit of
+.Ar n
+CPU seconds spent in user mode to be used by each process.
+.It Fl V Ar n
+Set the number of vnode monitors on Haiku to
+.Ar n .
+.It Fl v Ar n
+Impose a limit of
+.Ar n
+kibibytes on the amount of virtual memory (address space) used.
+.It Fl w Ar n
+Impose a limit of
+.Ar n
+kibibytes on the amount of swap space used.
+.El
+.Pp
+As far as
+.Ic ulimit
+is concerned, a block is 512 bytes.
+.Pp
+.It Xo
+.Ic umask
+.Op Fl S
+.Op Ar mask
+.Xc
+Display or set the file permission creation mask, or umask (see
+.Xr umask 2 ) .
+If the
+.Fl S
+option is used, the mask displayed or set is symbolic; otherwise, it is an
+octal number.
+.Pp
+Symbolic masks are like those used by
+.Xr chmod 1 .
+When used, they describe what permissions may be made available (as opposed to
+octal masks in which a set bit means the corresponding bit is to be cleared).
+For example,
+.Dq ug=rwx,o=
+sets the mask so files will not be readable, writable, or executable by
+.Dq others ,
+and is equivalent (on most systems) to the octal mask
+.Dq 007 .
+.Pp
+.It Xo
+.Ic unalias
+.Op Fl adt
+.Op Ar name ...
+.Xc
+The aliases for the given names are removed.
+If the
+.Fl a
+option is used, all aliases are removed.
+If the
+.Fl t
+or
+.Fl d
+options are used, the indicated operations are carried out on tracked or
+directory aliases, respectively.
+.Pp
+.It Xo
+.Ic unset
+.Op Fl fv
+.Ar parameter ...
+.Xc
+Unset the named parameters
+.Po
+.Fl v ,
+the default
+.Pc
+or functions
+.Pq Fl f .
+With
+.Ar parameter Ns \&[*] ,
+attributes are kept, only values are unset.
+.Pp
+The exit status is non-zero if any of the parameters have the read-only
+attribute set, zero otherwise.
+.Pp
+.It Ic wait Op Ar job ...
+Wait for the specified job(s) to finish.
+The exit status of
+.Ic wait
+is that of the last specified job; if the last job is killed by a signal, the
+exit status is 128 + the number of the signal (see
+.Ic kill Fl l Ar exit-status
+above); if the last specified job can't be found (because it never existed, or
+had already finished), the exit status of
+.Ic wait
+is 127.
+See
+.Sx Job control
+below for the format of
+.Ar job .
+.Ic wait
+will return if a signal for which a trap has been set is received, or if a
+.Dv SIGHUP ,
+.Dv SIGINT ,
+or
+.Dv SIGQUIT
+signal is received.
+.Pp
+If no jobs are specified,
+.Ic wait
+waits for all currently running jobs (if any) to finish and exits with a zero
+status.
+If job monitoring is enabled, the completion status of jobs is printed
+(this is not the case when jobs are explicitly specified).
+.Pp
+.It Xo
+.Ic whence
+.Op Fl pv
+.Op Ar name ...
+.Xc
+Without the
+.Fl v
+option, it is the same as
+.Ic command Fl v ,
+except aliases are not printed as alias command.
+With the
+.Fl v
+option, it is exactly the same as
+.Ic command Fl V .
+In either case, the
+.Fl p
+option differs: the search path is not affected in
+.Ic whence ,
+but the search is restricted to the path.
+.El
+.Ss Job control
+Job control refers to the shell's ability to monitor and control jobs which
+are processes or groups of processes created for commands or pipelines.
+At a minimum, the shell keeps track of the status of the background (i.e.\&
+asynchronous) jobs that currently exist; this information can be displayed
+using the
+.Ic jobs
+commands.
+If job control is fully enabled (using
+.Ic set Fl m
+or
+.Ic set Fl o Ic monitor ) ,
+as it is for interactive shells, the processes of a job are placed in their
+own process group.
+Foreground jobs can be stopped by typing the suspend
+character from the terminal (normally \*(haZ), jobs can be restarted in either the
+foreground or background using the
+.Ic fg
+and
+.Ic bg
+commands, and the state of the terminal is saved or restored when a foreground
+job is stopped or restarted, respectively.
+.Pp
+Note that only commands that create processes (e.g. asynchronous commands,
+subshell commands, and non-built-in, non-function commands) can be stopped;
+commands like
+.Ic read
+cannot be.
+.Pp
+When a job is created, it is assigned a job number.
+For interactive shells, this number is printed inside
+.Dq \&[..] ,
+followed by the process IDs of the processes in the job when an asynchronous
+command is run.
+A job may be referred to in the
+.Ic bg ,
+.Ic fg ,
+.Ic jobs ,
+.Ic kill ,
+and
+.Ic wait
+commands either by the process ID of the last process in the command pipeline
+(as stored in the
+.Ic $!\&
+parameter) or by prefixing the job number with a percent
+sign
+.Pq Sq % .
+Other percent sequences can also be used to refer to jobs:
+.Bl -tag -width "%+ x %% x %XX"
+.It %+ \*(Ba %% \*(Ba %
+The most recently stopped job, or, if there are no stopped jobs, the oldest
+running job.
+.It %\-
+The job that would be the
+.Ic %+
+job if the latter did not exist.
+.It % Ns Ar n
+The job with job number
+.Ar n .
+.It %? Ns Ar string
+The job with its command containing the string
+.Ar string
+(an error occurs if multiple jobs are matched).
+.It % Ns Ar string
+The job with its command starting with the string
+.Ar string
+(an error occurs if multiple jobs are matched).
+.El
+.Pp
+When a job changes state (e.g. a background job finishes or foreground job is
+stopped), the shell prints the following status information:
+.Pp
+.D1 [ Ns Ar number ] Ar flag status command
+.Pp
+where...
+.Bl -tag -width "command"
+.It Ar number
+is the job number of the job;
+.It Ar flag
+is the
+.Ql +
+or
+.Ql \-
+character if the job is the
+.Ic %+
+or
+.Ic %\-
+job, respectively, or space if it is neither;
+.It Ar status
+indicates the current state of the job and can be:
+.Bl -tag -width "RunningXX"
+.It Done Op Ar number
+The job exited.
+.Ar number
+is the exit status of the job which is omitted if the status is zero.
+.It Running
+The job has neither stopped nor exited (note that running does not necessarily
+mean consuming CPU time \*(en
+the process could be blocked waiting for some event).
+.It Stopped Op Ar signal
+The job was stopped by the indicated
+.Ar signal
+(if no signal is given, the job was stopped by
+.Dv SIGTSTP ) .
+.It Ar signal-description Op Dq core dumped
+The job was killed by a signal (e.g. memory fault, hangup); use
+.Ic kill Fl l
+for a list of signal descriptions.
+The
+.Dq core dumped
+message indicates the process created a core file.
+.El
+.It Ar command
+is the command that created the process.
+If there are multiple processes in
+the job, each process will have a line showing its
+.Ar command
+and possibly its
+.Ar status ,
+if it is different from the status of the previous process.
+.El
+.Pp
+When an attempt is made to exit the shell while there are jobs in the stopped
+state, the shell warns the user that there are stopped jobs and does not exit.
+If another attempt is immediately made to exit the shell, the stopped jobs are
+sent a
+.Dv SIGHUP
+signal and the shell exits.
+Similarly, if the
+.Ic nohup
+option is not set and there are running jobs when an attempt is made to exit
+a login shell, the shell warns the user and does not exit.
+If another attempt
+is immediately made to exit the shell, the running jobs are sent a
+.Dv SIGHUP
+signal and the shell exits.
+.Ss POSIX mode
+Entering
+.Ic set Fl o Ic posix
+mode will cause
+.Nm
+to behave even more
+.Tn POSIX
+compliant in places where the defaults or opinions differ.
+Note that
+.Nm mksh
+will still operate with unsigned 32-bit arithmetics; use
+.Nm lksh
+if arithmetics on the host
+.Vt long
+data type, complete with ISO C Undefined Behaviour, are required;
+refer to the
+.Xr lksh 1
+manual page for details.
+Most other historic,
+.At
+.Nm ksh Ns -compatible ,
+or opinionated differences can be disabled by using this mode; these are:
+.Bl -bullet
+.It
+The GNU
+.Nm bash
+I/O redirection
+.Ic &\*(Gt Ns Ar file
+is no longer supported.
+.It
+File descriptors created by I/O redirections are inherited by
+child processes.
+.It
+Numbers with a leading digit zero are interpreted as octal.
+.It
+The
+.Nm echo
+builtin does not interpret backslashes and only supports the exact option
+.Dq Fl n .
+.It
+\&... (list is incomplete and may change for R53)
+.El
+.Ss SH mode
+Compatibility mode; intended for use with legacy scripts that
+cannot easily be fixed; the changes are as follows:
+.Bl -bullet
+.It
+The GNU
+.Nm bash
+I/O redirection
+.Ic &\*(Gt Ns Ar file
+is no longer supported.
+.It
+File descriptors created by I/O redirections are inherited by
+child processes.
+.It
+The
+.Nm echo
+builtin does not interpret backslashes and only supports the exact option
+.Dq Fl n .
+.It
+\&... (list is incomplete and may change for R53)
+.El
+.Ss Interactive input line editing
+The shell supports three modes of reading command lines from a
+.Xr tty 4
+in an interactive session, controlled by the
+.Ic emacs ,
+.Ic gmacs ,
+and
+.Ic vi
+options (at most one of these can be set at once).
+The default is
+.Ic emacs .
+Editing modes can be set explicitly using the
+.Ic set
+built-in.
+If none of these options are enabled,
+the shell simply reads lines using the normal
+.Xr tty 4
+driver.
+If the
+.Ic emacs
+or
+.Ic gmacs
+option is set, the shell allows emacs-like editing of the command; similarly,
+if the
+.Ic vi
+option is set, the shell allows vi-like editing of the command.
+These modes are described in detail in the following sections.
+.Pp
+In these editing modes, if a line is longer than the screen width (see the
+.Ev COLUMNS
+parameter),
+a
+.Ql \*(Gt ,
+.Ql + ,
+or
+.Ql \*(Lt
+character is displayed in the last column indicating that there are more
+characters after, before and after, or before the current position,
+respectively.
+The line is scrolled horizontally as necessary.
+.Pp
+Completed lines are pushed into the history, unless they begin with an
+IFS octet or IFS white space, or are the same as the previous line.
+.Ss Emacs editing mode
+When the
+.Ic emacs
+option is set, interactive input line editing is enabled.
+Warning: This mode is
+slightly different from the emacs mode in the original Korn shell.
+In this mode, various editing commands
+(typically bound to one or more control characters) cause immediate actions
+without waiting for a newline.
+Several editing commands are bound to particular
+control characters when the shell is invoked; these bindings can be changed
+using the
+.Ic bind
+command.
+.Pp
+The following is a list of available editing commands.
+Each description starts with the name of the command,
+suffixed with a colon;
+an
+.Op Ar n
+(if the command can be prefixed with a count); and any keys the command is
+bound to by default, written using caret notation
+e.g. the ASCII ESC character is written as \*(ha[.
+These control sequences are not case sensitive.
+A count prefix for a command is entered using the sequence
+.Pf \*(ha[ Ns Ar n ,
+where
+.Ar n
+is a sequence of 1 or more digits.
+Unless otherwise specified, if a count is
+omitted, it defaults to 1.
+.Pp
+Note that editing command names are used only with the
+.Ic bind
+command.
+Furthermore, many editing commands are useful only on terminals with
+a visible cursor.
+The default bindings were chosen to resemble corresponding
+Emacs key bindings.
+The user's
+.Xr tty 4
+characters (e.g.\&
+.Dv ERASE )
+are bound to
+reasonable substitutes and override the default bindings.
+.Bl -tag -width Ds
+.It abort: \*(haC, \*(haG
+Abort the current command, empty the line buffer and
+set the exit state to interrupted.
+.It auto\-insert: Op Ar n
+Simply causes the character to appear as literal input.
+Most ordinary characters are bound to this.
+.It Xo backward\-char:
+.Op Ar n
+.No \*(haB , \*(haXD , ANSI-CurLeft , PC-CurLeft
+.Xc
+Moves the cursor backward
+.Ar n
+characters.
+.It Xo backward\-word:
+.Op Ar n
+.No \*(ha[b , ANSI-Ctrl-CurLeft , ANSI-Alt-CurLeft
+.Xc
+Moves the cursor backward to the beginning of the word; words consist of
+alphanumerics, underscore
+.Pq Sq _ ,
+and dollar sign
+.Pq Sq $
+characters.
+.It beginning\-of\-history: \*(ha[\*(Lt
+Moves to the beginning of the history.
+.It beginning\-of\-line: \*(haA, ANSI-Home, PC-Home
+Moves the cursor to the beginning of the edited input line.
+.It Xo capitalise\-word:
+.Op Ar n
+.No \*(ha[C , \*(ha[c
+.Xc
+Uppercase the first character in the next
+.Ar n
+words, leaving the cursor past the end of the last word.
+.It clear\-screen: \*(ha[\*(haL
+Prints a compile-time configurable sequence to clear the screen and home
+the cursor, redraws the entire prompt and the currently edited input line.
+The default sequence works for almost all standard terminals.
+.It comment: \*(ha[#
+If the current line does not begin with a comment character, one is added at
+the beginning of the line and the line is entered (as if return had been
+pressed); otherwise, the existing comment characters are removed and the cursor
+is placed at the beginning of the line.
+.It complete: \*(ha[\*(ha[
+Automatically completes as much as is unique of the command name or the file
+name containing the cursor.
+If the entire remaining command or file name is
+unique, a space is printed after its completion, unless it is a directory name
+in which case
+.Ql /
+is appended.
+If there is no command or file name with the current partial word
+as its prefix, a bell character is output (usually causing a beep to be
+sounded).
+.It complete\-command: \*(haX\*(ha[
+Automatically completes as much as is unique of the command name having the
+partial word up to the cursor as its prefix, as in the
+.Ic complete
+command above.
+.It complete\-file: \*(ha[\*(haX
+Automatically completes as much as is unique of the file name having the
+partial word up to the cursor as its prefix, as in the
+.Ic complete
+command described above.
+.It complete\-list: \*(haI, \*(ha[=
+Complete as much as is possible of the current word,
+and list the possible completions for it.
+If only one completion is possible,
+match as in the
+.Ic complete
+command above.
+Note that \*(haI is usually generated by the TAB (tabulator) key.
+.It Xo delete\-char\-backward:
+.Op Ar n
+.No ERASE , \*(ha? , \*(haH
+.Xc
+Deletes
+.Ar n
+characters before the cursor.
+.It Xo delete\-char\-forward:
+.Op Ar n
+.No ANSI-Del , PC-Del
+.Xc
+Deletes
+.Ar n
+characters after the cursor.
+.It Xo delete\-word\-backward:
+.Op Ar n
+.No WERASE , \*(ha[\*(ha? , \*(ha[\*(haH , \*(ha[h
+.Xc
+Deletes
+.Ar n
+words before the cursor.
+.It Xo delete\-word\-forward:
+.Op Ar n
+.No \*(ha[d
+.Xc
+Deletes characters after the cursor up to the end of
+.Ar n
+words.
+.It Xo down\-history:
+.Op Ar n
+.No \*(haN , \*(haXB , ANSI-CurDown , PC-CurDown
+.Xc
+Scrolls the history buffer forward
+.Ar n
+lines (later).
+Each input line originally starts just after the last entry
+in the history buffer, so
+.Ic down\-history
+is not useful until either
+.Ic search\-history ,
+.Ic search\-history\-up
+or
+.Ic up\-history
+has been performed.
+.It Xo downcase\-word:
+.Op Ar n
+.No \*(ha[L , \*(ha[l
+.Xc
+Lowercases the next
+.Ar n
+words.
+.It Xo edit\-line:
+.Op Ar n
+.No \*(haXe
+.Xc
+Edit line
+.Ar n
+or the current line, if not specified, interactively.
+The actual command executed is
+.Ic fc \-e ${VISUAL:\-${EDITOR:\-vi}} Ar n .
+.It end\-of\-history: \*(ha[\*(Gt
+Moves to the end of the history.
+.It end\-of\-line: \*(haE, ANSI-End, PC-End
+Moves the cursor to the end of the input line.
+.It eot: \*(ha_
+Acts as an end-of-file; this is useful because edit-mode input disables
+normal terminal input canonicalization.
+.It Xo eot\-or\-delete:
+.Op Ar n
+.No \*(haD
+.Xc
+Acts as
+.Ic eot
+if alone on a line; otherwise acts as
+.Ic delete\-char\-forward .
+.It error: (not bound)
+Error (ring the bell).
+.It exchange\-point\-and\-mark: \*(haX\*(haX
+Places the cursor where the mark is and sets the mark to where the cursor was.
+.It expand\-file: \*(ha[*
+Appends a
+.Ql *
+to the current word and replaces the word with the result of performing file
+globbing on the word.
+If no files match the pattern, the bell is rung.
+.It Xo forward\-char:
+.Op Ar n
+.No \*(haF , \*(haXC , ANSI-CurRight , PC-CurRight
+.Xc
+Moves the cursor forward
+.Ar n
+characters.
+.It Xo forward\-word:
+.Op Ar n
+.No \*(ha[f , ANSI-Ctrl-CurRight , ANSI-Alt-CurRight
+.Xc
+Moves the cursor forward to the end of the
+.Ar n Ns th
+word.
+.It Xo goto\-history:
+.Op Ar n
+.No \*(ha[g
+.Xc
+Goes to history number
+.Ar n .
+.It kill\-line: KILL
+Deletes the entire input line.
+.It kill\-region: \*(haW
+Deletes the input between the cursor and the mark.
+.It Xo kill\-to\-eol:
+.Op Ar n
+.No \*(haK
+.Xc
+Deletes the input from the cursor to the end of the line if
+.Ar n
+is not specified; otherwise deletes characters between the cursor and column
+.Ar n .
+.It list: \*(ha[?
+Prints a sorted, columnated list of command names or file names (if any) that
+can complete the partial word containing the cursor.
+Directory names have
+.Ql /
+appended to them.
+.It list\-command: \*(haX?
+Prints a sorted, columnated list of command names (if any) that can complete
+the partial word containing the cursor.
+.It list\-file: \*(haX\*(haY
+Prints a sorted, columnated list of file names (if any) that can complete the
+partial word containing the cursor.
+File type indicators are appended as described under
+.Ic list
+above.
+.It newline: \*(haJ , \*(haM
+Causes the current input line to be processed by the shell.
+The current cursor position may be anywhere on the line.
+.It newline\-and\-next: \*(haO
+Causes the current input line to be processed by the shell, and the next line
+from history becomes the current line.
+This is only useful after an
+.Ic up\-history ,
+.Ic search\-history
+or
+.Ic search\-history\-up .
+.It no\-op: QUIT
+This does nothing.
+.It prefix\-1: \*(ha[
+Introduces a 2-character command sequence.
+.It prefix\-2: \*(haX , \*(ha[[ , \*(ha[O
+Introduces a 2-character command sequence.
+.It Xo prev\-hist\-word:
+.Op Ar n
+.No \*(ha[. , \*(ha[_
+.Xc
+The last word, or, if given, the
+.Ar n Ns th
+word (zero-based) of the previous (on repeated execution, second-last,
+third-last, etc.) command is inserted at the cursor.
+Use of this editing command trashes the mark.
+.It quote: \*(ha\*(ha , \*(haV
+The following character is taken literally rather than as an editing command.
+.It redraw: \*(haL
+Reprints the last line of the prompt string and the current input line
+on a new line.
+.It Xo search\-character\-backward:
+.Op Ar n
+.No \*(ha[\*(ha]
+.Xc
+Search backward in the current line for the
+.Ar n Ns th
+occurrence of the next character typed.
+.It Xo search\-character\-forward:
+.Op Ar n
+.No \*(ha]
+.Xc
+Search forward in the current line for the
+.Ar n Ns th
+occurrence of the next character typed.
+.It search\-history: \*(haR
+Enter incremental search mode.
+The internal history list is searched
+backwards for commands matching the input.
+An initial
+.Ql \*(ha
+in the search string anchors the search.
+The escape key will leave search mode.
+Other commands, including sequences of escape as
+.Ic prefix\-1
+followed by a
+.Ic prefix\-1
+or
+.Ic prefix\-2
+key will be executed after leaving search mode.
+The
+.Ic abort Pq \*(haG
+command will restore the input line before search started.
+Successive
+.Ic search\-history
+commands continue searching backward to the next previous occurrence of the
+pattern.
+The history buffer retains only a finite number of lines; the oldest
+are discarded as necessary.
+.It search\-history\-up: ANSI-PgUp, PC-PgUp
+Search backwards through the history buffer for commands whose beginning match
+the portion of the input line before the cursor.
+When used on an empty line, this has the same effect as
+.Ic up\-history .
+.It search\-history\-down: ANSI-PgDn, PC-PgDn
+Search forwards through the history buffer for commands whose beginning match
+the portion of the input line before the cursor.
+When used on an empty line, this has the same effect as
+.Ic down\-history .
+This is only useful after an
+.Ic up\-history ,
+.Ic search\-history
+or
+.Ic search\-history\-up .
+.It set\-mark\-command: \*(ha[ Ns Aq space
+Set the mark at the cursor position.
+.It transpose\-chars: \*(haT
+If at the end of line, or if the
+.Ic gmacs
+option is set, this exchanges the two previous characters; otherwise, it
+exchanges the previous and current characters and moves the cursor one
+character to the right.
+.It Xo up\-history:
+.Op Ar n
+.No \*(haP , \*(haXA , ANSI-CurUp , PC-CurUp
+.Xc
+Scrolls the history buffer backward
+.Ar n
+lines (earlier).
+.It Xo upcase\-word:
+.Op Ar n
+.No \*(ha[U , \*(ha[u
+.Xc
+Uppercase the next
+.Ar n
+words.
+.It version: \*(ha[\*(haV
+Display the version of
+.Nm mksh .
+The current edit buffer is restored as soon as a key is pressed.
+The restoring keypress is processed, unless it is a space.
+.It yank: \*(haY
+Inserts the most recently killed text string at the current cursor position.
+.It yank\-pop: \*(ha[y
+Immediately after a
+.Ic yank ,
+replaces the inserted text string with the next previously killed text string.
+.El
+.Ss Vi editing mode
+.Em Note:
+The vi command-line editing mode is orphaned, yet still functional.
+It is 8-bit clean but specifically does not support UTF-8 or MBCS.
+.Pp
+The vi command-line editor in
+.Nm
+has basically the same commands as the
+.Xr vi 1
+editor with the following exceptions:
+.Bl -bullet
+.It
+You start out in insert mode.
+.It
+There are file name and command completion commands:
+=, \e, *, \*(haX, \*(haE, \*(haF, and, optionally,
+.Aq tab
+and
+.Aq esc .
+.It
+The
+.Ic _
+command is different (in
+.Nm mksh ,
+it is the last argument command; in
+.Xr vi 1
+it goes to the start of the current line).
+.It
+The
+.Ic /
+and
+.Ic G
+commands move in the opposite direction to the
+.Ic j
+command.
+.It
+Commands which don't make sense in a single line editor are not available
+(e.g. screen movement commands and
+.Xr ex 1 Ns -style
+colon
+.Pq Ic \&:
+commands).
+.El
+.Pp
+Like
+.Xr vi 1 ,
+there are two modes:
+.Dq insert
+mode and
+.Dq command
+mode.
+In insert mode, most characters are simply put in the buffer at the
+current cursor position as they are typed; however, some characters are
+treated specially.
+In particular, the following characters are taken from current
+.Xr tty 4
+settings
+(see
+.Xr stty 1 )
+and have their usual meaning (normal values are in parentheses): kill (\*(haU),
+erase (\*(ha?), werase (\*(haW), eof (\*(haD), intr (\*(haC), and quit (\*(ha\e).
+In addition to
+the above, the following characters are also treated specially in insert mode:
+.Bl -tag -width XJXXXXM
+.It \*(haE
+Command and file name enumeration (see below).
+.It \*(haF
+Command and file name completion (see below).
+If used twice in a row, the
+list of possible completions is displayed; if used a third time, the completion
+is undone.
+.It \*(haH
+Erases previous character.
+.It \*(haJ \*(Ba \*(haM
+End of line.
+The current line is read, parsed, and executed by the shell.
+.It \*(haV
+Literal next.
+The next character typed is not treated specially (can be used
+to insert the characters being described here).
+.It \*(haX
+Command and file name expansion (see below).
+.It Aq esc
+Puts the editor in command mode (see below).
+.It Aq tab
+Optional file name and command completion (see
+.Ic \*(haF
+above), enabled with
+.Ic set Fl o Ic vi\-tabcomplete .
+.El
+.Pp
+In command mode, each character is interpreted as a command.
+Characters that
+don't correspond to commands, are illegal combinations of commands, or are
+commands that can't be carried out, all cause beeps.
+In the following command descriptions, an
+.Op Ar n
+indicates the command may be prefixed by a number (e.g.\&
+.Ic 10l
+moves right 10 characters); if no number prefix is used,
+.Ar n
+is assumed to be 1 unless otherwise specified.
+The term
+.Dq current position
+refers to the position between the cursor and the character preceding the
+cursor.
+A
+.Dq word
+is a sequence of letters, digits, and underscore characters or a sequence of
+non-letter, non-digit, non-underscore, and non-whitespace characters (e.g.\&
+.Dq ab2*&\*(ha
+contains two words) and a
+.Dq big-word
+is a sequence of non-whitespace characters.
+.Pp
+Special
+.Nm
+vi commands:
+.Pp
+The following commands are not in, or are different from, the normal vi file
+editor:
+.Bl -tag -width 10n
+.It Xo
+.Oo Ar n Oc Ns _
+.Xc
+Insert a space followed by the
+.Ar n Ns th
+big-word from the last command in the history at the current position and enter
+insert mode; if
+.Ar n
+is not specified, the last word is inserted.
+.It #
+Insert the comment character
+.Pq Sq #
+at the start of the current line and return the line to the shell (equivalent
+to
+.Ic I#\*(haJ ) .
+.It Xo
+.Oo Ar n Oc Ns g
+.Xc
+Like
+.Ic G ,
+except if
+.Ar n
+is not specified, it goes to the most recent remembered line.
+.It Xo
+.Oo Ar n Oc Ns v
+.Xc
+Edit line
+.Ar n
+using the
+.Xr vi 1
+editor; if
+.Ar n
+is not specified, the current line is edited.
+The actual command executed is
+.Ic fc \-e ${VISUAL:\-${EDITOR:\-vi}} Ar n .
+.It * and \*(haX
+Command or file name expansion is applied to the current big-word (with an
+appended
+.Ql *
+if the word contains no file globbing characters) \*(en the big-word is replaced
+with the resulting words.
+If the current big-word is the first on the line
+or follows one of the characters
+.Ql \&; ,
+.Ql \*(Ba ,
+.Ql & ,
+.Ql \&( ,
+or
+.Ql \&) ,
+and does not contain a slash
+.Pq Sq / ,
+then command expansion is done; otherwise file name expansion is done.
+Command expansion will match the big-word against all aliases, functions, and
+built-in commands as well as any executable files found by searching the
+directories in the
+.Ev PATH
+parameter.
+File name expansion matches the big-word against the files in the
+current directory.
+After expansion, the cursor is placed just past the last
+word and the editor is in insert mode.
+.It Xo
+.Oo Ar n Oc Ns \e ,
+.Oo Ar n Oc Ns \*(haF ,
+.Oo Ar n Oc Ns Aq tab ,
+.No and
+.Oo Ar n Oc Ns Aq esc
+.Xc
+Command/file name completion.
+Replace the current big-word with the
+longest unique match obtained after performing command and file name expansion.
+.Aq tab
+is only recognised if the
+.Ic vi\-tabcomplete
+option is set, while
+.Aq esc
+is only recognised if the
+.Ic vi\-esccomplete
+option is set (see
+.Ic set Fl o ) .
+If
+.Ar n
+is specified, the
+.Ar n Ns th
+possible completion is selected (as reported by the command/file name
+enumeration command).
+.It = and \*(haE
+Command/file name enumeration.
+List all the commands or files that match the current big-word.
+.It \*(haV
+Display the version of
+.Nm mksh .
+The current edit buffer is restored as soon as a key is pressed.
+The restoring keypress is ignored.
+.It @ Ns Ar c
+Macro expansion.
+Execute the commands found in the alias
+.Ar c .
+.El
+.Pp
+Intra-line movement commands:
+.Bl -tag -width Ds
+.It Xo
+.Oo Ar n Oc Ns h and
+.Oo Ar n Oc Ns \*(haH
+.Xc
+Move left
+.Ar n
+characters.
+.It Xo
+.Oo Ar n Oc Ns l and
+.Oo Ar n Oc Ns Aq space
+.Xc
+Move right
+.Ar n
+characters.
+.It 0
+Move to column 0.
+.It \*(ha
+Move to the first non-whitespace character.
+.It Xo
+.Oo Ar n Oc Ns \*(Ba
+.Xc
+Move to column
+.Ar n .
+.It $
+Move to the last character.
+.It Xo
+.Oo Ar n Oc Ns b
+.Xc
+Move back
+.Ar n
+words.
+.It Xo
+.Oo Ar n Oc Ns B
+.Xc
+Move back
+.Ar n
+big-words.
+.It Xo
+.Oo Ar n Oc Ns e
+.Xc
+Move forward to the end of the word,
+.Ar n
+times.
+.It Xo
+.Oo Ar n Oc Ns E
+.Xc
+Move forward to the end of the big-word,
+.Ar n
+times.
+.It Xo
+.Oo Ar n Oc Ns w
+.Xc
+Move forward
+.Ar n
+words.
+.It Xo
+.Oo Ar n Oc Ns W
+.Xc
+Move forward
+.Ar n
+big-words.
+.It %
+Find match.
+The editor looks forward for the nearest parenthesis, bracket, or
+brace and then moves the cursor to the matching parenthesis, bracket, or brace.
+.It Xo
+.Oo Ar n Oc Ns f Ns Ar c
+.Xc
+Move forward to the
+.Ar n Ns th
+occurrence of the character
+.Ar c .
+.It Xo
+.Oo Ar n Oc Ns F Ns Ar c
+.Xc
+Move backward to the
+.Ar n Ns th
+occurrence of the character
+.Ar c .
+.It Xo
+.Oo Ar n Oc Ns t Ns Ar c
+.Xc
+Move forward to just before the
+.Ar n Ns th
+occurrence of the character
+.Ar c .
+.It Xo
+.Oo Ar n Oc Ns T Ns Ar c
+.Xc
+Move backward to just before the
+.Ar n Ns th
+occurrence of the character
+.Ar c .
+.It Xo
+.Oo Ar n Oc Ns \&;
+.Xc
+Repeats the last
+.Ic f , F , t ,
+or
+.Ic T
+command.
+.It Xo
+.Oo Ar n Oc Ns \&,
+.Xc
+Repeats the last
+.Ic f , F , t ,
+or
+.Ic T
+command, but moves in the opposite direction.
+.El
+.Pp
+Inter-line movement commands:
+.Bl -tag -width Ds
+.It Xo
+.Oo Ar n Oc Ns j ,
+.Oo Ar n Oc Ns + ,
+.No and
+.Oo Ar n Oc Ns \*(haN
+.Xc
+Move to the
+.Ar n Ns th
+next line in the history.
+.It Xo
+.Oo Ar n Oc Ns k ,
+.Oo Ar n Oc Ns \- ,
+.No and
+.Oo Ar n Oc Ns \*(haP
+.Xc
+Move to the
+.Ar n Ns th
+previous line in the history.
+.It Xo
+.Oo Ar n Oc Ns G
+.Xc
+Move to line
+.Ar n
+in the history; if
+.Ar n
+is not specified, the number of the first remembered line is used.
+.It Xo
+.Oo Ar n Oc Ns g
+.Xc
+Like
+.Ic G ,
+except if
+.Ar n
+is not specified, it goes to the most recent remembered line.
+.It Xo
+.Oo Ar n Oc Ns / Ns Ar string
+.Xc
+Search backward through the history for the
+.Ar n Ns th
+line containing
+.Ar string ;
+if
+.Ar string
+starts with
+.Ql \*(ha ,
+the remainder of the string must appear at the start of the history line for
+it to match.
+.It Xo
+.Oo Ar n Oc Ns \&? Ns Ar string
+.Xc
+Same as
+.Ic / ,
+except it searches forward through the history.
+.It Xo
+.Oo Ar n Oc Ns n
+.Xc
+Search for the
+.Ar n Ns th
+occurrence of the last search string;
+the direction of the search is the same as the last search.
+.It Xo
+.Oo Ar n Oc Ns N
+.Xc
+Search for the
+.Ar n Ns th
+occurrence of the last search string;
+the direction of the search is the opposite of the last search.
+.It Ar ANSI-CurUp , PC-PgUp
+Take the characters from the beginning of the line to the current
+cursor position as search string and do a backwards history search
+for lines beginning with this string; keep the cursor position.
+This works only in insert mode and keeps it enabled.
+.El
+.Pp
+Edit commands
+.Bl -tag -width Ds
+.It Xo
+.Oo Ar n Oc Ns a
+.Xc
+Append text
+.Ar n
+times; goes into insert mode just after the current position.
+The append is
+only replicated if command mode is re-entered i.e.\&
+.Aq esc
+is used.
+.It Xo
+.Oo Ar n Oc Ns A
+.Xc
+Same as
+.Ic a ,
+except it appends at the end of the line.
+.It Xo
+.Oo Ar n Oc Ns i
+.Xc
+Insert text
+.Ar n
+times; goes into insert mode at the current position.
+The insertion is only
+replicated if command mode is re-entered i.e.\&
+.Aq esc
+is used.
+.It Xo
+.Oo Ar n Oc Ns I
+.Xc
+Same as
+.Ic i ,
+except the insertion is done just before the first non-blank character.
+.It Xo
+.Oo Ar n Oc Ns s
+.Xc
+Substitute the next
+.Ar n
+characters (i.e. delete the characters and go into insert mode).
+.It S
+Substitute whole line.
+All characters from the first non-blank character to the
+end of the line are deleted and insert mode is entered.
+.It Xo
+.Oo Ar n Oc Ns c Ns Ar move-cmd
+.Xc
+Change from the current position to the position resulting from
+.Ar n move-cmd Ns s
+(i.e. delete the indicated region and go into insert mode); if
+.Ar move-cmd
+is
+.Ic c ,
+the line starting from the first non-blank character is changed.
+.It C
+Change from the current position to the end of the line (i.e. delete to the
+end of the line and go into insert mode).
+.It Xo
+.Oo Ar n Oc Ns x
+.Xc
+Delete the next
+.Ar n
+characters.
+.It Xo
+.Oo Ar n Oc Ns X
+.Xc
+Delete the previous
+.Ar n
+characters.
+.It D
+Delete to the end of the line.
+.It Xo
+.Oo Ar n Oc Ns d Ns Ar move-cmd
+.Xc
+Delete from the current position to the position resulting from
+.Ar n move-cmd Ns s ;
+.Ar move-cmd
+is a movement command (see above) or
+.Ic d ,
+in which case the current line is deleted.
+.It Xo
+.Oo Ar n Oc Ns r Ns Ar c
+.Xc
+Replace the next
+.Ar n
+characters with the character
+.Ar c .
+.It Xo
+.Oo Ar n Oc Ns R
+.Xc
+Replace.
+Enter insert mode but overwrite existing characters instead of
+inserting before existing characters.
+The replacement is repeated
+.Ar n
+times.
+.It Xo
+.Oo Ar n Oc Ns \*(TI
+.Xc
+Change the case of the next
+.Ar n
+characters.
+.It Xo
+.Oo Ar n Oc Ns y Ns Ar move-cmd
+.Xc
+Yank from the current position to the position resulting from
+.Ar n move-cmd Ns s
+into the yank buffer; if
+.Ar move-cmd
+is
+.Ic y ,
+the whole line is yanked.
+.It Y
+Yank from the current position to the end of the line.
+.It Xo
+.Oo Ar n Oc Ns p
+.Xc
+Paste the contents of the yank buffer just after the current position,
+.Ar n
+times.
+.It Xo
+.Oo Ar n Oc Ns P
+.Xc
+Same as
+.Ic p ,
+except the buffer is pasted at the current position.
+.El
+.Pp
+Miscellaneous vi commands
+.Bl -tag -width Ds
+.It \*(haJ and \*(haM
+The current line is read, parsed, and executed by the shell.
+.It \*(haL and \*(haR
+Redraw the current line.
+.It Xo
+.Oo Ar n Oc Ns \&.
+.Xc
+Redo the last edit command
+.Ar n
+times.
+.It u
+Undo the last edit command.
+.It U
+Undo all changes that have been made to the current line.
+.It PC Home, End, Del, and cursor keys
+They move as expected, both in insert and command mode.
+.It Ar intr No and Ar quit
+The interrupt and quit terminal characters cause the current line to be
+deleted and a new prompt to be printed.
+.El
+.Sh FILES
+.Bl -tag -width XetcXsuid_profile -compact
+.It Pa \*(TI/.mkshrc
+User mkshrc profile (non-privileged interactive shells); see
+.Sx Startup files.
+The location can be changed at compile time (for embedded systems);
+AOSP Android builds use
+.Pa /system/etc/mkshrc .
+.It Pa \*(TI/.profile
+User profile (non-privileged login shells); see
+.Sx Startup files
+near the top of this manual.
+.It Pa /etc/profile
+System profile (login shells); see
+.Sx Startup files.
+.It Pa /etc/shells
+Shell database.
+.It Pa /etc/suid_profile
+Suid profile (privileged shells); see
+.Sx Startup files.
+.El
+.Pp
+Note: On Android,
+.Pa /system/etc/
+contains the system and suid profile.
+.Sh SEE ALSO
+.Xr awk 1 ,
+.Xr cat 1 ,
+.Xr ed 1 ,
+.Xr getopt 1 ,
+.Xr lksh 1 ,
+.Xr sed 1 ,
+.Xr sh 1 ,
+.Xr stty 1 ,
+.Xr dup 2 ,
+.Xr execve 2 ,
+.Xr getgid 2 ,
+.Xr getuid 2 ,
+.Xr mknod 2 ,
+.Xr mkfifo 2 ,
+.Xr open 2 ,
+.Xr pipe 2 ,
+.Xr rename 2 ,
+.Xr wait 2 ,
+.Xr getopt 3 ,
+.Xr nl_langinfo 3 ,
+.Xr setlocale 3 ,
+.Xr signal 3 ,
+.Xr system 3 ,
+.Xr tty 4 ,
+.Xr shells 5 ,
+.Xr environ 7 ,
+.Xr script 7 ,
+.Xr utf\-8 7 ,
+.Xr mknod 8
+.Pp
+.Pa https://www.mirbsd.org/ksh\-chan.htm
+.Rs
+.%A Morris Bolsky
+.%B "The KornShell Command and Programming Language"
+.%D 1989
+.%I "Prentice Hall PTR"
+.%P "xvi\ +\ 356 pages"
+.%O "ISBN 978\-0\-13\-516972\-8 (0\-13\-516972\-0)"
+.Re
+.Rs
+.%A Morris I. Bolsky
+.%A David G. Korn
+.%B "The New KornShell Command and Programming Language (2nd Edition)"
+.%D 1995
+.%I "Prentice Hall PTR"
+.%P "xvi\ +\ 400 pages"
+.%O "ISBN 978\-0\-13\-182700\-4 (0\-13\-182700\-6)"
+.Re
+.Rs
+.%A Stephen G. Kochan
+.%A Patrick H. Wood
+.%B "\\*(tNUNIX\\*(sP Shell Programming"
+.%V "3rd Edition"
+.%D 2003
+.%I "Sams"
+.%P "xiii\ +\ 437 pages"
+.%O "ISBN 978\-0\-672\-32490\-1 (0\-672\-32490\-3)"
+.Re
+.Rs
+.%A "IEEE Inc."
+.%T "\\*(tNIEEE\\*(sP Standard for Information Technology \*(en Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX)"
+.%V "Part 2: Shell and Utilities"
+.%D 1993
+.%I "IEEE Press"
+.%P "xvii\ +\ 1195 pages"
+.%O "ISBN 978\-1\-55937\-255\-8 (1\-55937\-255\-9)"
+.Re
+.Rs
+.%A Bill Rosenblatt
+.%B "Learning the Korn Shell"
+.%D 1993
+.%I "O'Reilly"
+.%P "360 pages"
+.%O "ISBN 978\-1\-56592\-054\-5 (1\-56592\-054\-6)"
+.Re
+.Rs
+.%A Bill Rosenblatt
+.%A Arnold Robbins
+.%B "Learning the Korn Shell, Second Edition"
+.%D 2002
+.%I "O'Reilly"
+.%P "432 pages"
+.%O "ISBN 978\-0\-596\-00195\-7 (0\-596\-00195\-9)"
+.Re
+.Rs
+.%A Barry Rosenberg
+.%B "KornShell Programming Tutorial"
+.%D 1991
+.%I "Addison-Wesley Professional"
+.%P "xxi\ +\ 324 pages"
+.%O "ISBN 978\-0\-201\-56324\-5 (0\-201\-56324\-X)"
+.Re
+.Sh AUTHORS
+.An -nosplit
+.Nm "The MirBSD Korn Shell"
+is developed by
+.An mirabilos Aq Mt m@mirbsd.org
+as part of The MirOS Project.
+This shell is based on the public domain 7th edition Bourne shell clone by
+.An Charles Forsyth ,
+who kindly agreed to, in countries where the Public Domain status of the work
+may not be valid, grant a copyright licence to the general public to deal in
+the work without restriction and permission to sublicence derivates under the
+terms of any (OSI approved) Open Source licence,
+and parts of the BRL shell by
+.An Doug A. Gwyn ,
+.An Doug Kingston ,
+.An Ron Natalie ,
+.An Arnold Robbins ,
+.An Lou Salkind ,
+and others.
+The first release of
+.Nm pdksh
+was created by
+.An Eric Gisin ,
+and it was subsequently maintained by
+.An John R. MacMillan ,
+.An Simon J. Gerraty ,
+and
+.An Michael Rendell .
+The effort of several projects, such as Debian and OpenBSD, and other
+contributors including our users, to improve the shell is appreciated.
+See the documentation, CVS, and web site for details.
+.Pp
+The BSD daemon is Copyright \(co Marshall Kirk McKusick.
+The complete legalese is at:
+.Pa https://www.mirbsd.org/TaC\-mksh.txt
+.\"
+.\" This boils down to: feel free to use mksh.ico as application icon
+.\" or shortcut for mksh or mksh/Win32 or OS/2; distro patches are ok
+.\" (but we request they amend $KSH_VERSION when modifying mksh).
+.\" Authors are Marshall Kirk McKusick (UCB), Rick Collette (ekkoBSD),
+.\" mirabilos, Benny Siegert (MirBSD), Michael Langguth (mksh/Win32),
+.\" KO Myung-Hun (mksh for OS/2).
+.\"
+.\" As far as MirBSD is concerned, the files themselves are free
+.\" to modification and distribution under BSD/MirOS Licence, the
+.\" restriction on use stems only from trademark law's requirement
+.\" to protect it or lose it, which McKusick almost did.
+.\"
+.Sh CAVEATS
+.Nm
+has a different scope model from
+.At
+.Nm ksh ,
+which leads to subtile differences in semantics for identical builtins.
+This can cause issues with a
+.Ic nameref
+to suddenly point to a local variable by accident; fixing this is hard.
+.Pp
+The parts of a pipeline, like below, are executed in subshells.
+Thus, variable assignments inside them are not visible in the
+surrounding execution environment.
+Use co-processes instead.
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+foo \*(Ba bar \*(Ba read baz            # will not change $baz
+foo \*(Ba bar \*(Ba& read \-p baz        # will, however, do so
+.Ed
+.Pp
+.Nm mksh
+provides a consistent set of 32-bit integer arithmetics, both signed
+and unsigned, with defined wraparound and sign of the result of a
+remainder operation, even (defying POSIX) on 36-bit and 64-bit systems.
+.Pp
+.Nm mksh
+provides a consistent, clear interface normally.
+This may deviate from POSIX in historic or opinionated places.
+.Ic set Fl o Ic posix
+(see
+.Sx POSIX mode
+for details)
+will cause the shell to behave more conformant.
+.Pp
+For the purpose of
+.Tn POSIX ,
+.Nm mksh
+supports only the
+.Dq C
+locale.
+.Nm mksh Ns 's
+.Ic utf8\-mode
+only supports the Unicode BMP (Basic Multilingual Plane) and maps
+raw octets into the U+EF80..U+EFFF wide character range; compare
+.Sx Arithmetic expressions .
+The following
+.Tn POSIX
+.Nm sh
+code toggles the
+.Ic utf8\-mode
+option dependent on the current
+.Tn POSIX
+locale for mksh to allow using the UTF-8 mode, within the constraints
+outlined above, in code portable across various shell implementations:
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+case ${KSH_VERSION:\-} in
+*MIRBSD\ KSH*\*(Ba*LEGACY\ KSH*)
+       case ${LC_ALL:\-${LC_CTYPE:\-${LANG:\-}}} in
+       *[Uu][Tt][Ff]8*\*(Ba*[Uu][Tt][Ff]\-8*) set \-U ;;
+       *) set +U ;;
+       esac ;;
+esac
+.Ed
+In near future, (Unicode) locale tracking will be implemented though.
+.Sh BUGS
+Suspending (using \*(haZ) pipelines like the one below will only suspend
+the currently running part of the pipeline; in this example,
+.Dq fubar
+is immediately printed on suspension (but not later after an
+.Ic fg ) .
+.Bd -literal -offset indent
+$ /bin/sleep 666 && echo fubar
+.Ed
+.Pp
+The truncation process involved when changing
+.Ev HISTFILE
+does not free old history entries (leaks memory) and leaks
+old entries into the new history if their line numbers are
+not overwritten by same-numer entries from the persistent
+history file; truncating the on-disc file to
+.Ev HISTSIZE
+lines has always been broken and prone to history file corruption
+when multiple shells are accessing the file; the rollover process
+for the in-memory portion of the history is slow, should use
+.Xr memmove 3 .
+.Pp
+This document attempts to describe
+.Nm mksh\ R52c
+and up,
+.\" with vendor patches from insert-your-name-here,
+compiled without any options impacting functionality, such as
+.Dv MKSH_SMALL ,
+when not called as
+.Pa /bin/sh
+which, on some systems only, enables
+.Ic set Fl o Ic posix
+or
+.Ic set Fl o Ic sh
+automatically (whose behaviour differs across targets),
+for an operating environment supporting all of its advanced needs.
+.Pp
+Please report bugs in
+.Nm
+to the
+.Mx
+mailing list at
+.Aq Mt miros\-mksh@mirbsd.org
+or in the
+.Li \&#\&!/bin/mksh
+.Pq or Li \&#ksh
+IRC channel at
+.Pa irc.freenode.net
+.Pq Port 6697 SSL, 6667 unencrypted ,
+or at:
+.Pa https://launchpad.net/mksh
diff --git a/source/sh/mksh.ico b/source/sh/mksh.ico
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..731c2b6
Binary files /dev/null and b/source/sh/mksh.ico differ
diff --git a/source/sh/rlimits.gen b/source/sh/rlimits.gen
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..96f5eff
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
+/* +++ GENERATED FILE +++ DO NOT EDIT +++ */
+/*-
+ * Copyright (c) 2013, 2015
+ *     mirabilos <m@mirbsd.org>
+ *
+ * Provided that these terms and disclaimer and all copyright notices
+ * are retained or reproduced in an accompanying document, permission
+ * is granted to deal in this work without restriction, including un-
+ * limited rights to use, publicly perform, distribute, sell, modify,
+ * merge, give away, or sublicence.
+ *
+ * This work is provided "AS IS" and WITHOUT WARRANTY of any kind, to
+ * the utmost extent permitted by applicable law, neither express nor
+ * implied; without malicious intent or gross negligence. In no event
+ * may a licensor, author or contributor be held liable for indirect,
+ * direct, other damage, loss, or other issues arising in any way out
+ * of dealing in the work, even if advised of the possibility of such
+ * damage or existence of a defect, except proven that it results out
+ * of said person's immediate fault when using the work as intended.
+ */
+
+#ifndef RLIMITS_OPTCS
+#if defined(RLIMITS_DEFNS)
+__RCSID("$MirOS: src/bin/mksh/rlimits.opt,v 1.3 2015/12/12 21:08:44 tg Exp $");
+#elif defined(RLIMITS_ITEMS)
+#define FN(lname,lid,lfac,lopt) (const struct limits *)(&rlimits_ ## lid),
+#endif
+#ifndef F0
+#define F0 FN
+#endif
+#ifdef RLIMIT_CPU
+FN("time(cpu-seconds)", RLIMIT_CPU, 1, 't')
+#endif
+#ifdef RLIMIT_FSIZE
+FN("file(blocks)", RLIMIT_FSIZE, 512, 'f')
+#endif
+#ifdef RLIMIT_CORE
+FN("coredump(blocks)", RLIMIT_CORE, 512, 'c')
+#endif
+#ifdef RLIMIT_DATA
+FN("data(KiB)", RLIMIT_DATA, 1024, 'd')
+#endif
+#ifdef RLIMIT_STACK
+FN("stack(KiB)", RLIMIT_STACK, 1024, 's')
+#endif
+#ifdef RLIMIT_MEMLOCK
+FN("lockedmem(KiB)", RLIMIT_MEMLOCK, 1024, 'l')
+#endif
+#ifdef RLIMIT_NOFILE
+FN("nofiles(descriptors)", RLIMIT_NOFILE, 1, 'n')
+#endif
+#ifdef RLIMIT_NPROC
+FN("processes", RLIMIT_NPROC, 1, 'p')
+#endif
+#ifdef RLIMIT_SWAP
+FN("swap(KiB)", RLIMIT_SWAP, 1024, 'w')
+#endif
+#ifdef RLIMIT_TIME
+FN("humantime(seconds)", RLIMIT_TIME, 1, 'T')
+#endif
+#ifdef RLIMIT_NOVMON
+FN("vnodemonitors", RLIMIT_NOVMON, 1, 'V')
+#endif
+#ifdef RLIMIT_SIGPENDING
+FN("sigpending", RLIMIT_SIGPENDING, 1, 'i')
+#endif
+#ifdef RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE
+FN("msgqueue(bytes)", RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE, 1, 'q')
+#endif
+#ifdef RLIMIT_AIO_MEM
+FN("AIOlockedmem(KiB)", RLIMIT_AIO_MEM, 1024, 'M')
+#endif
+#ifdef RLIMIT_AIO_OPS
+FN("AIOoperations", RLIMIT_AIO_OPS, 1, 'O')
+#endif
+#ifdef RLIMIT_TCACHE
+FN("cachedthreads", RLIMIT_TCACHE, 1, 'C')
+#endif
+#ifdef RLIMIT_SBSIZE
+FN("sockbufsiz(KiB)", RLIMIT_SBSIZE, 1024, 'B')
+#endif
+#ifdef RLIMIT_PTHREAD
+FN("threadsperprocess", RLIMIT_PTHREAD, 1, 'P')
+#endif
+#ifdef RLIMIT_NICE
+FN("maxnice", RLIMIT_NICE, 1, 'e')
+#endif
+#ifdef RLIMIT_RTPRIO
+FN("maxrtprio", RLIMIT_RTPRIO, 1, 'r')
+#endif
+#ifdef ULIMIT_M_IS_RSS
+FN("resident-set(KiB)", RLIMIT_RSS, 1024, 'm')
+#endif
+#ifdef ULIMIT_M_IS_VMEM
+FN("memory(KiB)", RLIMIT_VMEM, 1024, 'm')
+#endif
+#ifdef ULIMIT_V_IS_VMEM
+FN("virtual-memory(KiB)", RLIMIT_VMEM, 1024, 'v')
+#endif
+#ifdef ULIMIT_V_IS_AS
+FN("address-space(KiB)", RLIMIT_AS, 1024, 'v')
+#endif
+#undef F0
+#undef FN
+#undef RLIMITS_DEFNS
+#undef RLIMITS_ITEMS
+#else
+"a"
+#ifdef RLIMIT_SBSIZE
+"B"
+#endif
+#ifdef RLIMIT_TCACHE
+"C"
+#endif
+#ifdef RLIMIT_CORE
+"c"
+#endif
+#ifdef RLIMIT_DATA
+"d"
+#endif
+#ifdef RLIMIT_NICE
+"e"
+#endif
+#ifdef RLIMIT_FSIZE
+"f"
+#endif
+"H"
+#ifdef RLIMIT_SIGPENDING
+"i"
+#endif
+#ifdef RLIMIT_MEMLOCK
+"l"
+#endif
+#ifdef RLIMIT_AIO_MEM
+"M"
+#endif
+#ifdef ULIMIT_M_IS_RSS
+"m"
+#endif
+#ifdef ULIMIT_M_IS_VMEM
+"m"
+#endif
+#ifdef RLIMIT_NOFILE
+"n"
+#endif
+#ifdef RLIMIT_AIO_OPS
+"O"
+#endif
+#ifdef RLIMIT_PTHREAD
+"P"
+#endif
+#ifdef RLIMIT_NPROC
+"p"
+#endif
+#ifdef RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE
+"q"
+#endif
+#ifdef RLIMIT_RTPRIO
+"r"
+#endif
+"S"
+#ifdef RLIMIT_STACK
+"s"
+#endif
+#ifdef RLIMIT_TIME
+"T"
+#endif
+#ifdef RLIMIT_CPU
+"t"
+#endif
+#ifdef RLIMIT_NOVMON
+"V"
+#endif
+#ifdef ULIMIT_V_IS_AS
+"v"
+#endif
+#ifdef ULIMIT_V_IS_VMEM
+"v"
+#endif
+#ifdef RLIMIT_SWAP
+"w"
+#endif
+#undef RLIMITS_OPTCS
+#endif
diff --git a/source/sh/rlimits.opt b/source/sh/rlimits.opt
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..4f933ab
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+/*-
+ * Copyright (c) 2013, 2015
+ *     mirabilos <m@mirbsd.org>
+ *
+ * Provided that these terms and disclaimer and all copyright notices
+ * are retained or reproduced in an accompanying document, permission
+ * is granted to deal in this work without restriction, including un-
+ * limited rights to use, publicly perform, distribute, sell, modify,
+ * merge, give away, or sublicence.
+ *
+ * This work is provided "AS IS" and WITHOUT WARRANTY of any kind, to
+ * the utmost extent permitted by applicable law, neither express nor
+ * implied; without malicious intent or gross negligence. In no event
+ * may a licensor, author or contributor be held liable for indirect,
+ * direct, other damage, loss, or other issues arising in any way out
+ * of dealing in the work, even if advised of the possibility of such
+ * damage or existence of a defect, except proven that it results out
+ * of said person's immediate fault when using the work as intended.
+ */
+
+@RLIMITS_DEFNS
+__RCSID("$MirOS: src/bin/mksh/rlimits.opt,v 1.3 2015/12/12 21:08:44 tg Exp $");
+@RLIMITS_ITEMS
+#define FN(lname,lid,lfac,lopt) (const struct limits *)(&rlimits_ ## lid),
+@@
+
+/* generic options for the ulimit builtin */
+
+<a|
+<H|
+<S|
+
+/* do not use options -H, -S or -a or change the order */
+
+>t|RLIMIT_CPU
+FN("time(cpu-seconds)", RLIMIT_CPU, 1
+
+>f|RLIMIT_FSIZE
+FN("file(blocks)", RLIMIT_FSIZE, 512
+
+>c|RLIMIT_CORE
+FN("coredump(blocks)", RLIMIT_CORE, 512
+
+>d|RLIMIT_DATA
+FN("data(KiB)", RLIMIT_DATA, 1024
+
+>s|RLIMIT_STACK
+FN("stack(KiB)", RLIMIT_STACK, 1024
+
+>l|RLIMIT_MEMLOCK
+FN("lockedmem(KiB)", RLIMIT_MEMLOCK, 1024
+
+>n|RLIMIT_NOFILE
+FN("nofiles(descriptors)", RLIMIT_NOFILE, 1
+
+>p|RLIMIT_NPROC
+FN("processes", RLIMIT_NPROC, 1
+
+>w|RLIMIT_SWAP
+FN("swap(KiB)", RLIMIT_SWAP, 1024
+
+>T|RLIMIT_TIME
+FN("humantime(seconds)", RLIMIT_TIME, 1
+
+>V|RLIMIT_NOVMON
+FN("vnodemonitors", RLIMIT_NOVMON, 1
+
+>i|RLIMIT_SIGPENDING
+FN("sigpending", RLIMIT_SIGPENDING, 1
+
+>q|RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE
+FN("msgqueue(bytes)", RLIMIT_MSGQUEUE, 1
+
+>M|RLIMIT_AIO_MEM
+FN("AIOlockedmem(KiB)", RLIMIT_AIO_MEM, 1024
+
+>O|RLIMIT_AIO_OPS
+FN("AIOoperations", RLIMIT_AIO_OPS, 1
+
+>C|RLIMIT_TCACHE
+FN("cachedthreads", RLIMIT_TCACHE, 1
+
+>B|RLIMIT_SBSIZE
+FN("sockbufsiz(KiB)", RLIMIT_SBSIZE, 1024
+
+>P|RLIMIT_PTHREAD
+FN("threadsperprocess", RLIMIT_PTHREAD, 1
+
+>e|RLIMIT_NICE
+FN("maxnice", RLIMIT_NICE, 1
+
+>r|RLIMIT_RTPRIO
+FN("maxrtprio", RLIMIT_RTPRIO, 1
+
+>m|ULIMIT_M_IS_RSS
+FN("resident-set(KiB)", RLIMIT_RSS, 1024
+>m|ULIMIT_M_IS_VMEM
+FN("memory(KiB)", RLIMIT_VMEM, 1024
+
+>v|ULIMIT_V_IS_VMEM
+FN("virtual-memory(KiB)", RLIMIT_VMEM, 1024
+>v|ULIMIT_V_IS_AS
+FN("address-space(KiB)", RLIMIT_AS, 1024
+
+|RLIMITS_OPTCS
diff --git a/source/sh/sh.h b/source/sh/sh.h
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..fbf248f
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,2163 @@
+/*     $OpenBSD: sh.h,v 1.35 2015/09/10 22:48:58 nicm Exp $    */
+/*     $OpenBSD: shf.h,v 1.6 2005/12/11 18:53:51 deraadt Exp $ */
+/*     $OpenBSD: table.h,v 1.8 2012/02/19 07:52:30 otto Exp $  */
+/*     $OpenBSD: tree.h,v 1.10 2005/03/28 21:28:22 deraadt Exp $       */
+/*     $OpenBSD: expand.h,v 1.7 2015/09/01 13:12:31 tedu Exp $ */
+/*     $OpenBSD: lex.h,v 1.13 2013/03/03 19:11:34 guenther Exp $       */
+/*     $OpenBSD: proto.h,v 1.35 2013/09/04 15:49:19 millert Exp $      */
+/*     $OpenBSD: c_test.h,v 1.4 2004/12/20 11:34:26 otto Exp $ */
+/*     $OpenBSD: tty.h,v 1.5 2004/12/20 11:34:26 otto Exp $    */
+
+/*-
+ * Copyright © 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010,
+ *            2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016
+ *     mirabilos <m@mirbsd.org>
+ *
+ * Provided that these terms and disclaimer and all copyright notices
+ * are retained or reproduced in an accompanying document, permission
+ * is granted to deal in this work without restriction, including un‐
+ * limited rights to use, publicly perform, distribute, sell, modify,
+ * merge, give away, or sublicence.
+ *
+ * This work is provided “AS IS” and WITHOUT WARRANTY of any kind, to
+ * the utmost extent permitted by applicable law, neither express nor
+ * implied; without malicious intent or gross negligence. In no event
+ * may a licensor, author or contributor be held liable for indirect,
+ * direct, other damage, loss, or other issues arising in any way out
+ * of dealing in the work, even if advised of the possibility of such
+ * damage or existence of a defect, except proven that it results out
+ * of said person’s immediate fault when using the work as intended.
+ */
+
+#ifdef __dietlibc__
+/* XXX imake style */
+#define _BSD_SOURCE    /* live, BSD, live❣ */
+#endif
+
+#if HAVE_SYS_PARAM_H
+#include <sys/param.h>
+#endif
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#if HAVE_BOTH_TIME_H
+#include <sys/time.h>
+#include <time.h>
+#elif HAVE_SYS_TIME_H
+#include <sys/time.h>
+#elif HAVE_TIME_H
+#include <time.h>
+#endif
+#include <sys/ioctl.h>
+#if HAVE_SYS_SYSMACROS_H
+#include <sys/sysmacros.h>
+#endif
+#if HAVE_SYS_MKDEV_H
+#include <sys/mkdev.h>
+#endif
+#if HAVE_SYS_MMAN_H
+#include <sys/mman.h>
+#endif
+#if HAVE_SYS_RESOURCE_H
+#include <sys/resource.h>
+#endif
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <sys/wait.h>
+#include <dirent.h>
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#if HAVE_IO_H
+#include <io.h>
+#endif
+#if HAVE_LIBGEN_H
+#include <libgen.h>
+#endif
+#if HAVE_LIBUTIL_H
+#include <libutil.h>
+#endif
+#include <limits.h>
+#if HAVE_PATHS_H
+#include <paths.h>
+#endif
+#include <pwd.h>
+#include <setjmp.h>
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#if HAVE_STDINT_H
+#include <stdint.h>
+#endif
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#if HAVE_STRINGS_H
+#include <strings.h>
+#endif
+#if HAVE_TERMIOS_H
+#include <termios.h>
+#else
+/* shudder… */
+#include <termio.h>
+#endif
+#ifdef _ISC_UNIX
+/* XXX imake style */
+#include <sys/sioctl.h>
+#endif
+#if HAVE_ULIMIT_H
+#include <ulimit.h>
+#endif
+#include <unistd.h>
+#if HAVE_VALUES_H
+#include <values.h>
+#endif
+#ifdef MIRBSD_BOOTFLOPPY
+#include <wchar.h>
+#endif
+
+#undef __attribute__
+#if HAVE_ATTRIBUTE_BOUNDED
+#define MKSH_A_BOUNDED(x,y,z)  __attribute__((__bounded__(x, y, z)))
+#else
+#define MKSH_A_BOUNDED(x,y,z)  /* nothing */
+#endif
+#if HAVE_ATTRIBUTE_FORMAT
+#define MKSH_A_FORMAT(x,y,z)   __attribute__((__format__(x, y, z)))
+#else
+#define MKSH_A_FORMAT(x,y,z)   /* nothing */
+#endif
+#if HAVE_ATTRIBUTE_NORETURN
+#define MKSH_A_NORETURN                __attribute__((__noreturn__))
+#else
+#define MKSH_A_NORETURN                /* nothing */
+#endif
+#if HAVE_ATTRIBUTE_PURE
+#define MKSH_A_PURE            __attribute__((__pure__))
+#else
+#define MKSH_A_PURE            /* nothing */
+#endif
+#if HAVE_ATTRIBUTE_UNUSED
+#define MKSH_A_UNUSED          __attribute__((__unused__))
+#else
+#define MKSH_A_UNUSED          /* nothing */
+#endif
+#if HAVE_ATTRIBUTE_USED
+#define MKSH_A_USED            __attribute__((__used__))
+#else
+#define MKSH_A_USED            /* nothing */
+#endif
+
+#if defined(MirBSD) && (MirBSD >= 0x09A1) && \
+    defined(__ELF__) && defined(__GNUC__) && \
+    !defined(__llvm__) && !defined(__NWCC__)
+/*
+ * We got usable __IDSTRING __COPYRIGHT __RCSID __SCCSID macros
+ * which work for all cases; no need to redefine them using the
+ * "portable" macros from below when we might have the "better"
+ * gcc+ELF specific macros or other system dependent ones.
+ */
+#else
+#undef __IDSTRING
+#undef __IDSTRING_CONCAT
+#undef __IDSTRING_EXPAND
+#undef __COPYRIGHT
+#undef __RCSID
+#undef __SCCSID
+#define __IDSTRING_CONCAT(l,p)         __LINTED__ ## l ## _ ## p
+#define __IDSTRING_EXPAND(l,p)         __IDSTRING_CONCAT(l,p)
+#ifdef MKSH_DONT_EMIT_IDSTRING
+#define __IDSTRING(prefix, string)     /* nothing */
+#else
+#define __IDSTRING(prefix, string)                             \
+       static const char __IDSTRING_EXPAND(__LINE__,prefix) [] \
+           MKSH_A_USED = "@(""#)" #prefix ": " string
+#endif
+#define __COPYRIGHT(x)         __IDSTRING(copyright,x)
+#define __RCSID(x)             __IDSTRING(rcsid,x)
+#define __SCCSID(x)            __IDSTRING(sccsid,x)
+#endif
+
+#ifdef EXTERN
+__RCSID("$MirOS: src/bin/mksh/sh.h,v 1.768 2016/03/04 18:28:42 tg Exp $");
+#endif
+#define MKSH_VERSION "R52 2016/03/04"
+
+/* arithmetic types: C implementation */
+#if !HAVE_CAN_INTTYPES
+#if !HAVE_CAN_UCBINTS
+typedef signed int int32_t;
+typedef unsigned int uint32_t;
+#else
+typedef u_int32_t uint32_t;
+#endif
+#endif
+
+/* arithmetic types: shell arithmetics */
+#ifdef MKSH_LEGACY_MODE
+/*
+ * POSIX demands these to be the C environment's long type
+ */
+typedef long mksh_ari_t;
+typedef unsigned long mksh_uari_t;
+#else
+/*
+ * These types are exactly 32 bit wide; signed and unsigned
+ * integer wraparound, even across division and modulo, for
+ * any shell code using them, is guaranteed.
+ */
+typedef int32_t mksh_ari_t;
+typedef uint32_t mksh_uari_t;
+#endif
+
+/* boolean type (no <stdbool.h> deliberately) */
+typedef unsigned char mksh_bool;
+#undef bool
+/* false MUST equal the same 0 as written by static storage initialisation */
+#undef false
+#undef true
+/* access macros for boolean type */
+#define bool           mksh_bool
+/* values must have identity mapping between mksh_bool and short */
+#define false          0
+#define true           1
+/* make any-type into bool or short */
+#define tobool(cond)   ((cond) ? true : false)
+
+/* char (octet) type: C implementation */
+#if !HAVE_CAN_INT8TYPE
+#if !HAVE_CAN_UCBINT8
+typedef unsigned char uint8_t;
+#else
+typedef u_int8_t uint8_t;
+#endif
+#endif
+
+/* other standard types */
+
+#if !HAVE_RLIM_T
+typedef unsigned long rlim_t;
+#endif
+
+#if !HAVE_SIG_T
+#undef sig_t
+typedef void (*sig_t)(int);
+#endif
+
+#ifdef MKSH_TYPEDEF_SIG_ATOMIC_T
+typedef MKSH_TYPEDEF_SIG_ATOMIC_T sig_atomic_t;
+#endif
+
+#ifdef MKSH_TYPEDEF_SSIZE_T
+typedef MKSH_TYPEDEF_SSIZE_T ssize_t;
+#endif
+
+/* un-do vendor damage */
+
+#undef BAD             /* AIX defines that somewhere */
+#undef PRINT           /* LynxOS defines that somewhere */
+#undef flock           /* SCO UnixWare defines that to flock64 but ENOENT */
+
+
+#ifndef MKSH_INCLUDES_ONLY
+
+/* extra types */
+
+/* getrusage does not exist on OS/2 kLIBC */
+#if !HAVE_GETRUSAGE && !defined(__OS2__)
+#undef rusage
+#undef RUSAGE_SELF
+#undef RUSAGE_CHILDREN
+#define rusage mksh_rusage
+#define RUSAGE_SELF            0
+#define RUSAGE_CHILDREN                -1
+
+struct rusage {
+       struct timeval ru_utime;
+       struct timeval ru_stime;
+};
+#endif
+
+/* extra macros */
+
+#ifndef timerclear
+#define timerclear(tvp)                                                        \
+       do {                                                            \
+               (tvp)->tv_sec = (tvp)->tv_usec = 0;                     \
+       } while (/* CONSTCOND */ 0)
+#endif
+#ifndef timeradd
+#define timeradd(tvp, uvp, vvp)                                                \
+       do {                                                            \
+               (vvp)->tv_sec = (tvp)->tv_sec + (uvp)->tv_sec;          \
+               (vvp)->tv_usec = (tvp)->tv_usec + (uvp)->tv_usec;       \
+               if ((vvp)->tv_usec >= 1000000) {                        \
+                       (vvp)->tv_sec++;                                \
+                       (vvp)->tv_usec -= 1000000;                      \
+               }                                                       \
+       } while (/* CONSTCOND */ 0)
+#endif
+#ifndef timersub
+#define timersub(tvp, uvp, vvp)                                                \
+       do {                                                            \
+               (vvp)->tv_sec = (tvp)->tv_sec - (uvp)->tv_sec;          \
+               (vvp)->tv_usec = (tvp)->tv_usec - (uvp)->tv_usec;       \
+               if ((vvp)->tv_usec < 0) {                               \
+                       (vvp)->tv_sec--;                                \
+                       (vvp)->tv_usec += 1000000;                      \
+               }                                                       \
+       } while (/* CONSTCOND */ 0)
+#endif
+
+#ifdef MKSH__NO_PATH_MAX
+#undef PATH_MAX
+#else
+#ifndef PATH_MAX
+#ifdef MAXPATHLEN
+#define PATH_MAX       MAXPATHLEN
+#else
+#define PATH_MAX       1024
+#endif
+#endif
+#endif
+#ifndef SIZE_MAX
+#ifdef SIZE_T_MAX
+#define SIZE_MAX       SIZE_T_MAX
+#else
+#define SIZE_MAX       ((size_t)-1)
+#endif
+#endif
+#ifndef S_ISLNK
+#define S_ISLNK(m)     ((m & 0170000) == 0120000)
+#endif
+#ifndef S_ISSOCK
+#define S_ISSOCK(m)    ((m & 0170000) == 0140000)
+#endif
+#if !defined(S_ISCDF) && defined(S_CDF)
+#define S_ISCDF(m)     (S_ISDIR(m) && ((m) & S_CDF))
+#endif
+#ifndef DEFFILEMODE
+#define DEFFILEMODE    (S_IRUSR|S_IWUSR|S_IRGRP|S_IWGRP|S_IROTH|S_IWOTH)
+#endif
+
+
+/* determine ksh_NSIG: first, use the traditional definitions */
+#undef ksh_NSIG
+#if defined(NSIG)
+#define ksh_NSIG (NSIG)
+#elif defined(_NSIG)
+#define ksh_NSIG (_NSIG)
+#elif defined(SIGMAX)
+#define ksh_NSIG (SIGMAX + 1)
+#elif defined(_SIGMAX)
+#define ksh_NSIG (_SIGMAX + 1)
+#elif defined(NSIG_MAX)
+#define ksh_NSIG (NSIG_MAX)
+#else
+# error Please have your platform define NSIG.
+#endif
+/* range-check them */
+#if (ksh_NSIG < 1)
+# error Your NSIG value is not positive.
+#undef ksh_NSIG
+#endif
+/* second, see if the new POSIX definition is available */
+#ifdef NSIG_MAX
+#if (NSIG_MAX < 2)
+/* and usable */
+# error Your NSIG_MAX value is too small.
+#undef NSIG_MAX
+#elif (ksh_NSIG > NSIG_MAX)
+/* and realistic */
+# error Your NSIG value is larger than your NSIG_MAX value.
+#undef NSIG_MAX
+#else
+/* since it’s usable, prefer it */
+#undef ksh_NSIG
+#define ksh_NSIG (NSIG_MAX)
+#endif
+/* if NSIG_MAX is now still defined, use sysconf(_SC_NSIG) at runtime */
+#endif
+/* third, for cpp without the error directive, default */
+#ifndef ksh_NSIG
+#define ksh_NSIG 64
+#endif
+
+#define ksh_sigmask(sig) (((sig) < 1 || (sig) > 127) ? 255 : 128 + (sig))
+
+
+/* OS-dependent additions (functions, variables, by OS) */
+
+#ifdef MKSH_EXE_EXT
+#undef MKSH_EXE_EXT
+#define MKSH_EXE_EXT   ".exe"
+#else
+#define MKSH_EXE_EXT   ""
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __OS2__
+#define MKSH_PATHSEPS  ";"
+#define MKSH_PATHSEPC  ';'
+#define MKSH_UNIXROOT  "/@unixroot"
+#else
+#define MKSH_PATHSEPS  ":"
+#define MKSH_PATHSEPC  ':'
+#define MKSH_UNIXROOT  ""
+#endif
+
+#if !HAVE_FLOCK_DECL
+extern int flock(int, int);
+#endif
+
+#if !HAVE_GETTIMEOFDAY
+#define mksh_TIME(tv) do {             \
+       (tv).tv_usec = 0;               \
+       (tv).tv_sec = time(NULL);       \
+} while (/* CONSTCOND */ 0)
+#else
+#define mksh_TIME(tv) gettimeofday(&(tv), NULL)
+#endif
+
+#if !HAVE_GETRUSAGE
+extern int getrusage(int, struct rusage *);
+#endif
+
+#if !HAVE_MEMMOVE
+/* we assume either memmove or bcopy exist, at the moment */
+#define memmove(dst, src, len) bcopy((src), (dst), (len))
+#endif
+
+#if !HAVE_REVOKE_DECL
+extern int revoke(const char *);
+#endif
+
+#if defined(DEBUG) || !HAVE_STRERROR
+#undef strerror
+#define strerror               /* poisoned */ dontuse_strerror
+#define cstrerror              /* replaced */ cstrerror
+extern const char *cstrerror(int);
+#else
+#define cstrerror(errnum)      ((const char *)strerror(errnum))
+#endif
+
+#if !HAVE_STRLCPY
+size_t strlcpy(char *, const char *, size_t);
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __INTERIX
+/* XXX imake style */
+#define makedev mkdev
+extern int __cdecl seteuid(uid_t);
+extern int __cdecl setegid(gid_t);
+#endif
+
+#if defined(__COHERENT__)
+#ifndef O_ACCMODE
+/* this need not work everywhere, take care */
+#define O_ACCMODE      (O_RDONLY | O_WRONLY | O_RDWR)
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#ifndef O_BINARY
+#define O_BINARY       0
+#endif
+
+#ifdef MKSH__NO_SYMLINK
+#undef S_ISLNK
+#define S_ISLNK(m)     (/* CONSTCOND */ 0)
+#define mksh_lstat     stat
+#else
+#define mksh_lstat     lstat
+#endif
+
+#if HAVE_TERMIOS_H
+#define mksh_ttyst     struct termios
+#define mksh_tcget(fd,st) tcgetattr((fd), (st))
+#define mksh_tcset(fd,st) tcsetattr((fd), TCSADRAIN, (st))
+#else
+#define mksh_ttyst     struct termio
+#define mksh_tcget(fd,st) ioctl((fd), TCGETA, (st))
+#define mksh_tcset(fd,st) ioctl((fd), TCSETAW, (st))
+#endif
+
+#ifndef ISTRIP
+#define ISTRIP         0
+#endif
+
+
+/* some useful #defines */
+#ifdef EXTERN
+# define E_INIT(i) = i
+#else
+# define E_INIT(i)
+# define EXTERN extern
+# define EXTERN_DEFINED
+#endif
+
+/* define bit in flag */
+#define BIT(i)         (1 << (i))
+#define NELEM(a)       (sizeof(a) / sizeof((a)[0]))
+
+/*
+ * Make MAGIC a char that might be printed to make bugs more obvious, but
+ * not a char that is used often. Also, can't use the high bit as it causes
+ * portability problems (calling strchr(x, 0x80 | 'x') is error prone).
+ */
+#define MAGIC          (7)     /* prefix for *?[!{,} during expand */
+#define ISMAGIC(c)     ((unsigned char)(c) == MAGIC)
+
+EXTERN const char *safe_prompt; /* safe prompt if PS1 substitution fails */
+
+#ifdef MKSH_LEGACY_MODE
+#define KSH_VERSIONNAME        "LEGACY"
+#else
+#define KSH_VERSIONNAME        "MIRBSD"
+#endif
+EXTERN const char initvsn[] E_INIT("KSH_VERSION=@(#)" KSH_VERSIONNAME \
+    " KSH " MKSH_VERSION);
+#define KSH_VERSION    (initvsn + /* "KSH_VERSION=@(#)" */ 16)
+
+EXTERN const char digits_uc[] E_INIT("0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ");
+EXTERN const char digits_lc[] E_INIT("0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz");
+#define letters_uc (digits_uc + 10)
+#define letters_lc (digits_lc + 10)
+
+/*
+ * Evil hack for const correctness due to API brokenness
+ */
+union mksh_cchack {
+       char *rw;
+       const char *ro;
+};
+union mksh_ccphack {
+       char **rw;
+       const char **ro;
+};
+
+/*
+ * Evil hack since casting uint to sint is implementation-defined
+ */
+typedef union {
+       mksh_ari_t i;
+       mksh_uari_t u;
+} mksh_ari_u;
+
+/* for const debugging */
+#if defined(DEBUG) && defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__ICC) && \
+    !defined(__INTEL_COMPILER) && !defined(__SUNPRO_C)
+char *ucstrchr(char *, int);
+char *ucstrstr(char *, const char *);
+#undef strchr
+#define strchr ucstrchr
+#define strstr ucstrstr
+#define cstrchr(s,c) ({                        \
+       union mksh_cchack in, out;      \
+                                       \
+       in.ro = (s);                    \
+       out.rw = ucstrchr(in.rw, (c));  \
+       (out.ro);                       \
+})
+#define cstrstr(b,l) ({                        \
+       union mksh_cchack in, out;      \
+                                       \
+       in.ro = (b);                    \
+       out.rw = ucstrstr(in.rw, (l));  \
+       (out.ro);                       \
+})
+#define vstrchr(s,c)   (cstrchr((s), (c)) != NULL)
+#define vstrstr(b,l)   (cstrstr((b), (l)) != NULL)
+#else /* !DEBUG, !gcc */
+#define cstrchr(s,c)   ((const char *)strchr((s), (c)))
+#define cstrstr(s,c)   ((const char *)strstr((s), (c)))
+#define vstrchr(s,c)   (strchr((s), (c)) != NULL)
+#define vstrstr(b,l)   (strstr((b), (l)) != NULL)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(DEBUG) || defined(__COVERITY__)
+#define mkssert(e)     do { if (!(e)) exit(255); } while (/* CONSTCOND */ 0)
+#ifndef DEBUG_LEAKS
+#define DEBUG_LEAKS
+#endif
+#else
+#define mkssert(e)     do { } while (/* CONSTCOND */ 0)
+#endif
+
+#if (!defined(MKSH_BUILDMAKEFILE4BSD) && !defined(MKSH_BUILDSH)) || (MKSH_BUILD_R != 523)
+#error Must run Build.sh to compile this.
+extern void thiswillneverbedefinedIhope(void);
+int
+im_sorry_dave(void)
+{
+       /* I’m sorry, Dave. I’m afraid I can’t do that. */
+       return (thiswillneverbedefinedIhope());
+}
+#endif
+
+/* use this ipv strchr(s, 0) but no side effects in s! */
+#define strnul(s)      ((s) + strlen(s))
+
+#define utf_ptradjx(src, dst) do {                                     \
+       (dst) = (src) + utf_ptradj(src);                                \
+} while (/* CONSTCOND */ 0)
+
+#if defined(MKSH_SMALL) && !defined(MKSH_SMALL_BUT_FAST)
+#define strdupx(d, s, ap) do {                                         \
+       (d) = strdup_i((s), (ap));                                      \
+} while (/* CONSTCOND */ 0)
+#define strndupx(d, s, n, ap) do {                                     \
+       (d) = strndup_i((s), (n), (ap));                                \
+} while (/* CONSTCOND */ 0)
+#else
+/* be careful to evaluate arguments only once! */
+#define strdupx(d, s, ap) do {                                         \
+       const char *strdup_src = (s);                                   \
+       char *strdup_dst = NULL;                                        \
+                                                                       \
+       if (strdup_src != NULL) {                                       \
+               size_t strdup_len = strlen(strdup_src) + 1;             \
+               strdup_dst = alloc(strdup_len, (ap));                   \
+               memcpy(strdup_dst, strdup_src, strdup_len);             \
+       }                                                               \
+       (d) = strdup_dst;                                               \
+} while (/* CONSTCOND */ 0)
+#define strndupx(d, s, n, ap) do {                                     \
+       const char *strdup_src = (s);                                   \
+       char *strdup_dst = NULL;                                        \
+                                                                       \
+       if (strdup_src != NULL) {                                       \
+               size_t strndup_len = (n);                               \
+               strdup_dst = alloc(strndup_len + 1, (ap));              \
+               memcpy(strdup_dst, strdup_src, strndup_len);            \
+               strdup_dst[strndup_len] = '\0';                         \
+       }                                                               \
+       (d) = strdup_dst;                                               \
+} while (/* CONSTCOND */ 0)
+#endif
+
+#ifdef MKSH_LEGACY_MODE
+#ifndef MKSH_NO_CMDLINE_EDITING
+#define MKSH_NO_CMDLINE_EDITING        /* defined */
+#endif
+#ifndef MKSH_CONSERVATIVE_FDS
+#define MKSH_CONSERVATIVE_FDS  /* defined */
+#endif
+#undef MKSH_S_NOVI
+#define MKSH_S_NOVI            1
+#endif
+
+#ifdef MKSH_SMALL
+#ifndef MKSH_CONSERVATIVE_FDS
+#define MKSH_CONSERVATIVE_FDS  /* defined */
+#endif
+#ifndef MKSH_NOPWNAM
+#define MKSH_NOPWNAM           /* defined */
+#endif
+#ifndef MKSH_S_NOVI
+#define MKSH_S_NOVI            1
+#endif
+#endif
+
+#ifndef MKSH_S_NOVI
+#define MKSH_S_NOVI            0
+#endif
+
+#if defined(MKSH_NOPROSPECTOFWORK) && !defined(MKSH_UNEMPLOYED)
+#define MKSH_UNEMPLOYED                1
+#endif
+
+/* these shall be smaller than 100 */
+#ifdef MKSH_CONSERVATIVE_FDS
+#define NUFILE         32      /* Number of user-accessible files */
+#define FDBASE         10      /* First file usable by Shell */
+#else
+#define NUFILE         56      /* Number of user-accessible files */
+#define FDBASE         24      /* First file usable by Shell */
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * simple grouping allocator
+ */
+
+
+/* 0. OS API: where to get memory from and how to free it (grouped) */
+
+/* malloc(3)/realloc(3) -> free(3) for use by the memory allocator */
+#define malloc_osi(sz)         malloc(sz)
+#define realloc_osi(p,sz)      realloc((p), (sz))
+#define free_osimalloc(p)      free(p)
+
+/* malloc(3)/realloc(3) -> free(3) for use by mksh code */
+#define malloc_osfunc(sz)      malloc(sz)
+#define realloc_osfunc(p,sz)   realloc((p), (sz))
+#define free_osfunc(p)         free(p)
+
+#if HAVE_MKNOD
+/* setmode(3) -> free(3) */
+#define free_ossetmode(p)      free(p)
+#endif
+
+#ifdef MKSH__NO_PATH_MAX
+/* GNU libc: get_current_dir_name(3) -> free(3) */
+#define free_gnu_gcdn(p)       free(p)
+#endif
+
+
+/* 1. internal structure */
+struct lalloc_common {
+       struct lalloc_common *next;
+};
+
+#ifdef MKSH_ALLOC_CATCH_UNDERRUNS
+struct lalloc_item {
+       struct lalloc_common *next;
+       size_t len;
+       char dummy[8192 - sizeof(struct lalloc_common *) - sizeof(size_t)];
+};
+#endif
+
+/* 2. sizes */
+#ifdef MKSH_ALLOC_CATCH_UNDERRUNS
+#define ALLOC_ITEM     struct lalloc_item
+#define ALLOC_OVERHEAD 0
+#else
+#define ALLOC_ITEM     struct lalloc_common
+#define ALLOC_OVERHEAD (sizeof(ALLOC_ITEM))
+#endif
+
+/* 3. group structure */
+typedef struct lalloc_common Area;
+
+
+EXTERN Area aperm;             /* permanent object space */
+#define APERM  &aperm
+#define ATEMP  &e->area
+
+/*
+ * flags (the order of these enums MUST match the order in misc.c(options[]))
+ */
+enum sh_flag {
+#define SHFLAGS_ENUMS
+#include "sh_flags.gen"
+       FNFLAGS         /* (place holder: how many flags are there) */
+};
+
+#define Flag(f)        (shell_flags[(int)(f)])
+#define UTFMODE        Flag(FUNICODE)
+
+/*
+ * parsing & execution environment
+ *
+ * note that kshlongjmp MUST NOT be passed 0 as second argument!
+ */
+#ifdef MKSH_NO_SIGSETJMP
+#define kshjmp_buf     jmp_buf
+#define kshsetjmp(jbuf)        _setjmp(jbuf)
+#define kshlongjmp     _longjmp
+#else
+#define kshjmp_buf     sigjmp_buf
+#define kshsetjmp(jbuf)        sigsetjmp((jbuf), 0)
+#define kshlongjmp     siglongjmp
+#endif
+
+struct sretrace_info;
+struct yyrecursive_state;
+
+EXTERN struct sretrace_info *retrace_info E_INIT(NULL);
+EXTERN int subshell_nesting_type E_INIT(0);
+
+extern struct env {
+       ALLOC_ITEM alloc_INT;   /* internal, do not touch */
+       Area area;              /* temporary allocation area */
+       struct env *oenv;       /* link to previous environment */
+       struct block *loc;      /* local variables and functions */
+       short *savefd;          /* original redirected fds */
+       struct temp *temps;     /* temp files */
+       /* saved parser recursion state */
+       struct yyrecursive_state *yyrecursive_statep;
+       kshjmp_buf jbuf;        /* long jump back to env creator */
+       uint8_t type;           /* environment type - see below */
+       uint8_t flags;          /* EF_* */
+} *e;
+
+/* struct env.type values */
+#define E_NONE 0       /* dummy environment */
+#define E_PARSE        1       /* parsing command # */
+#define E_FUNC 2       /* executing function # */
+#define E_INCL 3       /* including a file via . # */
+#define E_EXEC 4       /* executing command tree */
+#define E_LOOP 5       /* executing for/while # */
+#define E_ERRH 6       /* general error handler # */
+#define E_GONE 7       /* hidden in child */
+/* # indicates env has valid jbuf (see unwind()) */
+
+/* struct env.flag values */
+#define EF_BRKCONT_PASS        BIT(1)  /* set if E_LOOP must pass break/continue on */
+#define EF_FAKE_SIGDIE BIT(2)  /* hack to get info from unwind to quitenv */
+
+/* Do breaks/continues stop at env type e? */
+#define STOP_BRKCONT(t)        ((t) == E_NONE || (t) == E_PARSE || \
+                           (t) == E_FUNC || (t) == E_INCL)
+/* Do returns stop at env type e? */
+#define STOP_RETURN(t) ((t) == E_FUNC || (t) == E_INCL)
+
+/* values for kshlongjmp(e->jbuf, i) */
+/* note that i MUST NOT be zero */
+#define LRETURN        1       /* return statement */
+#define LEXIT  2       /* exit statement */
+#define LERROR 3       /* errorf() called */
+#define LLEAVE 4       /* untrappable exit/error */
+#define LINTR  5       /* ^C noticed */
+#define LBREAK 6       /* break statement */
+#define LCONTIN        7       /* continue statement */
+#define LSHELL 8       /* return to interactive shell() */
+#define LAEXPR 9       /* error in arithmetic expression */
+
+/* sort of shell global state */
+EXTERN pid_t procpid;          /* PID of executing process */
+EXTERN int exstat;             /* exit status */
+EXTERN int subst_exstat;       /* exit status of last $(..)/`..` */
+EXTERN struct tbl *vp_pipest;  /* global PIPESTATUS array */
+EXTERN short trap_exstat;      /* exit status before running a trap */
+EXTERN uint8_t trap_nested;    /* running nested traps */
+EXTERN uint8_t shell_flags[FNFLAGS];
+EXTERN const char *kshname;    /* $0 */
+EXTERN struct {
+       uid_t kshuid_v;         /* real UID of shell */
+       uid_t ksheuid_v;        /* effective UID of shell */
+       gid_t kshgid_v;         /* real GID of shell */
+       gid_t kshegid_v;        /* effective GID of shell */
+       pid_t kshpgrp_v;        /* process group of shell */
+       pid_t kshppid_v;        /* PID of parent of shell */
+       pid_t kshpid_v;         /* $$, shell PID */
+} rndsetupstate;
+
+#define kshpid         rndsetupstate.kshpid_v
+#define kshpgrp                rndsetupstate.kshpgrp_v
+#define kshuid         rndsetupstate.kshuid_v
+#define ksheuid                rndsetupstate.ksheuid_v
+#define kshgid         rndsetupstate.kshgid_v
+#define kshegid                rndsetupstate.kshegid_v
+#define kshppid                rndsetupstate.kshppid_v
+
+
+/* option processing */
+#define OF_CMDLINE     0x01    /* command line */
+#define OF_SET         0x02    /* set builtin */
+#define OF_SPECIAL     0x04    /* a special variable changing */
+#define OF_INTERNAL    0x08    /* set internally by shell */
+#define OF_FIRSTTIME   0x10    /* as early as possible, once */
+#define OF_ANY         (OF_CMDLINE | OF_SET | OF_SPECIAL | OF_INTERNAL)
+
+/* trust GCC to have string pooling; -Wformat bitches otherwise */
+/*XXX TODO: make this with a .gen file plus not imake-style */
+
+/* null value for variable; comparison pointer for unset */
+EXTERN char null[] E_INIT("");
+/* helpers for string pooling */
+#if defined(__GNUC__)
+#define Tsynerr                "syntax error"
+#define Tintovfl       "integer overflow %zu %c %zu prevented"
+#define Toomem         "can't allocate %zu data bytes"
+#else
+EXTERN const char Tintovfl[] E_INIT("integer overflow %zu %c %zu prevented");
+EXTERN const char Toomem[] E_INIT("can't allocate %zu data bytes");
+EXTERN const char Tsynerr[] E_INIT("syntax error");
+#endif
+EXTERN const char Tselect[] E_INIT("select");
+EXTERN const char T_typeset[] E_INIT("=typeset");
+#define Ttypeset       (T_typeset + 1)         /* "typeset" */
+EXTERN const char Talias[] E_INIT("alias");
+EXTERN const char Tunalias[] E_INIT("unalias");
+EXTERN const char Tcat[] E_INIT("cat");
+#ifdef __OS2__
+EXTERN const char Textproc[] E_INIT("extproc");
+#endif
+#ifdef MKSH_PRINTF_BUILTIN
+EXTERN const char Tprintf[] E_INIT("printf");
+#endif
+EXTERN const char Tsgset[] E_INIT("*=set");
+#define Tset           (Tsgset + 2)            /* "set" */
+EXTERN const char Tsgexport[] E_INIT("*=export");
+#define Texport                (Tsgexport + 2)         /* "export" */
+EXTERN const char Tsgreadonly[] E_INIT("*=readonly");
+#define Treadonly      (Tsgreadonly + 2)       /* "readonly" */
+EXTERN const char Tgbuiltin[] E_INIT("=builtin");
+#define Tbuiltin       (Tgbuiltin + 1)         /* "builtin" */
+EXTERN const char T_function[] E_INIT(" function");
+#define Tfunction      (T_function + 1)        /* "function" */
+EXTERN const char T_funny_command[] E_INIT("funny $() command");
+#define Tcommand       (T_funny_command + 10)  /* "command" */
+#if defined(__GNUC__)
+#define Tfg_badsubst   "fileglob: bad substitution"
+#else
+EXTERN const char Tfg_badsubst[] E_INIT("fileglob: bad substitution");
+#endif
+#define Tbadsubst      (Tfg_badsubst + 10)     /* "bad substitution" */
+EXTERN const char TC_LEX1[] E_INIT("|&;<>() \t\n");
+#define TC_IFSWS       (TC_LEX1 + 7)           /* space tab newline */
+
+typedef uint8_t Temp_type;
+/* expanded heredoc */
+#define TT_HEREDOC_EXP 0
+/* temporary file used for history editing (fc -e) */
+#define TT_HIST_EDIT   1
+/* temporary file used during in-situ command substitution */
+#define TT_FUNSUB      2
+
+/* temp/heredoc files. The file is removed when the struct is freed. */
+struct temp {
+       struct temp *next;
+       struct shf *shf;
+       /* pid of process parsed here-doc */
+       pid_t pid;
+       Temp_type type;
+       /* actually longer: name (variable length) */
+       char tffn[3];
+};
+
+/*
+ * stdio and our IO routines
+ */
+
+#define shl_xtrace     (&shf_iob[0])   /* for set -x */
+#define shl_stdout     (&shf_iob[1])
+#define shl_out                (&shf_iob[2])
+#ifdef DF
+#define shl_dbg                (&shf_iob[3])   /* for DF() */
+#endif
+EXTERN bool shl_stdout_ok;
+
+/*
+ * trap handlers
+ */
+typedef struct trap {
+       const char *name;       /* short name */
+       const char *mess;       /* descriptive name */
+       char *trap;             /* trap command */
+       sig_t cursig;           /* current handler (valid if TF_ORIG_* set) */
+       sig_t shtrap;           /* shell signal handler */
+       int signal;             /* signal number */
+       int flags;              /* TF_* */
+       volatile sig_atomic_t set; /* trap pending */
+} Trap;
+
+/* values for Trap.flags */
+#define TF_SHELL_USES  BIT(0)  /* shell uses signal, user can't change */
+#define TF_USER_SET    BIT(1)  /* user has (tried to) set trap */
+#define TF_ORIG_IGN    BIT(2)  /* original action was SIG_IGN */
+#define TF_ORIG_DFL    BIT(3)  /* original action was SIG_DFL */
+#define TF_EXEC_IGN    BIT(4)  /* restore SIG_IGN just before exec */
+#define TF_EXEC_DFL    BIT(5)  /* restore SIG_DFL just before exec */
+#define TF_DFL_INTR    BIT(6)  /* when received, default action is LINTR */
+#define TF_TTY_INTR    BIT(7)  /* tty generated signal (see j_waitj) */
+#define TF_CHANGED     BIT(8)  /* used by runtrap() to detect trap changes */
+#define TF_FATAL       BIT(9)  /* causes termination if not trapped */
+
+/* values for setsig()/setexecsig() flags argument */
+#define SS_RESTORE_MASK        0x3     /* how to restore a signal before an exec() */
+#define SS_RESTORE_CURR        0       /* leave current handler in place */
+#define SS_RESTORE_ORIG        1       /* restore original handler */
+#define SS_RESTORE_DFL 2       /* restore to SIG_DFL */
+#define SS_RESTORE_IGN 3       /* restore to SIG_IGN */
+#define SS_FORCE       BIT(3)  /* set signal even if original signal ignored */
+#define SS_USER                BIT(4)  /* user is doing the set (ie, trap command) */
+#define SS_SHTRAP      BIT(5)  /* trap for internal use (ALRM, CHLD, WINCH) */
+
+#define ksh_SIGEXIT 0          /* for trap EXIT */
+#define ksh_SIGERR  ksh_NSIG   /* for trap ERR */
+
+EXTERN volatile sig_atomic_t trap;     /* traps pending? */
+EXTERN volatile sig_atomic_t intrsig;  /* pending trap interrupts command */
+EXTERN volatile sig_atomic_t fatal_trap; /* received a fatal signal */
+extern Trap sigtraps[ksh_NSIG + 1];
+
+/* got_winch = 1 when we need to re-adjust the window size */
+#ifdef SIGWINCH
+EXTERN volatile sig_atomic_t got_winch E_INIT(1);
+#else
+#define got_winch      true
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * TMOUT support
+ */
+/* values for ksh_tmout_state */
+enum tmout_enum {
+       TMOUT_EXECUTING = 0,    /* executing commands */
+       TMOUT_READING,          /* waiting for input */
+       TMOUT_LEAVING           /* have timed out */
+};
+EXTERN unsigned int ksh_tmout;
+EXTERN enum tmout_enum ksh_tmout_state E_INIT(TMOUT_EXECUTING);
+
+/* For "You have stopped jobs" message */
+EXTERN bool really_exit;
+
+/*
+ * fast character classes
+ */
+#define C_ALPHA         BIT(0)         /* a-z_A-Z */
+#define C_DIGIT         BIT(1)         /* 0-9 */
+#define C_LEX1  BIT(2)         /* \t \n\0|&;<>() */
+#define C_VAR1  BIT(3)         /* *@#!$-? */
+#define C_IFSWS         BIT(4)         /* \t \n (IFS white space) */
+#define C_SUBOP1 BIT(5)                /* "=-+?" */
+#define C_QUOTE         BIT(6)         /* \t\n "#$&'()*;<=>?[\]`| (needing quoting) */
+#define C_IFS   BIT(7)         /* $IFS */
+#define C_SUBOP2 BIT(8)                /* "#%" (magic, see below) */
+
+extern unsigned char chtypes[];
+
+#define ctype(c, t)    tobool( ((t) == C_SUBOP2) ?                     \
+                           (((c) == '#' || (c) == '%') ? 1 : 0) :      \
+                           (chtypes[(unsigned char)(c)] & (t)) )
+#define ord(c)         ((int)(unsigned char)(c))
+#define ksh_isalphx(c) ctype((c), C_ALPHA)
+#define ksh_isalnux(c) ctype((c), C_ALPHA | C_DIGIT)
+#define ksh_isdigit(c) (((c) >= '0') && ((c) <= '9'))
+#define ksh_islower(c) (((c) >= 'a') && ((c) <= 'z'))
+#define ksh_isupper(c) (((c) >= 'A') && ((c) <= 'Z'))
+#define ksh_tolower(c) (ksh_isupper(c) ? (c) - 'A' + 'a' : (c))
+#define ksh_toupper(c) (ksh_islower(c) ? (c) - 'a' + 'A' : (c))
+#define ksh_isdash(s)  (((s)[0] == '-') && ((s)[1] == '\0'))
+#define ksh_isspace(c) ((((c) >= 0x09) && ((c) <= 0x0D)) || ((c) == 0x20))
+#define ksh_eq(c,u,l)  (((c) | 0x20) == (l))
+#define ksh_numdig(c)  ((c) - ord('0'))
+#define ksh_numuc(c)   ((c) - ord('A'))
+#define ksh_numlc(c)   ((c) - ord('a'))
+
+EXTERN int ifs0 E_INIT(' ');   /* for "$*" */
+
+/* Argument parsing for built-in commands and getopts command */
+
+/* Values for Getopt.flags */
+#define GF_ERROR       BIT(0)  /* call errorf() if there is an error */
+#define GF_PLUSOPT     BIT(1)  /* allow +c as an option */
+#define GF_NONAME      BIT(2)  /* don't print argv[0] in errors */
+
+/* Values for Getopt.info */
+#define GI_MINUS       BIT(0)  /* an option started with -... */
+#define GI_PLUS                BIT(1)  /* an option started with +... */
+#define GI_MINUSMINUS  BIT(2)  /* arguments were ended with -- */
+
+/* in case some OS defines these */
+#undef optarg
+#undef optind
+
+typedef struct {
+       const char *optarg;
+       int optind;
+       int uoptind;            /* what user sees in $OPTIND */
+       int flags;              /* see GF_* */
+       int info;               /* see GI_* */
+       unsigned int p;         /* 0 or index into argv[optind - 1] */
+       char buf[2];            /* for bad option OPTARG value */
+} Getopt;
+
+EXTERN Getopt builtin_opt;     /* for shell builtin commands */
+EXTERN Getopt user_opt;                /* parsing state for getopts builtin command */
+
+/* This for co-processes */
+
+/* something that won't (realisticly) wrap */
+typedef int Coproc_id;
+
+struct coproc {
+       void *job;      /* 0 or job of co-process using input pipe */
+       int read;       /* pipe from co-process's stdout */
+       int readw;      /* other side of read (saved temporarily) */
+       int write;      /* pipe to co-process's stdin */
+       int njobs;      /* number of live jobs using output pipe */
+       Coproc_id id;   /* id of current output pipe */
+};
+EXTERN struct coproc coproc;
+
+#ifndef MKSH_NOPROSPECTOFWORK
+/* used in jobs.c and by coprocess stuff in exec.c and select() calls */
+EXTERN sigset_t                sm_default, sm_sigchld;
+#endif
+
+/* name of called builtin function (used by error functions) */
+EXTERN const char *builtin_argv0;
+/* is called builtin SPEC_BI? (also KEEPASN, odd use though) */
+EXTERN bool builtin_spec;
+
+/* current working directory */
+EXTERN char    *current_wd;
+
+/* input line size */
+#define LINE           (4096 - ALLOC_OVERHEAD)
+/*
+ * Minimum required space to work with on a line - if the prompt leaves
+ * less space than this on a line, the prompt is truncated.
+ */
+#define MIN_EDIT_SPACE 7
+/*
+ * Minimum allowed value for x_cols: 2 for prompt, 3 for " < " at end of line
+ */
+#define MIN_COLS       (2 + MIN_EDIT_SPACE + 3)
+#define MIN_LINS       3
+EXTERN mksh_ari_t x_cols E_INIT(80);   /* tty columns */
+EXTERN mksh_ari_t x_lins E_INIT(24);   /* tty lines */
+
+
+/* Determine the location of the system (common) profile */
+
+#ifndef MKSH_DEFAULT_PROFILEDIR
+#define MKSH_DEFAULT_PROFILEDIR        "/etc"
+#endif
+
+#define MKSH_SYSTEM_PROFILE    MKSH_DEFAULT_PROFILEDIR "/profile"
+#define MKSH_SUID_PROFILE      MKSH_DEFAULT_PROFILEDIR "/suid_profile"
+
+
+/* Used by v_evaluate() and setstr() to control action when error occurs */
+#define KSH_UNWIND_ERROR       0       /* unwind the stack (kshlongjmp) */
+#define KSH_RETURN_ERROR       1       /* return 1/0 for success/failure */
+
+/*
+ * Shell file I/O routines
+ */
+
+#define SHF_BSIZE              512
+
+#define shf_fileno(shf)                ((shf)->fd)
+#define shf_setfileno(shf,nfd) ((shf)->fd = (nfd))
+#define shf_getc_i(shf)                ((shf)->rnleft > 0 ? \
+                                   (shf)->rnleft--, *(shf)->rp++ : \
+                                   shf_getchar(shf))
+#define shf_putc_i(c, shf)     ((shf)->wnleft == 0 ? \
+                                   shf_putchar((c), (shf)) : \
+                                   ((shf)->wnleft--, *(shf)->wp++ = (c)))
+#define shf_eof(shf)           ((shf)->flags & SHF_EOF)
+#define shf_error(shf)         ((shf)->flags & SHF_ERROR)
+#define shf_errno(shf)         ((shf)->errnosv)
+#define shf_clearerr(shf)      ((shf)->flags &= ~(SHF_EOF | SHF_ERROR))
+
+/* Flags passed to shf_*open() */
+#define SHF_RD         0x0001
+#define SHF_WR         0x0002
+#define SHF_RDWR       (SHF_RD|SHF_WR)
+#define SHF_ACCMODE    0x0003          /* mask */
+#define SHF_GETFL      0x0004          /* use fcntl() to figure RD/WR flags */
+#define SHF_UNBUF      0x0008          /* unbuffered I/O */
+#define SHF_CLEXEC     0x0010          /* set close on exec flag */
+#define SHF_MAPHI      0x0020          /* make fd > FDBASE (and close orig)
+                                        * (shf_open() only) */
+#define SHF_DYNAMIC    0x0040          /* string: increase buffer as needed */
+#define SHF_INTERRUPT  0x0080          /* EINTR in read/write causes error */
+/* Flags used internally */
+#define SHF_STRING     0x0100          /* a string, not a file */
+#define SHF_ALLOCS     0x0200          /* shf and shf->buf were alloc()ed */
+#define SHF_ALLOCB     0x0400          /* shf->buf was alloc()ed */
+#define SHF_ERROR      0x0800          /* read()/write() error */
+#define SHF_EOF                0x1000          /* read eof (sticky) */
+#define SHF_READING    0x2000          /* currently reading: rnleft,rp valid */
+#define SHF_WRITING    0x4000          /* currently writing: wnleft,wp valid */
+
+
+struct shf {
+       Area *areap;            /* area shf/buf were allocated in */
+       unsigned char *rp;      /* read: current position in buffer */
+       unsigned char *wp;      /* write: current position in buffer */
+       unsigned char *buf;     /* buffer */
+       ssize_t bsize;          /* actual size of buf */
+       ssize_t rbsize;         /* size of buffer (1 if SHF_UNBUF) */
+       ssize_t rnleft;         /* read: how much data left in buffer */
+       ssize_t wbsize;         /* size of buffer (0 if SHF_UNBUF) */
+       ssize_t wnleft;         /* write: how much space left in buffer */
+       int flags;              /* see SHF_* */
+       int fd;                 /* file descriptor */
+       int errnosv;            /* saved value of errno after error */
+};
+
+extern struct shf shf_iob[];
+
+struct table {
+       Area *areap;            /* area to allocate entries */
+       struct tbl **tbls;      /* hashed table items */
+       size_t nfree;           /* free table entries */
+       uint8_t tshift;         /* table size (2^tshift) */
+};
+
+/* table item */
+struct tbl {
+       /* Area to allocate from */
+       Area *areap;
+       /* value */
+       union {
+               char *s;                        /* string */
+               mksh_ari_t i;                   /* integer */
+               mksh_uari_t u;                  /* unsigned integer */
+               int (*f)(const char **);        /* built-in command */
+               struct op *t;                   /* "function" tree */
+       } val;
+       union {
+               struct tbl *array;      /* array values */
+               const char *fpath;      /* temporary path to undef function */
+       } u;
+       union {
+               int field;              /* field with for -L/-R/-Z */
+               int errnov;             /* CEXEC/CTALIAS */
+       } u2;
+       union {
+               uint32_t hval;          /* hash(name) */
+               uint32_t index;         /* index for an array */
+       } ua;
+       /*
+        * command type (see below), base (if INTEGER),
+        * offset from val.s of value (if EXPORT)
+        */
+       int type;
+       /* flags (see below) */
+       uint32_t flag;
+
+       /* actually longer: name (variable length) */
+       char name[4];
+};
+
+EXTERN struct tbl *vtemp;
+/* set by global() and local() */
+EXTERN bool last_lookup_was_array;
+
+/* common flag bits */
+#define ALLOC          BIT(0)  /* val.s has been allocated */
+#define DEFINED                BIT(1)  /* is defined in block */
+#define ISSET          BIT(2)  /* has value, vp->val.[si] */
+#define EXPORT         BIT(3)  /* exported variable/function */
+#define TRACE          BIT(4)  /* var: user flagged, func: execution tracing */
+/* (start non-common flags at 8) */
+/* flag bits used for variables */
+#define SPECIAL                BIT(8)  /* PATH, IFS, SECONDS, etc */
+#define INTEGER                BIT(9)  /* val.i contains integer value */
+#define RDONLY         BIT(10) /* read-only variable */
+#define LOCAL          BIT(11) /* for local typeset() */
+#define ARRAY          BIT(13) /* array */
+#define LJUST          BIT(14) /* left justify */
+#define RJUST          BIT(15) /* right justify */
+#define ZEROFIL                BIT(16) /* 0 filled if RJUSTIFY, strip 0s if LJUSTIFY */
+#define LCASEV         BIT(17) /* convert to lower case */
+#define UCASEV_AL      BIT(18) /* convert to upper case / autoload function */
+#define INT_U          BIT(19) /* unsigned integer */
+#define INT_L          BIT(20) /* long integer (no-op but used as magic) */
+#define IMPORT         BIT(21) /* flag to typeset(): no arrays, must have = */
+#define LOCAL_COPY     BIT(22) /* with LOCAL - copy attrs from existing var */
+#define EXPRINEVAL     BIT(23) /* contents currently being evaluated */
+#define EXPRLVALUE     BIT(24) /* useable as lvalue (temp flag) */
+#define AINDEX         BIT(25) /* array index >0 = ua.index filled in */
+#define ASSOC          BIT(26) /* ARRAY ? associative : reference */
+/* flag bits used for taliases/builtins/aliases/keywords/functions */
+#define KEEPASN                BIT(8)  /* keep command assignments (eg, var=x cmd) */
+#define FINUSE         BIT(9)  /* function being executed */
+#define FDELETE                BIT(10) /* function deleted while it was executing */
+#define FKSH           BIT(11) /* function defined with function x (vs x()) */
+#define SPEC_BI                BIT(12) /* a POSIX special builtin */
+/*
+ * Attributes that can be set by the user (used to decide if an unset
+ * param should be repoted by set/typeset). Does not include ARRAY or
+ * LOCAL.
+ */
+#define USERATTRIB     (EXPORT|INTEGER|RDONLY|LJUST|RJUST|ZEROFIL|\
+                           LCASEV|UCASEV_AL|INT_U|INT_L)
+
+#define arrayindex(vp) ((unsigned long)((vp)->flag & AINDEX ? \
+                           (vp)->ua.index : 0))
+
+enum namerefflag {
+       SRF_NOP,
+       SRF_ENABLE,
+       SRF_DISABLE
+};
+
+/* command types */
+#define CNONE          0       /* undefined */
+#define CSHELL         1       /* built-in */
+#define CFUNC          2       /* function */
+#define CEXEC          4       /* executable command */
+#define CALIAS         5       /* alias */
+#define CKEYWD         6       /* keyword */
+#define CTALIAS                7       /* tracked alias */
+
+/* Flags for findcom()/comexec() */
+#define FC_SPECBI      BIT(0)  /* special builtin */
+#define FC_FUNC                BIT(1)  /* function */
+#define FC_NORMBI      BIT(2)  /* not special builtin */
+#define FC_BI          (FC_SPECBI | FC_NORMBI)
+#define FC_PATH                BIT(3)  /* do path search */
+#define FC_DEFPATH     BIT(4)  /* use default path in path search */
+#define FC_WHENCE      BIT(5)  /* for use by command and whence */
+
+#define AF_ARGV_ALLOC  0x1     /* argv[] array allocated */
+#define AF_ARGS_ALLOCED        0x2     /* argument strings allocated */
+#define AI_ARGV(a, i)  ((i) == 0 ? (a).argv[0] : (a).argv[(i) - (a).skip])
+#define AI_ARGC(a)     ((a).ai_argc - (a).skip)
+
+/* Argument info. Used for $#, $* for shell, functions, includes, etc. */
+struct arg_info {
+       const char **argv;
+       int flags;      /* AF_* */
+       int ai_argc;
+       int skip;       /* first arg is argv[0], second is argv[1 + skip] */
+};
+
+/*
+ * activation record for function blocks
+ */
+struct block {
+       Area area;              /* area to allocate things */
+       const char **argv;
+       char *error;            /* error handler */
+       char *exit;             /* exit handler */
+       struct block *next;     /* enclosing block */
+       struct table vars;      /* local variables */
+       struct table funs;      /* local functions */
+       Getopt getopts_state;
+       int argc;
+       int flags;              /* see BF_* */
+};
+
+/* Values for struct block.flags */
+#define BF_DOGETOPTS   BIT(0)  /* save/restore getopts state */
+#define BF_STOPENV     BIT(1)  /* do not export further */
+
+/*
+ * Used by ktwalk() and ktnext() routines.
+ */
+struct tstate {
+       struct tbl **next;
+       ssize_t left;
+};
+
+EXTERN struct table taliases;  /* tracked aliases */
+EXTERN struct table builtins;  /* built-in commands */
+EXTERN struct table aliases;   /* aliases */
+EXTERN struct table keywords;  /* keywords */
+#ifndef MKSH_NOPWNAM
+EXTERN struct table homedirs;  /* homedir() cache */
+#endif
+
+struct builtin {
+       const char *name;
+       int (*func)(const char **);
+};
+
+extern const struct builtin mkshbuiltins[];
+
+/* values for set_prompt() */
+#define PS1    0       /* command */
+#define PS2    1       /* command continuation */
+
+EXTERN char *path;             /* copy of either PATH or def_path */
+EXTERN const char *def_path;   /* path to use if PATH not set */
+EXTERN char *tmpdir;           /* TMPDIR value */
+EXTERN const char *prompt;
+EXTERN uint8_t cur_prompt;     /* PS1 or PS2 */
+EXTERN int current_lineno;     /* LINENO value */
+
+/*
+ * Description of a command or an operation on commands.
+ */
+struct op {
+       const char **args;              /* arguments to a command */
+       char **vars;                    /* variable assignments */
+       struct ioword **ioact;          /* IO actions (eg, < > >>) */
+       struct op *left, *right;        /* descendents */
+       char *str;                      /* word for case; identifier for for,
+                                        * select, and functions;
+                                        * path to execute for TEXEC;
+                                        * time hook for TCOM.
+                                        */
+       int lineno;                     /* TCOM/TFUNC: LINENO for this */
+       short type;                     /* operation type, see below */
+       /* WARNING: newtp(), tcopy() use evalflags = 0 to clear union */
+       union {
+               /* TCOM: arg expansion eval() flags */
+               short evalflags;
+               /* TFUNC: function x (vs x()) */
+               short ksh_func;
+               /* TPAT: termination character */
+               char charflag;
+       } u;
+};
+
+/* Tree.type values */
+#define TEOF           0
+#define TCOM           1       /* command */
+#define TPAREN         2       /* (c-list) */
+#define TPIPE          3       /* a | b */
+#define TLIST          4       /* a ; b */
+#define TOR            5       /* || */
+#define TAND           6       /* && */
+#define TBANG          7       /* ! */
+#define TDBRACKET      8       /* [[ .. ]] */
+#define TFOR           9
+#define TSELECT                10
+#define TCASE          11
+#define TIF            12
+#define TWHILE         13
+#define TUNTIL         14
+#define TELIF          15
+#define TPAT           16      /* pattern in case */
+#define TBRACE         17      /* {c-list} */
+#define TASYNC         18      /* c & */
+#define TFUNCT         19      /* function name { command; } */
+#define TTIME          20      /* time pipeline */
+#define TEXEC          21      /* fork/exec eval'd TCOM */
+#define TCOPROC                22      /* coprocess |& */
+
+/*
+ * prefix codes for words in command tree
+ */
+#define EOS    0       /* end of string */
+#define CHAR   1       /* unquoted character */
+#define QCHAR  2       /* quoted character */
+#define COMSUB 3       /* $() substitution (0 terminated) */
+#define EXPRSUB        4       /* $(()) substitution (0 terminated) */
+#define OQUOTE 5       /* opening " or ' */
+#define CQUOTE 6       /* closing " or ' */
+#define OSUBST 7       /* opening ${ subst (followed by { or X) */
+#define CSUBST 8       /* closing } of above (followed by } or X) */
+#define OPAT   9       /* open pattern: *(, @(, etc. */
+#define SPAT   10      /* separate pattern: | */
+#define CPAT   11      /* close pattern: ) */
+#define ADELIM 12      /* arbitrary delimiter: ${foo:2:3} ${foo/bar/baz} */
+#define FUNSUB 14      /* ${ foo;} substitution (NUL terminated) */
+#define VALSUB 15      /* ${|foo;} substitution (NUL terminated) */
+
+/*
+ * IO redirection
+ */
+struct ioword {
+       char *ioname;           /* filename (unused if heredoc) */
+       char *delim;            /* delimiter for <<, <<- */
+       char *heredoc;          /* content of heredoc */
+       unsigned short ioflag;  /* action (below) */
+       short unit;             /* unit (fd) affected */
+};
+
+/* ioword.flag - type of redirection */
+#define IOTYPE         0xF     /* type: bits 0:3 */
+#define IOREAD         0x1     /* < */
+#define IOWRITE                0x2     /* > */
+#define IORDWR         0x3     /* <>: todo */
+#define IOHERE         0x4     /* << (here file) */
+#define IOCAT          0x5     /* >> */
+#define IODUP          0x6     /* <&/>& */
+#define IOEVAL         BIT(4)  /* expand in << */
+#define IOSKIP         BIT(5)  /* <<-, skip ^\t* */
+#define IOCLOB         BIT(6)  /* >|, override -o noclobber */
+#define IORDUP         BIT(7)  /* x<&y (as opposed to x>&y) */
+#define IONAMEXP       BIT(8)  /* name has been expanded */
+#define IOBASH         BIT(9)  /* &> etc. */
+#define IOHERESTR      BIT(10) /* <<< (here string) */
+#define IONDELIM       BIT(11) /* null delimiter (<<) */
+
+/* execute/exchild flags */
+#define XEXEC  BIT(0)          /* execute without forking */
+#define XFORK  BIT(1)          /* fork before executing */
+#define XBGND  BIT(2)          /* command & */
+#define XPIPEI BIT(3)          /* input is pipe */
+#define XPIPEO BIT(4)          /* output is pipe */
+#define XXCOM  BIT(5)          /* `...` command */
+#define XPCLOSE        BIT(6)          /* exchild: close close_fd in parent */
+#define XCCLOSE        BIT(7)          /* exchild: close close_fd in child */
+#define XERROK BIT(8)          /* non-zero exit ok (for set -e) */
+#define XCOPROC BIT(9)         /* starting a co-process */
+#define XTIME  BIT(10)         /* timing TCOM command */
+#define XPIPEST        BIT(11)         /* want PIPESTATUS */
+
+/*
+ * flags to control expansion of words (assumed by t->evalflags to fit
+ * in a short)
+ */
+#define DOBLANK        BIT(0)          /* perform blank interpretation */
+#define DOGLOB BIT(1)          /* expand [?* */
+#define DOPAT  BIT(2)          /* quote *?[ */
+#define DOTILDE        BIT(3)          /* normal ~ expansion (first char) */
+#define DONTRUNCOMMAND BIT(4)  /* do not run $(command) things */
+#define DOASNTILDE BIT(5)      /* assignment ~ expansion (after =, :) */
+#define DOBRACE BIT(6)         /* used by expand(): do brace expansion */
+#define DOMAGIC BIT(7)         /* used by expand(): string contains MAGIC */
+#define DOTEMP BIT(8)          /* dito: in word part of ${..[%#=?]..} */
+#define DOVACHECK BIT(9)       /* var assign check (for typeset, set, etc) */
+#define DOMARKDIRS BIT(10)     /* force markdirs behaviour */
+#define DOTCOMEXEC BIT(11)     /* not an eval flag, used by sh -c hack */
+#define DOSCALAR BIT(12)       /* change field handling to non-list context */
+#define DOHEREDOC BIT(13)      /* change scalar handling to heredoc body */
+#define DOHERESTR BIT(14)      /* append a newline char */
+
+#define X_EXTRA        20      /* this many extra bytes in X string */
+
+typedef struct XString {
+       char *end, *beg;        /* end, begin of string */
+       size_t len;             /* length */
+       Area *areap;            /* area to allocate/free from */
+} XString;
+
+typedef char *XStringP;
+
+/* initialise expandable string */
+#define XinitN(xs, length, area) do {                          \
+       (xs).len = (length);                                    \
+       (xs).areap = (area);                                    \
+       (xs).beg = alloc((xs).len + X_EXTRA, (xs).areap);       \
+       (xs).end = (xs).beg + (xs).len;                         \
+} while (/* CONSTCOND */ 0)
+#define Xinit(xs, xp, length, area) do {                       \
+       XinitN((xs), (length), (area));                         \
+       (xp) = (xs).beg;                                        \
+} while (/* CONSTCOND */ 0)
+
+/* stuff char into string */
+#define Xput(xs, xp, c)        (*xp++ = (c))
+
+/* check if there are at least n bytes left */
+#define XcheckN(xs, xp, n) do {                                        \
+       ssize_t more = ((xp) + (n)) - (xs).end;                 \
+       if (more > 0)                                           \
+               (xp) = Xcheck_grow(&(xs), (xp), (size_t)more);  \
+} while (/* CONSTCOND */ 0)
+
+/* check for overflow, expand string */
+#define Xcheck(xs, xp) XcheckN((xs), (xp), 1)
+
+/* free string */
+#define Xfree(xs, xp)  afree((xs).beg, (xs).areap)
+
+/* close, return string */
+#define Xclose(xs, xp) aresize((xs).beg, (xp) - (xs).beg, (xs).areap)
+
+/* begin of string */
+#define Xstring(xs, xp)        ((xs).beg)
+
+#define Xnleft(xs, xp) ((xs).end - (xp))       /* may be less than 0 */
+#define Xlength(xs, xp)        ((xp) - (xs).beg)
+#define Xsize(xs, xp)  ((xs).end - (xs).beg)
+#define Xsavepos(xs, xp)       ((xp) - (xs).beg)
+#define Xrestpos(xs, xp, n)    ((xs).beg + (n))
+
+char *Xcheck_grow(XString *, const char *, size_t);
+
+/*
+ * expandable vector of generic pointers
+ */
+
+typedef struct {
+       /* begin of allocated area */
+       void **beg;
+       /* currently used number of entries */
+       size_t len;
+       /* allocated number of entries */
+       size_t siz;
+} XPtrV;
+
+#define XPinit(x, n)   do {                                    \
+       (x).siz = (n);                                          \
+       (x).len = 0;                                            \
+       (x).beg = alloc2((x).siz, sizeof(void *), ATEMP);       \
+} while (/* CONSTCOND */ 0)                                    \
+
+#define XPput(x, p)    do {                                    \
+       if ((x).len == (x).siz) {                               \
+               (x).beg = aresize2((x).beg, (x).siz,            \
+                   2 * sizeof(void *), ATEMP);                 \
+               (x).siz <<= 1;                                  \
+       }                                                       \
+       (x).beg[(x).len++] = (p);                               \
+} while (/* CONSTCOND */ 0)
+
+#define XPptrv(x)      ((x).beg)
+#define XPsize(x)      ((x).len)
+#define XPclose(x)     aresize2((x).beg, XPsize(x), sizeof(void *), ATEMP)
+#define XPfree(x)      afree((x).beg, ATEMP)
+
+/*
+ * Lexer internals
+ */
+
+typedef struct source Source;
+struct source {
+       const char *str;        /* input pointer */
+       const char *start;      /* start of current buffer */
+       union {
+               const char **strv;      /* string [] */
+               struct shf *shf;        /* shell file */
+               struct tbl *tblp;       /* alias (SF_HASALIAS) */
+               char *freeme;           /* also for SREREAD */
+       } u;
+       const char *file;       /* input file name */
+       int     type;           /* input type */
+       int     line;           /* line number */
+       int     errline;        /* line the error occurred on (0 if not set) */
+       int     flags;          /* SF_* */
+       Area    *areap;
+       Source *next;           /* stacked source */
+       XString xs;             /* input buffer */
+       char    ugbuf[2];       /* buffer for ungetsc() (SREREAD) and
+                                * alias (SALIAS) */
+};
+
+/* Source.type values */
+#define SEOF           0       /* input EOF */
+#define SFILE          1       /* file input */
+#define SSTDIN         2       /* read stdin */
+#define SSTRING                3       /* string */
+#define SWSTR          4       /* string without \n */
+#define SWORDS         5       /* string[] */
+#define SWORDSEP       6       /* string[] separator */
+#define SALIAS         7       /* alias expansion */
+#define SREREAD                8       /* read ahead to be re-scanned */
+#define SSTRINGCMDLINE 9       /* string from "mksh -c ..." */
+
+/* Source.flags values */
+#define SF_ECHO                BIT(0)  /* echo input to shlout */
+#define SF_ALIAS       BIT(1)  /* faking space at end of alias */
+#define SF_ALIASEND    BIT(2)  /* faking space at end of alias */
+#define SF_TTY         BIT(3)  /* type == SSTDIN & it is a tty */
+#define SF_HASALIAS    BIT(4)  /* u.tblp valid (SALIAS, SEOF) */
+#define SF_MAYEXEC     BIT(5)  /* special sh -c optimisation hack */
+
+typedef union {
+       int i;
+       char *cp;
+       char **wp;
+       struct op *o;
+       struct ioword *iop;
+} YYSTYPE;
+
+/* If something is added here, add it to tokentab[] in syn.c as well */
+#define LWORD          256
+#define LOGAND         257     /* && */
+#define LOGOR          258     /* || */
+#define BREAK          259     /* ;; */
+#define IF             260
+#define THEN           261
+#define ELSE           262
+#define ELIF           263
+#define FI             264
+#define CASE           265
+#define ESAC           266
+#define FOR            267
+#define SELECT         268
+#define WHILE          269
+#define UNTIL          270
+#define DO             271
+#define DONE           272
+#define IN             273
+#define FUNCTION       274
+#define TIME           275
+#define REDIR          276
+#define MDPAREN                277     /* (( )) */
+#define BANG           278     /* ! */
+#define DBRACKET       279     /* [[ .. ]] */
+#define COPROC         280     /* |& */
+#define BRKEV          281     /* ;| */
+#define BRKFT          282     /* ;& */
+#define YYERRCODE      300
+
+/* flags to yylex */
+#define CONTIN         BIT(0)  /* skip new lines to complete command */
+#define ONEWORD                BIT(1)  /* single word for substitute() */
+#define ALIAS          BIT(2)  /* recognise alias */
+#define KEYWORD                BIT(3)  /* recognise keywords */
+#define LETEXPR                BIT(4)  /* get expression inside (( )) */
+#define CMDASN         BIT(5)  /* parse x[1 & 2] as one word, for typeset */
+#define HEREDOC        BIT(6)  /* parsing a here document body */
+#define ESACONLY       BIT(7)  /* only accept esac keyword */
+#define CMDWORD                BIT(8)  /* parsing simple command (alias related) */
+#define HEREDELIM      BIT(9)  /* parsing <<,<<- delimiter */
+#define LQCHAR         BIT(10) /* source string contains QCHAR */
+
+#define HERES          10      /* max number of << in line */
+
+#undef CTRL
+#define        CTRL(x)         ((x) == '?' ? 0x7F : (x) & 0x1F)        /* ASCII */
+#define        UNCTRL(x)       ((x) ^ 0x40)                            /* ASCII */
+#define        ISCTRL(x)       (((signed char)((uint8_t)(x) + 1)) < 33)
+
+#define IDENT          64
+
+EXTERN Source *source;         /* yyparse/yylex source */
+EXTERN YYSTYPE yylval;         /* result from yylex */
+EXTERN struct ioword *heres[HERES], **herep;
+EXTERN char ident[IDENT + 1];
+
+EXTERN char **history;         /* saved commands */
+EXTERN char **histptr;         /* last history item */
+EXTERN mksh_ari_t histsize;    /* history size */
+
+/* flags to histsave */
+#define HIST_FLUSH     0
+#define HIST_QUEUE     1
+#define HIST_APPEND    2
+#define HIST_STORE     3
+#define HIST_NOTE      4
+
+/* user and system time of last j_waitjed job */
+EXTERN struct timeval j_usrtime, j_systime;
+
+#define notok2mul(max, val, c) (((val) != 0) && ((c) != 0) && \
+                                   (((max) / (c)) < (val)))
+#define notok2add(max, val, c) ((val) > ((max) - (c)))
+#define notoktomul(val, cnst)  notok2mul(SIZE_MAX, (val), (cnst))
+#define notoktoadd(val, cnst)  notok2add(SIZE_MAX, (val), (cnst))
+#define checkoktoadd(val, cnst) do {                                   \
+       if (notoktoadd((val), (cnst)))                                  \
+               internal_errorf(Tintovfl, (size_t)(val),                \
+                   '+', (size_t)(cnst));                               \
+} while (/* CONSTCOND */ 0)
+
+
+/* lalloc.c */
+void ainit(Area *);
+void afreeall(Area *);
+/* these cannot fail and can take NULL (not for ap) */
+#define alloc(n, ap)           aresize(NULL, (n), (ap))
+#define alloc2(m, n, ap)       aresize2(NULL, (m), (n), (ap))
+void *aresize(void *, size_t, Area *);
+void *aresize2(void *, size_t, size_t, Area *);
+void afree(void *, Area *);    /* can take NULL */
+/* edit.c */
+#ifndef MKSH_NO_CMDLINE_EDITING
+#ifndef MKSH_SMALL
+int x_bind(const char *, const char *, bool, bool);
+#else
+int x_bind(const char *, const char *, bool);
+#endif
+void x_init(void);
+#ifdef DEBUG_LEAKS
+void x_done(void);
+#endif
+int x_read(char *);
+#endif
+void x_mkraw(int, mksh_ttyst *, bool);
+/* eval.c */
+char *substitute(const char *, int);
+char **eval(const char **, int);
+char *evalstr(const char *cp, int);
+char *evalonestr(const char *cp, int);
+char *debunk(char *, const char *, size_t);
+void expand(const char *, XPtrV *, int);
+int glob_str(char *, XPtrV *, bool);
+char *do_tilde(char *);
+/* exec.c */
+int execute(struct op * volatile, volatile int, volatile int * volatile);
+int shcomexec(const char **);
+struct tbl *findfunc(const char *, uint32_t, bool);
+int define(const char *, struct op *);
+const char *builtin(const char *, int (*)(const char **));
+struct tbl *findcom(const char *, int);
+void flushcom(bool);
+int search_access(const char *, int);
+const char *search_path(const char *, const char *, int, int *);
+void pr_menu(const char * const *);
+void pr_list(char * const *);
+/* expr.c */
+int evaluate(const char *, mksh_ari_t *, int, bool);
+int v_evaluate(struct tbl *, const char *, volatile int, bool);
+/* UTF-8 stuff */
+size_t utf_mbtowc(unsigned int *, const char *);
+size_t utf_wctomb(char *, unsigned int);
+int utf_widthadj(const char *, const char **);
+size_t utf_mbswidth(const char *) MKSH_A_PURE;
+const char *utf_skipcols(const char *, int) MKSH_A_PURE;
+size_t utf_ptradj(const char *) MKSH_A_PURE;
+#ifdef MIRBSD_BOOTFLOPPY
+#define utf_wcwidth(i) wcwidth((wchar_t)(i))
+#else
+int utf_wcwidth(unsigned int) MKSH_A_PURE;
+#endif
+int ksh_access(const char *, int);
+struct tbl *tempvar(const char *);
+/* funcs.c */
+int c_hash(const char **);
+int c_pwd(const char **);
+int c_print(const char **);
+#ifdef MKSH_PRINTF_BUILTIN
+int c_printf(const char **);
+#endif
+int c_whence(const char **);
+int c_command(const char **);
+int c_typeset(const char **);
+int c_alias(const char **);
+int c_unalias(const char **);
+int c_let(const char **);
+int c_jobs(const char **);
+#ifndef MKSH_UNEMPLOYED
+int c_fgbg(const char **);
+#endif
+int c_kill(const char **);
+void getopts_reset(int);
+int c_getopts(const char **);
+#ifndef MKSH_NO_CMDLINE_EDITING
+int c_bind(const char **);
+#endif
+int c_shift(const char **);
+int c_umask(const char **);
+int c_dot(const char **);
+int c_wait(const char **);
+int c_read(const char **);
+int c_eval(const char **);
+int c_trap(const char **);
+int c_brkcont(const char **);
+int c_exitreturn(const char **);
+int c_set(const char **);
+int c_unset(const char **);
+int c_ulimit(const char **);
+int c_times(const char **);
+int timex(struct op *, int, volatile int *);
+void timex_hook(struct op *, char ** volatile *);
+int c_exec(const char **);
+/* dummy function (just need pointer value), special case in comexec() */
+#define c_builtin shcomexec
+int c_test(const char **);
+#if HAVE_MKNOD
+int c_mknod(const char **);
+#endif
+int c_realpath(const char **);
+int c_rename(const char **);
+int c_cat(const char **);
+int c_sleep(const char **);
+/* histrap.c */
+void init_histvec(void);
+void hist_init(Source *);
+#if HAVE_PERSISTENT_HISTORY
+void hist_finish(void);
+#endif
+void histsave(int *, const char *, int, bool);
+#if !defined(MKSH_SMALL) && HAVE_PERSISTENT_HISTORY
+bool histsync(void);
+#endif
+int c_fc(const char **);
+void sethistsize(mksh_ari_t);
+#if HAVE_PERSISTENT_HISTORY
+void sethistfile(const char *);
+#endif
+#if !defined(MKSH_NO_CMDLINE_EDITING) && !MKSH_S_NOVI
+char **histpos(void) MKSH_A_PURE;
+int histnum(int);
+#endif
+int findhist(int, int, const char *, bool) MKSH_A_PURE;
+char **hist_get_newest(bool);
+void inittraps(void);
+void alarm_init(void);
+Trap *gettrap(const char *, bool, bool);
+void trapsig(int);
+void intrcheck(void);
+int fatal_trap_check(void);
+int trap_pending(void);
+void runtraps(int intr);
+void runtrap(Trap *, bool);
+void cleartraps(void);
+void restoresigs(void);
+void settrap(Trap *, const char *);
+int block_pipe(void);
+void restore_pipe(int);
+int setsig(Trap *, sig_t, int);
+void setexecsig(Trap *, int);
+#if HAVE_FLOCK || HAVE_LOCK_FCNTL
+void mksh_lockfd(int);
+void mksh_unlkfd(int);
+#endif
+/* jobs.c */
+void j_init(void);
+void j_exit(void);
+#ifndef MKSH_UNEMPLOYED
+void j_change(void);
+#endif
+int exchild(struct op *, int, volatile int *, int);
+void startlast(void);
+int waitlast(void);
+int waitfor(const char *, int *);
+int j_kill(const char *, int);
+#ifndef MKSH_UNEMPLOYED
+int j_resume(const char *, int);
+#endif
+#if !defined(MKSH_UNEMPLOYED) && HAVE_GETSID
+void j_suspend(void);
+#endif
+int j_jobs(const char *, int, int);
+void j_notify(void);
+pid_t j_async(void);
+int j_stopped_running(void);
+/* lex.c */
+int yylex(int);
+void yyskiputf8bom(void);
+void yyerror(const char *, ...)
+    MKSH_A_NORETURN
+    MKSH_A_FORMAT(__printf__, 1, 2);
+Source *pushs(int, Area *);
+void set_prompt(int, Source *);
+int pprompt(const char *, int);
+/* main.c */
+int include(const char *, int, const char **, bool);
+int command(const char *, int);
+int shell(Source * volatile, volatile bool);
+/* argument MUST NOT be 0 */
+void unwind(int) MKSH_A_NORETURN;
+void newenv(int);
+void quitenv(struct shf *);
+void cleanup_parents_env(void);
+void cleanup_proc_env(void);
+void errorf(const char *, ...)
+    MKSH_A_NORETURN
+    MKSH_A_FORMAT(__printf__, 1, 2);
+void errorfx(int, const char *, ...)
+    MKSH_A_NORETURN
+    MKSH_A_FORMAT(__printf__, 2, 3);
+void warningf(bool, const char *, ...)
+    MKSH_A_FORMAT(__printf__, 2, 3);
+void bi_errorf(const char *, ...)
+    MKSH_A_FORMAT(__printf__, 1, 2);
+#define errorfz()      errorf(NULL)
+#define errorfxz(rc)   errorfx((rc), NULL)
+#define bi_errorfz()   bi_errorf(NULL)
+void internal_errorf(const char *, ...)
+    MKSH_A_NORETURN
+    MKSH_A_FORMAT(__printf__, 1, 2);
+void internal_warningf(const char *, ...)
+    MKSH_A_FORMAT(__printf__, 1, 2);
+void error_prefix(bool);
+void shellf(const char *, ...)
+    MKSH_A_FORMAT(__printf__, 1, 2);
+void shprintf(const char *, ...)
+    MKSH_A_FORMAT(__printf__, 1, 2);
+int can_seek(int);
+void initio(void);
+int ksh_dup2(int, int, bool);
+short savefd(int);
+void restfd(int, int);
+void openpipe(int *);
+void closepipe(int *);
+int check_fd(const char *, int, const char **);
+void coproc_init(void);
+void coproc_read_close(int);
+void coproc_readw_close(int);
+void coproc_write_close(int);
+int coproc_getfd(int, const char **);
+void coproc_cleanup(int);
+struct temp *maketemp(Area *, Temp_type, struct temp **);
+void ktinit(Area *, struct table *, uint8_t);
+struct tbl *ktscan(struct table *, const char *, uint32_t, struct tbl ***);
+/* table, name (key) to search for, hash(n) */
+#define ktsearch(tp, s, h) ktscan((tp), (s), (h), NULL)
+struct tbl *ktenter(struct table *, const char *, uint32_t);
+#define ktdelete(p)    do { p->flag = 0; } while (/* CONSTCOND */ 0)
+void ktwalk(struct tstate *, struct table *);
+struct tbl *ktnext(struct tstate *);
+struct tbl **ktsort(struct table *);
+#ifdef DF
+void DF(const char *, ...)
+    MKSH_A_FORMAT(__printf__, 1, 2);
+#endif
+/* misc.c */
+void setctypes(const char *, int);
+void initctypes(void);
+size_t option(const char *) MKSH_A_PURE;
+char *getoptions(void);
+void change_flag(enum sh_flag, int, bool);
+void change_xtrace(unsigned char, bool);
+int parse_args(const char **, int, bool *);
+int getn(const char *, int *);
+int gmatchx(const char *, const char *, bool);
+int has_globbing(const char *, const char *) MKSH_A_PURE;
+int xstrcmp(const void *, const void *) MKSH_A_PURE;
+void ksh_getopt_reset(Getopt *, int);
+int ksh_getopt(const char **, Getopt *, const char *);
+void print_value_quoted(struct shf *, const char *);
+char *quote_value(const char *);
+void print_columns(struct shf *, unsigned int,
+    void (*)(char *, size_t, unsigned int, const void *),
+    const void *, size_t, size_t, bool);
+void strip_nuls(char *, size_t)
+    MKSH_A_BOUNDED(__string__, 1, 2);
+ssize_t blocking_read(int, char *, size_t)
+    MKSH_A_BOUNDED(__buffer__, 2, 3);
+int reset_nonblock(int);
+char *ksh_get_wd(void);
+char *do_realpath(const char *);
+void simplify_path(char *);
+void set_current_wd(const char *);
+int c_cd(const char **);
+#if defined(MKSH_SMALL) && !defined(MKSH_SMALL_BUT_FAST)
+char *strdup_i(const char *, Area *);
+char *strndup_i(const char *, size_t, Area *);
+#endif
+int unbksl(bool, int (*)(void), void (*)(int));
+/* shf.c */
+struct shf *shf_open(const char *, int, int, int);
+struct shf *shf_fdopen(int, int, struct shf *);
+struct shf *shf_reopen(int, int, struct shf *);
+struct shf *shf_sopen(char *, ssize_t, int, struct shf *);
+int shf_close(struct shf *);
+int shf_fdclose(struct shf *);
+char *shf_sclose(struct shf *);
+int shf_flush(struct shf *);
+ssize_t shf_read(char *, ssize_t, struct shf *);
+char *shf_getse(char *, ssize_t, struct shf *);
+int shf_getchar(struct shf *s);
+int shf_ungetc(int, struct shf *);
+#if defined(MKSH_SMALL) && !defined(MKSH_SMALL_BUT_FAST)
+int shf_getc(struct shf *);
+int shf_putc(int, struct shf *);
+#else
+#define shf_getc shf_getc_i
+#define shf_putc shf_putc_i
+#endif
+int shf_putchar(int, struct shf *);
+ssize_t shf_puts(const char *, struct shf *);
+ssize_t shf_write(const char *, ssize_t, struct shf *);
+ssize_t shf_fprintf(struct shf *, const char *, ...)
+    MKSH_A_FORMAT(__printf__, 2, 3);
+ssize_t shf_snprintf(char *, ssize_t, const char *, ...)
+    MKSH_A_FORMAT(__printf__, 3, 4)
+    MKSH_A_BOUNDED(__string__, 1, 2);
+char *shf_smprintf(const char *, ...)
+    MKSH_A_FORMAT(__printf__, 1, 2);
+ssize_t shf_vfprintf(struct shf *, const char *, va_list)
+    MKSH_A_FORMAT(__printf__, 2, 0);
+/* syn.c */
+int assign_command(const char *, bool) MKSH_A_PURE;
+void initkeywords(void);
+struct op *compile(Source *, bool);
+bool parse_usec(const char *, struct timeval *);
+char *yyrecursive(int);
+void yyrecursive_pop(bool);
+/* tree.c */
+void fptreef(struct shf *, int, const char *, ...);
+char *snptreef(char *, ssize_t, const char *, ...);
+struct op *tcopy(struct op *, Area *);
+char *wdcopy(const char *, Area *);
+const char *wdscan(const char *, int);
+#define WDS_TPUTS      BIT(0)          /* tputS (dumpwdvar) mode */
+char *wdstrip(const char *, int);
+void tfree(struct op *, Area *);
+void dumpchar(struct shf *, int);
+void dumptree(struct shf *, struct op *);
+void dumpwdvar(struct shf *, const char *);
+void dumpioact(struct shf *shf, struct op *t);
+void vistree(char *, size_t, struct op *)
+    MKSH_A_BOUNDED(__string__, 1, 2);
+void fpFUNCTf(struct shf *, int, bool, const char *, struct op *);
+/* var.c */
+void newblock(void);
+void popblock(void);
+void initvar(void);
+struct block *varsearch(struct block *, struct tbl **, const char *, uint32_t);
+struct tbl *global(const char *);
+struct tbl *local(const char *, bool);
+char *str_val(struct tbl *);
+int setstr(struct tbl *, const char *, int);
+struct tbl *setint_v(struct tbl *, struct tbl *, bool);
+void setint(struct tbl *, mksh_ari_t);
+void setint_n(struct tbl *, mksh_ari_t, int);
+struct tbl *typeset(const char *, uint32_t, uint32_t, int, int);
+void unset(struct tbl *, int);
+const char *skip_varname(const char *, bool) MKSH_A_PURE;
+const char *skip_wdvarname(const char *, bool) MKSH_A_PURE;
+int is_wdvarname(const char *, bool) MKSH_A_PURE;
+int is_wdvarassign(const char *) MKSH_A_PURE;
+struct tbl *arraysearch(struct tbl *, uint32_t);
+char **makenv(void);
+void change_winsz(void);
+size_t array_ref_len(const char *) MKSH_A_PURE;
+char *arrayname(const char *);
+mksh_uari_t set_array(const char *, bool, const char **);
+uint32_t hash(const void *) MKSH_A_PURE;
+uint32_t chvt_rndsetup(const void *, size_t) MKSH_A_PURE;
+mksh_ari_t rndget(void);
+void rndset(unsigned long);
+void rndpush(const void *);
+
+enum Test_op {
+       /* non-operator */
+       TO_NONOP = 0,
+       /* unary operators */
+       TO_STNZE, TO_STZER, TO_OPTION,
+       TO_FILAXST,
+       TO_FILEXST,
+       TO_FILREG, TO_FILBDEV, TO_FILCDEV, TO_FILSYM, TO_FILFIFO, TO_FILSOCK,
+       TO_FILCDF, TO_FILID, TO_FILGID, TO_FILSETG, TO_FILSTCK, TO_FILUID,
+       TO_FILRD, TO_FILGZ, TO_FILTT, TO_FILSETU, TO_FILWR, TO_FILEX,
+       /* binary operators */
+       TO_STEQL, TO_STNEQ, TO_STLT, TO_STGT, TO_INTEQ, TO_INTNE, TO_INTGT,
+       TO_INTGE, TO_INTLT, TO_INTLE, TO_FILEQ, TO_FILNT, TO_FILOT,
+       /* not an operator */
+       TO_NONNULL      /* !TO_NONOP */
+};
+typedef enum Test_op Test_op;
+
+/* Used by Test_env.isa() (order important - used to index *_tokens[] arrays) */
+enum Test_meta {
+       TM_OR,          /* -o or || */
+       TM_AND,         /* -a or && */
+       TM_NOT,         /* ! */
+       TM_OPAREN,      /* ( */
+       TM_CPAREN,      /* ) */
+       TM_UNOP,        /* unary operator */
+       TM_BINOP,       /* binary operator */
+       TM_END          /* end of input */
+};
+typedef enum Test_meta Test_meta;
+
+#define TEF_ERROR      BIT(0)          /* set if we've hit an error */
+#define TEF_DBRACKET   BIT(1)          /* set if [[ .. ]] test */
+
+typedef struct test_env {
+       union {
+               const char **wp;        /* used by ptest_* */
+               XPtrV *av;              /* used by dbtestp_* */
+       } pos;
+       const char **wp_end;            /* used by ptest_* */
+       Test_op (*isa)(struct test_env *, Test_meta);
+       const char *(*getopnd) (struct test_env *, Test_op, bool);
+       int (*eval)(struct test_env *, Test_op, const char *, const char *, bool);
+       void (*error)(struct test_env *, int, const char *);
+       int flags;                      /* TEF_* */
+} Test_env;
+
+extern const char * const dbtest_tokens[];
+
+Test_op        test_isop(Test_meta, const char *) MKSH_A_PURE;
+int test_eval(Test_env *, Test_op, const char *, const char *, bool);
+int test_parse(Test_env *);
+
+/* tty_fd is not opened O_BINARY, it's thus never read/written */
+EXTERN int tty_fd E_INIT(-1);  /* dup'd tty file descriptor */
+EXTERN bool tty_devtty;                /* true if tty_fd is from /dev/tty */
+EXTERN mksh_ttyst tty_state;   /* saved tty state */
+EXTERN bool tty_hasstate;      /* true if tty_state is valid */
+
+extern int tty_init_fd(void);  /* initialise tty_fd, tty_devtty */
+
+#ifdef __OS2__
+#ifndef __GNUC__
+# error oops?
+#endif
+#define binopen2(path,flags)           __extension__({                 \
+       int binopen2_fd = open((path), (flags) | O_BINARY);             \
+       if (binopen2_fd >= 0)                                           \
+               setmode(binopen2_fd, O_BINARY);                         \
+       (binopen2_fd);                                                  \
+})
+#define binopen3(path,flags,mode)      __extension__({                 \
+       int binopen3_fd = open((path), (flags) | O_BINARY, (mode));     \
+       if (binopen3_fd >= 0)                                           \
+               setmode(binopen3_fd, O_BINARY);                         \
+       (binopen3_fd);                                                  \
+})
+#define mksh_abspath(s)                        __extension__({                 \
+       const char *mksh_abspath_s = (s);                               \
+       (mksh_abspath_s[0] == '/' || (ksh_isalphx(mksh_abspath_s[0]) && \
+           mksh_abspath_s[1] == ':'));                                 \
+})
+#else
+#define binopen2(path,flags)           open((path), (flags) | O_BINARY)
+#define binopen3(path,flags,mode)      open((path), (flags) | O_BINARY, (mode))
+#define mksh_abspath(s)                        ((s)[0] == '/')
+#endif
+
+/* be sure not to interfere with anyone else's idea about EXTERN */
+#ifdef EXTERN_DEFINED
+# undef EXTERN_DEFINED
+# undef EXTERN
+#endif
+#undef E_INIT
+
+#endif /* !MKSH_INCLUDES_ONLY */
diff --git a/source/sh/sh_flags.gen b/source/sh/sh_flags.gen
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..bcbc729
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+/* +++ GENERATED FILE +++ DO NOT EDIT +++ */
+/*-
+ * Copyright (c) 2013, 2014, 2015
+ *     mirabilos <m@mirbsd.org>
+ *
+ * Provided that these terms and disclaimer and all copyright notices
+ * are retained or reproduced in an accompanying document, permission
+ * is granted to deal in this work without restriction, including un-
+ * limited rights to use, publicly perform, distribute, sell, modify,
+ * merge, give away, or sublicence.
+ *
+ * This work is provided "AS IS" and WITHOUT WARRANTY of any kind, to
+ * the utmost extent permitted by applicable law, neither express nor
+ * implied; without malicious intent or gross negligence. In no event
+ * may a licensor, author or contributor be held liable for indirect,
+ * direct, other damage, loss, or other issues arising in any way out
+ * of dealing in the work, even if advised of the possibility of such
+ * damage or existence of a defect, except proven that it results out
+ * of said person's immediate fault when using the work as intended.
+ */
+
+#ifndef SHFLAGS_OPTCS
+#if defined(SHFLAGS_DEFNS)
+__RCSID("$MirOS: src/bin/mksh/sh_flags.opt,v 1.4 2015/12/12 21:08:44 tg Exp $");
+#elif defined(SHFLAGS_ENUMS)
+#define FN(sname,cname,flags,ochar)    cname,
+#define F0(sname,cname,flags,ochar)    cname = 0,
+#elif defined(SHFLAGS_ITEMS)
+#define FN(sname,cname,flags,ochar)    ((const char *)(&shoptione_ ## cname)) + 2,
+#endif
+#ifndef F0
+#define F0 FN
+#endif
+F0("allexport", FEXPORT, OF_ANY, 'a')
+#if HAVE_NICE
+FN("bgnice", FBGNICE, OF_ANY, 0)
+#endif
+FN("braceexpand", FBRACEEXPAND, OF_ANY, 0)
+#if !defined(MKSH_NO_CMDLINE_EDITING) || defined(MKSH_LEGACY_MODE)
+FN("emacs", FEMACS, OF_ANY, 0)
+#endif
+FN("errexit", FERREXIT, OF_ANY, 'e')
+#if !defined(MKSH_NO_CMDLINE_EDITING) || defined(MKSH_LEGACY_MODE)
+FN("gmacs", FGMACS, OF_ANY, 0)
+#endif
+FN("ignoreeof", FIGNOREEOF, OF_ANY, 0)
+FN("inherit-xtrace", FXTRACEREC, OF_ANY, 0)
+#ifndef SHFLAGS_NOT_CMD
+FN("interactive", FTALKING, OF_CMDLINE, 'i')
+#endif
+FN("keyword", FKEYWORD, OF_ANY, 'k')
+#ifndef SHFLAGS_NOT_CMD
+FN("login", FLOGIN, OF_CMDLINE, 'l')
+#endif
+FN("markdirs", FMARKDIRS, OF_ANY, 'X')
+#ifndef MKSH_UNEMPLOYED
+FN("monitor", FMONITOR, OF_ANY, 'm')
+#endif
+FN("noclobber", FNOCLOBBER, OF_ANY, 'C')
+FN("noexec", FNOEXEC, OF_ANY, 'n')
+FN("noglob", FNOGLOB, OF_ANY, 'f')
+FN("nohup", FNOHUP, OF_ANY, 0)
+FN("nolog", FNOLOG, OF_ANY, 0)
+#ifndef MKSH_UNEMPLOYED
+FN("notify", FNOTIFY, OF_ANY, 'b')
+#endif
+FN("nounset", FNOUNSET, OF_ANY, 'u')
+FN("physical", FPHYSICAL, OF_ANY, 0)
+FN("pipefail", FPIPEFAIL, OF_ANY, 0)
+FN("posix", FPOSIX, OF_ANY, 0)
+FN("privileged", FPRIVILEGED, OF_ANY, 'p')
+#ifndef SHFLAGS_NOT_CMD
+FN("restricted", FRESTRICTED, OF_CMDLINE, 'r')
+#endif
+FN("sh", FSH, OF_ANY, 0)
+#ifndef SHFLAGS_NOT_CMD
+FN("stdin", FSTDIN, OF_CMDLINE, 's')
+#endif
+FN("trackall", FTRACKALL, OF_ANY, 'h')
+FN("utf8-mode", FUNICODE, OF_ANY, 'U')
+FN("verbose", FVERBOSE, OF_ANY, 'v')
+#if !defined(MKSH_NO_CMDLINE_EDITING) || defined(MKSH_LEGACY_MODE)
+FN("vi", FVI, OF_ANY, 0)
+#endif
+#if !defined(MKSH_NO_CMDLINE_EDITING) || defined(MKSH_LEGACY_MODE)
+FN("vi-esccomplete", FVIESCCOMPLETE, OF_ANY, 0)
+#endif
+#if !defined(MKSH_NO_CMDLINE_EDITING) || defined(MKSH_LEGACY_MODE)
+FN("vi-tabcomplete", FVITABCOMPLETE, OF_ANY, 0)
+#endif
+#if !defined(MKSH_NO_CMDLINE_EDITING) || defined(MKSH_LEGACY_MODE)
+FN("viraw", FVIRAW, OF_ANY, 0)
+#endif
+FN("xtrace", FXTRACE, OF_ANY, 'x')
+#ifndef SHFLAGS_NOT_CMD
+FN("", FCOMMAND, OF_CMDLINE, 'c')
+#endif
+FN("", FAS_BUILTIN, OF_INTERNAL, 0)
+FN("", FTALKING_I, OF_INTERNAL, 0)
+#undef F0
+#undef FN
+#undef SHFLAGS_DEFNS
+#undef SHFLAGS_ENUMS
+#undef SHFLAGS_ITEMS
+#else
+#ifndef SHFLAGS_NOT_SET
+"A:"
+#endif
+"a"
+#ifndef MKSH_UNEMPLOYED
+"b"
+#endif
+"C"
+#ifndef SHFLAGS_NOT_CMD
+"c"
+#endif
+"e"
+"f"
+"h"
+#ifndef SHFLAGS_NOT_CMD
+"i"
+#endif
+"k"
+#ifndef SHFLAGS_NOT_CMD
+"l"
+#endif
+#ifndef MKSH_UNEMPLOYED
+"m"
+#endif
+"n"
+#ifndef SHFLAGS_NOT_CMD
+"o:"
+#endif
+#ifndef SHFLAGS_NOT_SET
+"o;"
+#endif
+"p"
+#ifndef SHFLAGS_NOT_CMD
+"r"
+#endif
+#ifndef SHFLAGS_NOT_CMD
+"s"
+#endif
+#ifndef SHFLAGS_NOT_SET
+"s"
+#endif
+#ifndef SHFLAGS_NOT_CMD
+"T:"
+#endif
+"U"
+"u"
+"v"
+"X"
+"x"
+#undef SHFLAGS_OPTCS
+#endif
diff --git a/source/sh/sh_flags.opt b/source/sh/sh_flags.opt
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..9f364d5
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,198 @@
+/*-
+ * Copyright (c) 2013, 2014, 2015
+ *     mirabilos <m@mirbsd.org>
+ *
+ * Provided that these terms and disclaimer and all copyright notices
+ * are retained or reproduced in an accompanying document, permission
+ * is granted to deal in this work without restriction, including un-
+ * limited rights to use, publicly perform, distribute, sell, modify,
+ * merge, give away, or sublicence.
+ *
+ * This work is provided "AS IS" and WITHOUT WARRANTY of any kind, to
+ * the utmost extent permitted by applicable law, neither express nor
+ * implied; without malicious intent or gross negligence. In no event
+ * may a licensor, author or contributor be held liable for indirect,
+ * direct, other damage, loss, or other issues arising in any way out
+ * of dealing in the work, even if advised of the possibility of such
+ * damage or existence of a defect, except proven that it results out
+ * of said person's immediate fault when using the work as intended.
+ */
+
+@SHFLAGS_DEFNS
+__RCSID("$MirOS: src/bin/mksh/sh_flags.opt,v 1.4 2015/12/12 21:08:44 tg Exp $");
+@SHFLAGS_ENUMS
+#define FN(sname,cname,flags,ochar)    cname,
+#define F0(sname,cname,flags,ochar)    cname = 0,
+@SHFLAGS_ITEMS
+#define FN(sname,cname,flags,ochar)    ((const char *)(&shoptione_ ## cname)) + 2,
+@@
+
+/* special cases */
+
+<o:|!SHFLAGS_NOT_CMD
+<T:|!SHFLAGS_NOT_CMD
+<A:|!SHFLAGS_NOT_SET
+<o;|!SHFLAGS_NOT_SET
+<s|!SHFLAGS_NOT_SET
+
+/*
+ * options are sorted by their longnames
+ */
+
+/* -a  all new parameters are created with the export attribute */
+>a|
+F0("allexport", FEXPORT, OF_ANY
+
+/* ./. bgnice */
+>| HAVE_NICE
+FN("bgnice", FBGNICE, OF_ANY
+
+/* ./. enable {} globbing (non-standard) */
+>|
+FN("braceexpand", FBRACEEXPAND, OF_ANY
+
+/* ./. Emacs command line editing mode */
+>|!defined(MKSH_NO_CMDLINE_EDITING) || defined(MKSH_LEGACY_MODE)
+FN("emacs", FEMACS, OF_ANY
+
+/* -e  quit on error */
+>e|
+FN("errexit", FERREXIT, OF_ANY
+
+/* ./. Emacs command line editing mode, gmacs variant */
+>|!defined(MKSH_NO_CMDLINE_EDITING) || defined(MKSH_LEGACY_MODE)
+FN("gmacs", FGMACS, OF_ANY
+
+/* ./. reading EOF does not exit */
+>|
+FN("ignoreeof", FIGNOREEOF, OF_ANY
+
+/* ./. inherit -x flag */
+>|
+FN("inherit-xtrace", FXTRACEREC, OF_ANY
+
+/* -i  interactive shell */
+>i|!SHFLAGS_NOT_CMD
+FN("interactive", FTALKING, OF_CMDLINE
+
+/* -k  name=value are recognised anywhere */
+>k|
+FN("keyword", FKEYWORD, OF_ANY
+
+/* -l  login shell */
+>l|!SHFLAGS_NOT_CMD
+FN("login", FLOGIN, OF_CMDLINE
+
+/* -X  mark dirs with / in file name completion */
+>X|
+FN("markdirs", FMARKDIRS, OF_ANY
+
+/* -m  job control monitoring */
+>m|!MKSH_UNEMPLOYED
+FN("monitor", FMONITOR, OF_ANY
+
+/* -C  don't overwrite existing files */
+>C|
+FN("noclobber", FNOCLOBBER, OF_ANY
+
+/* -n  don't execute any commands */
+>n|
+FN("noexec", FNOEXEC, OF_ANY
+
+/* -f  don't do file globbing */
+>f|
+FN("noglob", FNOGLOB, OF_ANY
+
+/* ./. don't kill running jobs when login shell exits */
+>|
+FN("nohup", FNOHUP, OF_ANY
+
+/* ./. don't save functions in history (no effect) */
+>|
+FN("nolog", FNOLOG, OF_ANY
+
+/* -b  asynchronous job completion notification */
+>b|!MKSH_UNEMPLOYED
+FN("notify", FNOTIFY, OF_ANY
+
+/* -u  using an unset variable is an error */
+>u|
+FN("nounset", FNOUNSET, OF_ANY
+
+/* ./. don't do logical cds/pwds (non-standard) */
+>|
+FN("physical", FPHYSICAL, OF_ANY
+
+/* ./. errorlevel of a pipeline is the rightmost nonzero value */
+>|
+FN("pipefail", FPIPEFAIL, OF_ANY
+
+/* ./. adhere more closely to POSIX even when undesirable */
+>|
+FN("posix", FPOSIX, OF_ANY
+
+/* -p  privileged shell (suid) */
+>p|
+FN("privileged", FPRIVILEGED, OF_ANY
+
+/* -r  restricted shell */
+>r|!SHFLAGS_NOT_CMD
+FN("restricted", FRESTRICTED, OF_CMDLINE
+
+/* ./. kludge mode for better compat with traditional sh (OS-specific) */
+>|
+FN("sh", FSH, OF_ANY
+
+/* -s  (invocation) parse stdin (pseudo non-standard) */
+>s|!SHFLAGS_NOT_CMD
+FN("stdin", FSTDIN, OF_CMDLINE
+
+/* -h  create tracked aliases for all commands */
+>h|
+FN("trackall", FTRACKALL, OF_ANY
+
+/* -U  enable UTF-8 processing (non-standard) */
+>U|
+FN("utf8-mode", FUNICODE, OF_ANY
+
+/* -v  echo input */
+>v|
+FN("verbose", FVERBOSE, OF_ANY
+
+/* ./. Vi command line editing mode */
+>|!defined(MKSH_NO_CMDLINE_EDITING) || defined(MKSH_LEGACY_MODE)
+FN("vi", FVI, OF_ANY
+
+/* ./. enable ESC as file name completion character (non-standard) */
+>|!defined(MKSH_NO_CMDLINE_EDITING) || defined(MKSH_LEGACY_MODE)
+FN("vi-esccomplete", FVIESCCOMPLETE, OF_ANY
+
+/* ./. enable Tab as file name completion character (non-standard) */
+>|!defined(MKSH_NO_CMDLINE_EDITING) || defined(MKSH_LEGACY_MODE)
+FN("vi-tabcomplete", FVITABCOMPLETE, OF_ANY
+
+/* ./. always read in raw mode (no effect) */
+>|!defined(MKSH_NO_CMDLINE_EDITING) || defined(MKSH_LEGACY_MODE)
+FN("viraw", FVIRAW, OF_ANY
+
+/* -x  execution trace (display commands as they are run) */
+>x|
+FN("xtrace", FXTRACE, OF_ANY
+
+/* -c  (invocation) execute specified command */
+>c|!SHFLAGS_NOT_CMD
+FN("", FCOMMAND, OF_CMDLINE
+
+/*
+ * anonymous flags: used internally by shell only (not visible to user
+ */
+
+/* ./. direct builtin call (divined from argv[0] multi-call binary) */
+>|
+FN("", FAS_BUILTIN, OF_INTERNAL
+
+/* ./. (internal) initial shell was interactive */
+>|
+FN("", FTALKING_I, OF_INTERNAL
+
+|SHFLAGS_OPTCS
diff --git a/source/sh/shf.c b/source/sh/shf.c
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..ecf9ba7
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,1145 @@
+/*     $OpenBSD: shf.c,v 1.16 2013/04/19 17:36:09 millert Exp $        */
+
+/*-
+ * Copyright (c) 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2011,
+ *              2012, 2013, 2015, 2016
+ *     mirabilos <m@mirbsd.org>
+ *
+ * Provided that these terms and disclaimer and all copyright notices
+ * are retained or reproduced in an accompanying document, permission
+ * is granted to deal in this work without restriction, including un-
+ * limited rights to use, publicly perform, distribute, sell, modify,
+ * merge, give away, or sublicence.
+ *
+ * This work is provided "AS IS" and WITHOUT WARRANTY of any kind, to
+ * the utmost extent permitted by applicable law, neither express nor
+ * implied; without malicious intent or gross negligence. In no event
+ * may a licensor, author or contributor be held liable for indirect,
+ * direct, other damage, loss, or other issues arising in any way out
+ * of dealing in the work, even if advised of the possibility of such
+ * damage or existence of a defect, except proven that it results out
+ * of said person's immediate fault when using the work as intended.
+ *-
+ * Use %zX instead of %p and floating point isn't supported at all.
+ */
+
+#include "sh.h"
+
+__RCSID("$MirOS: src/bin/mksh/shf.c,v 1.70 2016/03/04 14:26:16 tg Exp $");
+
+/* flags to shf_emptybuf() */
+#define EB_READSW      0x01    /* about to switch to reading */
+#define EB_GROW                0x02    /* grow buffer if necessary (STRING+DYNAMIC) */
+
+/*
+ * Replacement stdio routines. Stdio is too flakey on too many machines
+ * to be useful when you have multiple processes using the same underlying
+ * file descriptors.
+ */
+
+static int shf_fillbuf(struct shf *);
+static int shf_emptybuf(struct shf *, int);
+
+/*
+ * Open a file. First three args are for open(), last arg is flags for
+ * this package. Returns NULL if file could not be opened, or if a dup
+ * fails.
+ */
+struct shf *
+shf_open(const char *name, int oflags, int mode, int sflags)
+{
+       struct shf *shf;
+       ssize_t bsize =
+           /* at most 512 */
+           sflags & SHF_UNBUF ? (sflags & SHF_RD ? 1 : 0) : SHF_BSIZE;
+       int fd, eno;
+
+       /* Done before open so if alloca fails, fd won't be lost. */
+       shf = alloc(sizeof(struct shf) + bsize, ATEMP);
+       shf->areap = ATEMP;
+       shf->buf = (unsigned char *)&shf[1];
+       shf->bsize = bsize;
+       shf->flags = SHF_ALLOCS;
+       /* Rest filled in by reopen. */
+
+       fd = binopen3(name, oflags, mode);
+       if (fd < 0) {
+               eno = errno;
+               afree(shf, shf->areap);
+               errno = eno;
+               return (NULL);
+       }
+       if ((sflags & SHF_MAPHI) && fd < FDBASE) {
+               int nfd;
+
+               nfd = fcntl(fd, F_DUPFD, FDBASE);
+               eno = errno;
+               close(fd);
+               if (nfd < 0) {
+                       afree(shf, shf->areap);
+                       errno = eno;
+                       return (NULL);
+               }
+               fd = nfd;
+       }
+       sflags &= ~SHF_ACCMODE;
+       sflags |= (oflags & O_ACCMODE) == O_RDONLY ? SHF_RD :
+           ((oflags & O_ACCMODE) == O_WRONLY ? SHF_WR : SHF_RDWR);
+
+       return (shf_reopen(fd, sflags, shf));
+}
+
+/* helper function for shf_fdopen and shf_reopen */
+static void
+shf_open_hlp(int fd, int *sflagsp, const char *where)
+{
+       int sflags = *sflagsp;
+
+       /* use fcntl() to figure out correct read/write flags */
+       if (sflags & SHF_GETFL) {
+               int flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0);
+
+               if (flags < 0)
+                       /* will get an error on first read/write */
+                       sflags |= SHF_RDWR;
+               else {
+                       switch (flags & O_ACCMODE) {
+                       case O_RDONLY:
+                               sflags |= SHF_RD;
+                               break;
+                       case O_WRONLY:
+                               sflags |= SHF_WR;
+                               break;
+                       case O_RDWR:
+                               sflags |= SHF_RDWR;
+                               break;
+                       }
+               }
+               *sflagsp = sflags;
+       }
+
+       if (!(sflags & (SHF_RD | SHF_WR)))
+               internal_errorf("%s: %s", where, "missing read/write");
+}
+
+/* Set up the shf structure for a file descriptor. Doesn't fail. */
+struct shf *
+shf_fdopen(int fd, int sflags, struct shf *shf)
+{
+       ssize_t bsize =
+           /* at most 512 */
+           sflags & SHF_UNBUF ? (sflags & SHF_RD ? 1 : 0) : SHF_BSIZE;
+
+       shf_open_hlp(fd, &sflags, "shf_fdopen");
+       if (shf) {
+               if (bsize) {
+                       shf->buf = alloc(bsize, ATEMP);
+                       sflags |= SHF_ALLOCB;
+               } else
+                       shf->buf = NULL;
+       } else {
+               shf = alloc(sizeof(struct shf) + bsize, ATEMP);
+               shf->buf = (unsigned char *)&shf[1];
+               sflags |= SHF_ALLOCS;
+       }
+       shf->areap = ATEMP;
+       shf->fd = fd;
+       shf->rp = shf->wp = shf->buf;
+       shf->rnleft = 0;
+       shf->rbsize = bsize;
+       shf->wnleft = 0; /* force call to shf_emptybuf() */
+       shf->wbsize = sflags & SHF_UNBUF ? 0 : bsize;
+       shf->flags = sflags;
+       shf->errnosv = 0;
+       shf->bsize = bsize;
+       if (sflags & SHF_CLEXEC)
+               fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC);
+       return (shf);
+}
+
+/* Set up an existing shf (and buffer) to use the given fd */
+struct shf *
+shf_reopen(int fd, int sflags, struct shf *shf)
+{
+       ssize_t bsize =
+           /* at most 512 */
+           sflags & SHF_UNBUF ? (sflags & SHF_RD ? 1 : 0) : SHF_BSIZE;
+
+       shf_open_hlp(fd, &sflags, "shf_reopen");
+       if (!shf || !shf->buf || shf->bsize < bsize)
+               internal_errorf("%s: %s", "shf_reopen", "bad shf/buf/bsize");
+
+       /* assumes shf->buf and shf->bsize already set up */
+       shf->fd = fd;
+       shf->rp = shf->wp = shf->buf;
+       shf->rnleft = 0;
+       shf->rbsize = bsize;
+       shf->wnleft = 0; /* force call to shf_emptybuf() */
+       shf->wbsize = sflags & SHF_UNBUF ? 0 : bsize;
+       shf->flags = (shf->flags & (SHF_ALLOCS | SHF_ALLOCB)) | sflags;
+       shf->errnosv = 0;
+       if (sflags & SHF_CLEXEC)
+               fcntl(fd, F_SETFD, FD_CLOEXEC);
+       return (shf);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Open a string for reading or writing. If reading, bsize is the number
+ * of bytes that can be read. If writing, bsize is the maximum number of
+ * bytes that can be written. If shf is not NULL, it is filled in and
+ * returned, if it is NULL, shf is allocated. If writing and buf is NULL
+ * and SHF_DYNAMIC is set, the buffer is allocated (if bsize > 0, it is
+ * used for the initial size). Doesn't fail.
+ * When writing, a byte is reserved for a trailing NUL - see shf_sclose().
+ */
+struct shf *
+shf_sopen(char *buf, ssize_t bsize, int sflags, struct shf *shf)
+{
+       /* can't have a read+write string */
+       if (!(!(sflags & SHF_RD) ^ !(sflags & SHF_WR)))
+               internal_errorf("%s: flags 0x%X", "shf_sopen",
+                   (unsigned int)sflags);
+
+       if (!shf) {
+               shf = alloc(sizeof(struct shf), ATEMP);
+               sflags |= SHF_ALLOCS;
+       }
+       shf->areap = ATEMP;
+       if (!buf && (sflags & SHF_WR) && (sflags & SHF_DYNAMIC)) {
+               if (bsize <= 0)
+                       bsize = 64;
+               sflags |= SHF_ALLOCB;
+               buf = alloc(bsize, shf->areap);
+       }
+       shf->fd = -1;
+       shf->buf = shf->rp = shf->wp = (unsigned char *)buf;
+       shf->rnleft = bsize;
+       shf->rbsize = bsize;
+       shf->wnleft = bsize - 1;        /* space for a '\0' */
+       shf->wbsize = bsize;
+       shf->flags = sflags | SHF_STRING;
+       shf->errnosv = 0;
+       shf->bsize = bsize;
+
+       return (shf);
+}
+
+/* Flush and close file descriptor, free the shf structure */
+int
+shf_close(struct shf *shf)
+{
+       int ret = 0;
+
+       if (shf->fd >= 0) {
+               ret = shf_flush(shf);
+               if (close(shf->fd) < 0)
+                       ret = -1;
+       }
+       if (shf->flags & SHF_ALLOCS)
+               afree(shf, shf->areap);
+       else if (shf->flags & SHF_ALLOCB)
+               afree(shf->buf, shf->areap);
+
+       return (ret);
+}
+
+/* Flush and close file descriptor, don't free file structure */
+int
+shf_fdclose(struct shf *shf)
+{
+       int ret = 0;
+
+       if (shf->fd >= 0) {
+               ret = shf_flush(shf);
+               if (close(shf->fd) < 0)
+                       ret = -1;
+               shf->rnleft = 0;
+               shf->rp = shf->buf;
+               shf->wnleft = 0;
+               shf->fd = -1;
+       }
+
+       return (ret);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Close a string - if it was opened for writing, it is NUL terminated;
+ * returns a pointer to the string and frees shf if it was allocated
+ * (does not free string if it was allocated).
+ */
+char *
+shf_sclose(struct shf *shf)
+{
+       unsigned char *s = shf->buf;
+
+       /* NUL terminate */
+       if (shf->flags & SHF_WR) {
+               shf->wnleft++;
+               shf_putc('\0', shf);
+       }
+       if (shf->flags & SHF_ALLOCS)
+               afree(shf, shf->areap);
+       return ((char *)s);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Un-read what has been read but not examined, or write what has been
+ * buffered. Returns 0 for success, -1 for (write) error.
+ */
+int
+shf_flush(struct shf *shf)
+{
+       if (shf->flags & SHF_STRING)
+               return ((shf->flags & SHF_WR) ? -1 : 0);
+
+       if (shf->fd < 0)
+               internal_errorf("%s: %s", "shf_flush", "no fd");
+
+       if (shf->flags & SHF_ERROR) {
+               errno = shf->errnosv;
+               return (-1);
+       }
+
+       if (shf->flags & SHF_READING) {
+               shf->flags &= ~(SHF_EOF | SHF_READING);
+               if (shf->rnleft > 0) {
+                       lseek(shf->fd, (off_t)-shf->rnleft, SEEK_CUR);
+                       shf->rnleft = 0;
+                       shf->rp = shf->buf;
+               }
+               return (0);
+       } else if (shf->flags & SHF_WRITING)
+               return (shf_emptybuf(shf, 0));
+
+       return (0);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Write out any buffered data. If currently reading, flushes the read
+ * buffer. Returns 0 for success, -1 for (write) error.
+ */
+static int
+shf_emptybuf(struct shf *shf, int flags)
+{
+       int ret = 0;
+
+       if (!(shf->flags & SHF_STRING) && shf->fd < 0)
+               internal_errorf("%s: %s", "shf_emptybuf", "no fd");
+
+       if (shf->flags & SHF_ERROR) {
+               errno = shf->errnosv;
+               return (-1);
+       }
+
+       if (shf->flags & SHF_READING) {
+               if (flags & EB_READSW)
+                       /* doesn't happen */
+                       return (0);
+               ret = shf_flush(shf);
+               shf->flags &= ~SHF_READING;
+       }
+       if (shf->flags & SHF_STRING) {
+               unsigned char *nbuf;
+
+               /*
+                * Note that we assume SHF_ALLOCS is not set if
+                * SHF_ALLOCB is set... (changing the shf pointer could
+                * cause problems)
+                */
+               if (!(flags & EB_GROW) || !(shf->flags & SHF_DYNAMIC) ||
+                   !(shf->flags & SHF_ALLOCB))
+                       return (-1);
+               /* allocate more space for buffer */
+               nbuf = aresize2(shf->buf, 2, shf->wbsize, shf->areap);
+               shf->rp = nbuf + (shf->rp - shf->buf);
+               shf->wp = nbuf + (shf->wp - shf->buf);
+               shf->rbsize += shf->wbsize;
+               shf->wnleft += shf->wbsize;
+               shf->wbsize <<= 1;
+               shf->buf = nbuf;
+       } else {
+               if (shf->flags & SHF_WRITING) {
+                       ssize_t n, ntowrite = shf->wp - shf->buf;
+                       unsigned char *buf = shf->buf;
+
+                       while (ntowrite > 0) {
+                               n = write(shf->fd, buf, ntowrite);
+                               if (n < 0) {
+                                       if (errno == EINTR &&
+                                           !(shf->flags & SHF_INTERRUPT))
+                                               continue;
+                                       shf->flags |= SHF_ERROR;
+                                       shf->errnosv = errno;
+                                       shf->wnleft = 0;
+                                       if (buf != shf->buf) {
+                                               /*
+                                                * allow a second flush
+                                                * to work
+                                                */
+                                               memmove(shf->buf, buf,
+                                                   ntowrite);
+                                               shf->wp = shf->buf + ntowrite;
+                                       }
+                                       return (-1);
+                               }
+                               buf += n;
+                               ntowrite -= n;
+                       }
+                       if (flags & EB_READSW) {
+                               shf->wp = shf->buf;
+                               shf->wnleft = 0;
+                               shf->flags &= ~SHF_WRITING;
+                               return (0);
+                       }
+               }
+               shf->wp = shf->buf;
+               shf->wnleft = shf->wbsize;
+       }
+       shf->flags |= SHF_WRITING;
+
+       return (ret);
+}
+
+/* Fill up a read buffer. Returns -1 for a read error, 0 otherwise. */
+static int
+shf_fillbuf(struct shf *shf)
+{
+       ssize_t n;
+
+       if (shf->flags & SHF_STRING)
+               return (0);
+
+       if (shf->fd < 0)
+               internal_errorf("%s: %s", "shf_fillbuf", "no fd");
+
+       if (shf->flags & (SHF_EOF | SHF_ERROR)) {
+               if (shf->flags & SHF_ERROR)
+                       errno = shf->errnosv;
+               return (-1);
+       }
+
+       if ((shf->flags & SHF_WRITING) && shf_emptybuf(shf, EB_READSW) == -1)
+               return (-1);
+
+       shf->flags |= SHF_READING;
+
+       shf->rp = shf->buf;
+       while (/* CONSTCOND */ 1) {
+               n = blocking_read(shf->fd, (char *)shf->buf, shf->rbsize);
+               if (n < 0 && errno == EINTR && !(shf->flags & SHF_INTERRUPT))
+                       continue;
+               break;
+       }
+       if (n < 0) {
+               shf->flags |= SHF_ERROR;
+               shf->errnosv = errno;
+               shf->rnleft = 0;
+               shf->rp = shf->buf;
+               return (-1);
+       }
+       if ((shf->rnleft = n) == 0)
+               shf->flags |= SHF_EOF;
+       return (0);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Read a buffer from shf. Returns the number of bytes read into buf, if
+ * no bytes were read, returns 0 if end of file was seen, -1 if a read
+ * error occurred.
+ */
+ssize_t
+shf_read(char *buf, ssize_t bsize, struct shf *shf)
+{
+       ssize_t ncopy, orig_bsize = bsize;
+
+       if (!(shf->flags & SHF_RD))
+               internal_errorf("%s: flags 0x%X", "shf_read",
+                   (unsigned int)shf->flags);
+
+       if (bsize <= 0)
+               internal_errorf("%s: %s %zd", "shf_write", "bsize", bsize);
+
+       while (bsize > 0) {
+               if (shf->rnleft == 0 &&
+                   (shf_fillbuf(shf) == -1 || shf->rnleft == 0))
+                       break;
+               ncopy = shf->rnleft;
+               if (ncopy > bsize)
+                       ncopy = bsize;
+               memcpy(buf, shf->rp, ncopy);
+               buf += ncopy;
+               bsize -= ncopy;
+               shf->rp += ncopy;
+               shf->rnleft -= ncopy;
+       }
+       /* Note: fread(3S) returns 0 for errors - this doesn't */
+       return (orig_bsize == bsize ? (shf_error(shf) ? -1 : 0) :
+           orig_bsize - bsize);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Read up to a newline or -1. The newline is put in buf; buf is always
+ * NUL terminated. Returns NULL on read error or if nothing was read
+ * before end of file, returns a pointer to the NUL byte in buf
+ * otherwise.
+ */
+char *
+shf_getse(char *buf, ssize_t bsize, struct shf *shf)
+{
+       unsigned char *end;
+       ssize_t ncopy;
+       char *orig_buf = buf;
+
+       if (!(shf->flags & SHF_RD))
+               internal_errorf("%s: flags 0x%X", "shf_getse",
+                   (unsigned int)shf->flags);
+
+       if (bsize <= 0)
+               return (NULL);
+
+       /* save room for NUL */
+       --bsize;
+       do {
+               if (shf->rnleft == 0) {
+                       if (shf_fillbuf(shf) == -1)
+                               return (NULL);
+                       if (shf->rnleft == 0) {
+                               *buf = '\0';
+                               return (buf == orig_buf ? NULL : buf);
+                       }
+               }
+               end = (unsigned char *)memchr((char *)shf->rp, '\n',
+                   shf->rnleft);
+               ncopy = end ? end - shf->rp + 1 : shf->rnleft;
+               if (ncopy > bsize)
+                       ncopy = bsize;
+               memcpy(buf, (char *) shf->rp, ncopy);
+               shf->rp += ncopy;
+               shf->rnleft -= ncopy;
+               buf += ncopy;
+               bsize -= ncopy;
+       } while (!end && bsize);
+       *buf = '\0';
+       return (buf);
+}
+
+/* Returns the char read. Returns -1 for error and end of file. */
+int
+shf_getchar(struct shf *shf)
+{
+       if (!(shf->flags & SHF_RD))
+               internal_errorf("%s: flags 0x%X", "shf_getchar",
+                   (unsigned int)shf->flags);
+
+       if (shf->rnleft == 0 && (shf_fillbuf(shf) == -1 || shf->rnleft == 0))
+               return (-1);
+       --shf->rnleft;
+       return (*shf->rp++);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Put a character back in the input stream. Returns the character if
+ * successful, -1 if there is no room.
+ */
+int
+shf_ungetc(int c, struct shf *shf)
+{
+       if (!(shf->flags & SHF_RD))
+               internal_errorf("%s: flags 0x%X", "shf_ungetc",
+                   (unsigned int)shf->flags);
+
+       if ((shf->flags & SHF_ERROR) || c == -1 ||
+           (shf->rp == shf->buf && shf->rnleft))
+               return (-1);
+
+       if ((shf->flags & SHF_WRITING) && shf_emptybuf(shf, EB_READSW) == -1)
+               return (-1);
+
+       if (shf->rp == shf->buf)
+               shf->rp = shf->buf + shf->rbsize;
+       if (shf->flags & SHF_STRING) {
+               /*
+                * Can unget what was read, but not something different;
+                * we don't want to modify a string.
+                */
+               if ((int)(shf->rp[-1]) != c)
+                       return (-1);
+               shf->flags &= ~SHF_EOF;
+               shf->rp--;
+               shf->rnleft++;
+               return (c);
+       }
+       shf->flags &= ~SHF_EOF;
+       *--(shf->rp) = c;
+       shf->rnleft++;
+       return (c);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Write a character. Returns the character if successful, -1 if the
+ * char could not be written.
+ */
+int
+shf_putchar(int c, struct shf *shf)
+{
+       if (!(shf->flags & SHF_WR))
+               internal_errorf("%s: flags 0x%X", "shf_putchar",
+                   (unsigned int)shf->flags);
+
+       if (c == -1)
+               return (-1);
+
+       if (shf->flags & SHF_UNBUF) {
+               unsigned char cc = (unsigned char)c;
+               ssize_t n;
+
+               if (shf->fd < 0)
+                       internal_errorf("%s: %s", "shf_putchar", "no fd");
+               if (shf->flags & SHF_ERROR) {
+                       errno = shf->errnosv;
+                       return (-1);
+               }
+               while ((n = write(shf->fd, &cc, 1)) != 1)
+                       if (n < 0) {
+                               if (errno == EINTR &&
+                                   !(shf->flags & SHF_INTERRUPT))
+                                       continue;
+                               shf->flags |= SHF_ERROR;
+                               shf->errnosv = errno;
+                               return (-1);
+                       }
+       } else {
+               /* Flush deals with strings and sticky errors */
+               if (shf->wnleft == 0 && shf_emptybuf(shf, EB_GROW) == -1)
+                       return (-1);
+               shf->wnleft--;
+               *shf->wp++ = c;
+       }
+
+       return (c);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Write a string. Returns the length of the string if successful, -1
+ * if the string could not be written.
+ */
+ssize_t
+shf_puts(const char *s, struct shf *shf)
+{
+       if (!s)
+               return (-1);
+
+       return (shf_write(s, strlen(s), shf));
+}
+
+/* Write a buffer. Returns nbytes if successful, -1 if there is an error. */
+ssize_t
+shf_write(const char *buf, ssize_t nbytes, struct shf *shf)
+{
+       ssize_t n, ncopy, orig_nbytes = nbytes;
+
+       if (!(shf->flags & SHF_WR))
+               internal_errorf("%s: flags 0x%X", "shf_write",
+                   (unsigned int)shf->flags);
+
+       if (nbytes < 0)
+               internal_errorf("%s: %s %zd", "shf_write", "nbytes", nbytes);
+
+       /* Don't buffer if buffer is empty and we're writting a large amount. */
+       if ((ncopy = shf->wnleft) &&
+           (shf->wp != shf->buf || nbytes < shf->wnleft)) {
+               if (ncopy > nbytes)
+                       ncopy = nbytes;
+               memcpy(shf->wp, buf, ncopy);
+               nbytes -= ncopy;
+               buf += ncopy;
+               shf->wp += ncopy;
+               shf->wnleft -= ncopy;
+       }
+       if (nbytes > 0) {
+               if (shf->flags & SHF_STRING) {
+                       /* resize buffer until there's enough space left */
+                       while (nbytes > shf->wnleft)
+                               if (shf_emptybuf(shf, EB_GROW) == -1)
+                                       return (-1);
+                       /* then write everything into the buffer */
+               } else {
+                       /* flush deals with sticky errors */
+                       if (shf_emptybuf(shf, EB_GROW) == -1)
+                               return (-1);
+                       /* write chunks larger than window size directly */
+                       if (nbytes > shf->wbsize) {
+                               ncopy = nbytes;
+                               if (shf->wbsize)
+                                       ncopy -= nbytes % shf->wbsize;
+                               nbytes -= ncopy;
+                               while (ncopy > 0) {
+                                       n = write(shf->fd, buf, ncopy);
+                                       if (n < 0) {
+                                               if (errno == EINTR &&
+                                                   !(shf->flags & SHF_INTERRUPT))
+                                                       continue;
+                                               shf->flags |= SHF_ERROR;
+                                               shf->errnosv = errno;
+                                               shf->wnleft = 0;
+                                               /*
+                                                * Note: fwrite(3) returns 0
+                                                * for errors - this doesn't
+                                                */
+                                               return (-1);
+                                       }
+                                       buf += n;
+                                       ncopy -= n;
+                               }
+                       }
+                       /* ... and buffer the rest */
+               }
+               if (nbytes > 0) {
+                       /* write remaining bytes to buffer */
+                       memcpy(shf->wp, buf, nbytes);
+                       shf->wp += nbytes;
+                       shf->wnleft -= nbytes;
+               }
+       }
+
+       return (orig_nbytes);
+}
+
+ssize_t
+shf_fprintf(struct shf *shf, const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+       va_list args;
+       ssize_t n;
+
+       va_start(args, fmt);
+       n = shf_vfprintf(shf, fmt, args);
+       va_end(args);
+
+       return (n);
+}
+
+ssize_t
+shf_snprintf(char *buf, ssize_t bsize, const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+       struct shf shf;
+       va_list args;
+       ssize_t n;
+
+       if (!buf || bsize <= 0)
+               internal_errorf("shf_snprintf: buf %zX, bsize %zd",
+                   (size_t)buf, bsize);
+
+       shf_sopen(buf, bsize, SHF_WR, &shf);
+       va_start(args, fmt);
+       n = shf_vfprintf(&shf, fmt, args);
+       va_end(args);
+       /* NUL terminates */
+       shf_sclose(&shf);
+       return (n);
+}
+
+char *
+shf_smprintf(const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+       struct shf shf;
+       va_list args;
+
+       shf_sopen(NULL, 0, SHF_WR|SHF_DYNAMIC, &shf);
+       va_start(args, fmt);
+       shf_vfprintf(&shf, fmt, args);
+       va_end(args);
+       /* NUL terminates */
+       return (shf_sclose(&shf));
+}
+
+#define        FL_HASH         0x001   /* '#' seen */
+#define FL_PLUS                0x002   /* '+' seen */
+#define FL_RIGHT       0x004   /* '-' seen */
+#define FL_BLANK       0x008   /* ' ' seen */
+#define FL_SHORT       0x010   /* 'h' seen */
+#define FL_LONG                0x020   /* 'l' seen */
+#define FL_ZERO                0x040   /* '0' seen */
+#define FL_DOT         0x080   /* '.' seen */
+#define FL_UPPER       0x100   /* format character was uppercase */
+#define FL_NUMBER      0x200   /* a number was formated %[douxefg] */
+#define FL_SIZET       0x400   /* 'z' seen */
+#define FM_SIZES       0x430   /* h/l/z mask */
+
+ssize_t
+shf_vfprintf(struct shf *shf, const char *fmt, va_list args)
+{
+       const char *s;
+       char c, *cp;
+       int tmp = 0, flags;
+       size_t field, precision, len;
+       unsigned long lnum;
+       /* %#o produces the longest output */
+       char numbuf[(8 * sizeof(long) + 2) / 3 + 1];
+       /* this stuff for dealing with the buffer */
+       ssize_t nwritten = 0;
+
+#define VA(type) va_arg(args, type)
+
+       if (!fmt)
+               return (0);
+
+       while ((c = *fmt++)) {
+               if (c != '%') {
+                       shf_putc(c, shf);
+                       nwritten++;
+                       continue;
+               }
+               /*
+                * This will accept flags/fields in any order - not just
+                * the order specified in printf(3), but this is the way
+                * _doprnt() seems to work (on BSD and SYSV). The only
+                * restriction is that the format character must come
+                * last :-).
+                */
+               flags = 0;
+               field = precision = 0;
+               while ((c = *fmt++)) {
+                       switch (c) {
+                       case '#':
+                               flags |= FL_HASH;
+                               continue;
+
+                       case '+':
+                               flags |= FL_PLUS;
+                               continue;
+
+                       case '-':
+                               flags |= FL_RIGHT;
+                               continue;
+
+                       case ' ':
+                               flags |= FL_BLANK;
+                               continue;
+
+                       case '0':
+                               if (!(flags & FL_DOT))
+                                       flags |= FL_ZERO;
+                               continue;
+
+                       case '.':
+                               flags |= FL_DOT;
+                               precision = 0;
+                               continue;
+
+                       case '*':
+                               tmp = VA(int);
+                               if (tmp < 0) {
+                                       if (flags & FL_DOT)
+                                               precision = 0;
+                                       else {
+                                               field = (unsigned int)-tmp;
+                                               flags |= FL_RIGHT;
+                                       }
+                               } else if (flags & FL_DOT)
+                                       precision = (unsigned int)tmp;
+                               else
+                                       field = (unsigned int)tmp;
+                               continue;
+
+                       case 'l':
+                               flags &= ~FM_SIZES;
+                               flags |= FL_LONG;
+                               continue;
+
+                       case 'h':
+                               flags &= ~FM_SIZES;
+                               flags |= FL_SHORT;
+                               continue;
+
+                       case 'z':
+                               flags &= ~FM_SIZES;
+                               flags |= FL_SIZET;
+                               continue;
+                       }
+                       if (ksh_isdigit(c)) {
+                               bool overflowed = false;
+
+                               tmp = ksh_numdig(c);
+                               while (c = *fmt++, ksh_isdigit(c))
+                                       if (notok2mul(2147483647, tmp, 10))
+                                               overflowed = true;
+                                       else
+                                               tmp = tmp * 10 + ksh_numdig(c);
+                               --fmt;
+                               if (overflowed)
+                                       tmp = 0;
+                               if (flags & FL_DOT)
+                                       precision = (unsigned int)tmp;
+                               else
+                                       field = (unsigned int)tmp;
+                               continue;
+                       }
+                       break;
+               }
+
+               if (!c)
+                       /* nasty format */
+                       break;
+
+               if (ksh_isupper(c)) {
+                       flags |= FL_UPPER;
+                       c = ksh_tolower(c);
+               }
+
+               switch (c) {
+               case 'd':
+               case 'i':
+                       if (flags & FL_SIZET)
+                               lnum = (long)VA(ssize_t);
+                       else if (flags & FL_LONG)
+                               lnum = VA(long);
+                       else if (flags & FL_SHORT)
+                               lnum = (long)(short)VA(int);
+                       else
+                               lnum = (long)VA(int);
+                       goto integral;
+
+               case 'o':
+               case 'u':
+               case 'x':
+                       if (flags & FL_SIZET)
+                               lnum = VA(size_t);
+                       else if (flags & FL_LONG)
+                               lnum = VA(unsigned long);
+                       else if (flags & FL_SHORT)
+                               lnum = (unsigned long)(unsigned short)VA(int);
+                       else
+                               lnum = (unsigned long)VA(unsigned int);
+
+ integral:
+                       flags |= FL_NUMBER;
+                       cp = numbuf + sizeof(numbuf);
+
+                       switch (c) {
+                       case 'd':
+                       case 'i':
+                               if (0 > (long)lnum) {
+                                       lnum = -(long)lnum;
+                                       tmp = 1;
+                               } else
+                                       tmp = 0;
+                               /* FALLTHROUGH */
+                       case 'u':
+                               do {
+                                       *--cp = digits_lc[lnum % 10];
+                                       lnum /= 10;
+                               } while (lnum);
+
+                               if (c != 'u') {
+                                       if (tmp)
+                                               *--cp = '-';
+                                       else if (flags & FL_PLUS)
+                                               *--cp = '+';
+                                       else if (flags & FL_BLANK)
+                                               *--cp = ' ';
+                               }
+                               break;
+
+                       case 'o':
+                               do {
+                                       *--cp = digits_lc[lnum & 0x7];
+                                       lnum >>= 3;
+                               } while (lnum);
+
+                               if ((flags & FL_HASH) && *cp != '0')
+                                       *--cp = '0';
+                               break;
+
+                       case 'x': {
+                               const char *digits = (flags & FL_UPPER) ?
+                                   digits_uc : digits_lc;
+                               do {
+                                       *--cp = digits[lnum & 0xF];
+                                       lnum >>= 4;
+                               } while (lnum);
+
+                               if (flags & FL_HASH) {
+                                       *--cp = (flags & FL_UPPER) ? 'X' : 'x';
+                                       *--cp = '0';
+                               }
+                           }
+                       }
+                       len = numbuf + sizeof(numbuf) - (s = cp);
+                       if (flags & FL_DOT) {
+                               if (precision > len) {
+                                       field = precision;
+                                       flags |= FL_ZERO;
+                               } else
+                                       /* no loss */
+                                       precision = len;
+                       }
+                       break;
+
+               case 's':
+                       if ((s = VA(const char *)) == NULL)
+                               s = "(null)";
+                       else if (flags & FL_HASH) {
+                               print_value_quoted(shf, s);
+                               continue;
+                       }
+                       len = utf_mbswidth(s);
+                       break;
+
+               case 'c':
+                       flags &= ~FL_DOT;
+                       c = (char)(VA(int));
+                       /* FALLTHROUGH */
+
+               case '%':
+               default:
+                       numbuf[0] = c;
+                       numbuf[1] = 0;
+                       s = numbuf;
+                       len = 1;
+                       break;
+               }
+
+               /*
+                * At this point s should point to a string that is to be
+                * formatted, and len should be the length of the string.
+                */
+               if (!(flags & FL_DOT) || len < precision)
+                       precision = len;
+               if (field > precision) {
+                       field -= precision;
+                       if (!(flags & FL_RIGHT)) {
+                               /* skip past sign or 0x when padding with 0 */
+                               if ((flags & FL_ZERO) && (flags & FL_NUMBER)) {
+                                       if (*s == '+' || *s == '-' ||
+                                           *s == ' ') {
+                                               shf_putc(*s, shf);
+                                               s++;
+                                               precision--;
+                                               nwritten++;
+                                       } else if (*s == '0') {
+                                               shf_putc(*s, shf);
+                                               s++;
+                                               nwritten++;
+                                               if (--precision &&
+                                                   ksh_eq(*s, 'X', 'x')) {
+                                                       shf_putc(*s, shf);
+                                                       s++;
+                                                       precision--;
+                                                       nwritten++;
+                                               }
+                                       }
+                                       c = '0';
+                               } else
+                                       c = flags & FL_ZERO ? '0' : ' ';
+                               nwritten += field;
+                               while (field--)
+                                       shf_putc(c, shf);
+                               field = 0;
+                       } else
+                               c = ' ';
+               } else
+                       field = 0;
+
+               if (precision) {
+                       const char *q;
+
+                       nwritten += precision;
+                       q = utf_skipcols(s, precision);
+                       do {
+                               shf_putc(*s, shf);
+                       } while (++s < q);
+               }
+               nwritten += field;
+               while (field--)
+                       shf_putc(c, shf);
+       }
+
+       return (shf_error(shf) ? -1 : nwritten);
+}
+
+#if defined(MKSH_SMALL) && !defined(MKSH_SMALL_BUT_FAST)
+int
+shf_getc(struct shf *shf)
+{
+       return (shf_getc_i(shf));
+}
+
+int
+shf_putc(int c, struct shf *shf)
+{
+       return (shf_putc_i(c, shf));
+}
+#endif
+
+#ifdef DEBUG
+const char *
+cstrerror(int errnum)
+{
+#undef strerror
+       return (strerror(errnum));
+#define strerror dontuse_strerror /* poisoned */
+}
+#elif !HAVE_STRERROR
+
+#if HAVE_SYS_ERRLIST
+#if !HAVE_SYS_ERRLIST_DECL
+extern const int sys_nerr;
+extern const char * const sys_errlist[];
+#endif
+#endif
+
+const char *
+cstrerror(int errnum)
+{
+       /* "Unknown error: " + sign + rough estimate + NUL */
+       static char errbuf[15 + 1 + (8 * sizeof(int) + 2) / 3 + 1];
+
+#if HAVE_SYS_ERRLIST
+       if (errnum > 0 && errnum < sys_nerr && sys_errlist[errnum])
+               return (sys_errlist[errnum]);
+#endif
+
+       switch (errnum) {
+       case 0:
+               return ("Undefined error: 0");
+       case EPERM:
+               return ("Operation not permitted");
+       case ENOENT:
+               return ("No such file or directory");
+#ifdef ESRCH
+       case ESRCH:
+               return ("No such process");
+#endif
+#ifdef E2BIG
+       case E2BIG:
+               return ("Argument list too long");
+#endif
+       case ENOEXEC:
+               return ("Exec format error");
+       case EBADF:
+               return ("Bad file descriptor");
+#ifdef ENOMEM
+       case ENOMEM:
+               return ("Cannot allocate memory");
+#endif
+       case EACCES:
+               return ("Permission denied");
+       case EEXIST:
+               return ("File exists");
+       case ENOTDIR:
+               return ("Not a directory");
+#ifdef EINVAL
+       case EINVAL:
+               return ("Invalid argument");
+#endif
+#ifdef ELOOP
+       case ELOOP:
+               return ("Too many levels of symbolic links");
+#endif
+       default:
+               shf_snprintf(errbuf, sizeof(errbuf),
+                   "Unknown error: %d", errnum);
+               return (errbuf);
+       }
+}
+#endif
diff --git a/source/sh/strlcpy.c b/source/sh/strlcpy.c
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..ba8581e
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+/*-
+ * Copyright (c) 2006, 2008, 2009, 2013
+ *     mirabilos <m@mirbsd.org>
+ * Copyright (c) 1998 Todd C. Miller <Todd.Miller@courtesan.com>
+ *
+ * Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software for any
+ * purpose with or without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above
+ * copyright notice and this permission notice appear in all copies.
+ *
+ * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS" AND THE AUTHOR DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES
+ * WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
+ * MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR BE LIABLE FOR
+ * ANY SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDIRECT, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
+ * WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN
+ * ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF
+ * OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
+ */
+
+#include "sh.h"
+
+__RCSID("$MirOS: src/bin/mksh/strlcpy.c,v 1.10 2015/11/29 17:05:02 tg Exp $");
+
+/*
+ * Copy src to string dst of size siz. At most siz-1 characters
+ * will be copied. Always NUL terminates (unless siz == 0).
+ * Returns strlen(src); if retval >= siz, truncation occurred.
+ */
+#undef strlcpy
+size_t
+strlcpy(char *dst, const char *src, size_t siz)
+{
+       const char *s = src;
+
+       if (siz == 0)
+               goto traverse_src;
+
+       /* copy as many chars as will fit */
+       while (--siz && (*dst++ = *s++))
+               ;
+
+       /* not enough room in dst */
+       if (siz == 0) {
+               /* safe to NUL-terminate dst since we copied <= siz-1 chars */
+               *dst = '\0';
+ traverse_src:
+               /* traverse rest of src */
+               while (*s++)
+                       ;
+       }
+
+       /* count does not include NUL */
+       return ((size_t)(s - src - 1));
+}
diff --git a/source/sh/syn.c b/source/sh/syn.c
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..d645e0f
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,1218 @@
+/*     $OpenBSD: syn.c,v 1.30 2015/09/01 13:12:31 tedu Exp $   */
+
+/*-
+ * Copyright (c) 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009,
+ *              2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016
+ *     mirabilos <m@mirbsd.org>
+ *
+ * Provided that these terms and disclaimer and all copyright notices
+ * are retained or reproduced in an accompanying document, permission
+ * is granted to deal in this work without restriction, including un-
+ * limited rights to use, publicly perform, distribute, sell, modify,
+ * merge, give away, or sublicence.
+ *
+ * This work is provided "AS IS" and WITHOUT WARRANTY of any kind, to
+ * the utmost extent permitted by applicable law, neither express nor
+ * implied; without malicious intent or gross negligence. In no event
+ * may a licensor, author or contributor be held liable for indirect,
+ * direct, other damage, loss, or other issues arising in any way out
+ * of dealing in the work, even if advised of the possibility of such
+ * damage or existence of a defect, except proven that it results out
+ * of said person's immediate fault when using the work as intended.
+ */
+
+#include "sh.h"
+
+__RCSID("$MirOS: src/bin/mksh/syn.c,v 1.111 2016/02/26 21:24:58 tg Exp $");
+
+struct nesting_state {
+       int start_token;        /* token than began nesting (eg, FOR) */
+       int start_line;         /* line nesting began on */
+};
+
+struct yyrecursive_state {
+       struct ioword *old_heres[HERES];
+       struct yyrecursive_state *next;
+       struct ioword **old_herep;
+       int old_symbol;
+       int old_salias;
+       int old_nesting_type;
+       bool old_reject;
+};
+
+static void yyparse(void);
+static struct op *pipeline(int);
+static struct op *andor(void);
+static struct op *c_list(bool);
+static struct ioword *synio(int);
+static struct op *nested(int, int, int);
+static struct op *get_command(int);
+static struct op *dogroup(void);
+static struct op *thenpart(void);
+static struct op *elsepart(void);
+static struct op *caselist(void);
+static struct op *casepart(int);
+static struct op *function_body(char *, bool);
+static char **wordlist(void);
+static struct op *block(int, struct op *, struct op *);
+static struct op *newtp(int);
+static void syntaxerr(const char *) MKSH_A_NORETURN;
+static void nesting_push(struct nesting_state *, int);
+static void nesting_pop(struct nesting_state *);
+static int inalias(struct source *) MKSH_A_PURE;
+static Test_op dbtestp_isa(Test_env *, Test_meta);
+static const char *dbtestp_getopnd(Test_env *, Test_op, bool);
+static int dbtestp_eval(Test_env *, Test_op, const char *,
+    const char *, bool);
+static void dbtestp_error(Test_env *, int, const char *) MKSH_A_NORETURN;
+
+static struct op *outtree;             /* yyparse output */
+static struct nesting_state nesting;   /* \n changed to ; */
+
+static bool reject;                    /* token(cf) gets symbol again */
+static int symbol;                     /* yylex value */
+static int sALIAS = ALIAS;             /* 0 in yyrecursive */
+
+#define REJECT         (reject = true)
+#define ACCEPT         (reject = false)
+#define token(cf)      ((reject) ? (ACCEPT, symbol) : (symbol = yylex(cf)))
+#define tpeek(cf)      ((reject) ? (symbol) : (REJECT, symbol = yylex(cf)))
+#define musthave(c,cf) do { if (token(cf) != (c)) syntaxerr(NULL); } while (/* CONSTCOND */ 0)
+
+static const char Tcbrace[] = "}";
+static const char Tesac[] = "esac";
+
+static void
+yyparse(void)
+{
+       int c;
+
+       ACCEPT;
+
+       outtree = c_list(source->type == SSTRING);
+       c = tpeek(0);
+       if (c == 0 && !outtree)
+               outtree = newtp(TEOF);
+       else if (c != '\n' && c != 0)
+               syntaxerr(NULL);
+}
+
+static struct op *
+pipeline(int cf)
+{
+       struct op *t, *p, *tl = NULL;
+
+       t = get_command(cf);
+       if (t != NULL) {
+               while (token(0) == '|') {
+                       if ((p = get_command(CONTIN)) == NULL)
+                               syntaxerr(NULL);
+                       if (tl == NULL)
+                               t = tl = block(TPIPE, t, p);
+                       else
+                               tl = tl->right = block(TPIPE, tl->right, p);
+               }
+               REJECT;
+       }
+       return (t);
+}
+
+static struct op *
+andor(void)
+{
+       struct op *t, *p;
+       int c;
+
+       t = pipeline(0);
+       if (t != NULL) {
+               while ((c = token(0)) == LOGAND || c == LOGOR) {
+                       if ((p = pipeline(CONTIN)) == NULL)
+                               syntaxerr(NULL);
+                       t = block(c == LOGAND? TAND: TOR, t, p);
+               }
+               REJECT;
+       }
+       return (t);
+}
+
+static struct op *
+c_list(bool multi)
+{
+       struct op *t = NULL, *p, *tl = NULL;
+       int c;
+       bool have_sep;
+
+       while (/* CONSTCOND */ 1) {
+               p = andor();
+               /*
+                * Token has always been read/rejected at this point, so
+                * we don't worry about what flags to pass token()
+                */
+               c = token(0);
+               have_sep = true;
+               if (c == '\n' && (multi || inalias(source))) {
+                       if (!p)
+                               /* ignore blank lines */
+                               continue;
+               } else if (!p)
+                       break;
+               else if (c == '&' || c == COPROC)
+                       p = block(c == '&' ? TASYNC : TCOPROC, p, NULL);
+               else if (c != ';')
+                       have_sep = false;
+               if (!t)
+                       t = p;
+               else if (!tl)
+                       t = tl = block(TLIST, t, p);
+               else
+                       tl = tl->right = block(TLIST, tl->right, p);
+               if (!have_sep)
+                       break;
+       }
+       REJECT;
+       return (t);
+}
+
+static const char IONDELIM_delim[] = { CHAR, '<', CHAR, '<', EOS };
+
+static struct ioword *
+synio(int cf)
+{
+       struct ioword *iop;
+       static struct ioword *nextiop;
+       bool ishere;
+
+       if (nextiop != NULL) {
+               iop = nextiop;
+               nextiop = NULL;
+               return (iop);
+       }
+
+       if (tpeek(cf) != REDIR)
+               return (NULL);
+       ACCEPT;
+       iop = yylval.iop;
+       ishere = (iop->ioflag & IOTYPE) == IOHERE;
+       if (iop->ioflag & IOHERESTR) {
+               musthave(LWORD, 0);
+       } else if (ishere && tpeek(HEREDELIM) == '\n') {
+               ACCEPT;
+               yylval.cp = wdcopy(IONDELIM_delim, ATEMP);
+               iop->ioflag |= IOEVAL | IONDELIM;
+       } else
+               musthave(LWORD, ishere ? HEREDELIM : 0);
+       if (ishere) {
+               iop->delim = yylval.cp;
+               if (*ident != 0 && !(iop->ioflag & IOHERESTR)) {
+                       /* unquoted */
+                       iop->ioflag |= IOEVAL;
+               }
+               if (herep > &heres[HERES - 1])
+                       yyerror("too many %ss\n", "<<");
+               *herep++ = iop;
+       } else
+               iop->ioname = yylval.cp;
+
+       if (iop->ioflag & IOBASH) {
+               char *cp;
+
+               nextiop = alloc(sizeof(*iop), ATEMP);
+#ifdef MKSH_CONSERVATIVE_FDS
+               nextiop->ioname = cp = alloc(3, ATEMP);
+#else
+               nextiop->ioname = cp = alloc(5, ATEMP);
+
+               if (iop->unit > 9) {
+                       *cp++ = CHAR;
+                       *cp++ = digits_lc[iop->unit / 10];
+               }
+#endif
+               *cp++ = CHAR;
+               *cp++ = digits_lc[iop->unit % 10];
+               *cp = EOS;
+
+               iop->ioflag &= ~IOBASH;
+               nextiop->unit = 2;
+               nextiop->ioflag = IODUP;
+               nextiop->delim = NULL;
+               nextiop->heredoc = NULL;
+       }
+       return (iop);
+}
+
+static struct op *
+nested(int type, int smark, int emark)
+{
+       struct op *t;
+       struct nesting_state old_nesting;
+
+       nesting_push(&old_nesting, smark);
+       t = c_list(true);
+       musthave(emark, KEYWORD|sALIAS);
+       nesting_pop(&old_nesting);
+       return (block(type, t, NULL));
+}
+
+static const char let_cmd[] = {
+       QCHAR, 'l', CHAR, 'e', CHAR, 't', CHAR, ']', EOS
+};
+static const char setA_cmd0[] = {
+       QCHAR, 's', CHAR, 'e', CHAR, 't', EOS
+};
+static const char setA_cmd1[] = {
+       CHAR, '-', CHAR, 'A', EOS
+};
+static const char setA_cmd2[] = {
+       CHAR, '-', CHAR, '-', EOS
+};
+
+static struct op *
+get_command(int cf)
+{
+       struct op *t;
+       int c, iopn = 0, syniocf, lno;
+       struct ioword *iop, **iops;
+       XPtrV args, vars;
+       struct nesting_state old_nesting;
+
+       /* NUFILE is small enough to leave this addition unchecked */
+       iops = alloc2((NUFILE + 1), sizeof(struct ioword *), ATEMP);
+       XPinit(args, 16);
+       XPinit(vars, 16);
+
+       syniocf = KEYWORD|sALIAS;
+       switch (c = token(cf|KEYWORD|sALIAS|CMDASN)) {
+       default:
+               REJECT;
+               afree(iops, ATEMP);
+               XPfree(args);
+               XPfree(vars);
+               /* empty line */
+               return (NULL);
+
+       case LWORD:
+       case REDIR:
+               REJECT;
+               syniocf &= ~(KEYWORD|sALIAS);
+               t = newtp(TCOM);
+               t->lineno = source->line;
+               goto get_command_begin;
+               while (/* CONSTCOND */ 1) {
+                       bool check_assign_cmd;
+
+                       if (XPsize(args) == 0) {
+ get_command_begin:
+                               check_assign_cmd = true;
+                               cf = sALIAS | CMDASN;
+                       } else if (t->u.evalflags)
+                               cf = CMDWORD | CMDASN;
+                       else
+                               cf = CMDWORD;
+                       switch (tpeek(cf)) {
+                       case REDIR:
+                               while ((iop = synio(cf)) != NULL) {
+                                       if (iopn >= NUFILE)
+                                               yyerror("too many %ss\n",
+                                                   "redirection");
+                                       iops[iopn++] = iop;
+                               }
+                               break;
+
+                       case LWORD:
+                               ACCEPT;
+                               /*
+                                * the iopn == 0 and XPsize(vars) == 0 are
+                                * dubious but AT&T ksh acts this way
+                                */
+                               if (iopn == 0 && XPsize(vars) == 0 &&
+                                   check_assign_cmd) {
+                                       if (assign_command(ident, false))
+                                               t->u.evalflags = DOVACHECK;
+                                       else if (strcmp(ident, Tcommand) != 0)
+                                               check_assign_cmd = false;
+                               }
+                               if ((XPsize(args) == 0 || Flag(FKEYWORD)) &&
+                                   is_wdvarassign(yylval.cp))
+                                       XPput(vars, yylval.cp);
+                               else
+                                       XPput(args, yylval.cp);
+                               break;
+
+                       case '(' /*)*/:
+                               if (XPsize(args) == 0 && XPsize(vars) == 1 &&
+                                   is_wdvarassign(yylval.cp)) {
+                                       char *tcp;
+
+                                       /* wdarrassign: foo=(bar) */
+                                       ACCEPT;
+
+                                       /* manipulate the vars string */
+                                       tcp = XPptrv(vars)[(vars.len = 0)];
+                                       /* 'varname=' -> 'varname' */
+                                       tcp[wdscan(tcp, EOS) - tcp - 3] = EOS;
+
+                                       /* construct new args strings */
+                                       XPput(args, wdcopy(setA_cmd0, ATEMP));
+                                       XPput(args, wdcopy(setA_cmd1, ATEMP));
+                                       XPput(args, tcp);
+                                       XPput(args, wdcopy(setA_cmd2, ATEMP));
+
+                                       /* slurp in words till closing paren */
+                                       while (token(CONTIN) == LWORD)
+                                               XPput(args, yylval.cp);
+                                       if (symbol != /*(*/ ')')
+                                               syntaxerr(NULL);
+                               } else {
+                                       /*
+                                        * Check for "> foo (echo hi)"
+                                        * which AT&T ksh allows (not
+                                        * POSIX, but not disallowed)
+                                        */
+                                       afree(t, ATEMP);
+                                       if (XPsize(args) == 0 &&
+                                           XPsize(vars) == 0) {
+                                               ACCEPT;
+                                               goto Subshell;
+                                       }
+
+                                       /* must be a function */
+                                       if (iopn != 0 || XPsize(args) != 1 ||
+                                           XPsize(vars) != 0)
+                                               syntaxerr(NULL);
+                                       ACCEPT;
+                                       musthave(/*(*/')', 0);
+                                       t = function_body(XPptrv(args)[0], false);
+                               }
+                               goto Leave;
+
+                       default:
+                               goto Leave;
+                       }
+               }
+ Leave:
+               break;
+
+       case '(': /*)*/ {
+               int subshell_nesting_type_saved;
+ Subshell:
+               subshell_nesting_type_saved = subshell_nesting_type;
+               subshell_nesting_type = ')';
+               t = nested(TPAREN, '(', ')');
+               subshell_nesting_type = subshell_nesting_type_saved;
+               break;
+           }
+
+       case '{': /*}*/
+               t = nested(TBRACE, '{', '}');
+               break;
+
+       case MDPAREN:
+               /* leave KEYWORD in syniocf (allow if (( 1 )) then ...) */
+               lno = source->line;
+               ACCEPT;
+               switch (token(LETEXPR)) {
+               case LWORD:
+                       break;
+               case '(': /*)*/
+                       c = '(';
+                       goto Subshell;
+               default:
+                       syntaxerr(NULL);
+               }
+               t = newtp(TCOM);
+               t->lineno = lno;
+               XPput(args, wdcopy(let_cmd, ATEMP));
+               XPput(args, yylval.cp);
+               break;
+
+       case DBRACKET: /* [[ .. ]] */
+               /* leave KEYWORD in syniocf (allow if [[ -n 1 ]] then ...) */
+               t = newtp(TDBRACKET);
+               ACCEPT;
+               {
+                       Test_env te;
+
+                       te.flags = TEF_DBRACKET;
+                       te.pos.av = &args;
+                       te.isa = dbtestp_isa;
+                       te.getopnd = dbtestp_getopnd;
+                       te.eval = dbtestp_eval;
+                       te.error = dbtestp_error;
+
+                       test_parse(&te);
+               }
+               break;
+
+       case FOR:
+       case SELECT:
+               t = newtp((c == FOR) ? TFOR : TSELECT);
+               musthave(LWORD, CMDASN);
+               if (!is_wdvarname(yylval.cp, true))
+                       yyerror("%s: bad identifier\n",
+                           c == FOR ? "for" : Tselect);
+               strdupx(t->str, ident, ATEMP);
+               nesting_push(&old_nesting, c);
+               t->vars = wordlist();
+               t->left = dogroup();
+               nesting_pop(&old_nesting);
+               break;
+
+       case WHILE:
+       case UNTIL:
+               nesting_push(&old_nesting, c);
+               t = newtp((c == WHILE) ? TWHILE : TUNTIL);
+               t->left = c_list(true);
+               t->right = dogroup();
+               nesting_pop(&old_nesting);
+               break;
+
+       case CASE:
+               t = newtp(TCASE);
+               musthave(LWORD, 0);
+               t->str = yylval.cp;
+               nesting_push(&old_nesting, c);
+               t->left = caselist();
+               nesting_pop(&old_nesting);
+               break;
+
+       case IF:
+               nesting_push(&old_nesting, c);
+               t = newtp(TIF);
+               t->left = c_list(true);
+               t->right = thenpart();
+               musthave(FI, KEYWORD|sALIAS);
+               nesting_pop(&old_nesting);
+               break;
+
+       case BANG:
+               syniocf &= ~(KEYWORD|sALIAS);
+               t = pipeline(0);
+               if (t == NULL)
+                       syntaxerr(NULL);
+               t = block(TBANG, NULL, t);
+               break;
+
+       case TIME:
+               syniocf &= ~(KEYWORD|sALIAS);
+               t = pipeline(0);
+               if (t && t->type == TCOM) {
+                       t->str = alloc(2, ATEMP);
+                       /* TF_* flags */
+                       t->str[0] = '\0';
+                       t->str[1] = '\0';
+               }
+               t = block(TTIME, t, NULL);
+               break;
+
+       case FUNCTION:
+               musthave(LWORD, 0);
+               t = function_body(yylval.cp, true);
+               break;
+       }
+
+       while ((iop = synio(syniocf)) != NULL) {
+               if (iopn >= NUFILE)
+                       yyerror("too many %ss\n", "redirection");
+               iops[iopn++] = iop;
+       }
+
+       if (iopn == 0) {
+               afree(iops, ATEMP);
+               t->ioact = NULL;
+       } else {
+               iops[iopn++] = NULL;
+               iops = aresize2(iops, iopn, sizeof(struct ioword *), ATEMP);
+               t->ioact = iops;
+       }
+
+       if (t->type == TCOM || t->type == TDBRACKET) {
+               XPput(args, NULL);
+               t->args = (const char **)XPclose(args);
+               XPput(vars, NULL);
+               t->vars = (char **)XPclose(vars);
+       } else {
+               XPfree(args);
+               XPfree(vars);
+       }
+
+       if (c == MDPAREN) {
+               t = block(TBRACE, t, NULL);
+               t->ioact = t->left->ioact;
+               t->left->ioact = NULL;
+       }
+
+       return (t);
+}
+
+static struct op *
+dogroup(void)
+{
+       int c;
+       struct op *list;
+
+       c = token(CONTIN|KEYWORD|sALIAS);
+       /*
+        * A {...} can be used instead of do...done for for/select loops
+        * but not for while/until loops - we don't need to check if it
+        * is a while loop because it would have been parsed as part of
+        * the conditional command list...
+        */
+       if (c == DO)
+               c = DONE;
+       else if (c == '{')
+               c = '}';
+       else
+               syntaxerr(NULL);
+       list = c_list(true);
+       musthave(c, KEYWORD|sALIAS);
+       return (list);
+}
+
+static struct op *
+thenpart(void)
+{
+       struct op *t;
+
+       musthave(THEN, KEYWORD|sALIAS);
+       t = newtp(0);
+       t->left = c_list(true);
+       if (t->left == NULL)
+               syntaxerr(NULL);
+       t->right = elsepart();
+       return (t);
+}
+
+static struct op *
+elsepart(void)
+{
+       struct op *t;
+
+       switch (token(KEYWORD|sALIAS|CMDASN)) {
+       case ELSE:
+               if ((t = c_list(true)) == NULL)
+                       syntaxerr(NULL);
+               return (t);
+
+       case ELIF:
+               t = newtp(TELIF);
+               t->left = c_list(true);
+               t->right = thenpart();
+               return (t);
+
+       default:
+               REJECT;
+       }
+       return (NULL);
+}
+
+static struct op *
+caselist(void)
+{
+       struct op *t, *tl;
+       int c;
+
+       c = token(CONTIN|KEYWORD|sALIAS);
+       /* A {...} can be used instead of in...esac for case statements */
+       if (c == IN)
+               c = ESAC;
+       else if (c == '{')
+               c = '}';
+       else
+               syntaxerr(NULL);
+       t = tl = NULL;
+       /* no ALIAS here */
+       while ((tpeek(CONTIN|KEYWORD|ESACONLY)) != c) {
+               struct op *tc = casepart(c);
+               if (tl == NULL)
+                       t = tl = tc, tl->right = NULL;
+               else
+                       tl->right = tc, tl = tc;
+       }
+       musthave(c, KEYWORD|sALIAS);
+       return (t);
+}
+
+static struct op *
+casepart(int endtok)
+{
+       struct op *t;
+       XPtrV ptns;
+
+       XPinit(ptns, 16);
+       t = newtp(TPAT);
+       /* no ALIAS here */
+       if (token(CONTIN | KEYWORD) != '(')
+               REJECT;
+       do {
+               switch (token(0)) {
+               case LWORD:
+                       break;
+               case '}':
+               case ESAC:
+                       if (symbol != endtok) {
+                               strdupx(yylval.cp,
+                                   symbol == '}' ? Tcbrace : Tesac, ATEMP);
+                               break;
+                       }
+                       /* FALLTHROUGH */
+               default:
+                       syntaxerr(NULL);
+               }
+               XPput(ptns, yylval.cp);
+       } while (token(0) == '|');
+       REJECT;
+       XPput(ptns, NULL);
+       t->vars = (char **)XPclose(ptns);
+       musthave(')', 0);
+
+       t->left = c_list(true);
+
+       /* initialise to default for ;; or omitted */
+       t->u.charflag = ';';
+       /* SUSv4 requires the ;; except in the last casepart */
+       if ((tpeek(CONTIN|KEYWORD|sALIAS)) != endtok)
+               switch (symbol) {
+               default:
+                       syntaxerr(NULL);
+               case BRKEV:
+                       t->u.charflag = '|';
+                       if (0)
+                               /* FALLTHROUGH */
+               case BRKFT:
+                       t->u.charflag = '&';
+                       /* FALLTHROUGH */
+               case BREAK:
+                       /* initialised above, but we need to eat the token */
+                       ACCEPT;
+               }
+       return (t);
+}
+
+static struct op *
+function_body(char *name,
+    /* function foo { ... } vs foo() { .. } */
+    bool ksh_func)
+{
+       char *sname, *p;
+       struct op *t;
+
+       sname = wdstrip(name, 0);
+       /*-
+        * Check for valid characters in name. POSIX and AT&T ksh93 say
+        * only allow [a-zA-Z_0-9] but this allows more as old pdkshs
+        * have allowed more; the following were never allowed:
+        *      NUL TAB NL SP " $ & ' ( ) ; < = > \ ` |
+        * C_QUOTE covers all but adds # * ? [ ]
+        */
+       for (p = sname; *p; p++)
+               if (ctype(*p, C_QUOTE))
+                       yyerror("%s: invalid function name\n", sname);
+
+       /*
+        * Note that POSIX allows only compound statements after foo(),
+        * sh and AT&T ksh allow any command, go with the later since it
+        * shouldn't break anything. However, for function foo, AT&T ksh
+        * only accepts an open-brace.
+        */
+       if (ksh_func) {
+               if (tpeek(CONTIN|KEYWORD|sALIAS) == '(' /*)*/) {
+                       /* function foo () { //}*/
+                       ACCEPT;
+                       musthave(')', 0);
+                       /* degrade to POSIX function */
+                       ksh_func = false;
+               }
+               musthave('{' /*}*/, CONTIN|KEYWORD|sALIAS);
+               REJECT;
+       }
+
+       t = newtp(TFUNCT);
+       t->str = sname;
+       t->u.ksh_func = tobool(ksh_func);
+       t->lineno = source->line;
+
+       if ((t->left = get_command(CONTIN)) == NULL) {
+               char *tv;
+               /*
+                * Probably something like foo() followed by EOF or ';'.
+                * This is accepted by sh and ksh88.
+                * To make "typeset -f foo" work reliably (so its output can
+                * be used as input), we pretend there is a colon here.
+                */
+               t->left = newtp(TCOM);
+               /* (2 * sizeof(char *)) is small enough */
+               t->left->args = alloc(2 * sizeof(char *), ATEMP);
+               t->left->args[0] = tv = alloc(3, ATEMP);
+               tv[0] = QCHAR;
+               tv[1] = ':';
+               tv[2] = EOS;
+               t->left->args[1] = NULL;
+               t->left->vars = alloc(sizeof(char *), ATEMP);
+               t->left->vars[0] = NULL;
+               t->left->lineno = 1;
+       }
+
+       return (t);
+}
+
+static char **
+wordlist(void)
+{
+       int c;
+       XPtrV args;
+
+       XPinit(args, 16);
+       /* POSIX does not do alias expansion here... */
+       if ((c = token(CONTIN|KEYWORD|sALIAS)) != IN) {
+               if (c != ';')
+                       /* non-POSIX, but AT&T ksh accepts a ; here */
+                       REJECT;
+               return (NULL);
+       }
+       while ((c = token(0)) == LWORD)
+               XPput(args, yylval.cp);
+       if (c != '\n' && c != ';')
+               syntaxerr(NULL);
+       XPput(args, NULL);
+       return ((char **)XPclose(args));
+}
+
+/*
+ * supporting functions
+ */
+
+static struct op *
+block(int type, struct op *t1, struct op *t2)
+{
+       struct op *t;
+
+       t = newtp(type);
+       t->left = t1;
+       t->right = t2;
+       return (t);
+}
+
+static const struct tokeninfo {
+       const char *name;
+       short val;
+       short reserved;
+} tokentab[] = {
+       /* Reserved words */
+       { "if",         IF,     true },
+       { "then",       THEN,   true },
+       { "else",       ELSE,   true },
+       { "elif",       ELIF,   true },
+       { "fi",         FI,     true },
+       { "case",       CASE,   true },
+       { Tesac,        ESAC,   true },
+       { "for",        FOR,    true },
+       { Tselect,      SELECT, true },
+       { "while",      WHILE,  true },
+       { "until",      UNTIL,  true },
+       { "do",         DO,     true },
+       { "done",       DONE,   true },
+       { "in",         IN,     true },
+       { Tfunction,    FUNCTION, true },
+       { "time",       TIME,   true },
+       { "{",          '{',    true },
+       { Tcbrace,      '}',    true },
+       { "!",          BANG,   true },
+       { "[[",         DBRACKET, true },
+       /* Lexical tokens (0[EOF], LWORD and REDIR handled specially) */
+       { "&&",         LOGAND, false },
+       { "||",         LOGOR,  false },
+       { ";;",         BREAK,  false },
+       { ";|",         BRKEV,  false },
+       { ";&",         BRKFT,  false },
+       { "((",         MDPAREN, false },
+       { "|&",         COPROC, false },
+       /* and some special cases... */
+       { "newline",    '\n',   false },
+       { NULL,         0,      false }
+};
+
+void
+initkeywords(void)
+{
+       struct tokeninfo const *tt;
+       struct tbl *p;
+
+       ktinit(APERM, &keywords,
+           /* currently 28 keywords: 75% of 64 = 2^6 */
+           6);
+       for (tt = tokentab; tt->name; tt++) {
+               if (tt->reserved) {
+                       p = ktenter(&keywords, tt->name, hash(tt->name));
+                       p->flag |= DEFINED|ISSET;
+                       p->type = CKEYWD;
+                       p->val.i = tt->val;
+               }
+       }
+}
+
+static void
+syntaxerr(const char *what)
+{
+       /* 23<<- is the longest redirection, I think */
+       char redir[8];
+       const char *s;
+       struct tokeninfo const *tt;
+       int c;
+
+       if (!what)
+               what = "unexpected";
+       REJECT;
+       c = token(0);
+ Again:
+       switch (c) {
+       case 0:
+               if (nesting.start_token) {
+                       c = nesting.start_token;
+                       source->errline = nesting.start_line;
+                       what = "unmatched";
+                       goto Again;
+               }
+               /* don't quote the EOF */
+               yyerror("%s: unexpected EOF\n", Tsynerr);
+               /* NOTREACHED */
+
+       case LWORD:
+               s = snptreef(NULL, 32, "%S", yylval.cp);
+               break;
+
+       case REDIR:
+               s = snptreef(redir, sizeof(redir), "%R", yylval.iop);
+               break;
+
+       default:
+               for (tt = tokentab; tt->name; tt++)
+                       if (tt->val == c)
+                           break;
+               if (tt->name)
+                       s = tt->name;
+               else {
+                       if (c > 0 && c < 256) {
+                               redir[0] = c;
+                               redir[1] = '\0';
+                       } else
+                               shf_snprintf(redir, sizeof(redir),
+                                       "?%d", c);
+                       s = redir;
+               }
+       }
+       yyerror("%s: '%s' %s\n", Tsynerr, s, what);
+}
+
+static void
+nesting_push(struct nesting_state *save, int tok)
+{
+       *save = nesting;
+       nesting.start_token = tok;
+       nesting.start_line = source->line;
+}
+
+static void
+nesting_pop(struct nesting_state *saved)
+{
+       nesting = *saved;
+}
+
+static struct op *
+newtp(int type)
+{
+       struct op *t;
+
+       t = alloc(sizeof(struct op), ATEMP);
+       t->type = type;
+       t->u.evalflags = 0;
+       t->args = NULL;
+       t->vars = NULL;
+       t->ioact = NULL;
+       t->left = t->right = NULL;
+       t->str = NULL;
+       return (t);
+}
+
+struct op *
+compile(Source *s, bool skiputf8bom)
+{
+       nesting.start_token = 0;
+       nesting.start_line = 0;
+       herep = heres;
+       source = s;
+       if (skiputf8bom)
+               yyskiputf8bom();
+       yyparse();
+       return (outtree);
+}
+
+/*-
+ * This kludge exists to take care of sh/AT&T ksh oddity in which
+ * the arguments of alias/export/readonly/typeset have no field
+ * splitting, file globbing, or (normal) tilde expansion done.
+ * AT&T ksh seems to do something similar to this since
+ *     $ touch a=a; typeset a=[ab]; echo "$a"
+ *     a=[ab]
+ *     $ x=typeset; $x a=[ab]; echo "$a"
+ *     a=a
+ *     $
+ */
+int
+assign_command(const char *s, bool docommand)
+{
+       if (!*s)
+               return (0);
+       return ((strcmp(s, Talias) == 0) ||
+           (strcmp(s, Texport) == 0) ||
+           (strcmp(s, Treadonly) == 0) ||
+           (docommand && (strcmp(s, Tcommand) == 0)) ||
+           (strcmp(s, Ttypeset) == 0));
+}
+
+/* Check if we are in the middle of reading an alias */
+static int
+inalias(struct source *s)
+{
+       for (; s && s->type == SALIAS; s = s->next)
+               if (!(s->flags & SF_ALIASEND))
+                       return (1);
+       return (0);
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * Order important - indexed by Test_meta values
+ * Note that ||, &&, ( and ) can't appear in as unquoted strings
+ * in normal shell input, so these can be interpreted unambiguously
+ * in the evaluation pass.
+ */
+static const char dbtest_or[] = { CHAR, '|', CHAR, '|', EOS };
+static const char dbtest_and[] = { CHAR, '&', CHAR, '&', EOS };
+static const char dbtest_not[] = { CHAR, '!', EOS };
+static const char dbtest_oparen[] = { CHAR, '(', EOS };
+static const char dbtest_cparen[] = { CHAR, ')', EOS };
+const char * const dbtest_tokens[] = {
+       dbtest_or, dbtest_and, dbtest_not,
+       dbtest_oparen, dbtest_cparen
+};
+static const char db_close[] = { CHAR, ']', CHAR, ']', EOS };
+static const char db_lthan[] = { CHAR, '<', EOS };
+static const char db_gthan[] = { CHAR, '>', EOS };
+
+/*
+ * Test if the current token is a whatever. Accepts the current token if
+ * it is. Returns 0 if it is not, non-zero if it is (in the case of
+ * TM_UNOP and TM_BINOP, the returned value is a Test_op).
+ */
+static Test_op
+dbtestp_isa(Test_env *te, Test_meta meta)
+{
+       int c = tpeek(CMDASN | (meta == TM_BINOP ? 0 : CONTIN));
+       bool uqword;
+       char *save = NULL;
+       Test_op ret = TO_NONOP;
+
+       /* unquoted word? */
+       uqword = c == LWORD && *ident;
+
+       if (meta == TM_OR)
+               ret = c == LOGOR ? TO_NONNULL : TO_NONOP;
+       else if (meta == TM_AND)
+               ret = c == LOGAND ? TO_NONNULL : TO_NONOP;
+       else if (meta == TM_NOT)
+               ret = (uqword && !strcmp(yylval.cp,
+                   dbtest_tokens[(int)TM_NOT])) ? TO_NONNULL : TO_NONOP;
+       else if (meta == TM_OPAREN)
+               ret = c == '(' /*)*/ ? TO_NONNULL : TO_NONOP;
+       else if (meta == TM_CPAREN)
+               ret = c == /*(*/ ')' ? TO_NONNULL : TO_NONOP;
+       else if (meta == TM_UNOP || meta == TM_BINOP) {
+               if (meta == TM_BINOP && c == REDIR &&
+                   (yylval.iop->ioflag == IOREAD ||
+                   yylval.iop->ioflag == IOWRITE)) {
+                       ret = TO_NONNULL;
+                       save = wdcopy(yylval.iop->ioflag == IOREAD ?
+                           db_lthan : db_gthan, ATEMP);
+               } else if (uqword && (ret = test_isop(meta, ident)))
+                       save = yylval.cp;
+       } else
+               /* meta == TM_END */
+               ret = (uqword && !strcmp(yylval.cp,
+                   db_close)) ? TO_NONNULL : TO_NONOP;
+       if (ret != TO_NONOP) {
+               ACCEPT;
+               if ((unsigned int)meta < NELEM(dbtest_tokens))
+                       save = wdcopy(dbtest_tokens[(int)meta], ATEMP);
+               if (save)
+                       XPput(*te->pos.av, save);
+       }
+       return (ret);
+}
+
+static const char *
+dbtestp_getopnd(Test_env *te, Test_op op MKSH_A_UNUSED,
+    bool do_eval MKSH_A_UNUSED)
+{
+       int c = tpeek(CMDASN);
+
+       if (c != LWORD)
+               return (NULL);
+
+       ACCEPT;
+       XPput(*te->pos.av, yylval.cp);
+
+       return (null);
+}
+
+static int
+dbtestp_eval(Test_env *te MKSH_A_UNUSED, Test_op op MKSH_A_UNUSED,
+    const char *opnd1 MKSH_A_UNUSED, const char *opnd2 MKSH_A_UNUSED,
+    bool do_eval MKSH_A_UNUSED)
+{
+       return (1);
+}
+
+static void
+dbtestp_error(Test_env *te, int offset, const char *msg)
+{
+       te->flags |= TEF_ERROR;
+
+       if (offset < 0) {
+               REJECT;
+               /* Kludgy to say the least... */
+               symbol = LWORD;
+               yylval.cp = *(XPptrv(*te->pos.av) + XPsize(*te->pos.av) +
+                   offset);
+       }
+       syntaxerr(msg);
+}
+
+#if HAVE_SELECT
+
+#ifndef EOVERFLOW
+#ifdef ERANGE
+#define EOVERFLOW      ERANGE
+#else
+#define EOVERFLOW      EINVAL
+#endif
+#endif
+
+bool
+parse_usec(const char *s, struct timeval *tv)
+{
+       struct timeval tt;
+       int i;
+
+       tv->tv_sec = 0;
+       /* parse integral part */
+       while (ksh_isdigit(*s)) {
+               tt.tv_sec = tv->tv_sec * 10 + ksh_numdig(*s++);
+               /*XXX this overflow check maybe UB */
+               if (tt.tv_sec / 10 != tv->tv_sec) {
+                       errno = EOVERFLOW;
+                       return (true);
+               }
+               tv->tv_sec = tt.tv_sec;
+       }
+
+       tv->tv_usec = 0;
+       if (!*s)
+               /* no decimal fraction */
+               return (false);
+       else if (*s++ != '.') {
+               /* junk after integral part */
+               errno = EINVAL;
+               return (true);
+       }
+
+       /* parse decimal fraction */
+       i = 100000;
+       while (ksh_isdigit(*s)) {
+               tv->tv_usec += i * ksh_numdig(*s++);
+               if (i == 1)
+                       break;
+               i /= 10;
+       }
+       /* check for junk after fractional part */
+       while (ksh_isdigit(*s))
+               ++s;
+       if (*s) {
+               errno = EINVAL;
+               return (true);
+       }
+
+       /* end of input string reached, no errors */
+       return (false);
+}
+#endif
+
+/*
+ * Helper function called from within lex.c:yylex() to parse
+ * a COMSUB recursively using the main shell parser and lexer
+ */
+char *
+yyrecursive(int subtype MKSH_A_UNUSED)
+{
+       struct op *t;
+       char *cp;
+       struct yyrecursive_state *ys;
+       int stok, etok;
+
+       if (subtype != COMSUB) {
+               stok = '{';
+               etok = '}';
+       } else {
+               stok = '(';
+               etok = ')';
+       }
+
+       ys = alloc(sizeof(struct yyrecursive_state), ATEMP);
+
+       /* tell the lexer to accept a closing parenthesis as EOD */
+       ys->old_nesting_type = subshell_nesting_type;
+       subshell_nesting_type = etok;
+
+       /* push reject state, parse recursively, pop reject state */
+       ys->old_reject = reject;
+       ys->old_symbol = symbol;
+       ACCEPT;
+       memcpy(ys->old_heres, heres, sizeof(heres));
+       ys->old_herep = herep;
+       herep = heres;
+       ys->old_salias = sALIAS;
+       sALIAS = 0;
+       ys->next = e->yyrecursive_statep;
+       e->yyrecursive_statep = ys;
+       /* we use TPAREN as a helper container here */
+       t = nested(TPAREN, stok, etok);
+       yyrecursive_pop(false);
+
+       /* t->left because nested(TPAREN, ...) hides our goodies there */
+       cp = snptreef(NULL, 0, "%T", t->left);
+       tfree(t, ATEMP);
+
+       return (cp);
+}
+
+void
+yyrecursive_pop(bool popall)
+{
+       struct yyrecursive_state *ys;
+
+ popnext:
+       if (!(ys = e->yyrecursive_statep))
+               return;
+       e->yyrecursive_statep = ys->next;
+
+       sALIAS = ys->old_salias;
+       memcpy(heres, ys->old_heres, sizeof(heres));
+       herep = ys->old_herep;
+       reject = ys->old_reject;
+       symbol = ys->old_symbol;
+
+       subshell_nesting_type = ys->old_nesting_type;
+
+       afree(ys, ATEMP);
+       if (popall)
+               goto popnext;
+}
diff --git a/source/sh/tree.c b/source/sh/tree.c
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..5dbebd0
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,1142 @@
+/*     $OpenBSD: tree.c,v 1.21 2015/09/01 13:12:31 tedu Exp $  */
+
+/*-
+ * Copyright (c) 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010,
+ *              2011, 2012, 2013, 2015, 2016
+ *     mirabilos <m@mirbsd.org>
+ *
+ * Provided that these terms and disclaimer and all copyright notices
+ * are retained or reproduced in an accompanying document, permission
+ * is granted to deal in this work without restriction, including un-
+ * limited rights to use, publicly perform, distribute, sell, modify,
+ * merge, give away, or sublicence.
+ *
+ * This work is provided "AS IS" and WITHOUT WARRANTY of any kind, to
+ * the utmost extent permitted by applicable law, neither express nor
+ * implied; without malicious intent or gross negligence. In no event
+ * may a licensor, author or contributor be held liable for indirect,
+ * direct, other damage, loss, or other issues arising in any way out
+ * of dealing in the work, even if advised of the possibility of such
+ * damage or existence of a defect, except proven that it results out
+ * of said person's immediate fault when using the work as intended.
+ */
+
+#include "sh.h"
+
+__RCSID("$MirOS: src/bin/mksh/tree.c,v 1.83 2016/03/04 14:26:16 tg Exp $");
+
+#define INDENT 8
+
+static void ptree(struct op *, int, struct shf *);
+static void pioact(struct shf *, struct ioword *);
+static const char *wdvarput(struct shf *, const char *, int, int);
+static void vfptreef(struct shf *, int, const char *, va_list);
+static struct ioword **iocopy(struct ioword **, Area *);
+static void iofree(struct ioword **, Area *);
+
+/* "foo& ; bar" and "foo |& ; bar" are invalid */
+static bool prevent_semicolon;
+
+static const char Telif_pT[] = "elif %T";
+
+/*
+ * print a command tree
+ */
+static void
+ptree(struct op *t, int indent, struct shf *shf)
+{
+       const char **w;
+       struct ioword **ioact;
+       struct op *t1;
+       int i;
+
+ Chain:
+       if (t == NULL)
+               return;
+       switch (t->type) {
+       case TCOM:
+               prevent_semicolon = false;
+               /*
+                * special-case 'var=<<EOF' (rough; see
+                * exec.c:execute() for full code)
+                */
+               if (
+                   /* we have zero arguments, i.e. no programme to run */
+                   t->args[0] == NULL &&
+                   /* we have exactly one variable assignment */
+                   t->vars[0] != NULL && t->vars[1] == NULL &&
+                   /* we have exactly one I/O redirection */
+                   t->ioact != NULL && t->ioact[0] != NULL &&
+                   t->ioact[1] == NULL &&
+                   /* of type "here document" (or "here string") */
+                   (t->ioact[0]->ioflag & IOTYPE) == IOHERE) {
+                       fptreef(shf, indent, "%S", t->vars[0]);
+                       break;
+               }
+
+               if (t->vars) {
+                       w = (const char **)t->vars;
+                       while (*w)
+                               fptreef(shf, indent, "%S ", *w++);
+               } else
+                       shf_puts("#no-vars# ", shf);
+               if (t->args) {
+                       w = t->args;
+                       while (*w)
+                               fptreef(shf, indent, "%S ", *w++);
+               } else
+                       shf_puts("#no-args# ", shf);
+               break;
+       case TEXEC:
+               t = t->left;
+               goto Chain;
+       case TPAREN:
+               fptreef(shf, indent + 2, "( %T) ", t->left);
+               break;
+       case TPIPE:
+               fptreef(shf, indent, "%T| ", t->left);
+               t = t->right;
+               goto Chain;
+       case TLIST:
+               fptreef(shf, indent, "%T%;", t->left);
+               t = t->right;
+               goto Chain;
+       case TOR:
+       case TAND:
+               fptreef(shf, indent, "%T%s %T",
+                   t->left, (t->type == TOR) ? "||" : "&&", t->right);
+               break;
+       case TBANG:
+               shf_puts("! ", shf);
+               prevent_semicolon = false;
+               t = t->right;
+               goto Chain;
+       case TDBRACKET:
+               w = t->args;
+               shf_puts("[[", shf);
+               while (*w)
+                       fptreef(shf, indent, " %S", *w++);
+               shf_puts(" ]] ", shf);
+               break;
+       case TSELECT:
+       case TFOR:
+               fptreef(shf, indent, "%s %s ",
+                   (t->type == TFOR) ? "for" : Tselect, t->str);
+               if (t->vars != NULL) {
+                       shf_puts("in ", shf);
+                       w = (const char **)t->vars;
+                       while (*w)
+                               fptreef(shf, indent, "%S ", *w++);
+                       fptreef(shf, indent, "%;");
+               }
+               fptreef(shf, indent + INDENT, "do%N%T", t->left);
+               fptreef(shf, indent, "%;done ");
+               break;
+       case TCASE:
+               fptreef(shf, indent, "case %S in", t->str);
+               for (t1 = t->left; t1 != NULL; t1 = t1->right) {
+                       fptreef(shf, indent, "%N(");
+                       w = (const char **)t1->vars;
+                       while (*w) {
+                               fptreef(shf, indent, "%S%c", *w,
+                                   (w[1] != NULL) ? '|' : ')');
+                               ++w;
+                       }
+                       fptreef(shf, indent + INDENT, "%N%T%N;%c", t1->left,
+                           t1->u.charflag);
+               }
+               fptreef(shf, indent, "%Nesac ");
+               break;
+#ifdef DEBUG
+       case TELIF:
+               internal_errorf("TELIF in tree.c:ptree() unexpected");
+               /* FALLTHROUGH */
+#endif
+       case TIF:
+               i = 2;
+               t1 = t;
+               goto process_TIF;
+               do {
+                       t1 = t1->right;
+                       i = 0;
+                       fptreef(shf, indent, "%;");
+ process_TIF:
+                       /* 5 == strlen("elif ") */
+                       fptreef(shf, indent + 5 - i, Telif_pT + i, t1->left);
+                       t1 = t1->right;
+                       if (t1->left != NULL) {
+                               fptreef(shf, indent, "%;");
+                               fptreef(shf, indent + INDENT, "%s%N%T",
+                                   "then", t1->left);
+                       }
+               } while (t1->right && t1->right->type == TELIF);
+               if (t1->right != NULL) {
+                       fptreef(shf, indent, "%;");
+                       fptreef(shf, indent + INDENT, "%s%N%T",
+                           "else", t1->right);
+               }
+               fptreef(shf, indent, "%;fi ");
+               break;
+       case TWHILE:
+       case TUNTIL:
+               /* 6 == strlen("while "/"until ") */
+               fptreef(shf, indent + 6, "%s %T",
+                   (t->type == TWHILE) ? "while" : "until",
+                   t->left);
+               fptreef(shf, indent, "%;");
+               fptreef(shf, indent + INDENT, "do%N%T", t->right);
+               fptreef(shf, indent, "%;done ");
+               break;
+       case TBRACE:
+               fptreef(shf, indent + INDENT, "{%N%T", t->left);
+               fptreef(shf, indent, "%;} ");
+               break;
+       case TCOPROC:
+               fptreef(shf, indent, "%T|& ", t->left);
+               prevent_semicolon = true;
+               break;
+       case TASYNC:
+               fptreef(shf, indent, "%T& ", t->left);
+               prevent_semicolon = true;
+               break;
+       case TFUNCT:
+               fpFUNCTf(shf, indent, tobool(t->u.ksh_func), t->str, t->left);
+               break;
+       case TTIME:
+               fptreef(shf, indent, "%s %T", "time", t->left);
+               break;
+       default:
+               shf_puts("<botch>", shf);
+               prevent_semicolon = false;
+               break;
+       }
+       if ((ioact = t->ioact) != NULL) {
+               bool need_nl = false;
+
+               while (*ioact != NULL)
+                       pioact(shf, *ioact++);
+               /* Print here documents after everything else... */
+               ioact = t->ioact;
+               while (*ioact != NULL) {
+                       struct ioword *iop = *ioact++;
+
+                       /* heredoc is NULL when tracing (set -x) */
+                       if ((iop->ioflag & (IOTYPE | IOHERESTR)) == IOHERE &&
+                           iop->heredoc) {
+                               shf_putc('\n', shf);
+                               shf_puts(iop->heredoc, shf);
+                               fptreef(shf, indent, "%s",
+                                   evalstr(iop->delim, 0));
+                               need_nl = true;
+                       }
+               }
+               /*
+                * Last delimiter must be followed by a newline (this
+                * often leads to an extra blank line, but it's not
+                * worth worrying about)
+                */
+               if (need_nl) {
+                       shf_putc('\n', shf);
+                       prevent_semicolon = true;
+               }
+       }
+}
+
+static void
+pioact(struct shf *shf, struct ioword *iop)
+{
+       unsigned short flag = iop->ioflag;
+       unsigned short type = flag & IOTYPE;
+       short expected;
+
+       expected = (type == IOREAD || type == IORDWR || type == IOHERE) ? 0 :
+           (type == IOCAT || type == IOWRITE) ? 1 :
+           (type == IODUP && (iop->unit == !(flag & IORDUP))) ? iop->unit :
+           iop->unit + 1;
+       if (iop->unit != expected)
+               shf_fprintf(shf, "%d", (int)iop->unit);
+
+       switch (type) {
+       case IOREAD:
+               shf_putc('<', shf);
+               break;
+       case IOHERE:
+               shf_puts("<<", shf);
+               if (flag & IOSKIP)
+                       shf_putc('-', shf);
+               else if (flag & IOHERESTR)
+                       shf_putc('<', shf);
+               break;
+       case IOCAT:
+               shf_puts(">>", shf);
+               break;
+       case IOWRITE:
+               shf_putc('>', shf);
+               if (flag & IOCLOB)
+                       shf_putc('|', shf);
+               break;
+       case IORDWR:
+               shf_puts("<>", shf);
+               break;
+       case IODUP:
+               shf_puts(flag & IORDUP ? "<&" : ">&", shf);
+               break;
+       }
+       /* name/delim are NULL when printing syntax errors */
+       if (type == IOHERE) {
+               if (iop->delim && !(iop->ioflag & IONDELIM))
+                       wdvarput(shf, iop->delim, 0, WDS_TPUTS);
+       } else if (iop->ioname) {
+               if (flag & IONAMEXP)
+                       print_value_quoted(shf, iop->ioname);
+               else
+                       wdvarput(shf, iop->ioname, 0, WDS_TPUTS);
+       }
+       shf_putc(' ', shf);
+       prevent_semicolon = false;
+}
+
+/* variant of fputs for ptreef and wdstrip */
+static const char *
+wdvarput(struct shf *shf, const char *wp, int quotelevel, int opmode)
+{
+       int c;
+       const char *cs;
+
+       /*-
+        * problems:
+        *      `...` -> $(...)
+        *      'foo' -> "foo"
+        *      x${foo:-"hi"} -> x${foo:-hi} unless WDS_TPUTS
+        *      x${foo:-'hi'} -> x${foo:-hi}
+        * could change encoding to:
+        *      OQUOTE ["'] ... CQUOTE ["']
+        *      COMSUB [(`] ...\0       (handle $ ` \ and maybe " in `...` case)
+        */
+       while (/* CONSTCOND */ 1)
+               switch (*wp++) {
+               case EOS:
+                       return (--wp);
+               case ADELIM:
+                       if (*wp == /*{*/'}') {
+                               ++wp;
+                               goto wdvarput_csubst;
+                       }
+               case CHAR:
+                       c = *wp++;
+                       shf_putc(c, shf);
+                       break;
+               case QCHAR: {
+                       bool doq;
+
+                       c = *wp++;
+                       doq = (c == '"' || c == '`' || c == '$' || c == '\\');
+                       if (opmode & WDS_TPUTS) {
+                               if (quotelevel == 0)
+                                       doq = true;
+                       } else {
+                               doq = false;
+                       }
+                       if (doq)
+                               shf_putc('\\', shf);
+                       shf_putc(c, shf);
+                       break;
+               }
+               case COMSUB:
+                       shf_puts("$(", shf);
+                       cs = ")";
+ pSUB:
+                       while ((c = *wp++) != 0)
+                               shf_putc(c, shf);
+                       shf_puts(cs, shf);
+                       break;
+               case FUNSUB:
+                       c = ' ';
+                       if (0)
+                               /* FALLTHROUGH */
+               case VALSUB:
+                         c = '|';
+                       shf_putc('$', shf);
+                       shf_putc('{', shf);
+                       shf_putc(c, shf);
+                       cs = ";}";
+                       goto pSUB;
+               case EXPRSUB:
+                       shf_puts("$((", shf);
+                       cs = "))";
+                       goto pSUB;
+               case OQUOTE:
+                       if (opmode & WDS_TPUTS) {
+                               quotelevel++;
+                               shf_putc('"', shf);
+                       }
+                       break;
+               case CQUOTE:
+                       if (opmode & WDS_TPUTS) {
+                               if (quotelevel)
+                                       quotelevel--;
+                               shf_putc('"', shf);
+                       }
+                       break;
+               case OSUBST:
+                       shf_putc('$', shf);
+                       if (*wp++ == '{')
+                               shf_putc('{', shf);
+                       while ((c = *wp++) != 0)
+                               shf_putc(c, shf);
+                       wp = wdvarput(shf, wp, 0, opmode);
+                       break;
+               case CSUBST:
+                       if (*wp++ == '}') {
+ wdvarput_csubst:
+                               shf_putc('}', shf);
+                       }
+                       return (wp);
+               case OPAT:
+                       shf_putchar(*wp++, shf);
+                       shf_putc('(', shf);
+                       break;
+               case SPAT:
+                       c = '|';
+                       if (0)
+               case CPAT:
+                               c = /*(*/ ')';
+                       shf_putc(c, shf);
+                       break;
+               }
+}
+
+/*
+ * this is the _only_ way to reliably handle
+ * variable args with an ANSI compiler
+ */
+/* VARARGS */
+void
+fptreef(struct shf *shf, int indent, const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+       va_list va;
+
+       va_start(va, fmt);
+       vfptreef(shf, indent, fmt, va);
+       va_end(va);
+}
+
+/* VARARGS */
+char *
+snptreef(char *s, ssize_t n, const char *fmt, ...)
+{
+       va_list va;
+       struct shf shf;
+
+       shf_sopen(s, n, SHF_WR | (s ? 0 : SHF_DYNAMIC), &shf);
+
+       va_start(va, fmt);
+       vfptreef(&shf, 0, fmt, va);
+       va_end(va);
+
+       /* shf_sclose NUL terminates */
+       return (shf_sclose(&shf));
+}
+
+static void
+vfptreef(struct shf *shf, int indent, const char *fmt, va_list va)
+{
+       int c;
+
+       while ((c = *fmt++)) {
+               if (c == '%') {
+                       switch ((c = *fmt++)) {
+                       case 'c':
+                               /* character (octet, probably) */
+                               shf_putchar(va_arg(va, int), shf);
+                               break;
+                       case 's':
+                               /* string */
+                               shf_puts(va_arg(va, char *), shf);
+                               break;
+                       case 'S':
+                               /* word */
+                               wdvarput(shf, va_arg(va, char *), 0, WDS_TPUTS);
+                               break;
+                       case 'd':
+                               /* signed decimal */
+                               shf_fprintf(shf, "%d", va_arg(va, int));
+                               break;
+                       case 'u':
+                               /* unsigned decimal */
+                               shf_fprintf(shf, "%u", va_arg(va, unsigned int));
+                               break;
+                       case 'T':
+                               /* format tree */
+                               ptree(va_arg(va, struct op *), indent, shf);
+                               goto dont_trash_prevent_semicolon;
+                       case ';':
+                               /* newline or ; */
+                       case 'N':
+                               /* newline or space */
+                               if (shf->flags & SHF_STRING) {
+                                       if (c == ';' && !prevent_semicolon)
+                                               shf_putc(';', shf);
+                                       shf_putc(' ', shf);
+                               } else {
+                                       int i;
+
+                                       shf_putc('\n', shf);
+                                       i = indent;
+                                       while (i >= 8) {
+                                               shf_putc('\t', shf);
+                                               i -= 8;
+                                       }
+                                       while (i--)
+                                               shf_putc(' ', shf);
+                               }
+                               break;
+                       case 'R':
+                               /* I/O redirection */
+                               pioact(shf, va_arg(va, struct ioword *));
+                               break;
+                       default:
+                               shf_putc(c, shf);
+                               break;
+                       }
+               } else
+                       shf_putc(c, shf);
+               prevent_semicolon = false;
+ dont_trash_prevent_semicolon:
+               ;
+       }
+}
+
+/*
+ * copy tree (for function definition)
+ */
+struct op *
+tcopy(struct op *t, Area *ap)
+{
+       struct op *r;
+       const char **tw;
+       char **rw;
+
+       if (t == NULL)
+               return (NULL);
+
+       r = alloc(sizeof(struct op), ap);
+
+       r->type = t->type;
+       r->u.evalflags = t->u.evalflags;
+
+       if (t->type == TCASE)
+               r->str = wdcopy(t->str, ap);
+       else
+               strdupx(r->str, t->str, ap);
+
+       if (t->vars == NULL)
+               r->vars = NULL;
+       else {
+               tw = (const char **)t->vars;
+               while (*tw)
+                       ++tw;
+               rw = r->vars = alloc2(tw - (const char **)t->vars + 1,
+                   sizeof(*tw), ap);
+               tw = (const char **)t->vars;
+               while (*tw)
+                       *rw++ = wdcopy(*tw++, ap);
+               *rw = NULL;
+       }
+
+       if (t->args == NULL)
+               r->args = NULL;
+       else {
+               tw = t->args;
+               while (*tw)
+                       ++tw;
+               r->args = (const char **)(rw = alloc2(tw - t->args + 1,
+                   sizeof(*tw), ap));
+               tw = t->args;
+               while (*tw)
+                       *rw++ = wdcopy(*tw++, ap);
+               *rw = NULL;
+       }
+
+       r->ioact = (t->ioact == NULL) ? NULL : iocopy(t->ioact, ap);
+
+       r->left = tcopy(t->left, ap);
+       r->right = tcopy(t->right, ap);
+       r->lineno = t->lineno;
+
+       return (r);
+}
+
+char *
+wdcopy(const char *wp, Area *ap)
+{
+       size_t len;
+
+       len = wdscan(wp, EOS) - wp;
+       return (memcpy(alloc(len, ap), wp, len));
+}
+
+/* return the position of prefix c in wp plus 1 */
+const char *
+wdscan(const char *wp, int c)
+{
+       int nest = 0;
+
+       while (/* CONSTCOND */ 1)
+               switch (*wp++) {
+               case EOS:
+                       return (wp);
+               case ADELIM:
+                       if (c == ADELIM && nest == 0)
+                               return (wp + 1);
+                       if (*wp == /*{*/'}')
+                               goto wdscan_csubst;
+                       /* FALLTHROUGH */
+               case CHAR:
+               case QCHAR:
+                       wp++;
+                       break;
+               case COMSUB:
+               case FUNSUB:
+               case VALSUB:
+               case EXPRSUB:
+                       while (*wp++ != 0)
+                               ;
+                       break;
+               case OQUOTE:
+               case CQUOTE:
+                       break;
+               case OSUBST:
+                       nest++;
+                       while (*wp++ != '\0')
+                               ;
+                       break;
+               case CSUBST:
+ wdscan_csubst:
+                       wp++;
+                       if (c == CSUBST && nest == 0)
+                               return (wp);
+                       nest--;
+                       break;
+               case OPAT:
+                       nest++;
+                       wp++;
+                       break;
+               case SPAT:
+               case CPAT:
+                       if (c == wp[-1] && nest == 0)
+                               return (wp);
+                       if (wp[-1] == CPAT)
+                               nest--;
+                       break;
+               default:
+                       internal_warningf(
+                           "wdscan: unknown char 0x%X (carrying on)",
+                           (unsigned char)wp[-1]);
+               }
+}
+
+/*
+ * return a copy of wp without any of the mark up characters and with
+ * quote characters (" ' \) stripped. (string is allocated from ATEMP)
+ */
+char *
+wdstrip(const char *wp, int opmode)
+{
+       struct shf shf;
+
+       shf_sopen(NULL, 32, SHF_WR | SHF_DYNAMIC, &shf);
+       wdvarput(&shf, wp, 0, opmode);
+       /* shf_sclose NUL terminates */
+       return (shf_sclose(&shf));
+}
+
+static struct ioword **
+iocopy(struct ioword **iow, Area *ap)
+{
+       struct ioword **ior;
+       int i;
+
+       ior = iow;
+       while (*ior)
+               ++ior;
+       ior = alloc2(ior - iow + 1, sizeof(struct ioword *), ap);
+
+       for (i = 0; iow[i] != NULL; i++) {
+               struct ioword *p, *q;
+
+               p = iow[i];
+               q = alloc(sizeof(struct ioword), ap);
+               ior[i] = q;
+               *q = *p;
+               if (p->ioname != NULL)
+                       q->ioname = wdcopy(p->ioname, ap);
+               if (p->delim != NULL)
+                       q->delim = wdcopy(p->delim, ap);
+               if (p->heredoc != NULL)
+                       strdupx(q->heredoc, p->heredoc, ap);
+       }
+       ior[i] = NULL;
+
+       return (ior);
+}
+
+/*
+ * free tree (for function definition)
+ */
+void
+tfree(struct op *t, Area *ap)
+{
+       char **w;
+
+       if (t == NULL)
+               return;
+
+       afree(t->str, ap);
+
+       if (t->vars != NULL) {
+               for (w = t->vars; *w != NULL; w++)
+                       afree(*w, ap);
+               afree(t->vars, ap);
+       }
+
+       if (t->args != NULL) {
+               /*XXX we assume the caller is right */
+               union mksh_ccphack cw;
+
+               cw.ro = t->args;
+               for (w = cw.rw; *w != NULL; w++)
+                       afree(*w, ap);
+               afree(t->args, ap);
+       }
+
+       if (t->ioact != NULL)
+               iofree(t->ioact, ap);
+
+       tfree(t->left, ap);
+       tfree(t->right, ap);
+
+       afree(t, ap);
+}
+
+static void
+iofree(struct ioword **iow, Area *ap)
+{
+       struct ioword **iop;
+       struct ioword *p;
+
+       iop = iow;
+       while ((p = *iop++) != NULL) {
+               afree(p->ioname, ap);
+               afree(p->delim, ap);
+               afree(p->heredoc, ap);
+               afree(p, ap);
+       }
+       afree(iow, ap);
+}
+
+void
+fpFUNCTf(struct shf *shf, int i, bool isksh, const char *k, struct op *v)
+{
+       if (isksh)
+               fptreef(shf, i, "%s %s %T", Tfunction, k, v);
+       else if (ktsearch(&keywords, k, hash(k)))
+               fptreef(shf, i, "%s %s() %T", Tfunction, k, v);
+       else
+               fptreef(shf, i, "%s() %T", k, v);
+}
+
+
+/* for jobs.c */
+void
+vistree(char *dst, size_t sz, struct op *t)
+{
+       unsigned int c;
+       char *cp, *buf;
+       size_t n;
+
+       buf = alloc(sz + 16, ATEMP);
+       snptreef(buf, sz + 16, "%T", t);
+       cp = buf;
+ vist_loop:
+       if (UTFMODE && (n = utf_mbtowc(&c, cp)) != (size_t)-1) {
+               if (c == 0 || n >= sz)
+                       /* NUL or not enough free space */
+                       goto vist_out;
+               /* copy multibyte char */
+               sz -= n;
+               while (n--)
+                       *dst++ = *cp++;
+               goto vist_loop;
+       }
+       if (--sz == 0 || (c = (unsigned char)(*cp++)) == 0)
+               /* NUL or not enough free space */
+               goto vist_out;
+       if (ISCTRL(c & 0x7F)) {
+               /* C0 or C1 control character or DEL */
+               if (--sz == 0)
+                       /* not enough free space for two chars */
+                       goto vist_out;
+               *dst++ = (c & 0x80) ? '$' : '^';
+               c = UNCTRL(c & 0x7F);
+       } else if (UTFMODE && c > 0x7F) {
+               /* better not try to display broken multibyte chars */
+               /* also go easy on the Unicode: no U+FFFD here */
+               c = '?';
+       }
+       *dst++ = c;
+       goto vist_loop;
+
+ vist_out:
+       *dst = '\0';
+       afree(buf, ATEMP);
+}
+
+#ifdef DEBUG
+void
+dumpchar(struct shf *shf, int c)
+{
+       if (ISCTRL(c & 0x7F)) {
+               /* C0 or C1 control character or DEL */
+               shf_putc((c & 0x80) ? '$' : '^', shf);
+               c = UNCTRL(c & 0x7F);
+       }
+       shf_putc(c, shf);
+}
+
+/* see: wdvarput */
+static const char *
+dumpwdvar_i(struct shf *shf, const char *wp, int quotelevel)
+{
+       int c;
+
+       while (/* CONSTCOND */ 1) {
+               switch(*wp++) {
+               case EOS:
+                       shf_puts("EOS", shf);
+                       return (--wp);
+               case ADELIM:
+                       if (*wp == /*{*/'}') {
+                               shf_puts(/*{*/ "]ADELIM(})", shf);
+                               return (wp + 1);
+                       }
+                       shf_puts("ADELIM=", shf);
+                       if (0)
+               case CHAR:
+                               shf_puts("CHAR=", shf);
+                       dumpchar(shf, *wp++);
+                       break;
+               case QCHAR:
+                       shf_puts("QCHAR<", shf);
+                       c = *wp++;
+                       if (quotelevel == 0 ||
+                           (c == '"' || c == '`' || c == '$' || c == '\\'))
+                               shf_putc('\\', shf);
+                       dumpchar(shf, c);
+                       goto closeandout;
+               case COMSUB:
+                       shf_puts("COMSUB<", shf);
+ dumpsub:
+                       while ((c = *wp++) != 0)
+                               dumpchar(shf, c);
+ closeandout:
+                       shf_putc('>', shf);
+                       break;
+               case FUNSUB:
+                       shf_puts("FUNSUB<", shf);
+                       goto dumpsub;
+               case VALSUB:
+                       shf_puts("VALSUB<", shf);
+                       goto dumpsub;
+               case EXPRSUB:
+                       shf_puts("EXPRSUB<", shf);
+                       goto dumpsub;
+               case OQUOTE:
+                       shf_fprintf(shf, "OQUOTE{%d" /*}*/, ++quotelevel);
+                       break;
+               case CQUOTE:
+                       shf_fprintf(shf, /*{*/ "%d}CQUOTE", quotelevel);
+                       if (quotelevel)
+                               quotelevel--;
+                       else
+                               shf_puts("(err)", shf);
+                       break;
+               case OSUBST:
+                       shf_puts("OSUBST(", shf);
+                       dumpchar(shf, *wp++);
+                       shf_puts(")[", shf);
+                       while ((c = *wp++) != 0)
+                               dumpchar(shf, c);
+                       shf_putc('|', shf);
+                       wp = dumpwdvar_i(shf, wp, 0);
+                       break;
+               case CSUBST:
+                       shf_puts("]CSUBST(", shf);
+                       dumpchar(shf, *wp++);
+                       shf_putc(')', shf);
+                       return (wp);
+               case OPAT:
+                       shf_puts("OPAT=", shf);
+                       dumpchar(shf, *wp++);
+                       break;
+               case SPAT:
+                       shf_puts("SPAT", shf);
+                       break;
+               case CPAT:
+                       shf_puts("CPAT", shf);
+                       break;
+               default:
+                       shf_fprintf(shf, "INVAL<%u>", (uint8_t)wp[-1]);
+                       break;
+               }
+               shf_putc(' ', shf);
+       }
+}
+void
+dumpwdvar(struct shf *shf, const char *wp)
+{
+       dumpwdvar_i(shf, wp, 0);
+}
+
+void
+dumpioact(struct shf *shf, struct op *t)
+{
+       struct ioword **ioact, *iop;
+
+       if ((ioact = t->ioact) == NULL)
+               return;
+
+       shf_puts("{IOACT", shf);
+       while ((iop = *ioact++) != NULL) {
+               unsigned short type = iop->ioflag & IOTYPE;
+#define DT(x) case x: shf_puts(#x, shf); break;
+#define DB(x) if (iop->ioflag & x) shf_puts("|" #x, shf);
+
+               shf_putc(';', shf);
+               switch (type) {
+               DT(IOREAD)
+               DT(IOWRITE)
+               DT(IORDWR)
+               DT(IOHERE)
+               DT(IOCAT)
+               DT(IODUP)
+               default:
+                       shf_fprintf(shf, "unk%d", type);
+               }
+               DB(IOEVAL)
+               DB(IOSKIP)
+               DB(IOCLOB)
+               DB(IORDUP)
+               DB(IONAMEXP)
+               DB(IOBASH)
+               DB(IOHERESTR)
+               DB(IONDELIM)
+               shf_fprintf(shf, ",unit=%d", (int)iop->unit);
+               if (iop->delim && !(iop->ioflag & IONDELIM)) {
+                       shf_puts(",delim<", shf);
+                       dumpwdvar(shf, iop->delim);
+                       shf_putc('>', shf);
+               }
+               if (iop->ioname) {
+                       if (iop->ioflag & IONAMEXP) {
+                               shf_puts(",name=", shf);
+                               print_value_quoted(shf, iop->ioname);
+                       } else {
+                               shf_puts(",name<", shf);
+                               dumpwdvar(shf, iop->ioname);
+                               shf_putc('>', shf);
+                       }
+               }
+               if (iop->heredoc) {
+                       shf_puts(",heredoc=", shf);
+                       print_value_quoted(shf, iop->heredoc);
+               }
+#undef DT
+#undef DB
+       }
+       shf_putc('}', shf);
+}
+
+void
+dumptree(struct shf *shf, struct op *t)
+{
+       int i, j;
+       const char **w, *name;
+       struct op *t1;
+       static int nesting;
+
+       for (i = 0; i < nesting; ++i)
+               shf_putc('\t', shf);
+       ++nesting;
+       shf_puts("{tree:" /*}*/, shf);
+       if (t == NULL) {
+               name = "(null)";
+               goto out;
+       }
+       dumpioact(shf, t);
+       switch (t->type) {
+#define OPEN(x) case x: name = #x; shf_puts(" {" #x ":", shf); /*}*/
+
+       OPEN(TCOM)
+               if (t->vars) {
+                       i = 0;
+                       w = (const char **)t->vars;
+                       while (*w) {
+                               shf_putc('\n', shf);
+                               for (j = 0; j < nesting; ++j)
+                                       shf_putc('\t', shf);
+                               shf_fprintf(shf, " var%d<", i++);
+                               dumpwdvar(shf, *w++);
+                               shf_putc('>', shf);
+                       }
+               } else
+                       shf_puts(" #no-vars#", shf);
+               if (t->args) {
+                       i = 0;
+                       w = t->args;
+                       while (*w) {
+                               shf_putc('\n', shf);
+                               for (j = 0; j < nesting; ++j)
+                                       shf_putc('\t', shf);
+                               shf_fprintf(shf, " arg%d<", i++);
+                               dumpwdvar(shf, *w++);
+                               shf_putc('>', shf);
+                       }
+               } else
+                       shf_puts(" #no-args#", shf);
+               break;
+       OPEN(TEXEC)
+ dumpleftandout:
+               t = t->left;
+ dumpandout:
+               shf_putc('\n', shf);
+               dumptree(shf, t);
+               break;
+       OPEN(TPAREN)
+               goto dumpleftandout;
+       OPEN(TPIPE)
+ dumpleftmidrightandout:
+               shf_putc('\n', shf);
+               dumptree(shf, t->left);
+/* middumprightandout: (unused) */
+               shf_fprintf(shf, "/%s:", name);
+ dumprightandout:
+               t = t->right;
+               goto dumpandout;
+       OPEN(TLIST)
+               goto dumpleftmidrightandout;
+       OPEN(TOR)
+               goto dumpleftmidrightandout;
+       OPEN(TAND)
+               goto dumpleftmidrightandout;
+       OPEN(TBANG)
+               goto dumprightandout;
+       OPEN(TDBRACKET)
+               i = 0;
+               w = t->args;
+               while (*w) {
+                       shf_putc('\n', shf);
+                       for (j = 0; j < nesting; ++j)
+                               shf_putc('\t', shf);
+                       shf_fprintf(shf, " arg%d<", i++);
+                       dumpwdvar(shf, *w++);
+                       shf_putc('>', shf);
+               }
+               break;
+       OPEN(TFOR)
+ dumpfor:
+               shf_fprintf(shf, " str<%s>", t->str);
+               if (t->vars != NULL) {
+                       i = 0;
+                       w = (const char **)t->vars;
+                       while (*w) {
+                               shf_putc('\n', shf);
+                               for (j = 0; j < nesting; ++j)
+                                       shf_putc('\t', shf);
+                               shf_fprintf(shf, " var%d<", i++);
+                               dumpwdvar(shf, *w++);
+                               shf_putc('>', shf);
+                       }
+               }
+               goto dumpleftandout;
+       OPEN(TSELECT)
+               goto dumpfor;
+       OPEN(TCASE)
+               shf_fprintf(shf, " str<%s>", t->str);
+               i = 0;
+               for (t1 = t->left; t1 != NULL; t1 = t1->right) {
+                       shf_putc('\n', shf);
+                       for (j = 0; j < nesting; ++j)
+                               shf_putc('\t', shf);
+                       shf_fprintf(shf, " sub%d[(", i);
+                       w = (const char **)t1->vars;
+                       while (*w) {
+                               dumpwdvar(shf, *w);
+                               if (w[1] != NULL)
+                                       shf_putc('|', shf);
+                               ++w;
+                       }
+                       shf_putc(')', shf);
+                       dumpioact(shf, t);
+                       shf_putc('\n', shf);
+                       dumptree(shf, t1->left);
+                       shf_fprintf(shf, " ;%c/%d]", t1->u.charflag, i++);
+               }
+               break;
+       OPEN(TWHILE)
+               goto dumpleftmidrightandout;
+       OPEN(TUNTIL)
+               goto dumpleftmidrightandout;
+       OPEN(TBRACE)
+               goto dumpleftandout;
+       OPEN(TCOPROC)
+               goto dumpleftandout;
+       OPEN(TASYNC)
+               goto dumpleftandout;
+       OPEN(TFUNCT)
+               shf_fprintf(shf, " str<%s> ksh<%s>", t->str,
+                   t->u.ksh_func ? "true" : "false");
+               goto dumpleftandout;
+       OPEN(TTIME)
+               goto dumpleftandout;
+       OPEN(TIF)
+ dumpif:
+               shf_putc('\n', shf);
+               dumptree(shf, t->left);
+               t = t->right;
+               dumpioact(shf, t);
+               if (t->left != NULL) {
+                       shf_puts(" /TTHEN:\n", shf);
+                       dumptree(shf, t->left);
+               }
+               if (t->right && t->right->type == TELIF) {
+                       shf_puts(" /TELIF:", shf);
+                       t = t->right;
+                       dumpioact(shf, t);
+                       goto dumpif;
+               }
+               if (t->right != NULL) {
+                       shf_puts(" /TELSE:\n", shf);
+                       dumptree(shf, t->right);
+               }
+               break;
+       OPEN(TEOF)
+ dumpunexpected:
+               shf_puts("unexpected", shf);
+               break;
+       OPEN(TELIF)
+               goto dumpunexpected;
+       OPEN(TPAT)
+               goto dumpunexpected;
+       default:
+               name = "TINVALID";
+               shf_fprintf(shf, "{T<%d>:" /*}*/, t->type);
+               goto dumpunexpected;
+
+#undef OPEN
+       }
+ out:
+       shf_fprintf(shf, /*{*/ " /%s}\n", name);
+       --nesting;
+}
+#endif
diff --git a/source/sh/var.c b/source/sh/var.c
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..98c0a2e
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,1727 @@
+/*     $OpenBSD: var.c,v 1.44 2015/09/10 11:37:42 jca Exp $    */
+
+/*-
+ * Copyright (c) 2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010,
+ *              2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016
+ *     mirabilos <m@mirbsd.org>
+ *
+ * Provided that these terms and disclaimer and all copyright notices
+ * are retained or reproduced in an accompanying document, permission
+ * is granted to deal in this work without restriction, including un-
+ * limited rights to use, publicly perform, distribute, sell, modify,
+ * merge, give away, or sublicence.
+ *
+ * This work is provided "AS IS" and WITHOUT WARRANTY of any kind, to
+ * the utmost extent permitted by applicable law, neither express nor
+ * implied; without malicious intent or gross negligence. In no event
+ * may a licensor, author or contributor be held liable for indirect,
+ * direct, other damage, loss, or other issues arising in any way out
+ * of dealing in the work, even if advised of the possibility of such
+ * damage or existence of a defect, except proven that it results out
+ * of said person's immediate fault when using the work as intended.
+ */
+
+#include "sh.h"
+#include "mirhash.h"
+
+#if defined(__OpenBSD__)
+#include <sys/sysctl.h>
+#endif
+
+__RCSID("$MirOS: src/bin/mksh/var.c,v 1.201 2016/03/01 20:28:33 tg Exp $");
+
+/*-
+ * Variables
+ *
+ * WARNING: unreadable code, needs a rewrite
+ *
+ * if (flag&INTEGER), val.i contains integer value, and type contains base.
+ * otherwise, (val.s + type) contains string value.
+ * if (flag&EXPORT), val.s contains "name=value" for E-Z exporting.
+ */
+
+static struct table specials;
+static uint32_t lcg_state = 5381, qh_state = 4711;
+/* may only be set by typeset() just before call to array_index_calc() */
+static enum namerefflag innermost_refflag = SRF_NOP;
+
+static char *formatstr(struct tbl *, const char *);
+static void exportprep(struct tbl *, const char *);
+static int special(const char *);
+static void unspecial(const char *);
+static void getspec(struct tbl *);
+static void setspec(struct tbl *);
+static void unsetspec(struct tbl *);
+static int getint(struct tbl *, mksh_ari_u *, bool);
+static const char *array_index_calc(const char *, bool *, uint32_t *);
+
+/*
+ * create a new block for function calls and simple commands
+ * assume caller has allocated and set up e->loc
+ */
+void
+newblock(void)
+{
+       struct block *l;
+       static const char *empty[] = { null };
+
+       l = alloc(sizeof(struct block), ATEMP);
+       l->flags = 0;
+       /* TODO: could use e->area (l->area => l->areap) */
+       ainit(&l->area);
+       if (!e->loc) {
+               l->argc = 0;
+               l->argv = empty;
+       } else {
+               l->argc = e->loc->argc;
+               l->argv = e->loc->argv;
+       }
+       l->exit = l->error = NULL;
+       ktinit(&l->area, &l->vars, 0);
+       ktinit(&l->area, &l->funs, 0);
+       l->next = e->loc;
+       e->loc = l;
+}
+
+/*
+ * pop a block handling special variables
+ */
+void
+popblock(void)
+{
+       ssize_t i;
+       struct block *l = e->loc;
+       struct tbl *vp, **vpp = l->vars.tbls, *vq;
+
+       /* pop block */
+       e->loc = l->next;
+
+       i = 1 << (l->vars.tshift);
+       while (--i >= 0)
+               if ((vp = *vpp++) != NULL && (vp->flag&SPECIAL)) {
+                       if ((vq = global(vp->name))->flag & ISSET)
+                               setspec(vq);
+                       else
+                               unsetspec(vq);
+               }
+       if (l->flags & BF_DOGETOPTS)
+               user_opt = l->getopts_state;
+       afreeall(&l->area);
+       afree(l, ATEMP);
+}
+
+/* called by main() to initialise variable data structures */
+#define VARSPEC_DEFNS
+#include "var_spec.h"
+
+enum var_specs {
+#define VARSPEC_ENUMS
+#include "var_spec.h"
+       V_MAX
+};
+
+/* this is biased with -1 relative to VARSPEC_ENUMS */
+static const char * const initvar_names[] = {
+#define VARSPEC_ITEMS
+#include "var_spec.h"
+};
+
+void
+initvar(void)
+{
+       int i = 0;
+       struct tbl *tp;
+
+       ktinit(APERM, &specials,
+           /* currently 14 specials: 75% of 32 = 2^5 */
+           5);
+       while (i < V_MAX - 1) {
+               tp = ktenter(&specials, initvar_names[i],
+                   hash(initvar_names[i]));
+               tp->flag = DEFINED|ISSET;
+               tp->type = ++i;
+       }
+}
+
+/* common code for several functions below and c_typeset() */
+struct block *
+varsearch(struct block *l, struct tbl **vpp, const char *vn, uint32_t h)
+{
+       register struct tbl *vp;
+
+       if (l) {
+ varsearch_loop:
+               if ((vp = ktsearch(&l->vars, vn, h)) != NULL)
+                       goto varsearch_out;
+               if (l->next != NULL) {
+                       l = l->next;
+                       goto varsearch_loop;
+               }
+       }
+       vp = NULL;
+ varsearch_out:
+       *vpp = vp;
+       return (l);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Used to calculate an array index for global()/local(). Sets *arrayp
+ * to true if this is an array, sets *valp to the array index, returns
+ * the basename of the array. May only be called from global()/local()
+ * and must be their first callee.
+ */
+static const char *
+array_index_calc(const char *n, bool *arrayp, uint32_t *valp)
+{
+       const char *p;
+       size_t len;
+       char *ap = NULL;
+
+       *arrayp = false;
+ redo_from_ref:
+       p = skip_varname(n, false);
+       if (innermost_refflag == SRF_NOP && (p != n) && ksh_isalphx(n[0])) {
+               struct tbl *vp;
+               char *vn;
+
+               strndupx(vn, n, p - n, ATEMP);
+               /* check if this is a reference */
+               varsearch(e->loc, &vp, vn, hash(vn));
+               afree(vn, ATEMP);
+               if (vp && (vp->flag & (DEFINED | ASSOC | ARRAY)) ==
+                   (DEFINED | ASSOC)) {
+                       char *cp;
+
+                       /* gotcha! */
+                       cp = shf_smprintf("%s%s", str_val(vp), p);
+                       afree(ap, ATEMP);
+                       n = ap = cp;
+                       goto redo_from_ref;
+               }
+       }
+       innermost_refflag = SRF_NOP;
+
+       if (p != n && *p == '[' && (len = array_ref_len(p))) {
+               char *sub, *tmp;
+               mksh_ari_t rval;
+
+               /* calculate the value of the subscript */
+               *arrayp = true;
+               strndupx(tmp, p + 1, len - 2, ATEMP);
+               sub = substitute(tmp, 0);
+               afree(tmp, ATEMP);
+               strndupx(n, n, p - n, ATEMP);
+               evaluate(sub, &rval, KSH_UNWIND_ERROR, true);
+               *valp = (uint32_t)rval;
+               afree(sub, ATEMP);
+       }
+       return (n);
+}
+
+#define vn vname.ro
+/*
+ * Search for variable, if not found create globally.
+ */
+struct tbl *
+global(const char *n)
+{
+       struct tbl *vp;
+       union mksh_cchack vname;
+       struct block *l = e->loc;
+       int c;
+       bool array;
+       uint32_t h, val;
+
+       /*
+        * check to see if this is an array;
+        * dereference namerefs; must come first
+        */
+       vn = array_index_calc(n, &array, &val);
+       h = hash(vn);
+       c = (unsigned char)vn[0];
+       if (!ksh_isalphx(c)) {
+               if (array)
+                       errorf(Tbadsubst);
+               vp = vtemp;
+               vp->flag = DEFINED;
+               vp->type = 0;
+               vp->areap = ATEMP;
+               if (ksh_isdigit(c)) {
+                       if (getn(vn, &c)) {
+                               /* main.c:main_init() says 12 */
+                               shf_snprintf(vp->name, 12, "%d", c);
+                               if (c <= l->argc) {
+                                       /* setstr can't fail here */
+                                       setstr(vp, l->argv[c],
+                                           KSH_RETURN_ERROR);
+                               }
+                       } else
+                               vp->name[0] = '\0';
+                       vp->flag |= RDONLY;
+                       goto out;
+               }
+               vp->name[0] = c;
+               vp->name[1] = '\0';
+               vp->flag |= RDONLY;
+               if (vn[1] != '\0')
+                       goto out;
+               vp->flag |= ISSET|INTEGER;
+               switch (c) {
+               case '$':
+                       vp->val.i = kshpid;
+                       break;
+               case '!':
+                       /* if no job, expand to nothing */
+                       if ((vp->val.i = j_async()) == 0)
+                               vp->flag &= ~(ISSET|INTEGER);
+                       break;
+               case '?':
+                       vp->val.i = exstat & 0xFF;
+                       break;
+               case '#':
+                       vp->val.i = l->argc;
+                       break;
+               case '-':
+                       vp->flag &= ~INTEGER;
+                       vp->val.s = getoptions();
+                       break;
+               default:
+                       vp->flag &= ~(ISSET|INTEGER);
+               }
+               goto out;
+       }
+       l = varsearch(e->loc, &vp, vn, h);
+       if (vp != NULL) {
+               if (array)
+                       vp = arraysearch(vp, val);
+               goto out;
+       }
+       vp = ktenter(&l->vars, vn, h);
+       if (array)
+               vp = arraysearch(vp, val);
+       vp->flag |= DEFINED;
+       if (special(vn))
+               vp->flag |= SPECIAL;
+ out:
+       last_lookup_was_array = array;
+       if (vn != n)
+               afree(vname.rw, ATEMP);
+       return (vp);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Search for local variable, if not found create locally.
+ */
+struct tbl *
+local(const char *n, bool copy)
+{
+       struct tbl *vp;
+       union mksh_cchack vname;
+       struct block *l = e->loc;
+       bool array;
+       uint32_t h, val;
+
+       /*
+        * check to see if this is an array;
+        * dereference namerefs; must come first
+        */
+       vn = array_index_calc(n, &array, &val);
+       h = hash(vn);
+       if (!ksh_isalphx(*vn)) {
+               vp = vtemp;
+               vp->flag = DEFINED|RDONLY;
+               vp->type = 0;
+               vp->areap = ATEMP;
+               goto out;
+       }
+       vp = ktenter(&l->vars, vn, h);
+       if (copy && !(vp->flag & DEFINED)) {
+               struct tbl *vq;
+
+               varsearch(l->next, &vq, vn, h);
+               if (vq != NULL) {
+                       vp->flag |= vq->flag &
+                           (EXPORT | INTEGER | RDONLY | LJUST | RJUST |
+                           ZEROFIL | LCASEV | UCASEV_AL | INT_U | INT_L);
+                       if (vq->flag & INTEGER)
+                               vp->type = vq->type;
+                       vp->u2.field = vq->u2.field;
+               }
+       }
+       if (array)
+               vp = arraysearch(vp, val);
+       vp->flag |= DEFINED;
+       if (special(vn))
+               vp->flag |= SPECIAL;
+ out:
+       last_lookup_was_array = array;
+       if (vn != n)
+               afree(vname.rw, ATEMP);
+       return (vp);
+}
+#undef vn
+
+/* get variable string value */
+char *
+str_val(struct tbl *vp)
+{
+       char *s;
+
+       if ((vp->flag&SPECIAL))
+               getspec(vp);
+       if (!(vp->flag&ISSET))
+               /* special to dollar() */
+               s = null;
+       else if (!(vp->flag&INTEGER))
+               /* string source */
+               s = vp->val.s + vp->type;
+       else {
+               /* integer source */
+               mksh_uari_t n;
+               unsigned int base;
+               /**
+                * worst case number length is when base == 2:
+                *      1 (minus) + 2 (base, up to 36) + 1 ('#') +
+                *      number of bits in the mksh_uari_t + 1 (NUL)
+                */
+               char strbuf[1 + 2 + 1 + 8 * sizeof(mksh_uari_t) + 1];
+               const char *digits = (vp->flag & UCASEV_AL) ?
+                   digits_uc : digits_lc;
+
+               s = strbuf + sizeof(strbuf);
+               if (vp->flag & INT_U)
+                       n = vp->val.u;
+               else
+                       n = (vp->val.i < 0) ? -vp->val.u : vp->val.u;
+               base = (vp->type == 0) ? 10U : (unsigned int)vp->type;
+
+               if (base == 1 && n == 0)
+                       base = 2;
+               if (base == 1) {
+                       size_t sz = 1;
+
+                       *(s = strbuf) = '1';
+                       s[1] = '#';
+                       if (!UTFMODE || ((n & 0xFF80) == 0xEF80))
+                               /* OPTU-16 -> raw octet */
+                               s[2] = n & 0xFF;
+                       else
+                               sz = utf_wctomb(s + 2, n);
+                       s[2 + sz] = '\0';
+               } else {
+                       *--s = '\0';
+                       do {
+                               *--s = digits[n % base];
+                               n /= base;
+                       } while (n != 0);
+                       if (base != 10) {
+                               *--s = '#';
+                               *--s = digits[base % 10];
+                               if (base >= 10)
+                                       *--s = digits[base / 10];
+                       }
+                       if (!(vp->flag & INT_U) && vp->val.i < 0)
+                               *--s = '-';
+               }
+               if (vp->flag & (RJUST|LJUST))
+                       /* case already dealt with */
+                       s = formatstr(vp, s);
+               else
+                       strdupx(s, s, ATEMP);
+       }
+       return (s);
+}
+
+/* set variable to string value */
+int
+setstr(struct tbl *vq, const char *s, int error_ok)
+{
+       char *salloc = NULL;
+       bool no_ro_check = tobool(error_ok & 0x4);
+
+       error_ok &= ~0x4;
+       if ((vq->flag & RDONLY) && !no_ro_check) {
+               warningf(true, "read-only: %s", vq->name);
+               if (!error_ok)
+                       errorfxz(2);
+               return (0);
+       }
+       if (!(vq->flag&INTEGER)) {
+               /* string dest */
+               if ((vq->flag&ALLOC)) {
+#ifndef MKSH_SMALL
+                       /* debugging */
+                       if (s >= vq->val.s &&
+                           s <= vq->val.s + strlen(vq->val.s)) {
+                               internal_errorf(
+                                   "setstr: %s=%s: assigning to self",
+                                   vq->name, s);
+                       }
+#endif
+                       afree(vq->val.s, vq->areap);
+               }
+               vq->flag &= ~(ISSET|ALLOC);
+               vq->type = 0;
+               if (s && (vq->flag & (UCASEV_AL|LCASEV|LJUST|RJUST)))
+                       s = salloc = formatstr(vq, s);
+               if ((vq->flag&EXPORT))
+                       exportprep(vq, s);
+               else {
+                       strdupx(vq->val.s, s, vq->areap);
+                       vq->flag |= ALLOC;
+               }
+       } else {
+               /* integer dest */
+               if (!v_evaluate(vq, s, error_ok, true))
+                       return (0);
+       }
+       vq->flag |= ISSET;
+       if ((vq->flag&SPECIAL))
+               setspec(vq);
+       afree(salloc, ATEMP);
+       return (1);
+}
+
+/* set variable to integer */
+void
+setint(struct tbl *vq, mksh_ari_t n)
+{
+       if (!(vq->flag&INTEGER)) {
+               vtemp->flag = (ISSET|INTEGER);
+               vtemp->type = 0;
+               vtemp->areap = ATEMP;
+               vtemp->val.i = n;
+               /* setstr can't fail here */
+               setstr(vq, str_val(vtemp), KSH_RETURN_ERROR);
+       } else
+               vq->val.i = n;
+       vq->flag |= ISSET;
+       if ((vq->flag&SPECIAL))
+               setspec(vq);
+}
+
+static int
+getint(struct tbl *vp, mksh_ari_u *nump, bool arith)
+{
+       mksh_uari_t c, num = 0, base = 10;
+       const char *s;
+       bool have_base = false, neg = false;
+
+       if (vp->flag & SPECIAL)
+               getspec(vp);
+       /* XXX is it possible for ISSET to be set and val.s to be NULL? */
+       if (!(vp->flag & ISSET) || (!(vp->flag & INTEGER) && vp->val.s == NULL))
+               return (-1);
+       if (vp->flag & INTEGER) {
+               nump->i = vp->val.i;
+               return (vp->type);
+       }
+       s = vp->val.s + vp->type;
+
+       do {
+               c = (unsigned char)*s++;
+       } while (ksh_isspace(c));
+
+       switch (c) {
+       case '-':
+               neg = true;
+               /* FALLTHROUGH */
+       case '+':
+               c = (unsigned char)*s++;
+               break;
+       }
+
+       if (c == '0' && arith) {
+               if (ksh_eq(s[0], 'X', 'x')) {
+                       /* interpret as hexadecimal */
+                       base = 16;
+                       ++s;
+                       goto getint_c_style_base;
+               } else if (Flag(FPOSIX) && ksh_isdigit(s[0]) &&
+                   !(vp->flag & ZEROFIL)) {
+                       /* interpret as octal (deprecated) */
+                       base = 8;
+ getint_c_style_base:
+                       have_base = true;
+                       c = (unsigned char)*s++;
+               }
+       }
+
+       do {
+               if (c == '#') {
+                       /* ksh-style base determination */
+                       if (have_base || num < 1)
+                               return (-1);
+                       if ((base = num) == 1) {
+                               /* mksh-specific extension */
+                               unsigned int wc;
+
+                               if (!UTFMODE)
+                                       wc = *(const unsigned char *)s;
+                               else if (utf_mbtowc(&wc, s) == (size_t)-1)
+                                       /* OPTU-8 -> OPTU-16 */
+                                       /*
+                                        * (with a twist: 1#\uEF80 converts
+                                        * the same as 1#\x80 does, thus is
+                                        * not round-tripping correctly XXX)
+                                        */
+                                       wc = 0xEF00 + *(const unsigned char *)s;
+                               nump->u = (mksh_uari_t)wc;
+                               return (1);
+                       } else if (base > 36)
+                               base = 10;
+                       num = 0;
+                       have_base = true;
+                       continue;
+               }
+               if (ksh_isdigit(c))
+                       c = ksh_numdig(c);
+               else if (ksh_isupper(c))
+                       c = ksh_numuc(c) + 10;
+               else if (ksh_islower(c))
+                       c = ksh_numlc(c) + 10;
+               else
+                       return (-1);
+               if (c >= base)
+                       return (-1);
+               /* handle overflow as truncation */
+               num = num * base + c;
+       } while ((c = (unsigned char)*s++));
+
+       if (neg)
+               num = -num;
+       nump->u = num;
+       return (base);
+}
+
+/*
+ * convert variable vq to integer variable, setting its value from vp
+ * (vq and vp may be the same)
+ */
+struct tbl *
+setint_v(struct tbl *vq, struct tbl *vp, bool arith)
+{
+       int base;
+       mksh_ari_u num;
+
+       if ((base = getint(vp, &num, arith)) == -1)
+               return (NULL);
+       setint_n(vq, num.i, 0);
+       if (vq->type == 0)
+               /* default base */
+               vq->type = base;
+       return (vq);
+}
+
+/* convert variable vq to integer variable, setting its value to num */
+void
+setint_n(struct tbl *vq, mksh_ari_t num, int newbase)
+{
+       if (!(vq->flag & INTEGER) && (vq->flag & ALLOC)) {
+               vq->flag &= ~ALLOC;
+               vq->type = 0;
+               afree(vq->val.s, vq->areap);
+       }
+       vq->val.i = num;
+       if (newbase != 0)
+               vq->type = newbase;
+       vq->flag |= ISSET|INTEGER;
+       if (vq->flag&SPECIAL)
+               setspec(vq);
+}
+
+static char *
+formatstr(struct tbl *vp, const char *s)
+{
+       int olen, nlen;
+       char *p, *q;
+       size_t psiz;
+
+       olen = (int)utf_mbswidth(s);
+
+       if (vp->flag & (RJUST|LJUST)) {
+               if (!vp->u2.field)
+                       /* default field width */
+                       vp->u2.field = olen;
+               nlen = vp->u2.field;
+       } else
+               nlen = olen;
+
+       p = alloc((psiz = nlen * /* MB_LEN_MAX */ 3 + 1), ATEMP);
+       if (vp->flag & (RJUST|LJUST)) {
+               int slen = olen, i = 0;
+
+               if (vp->flag & RJUST) {
+                       const char *qq = s;
+                       int n = 0;
+
+                       while (i < slen)
+                               i += utf_widthadj(qq, &qq);
+                       /* strip trailing spaces (AT&T uses qq[-1] == ' ') */
+                       while (qq > s && ksh_isspace(qq[-1])) {
+                               --qq;
+                               --slen;
+                       }
+                       if (vp->flag & ZEROFIL && vp->flag & INTEGER) {
+                               if (!s[0] || !s[1])
+                                       goto uhm_no;
+                               if (s[1] == '#')
+                                       n = 2;
+                               else if (s[2] == '#')
+                                       n = 3;
+ uhm_no:
+                               if (vp->u2.field <= n)
+                                       n = 0;
+                       }
+                       if (n) {
+                               memcpy(p, s, n);
+                               s += n;
+                       }
+                       while (slen > vp->u2.field)
+                               slen -= utf_widthadj(s, &s);
+                       if (vp->u2.field - slen)
+                               memset(p + n, (vp->flag & ZEROFIL) ? '0' : ' ',
+                                   vp->u2.field - slen);
+                       slen -= n;
+                       shf_snprintf(p + vp->u2.field - slen,
+                           psiz - (vp->u2.field - slen),
+                           "%.*s", slen, s);
+               } else {
+                       /* strip leading spaces/zeros */
+                       while (ksh_isspace(*s))
+                               s++;
+                       if (vp->flag & ZEROFIL)
+                               while (*s == '0')
+                                       s++;
+                       shf_snprintf(p, nlen + 1, "%-*.*s",
+                               vp->u2.field, vp->u2.field, s);
+               }
+       } else
+               memcpy(p, s, strlen(s) + 1);
+
+       if (vp->flag & UCASEV_AL) {
+               for (q = p; *q; q++)
+                       *q = ksh_toupper(*q);
+       } else if (vp->flag & LCASEV) {
+               for (q = p; *q; q++)
+                       *q = ksh_tolower(*q);
+       }
+
+       return (p);
+}
+
+/*
+ * make vp->val.s be "name=value" for quick exporting.
+ */
+static void
+exportprep(struct tbl *vp, const char *val)
+{
+       char *xp;
+       char *op = (vp->flag&ALLOC) ? vp->val.s : NULL;
+       size_t namelen, vallen;
+
+       namelen = strlen(vp->name);
+       vallen = strlen(val) + 1;
+
+       vp->flag |= ALLOC;
+       /* since name+val are both in memory this can go unchecked */
+       xp = alloc(namelen + 1 + vallen, vp->areap);
+       memcpy(vp->val.s = xp, vp->name, namelen);
+       xp += namelen;
+       *xp++ = '=';
+       /* offset to value */
+       vp->type = xp - vp->val.s;
+       memcpy(xp, val, vallen);
+       afree(op, vp->areap);
+}
+
+/*
+ * lookup variable (according to (set&LOCAL)), set its attributes
+ * (INTEGER, RDONLY, EXPORT, TRACE, LJUST, RJUST, ZEROFIL, LCASEV,
+ * UCASEV_AL), and optionally set its value if an assignment.
+ */
+struct tbl *
+typeset(const char *var, uint32_t set, uint32_t clr, int field, int base)
+{
+       struct tbl *vp;
+       struct tbl *vpbase, *t;
+       char *tvar;
+       const char *val;
+       size_t len;
+       bool vappend = false;
+       enum namerefflag new_refflag = SRF_NOP;
+
+       if ((set & (ARRAY | ASSOC)) == ASSOC) {
+               new_refflag = SRF_ENABLE;
+               set &= ~(ARRAY | ASSOC);
+       }
+       if ((clr & (ARRAY | ASSOC)) == ASSOC) {
+               new_refflag = SRF_DISABLE;
+               clr &= ~(ARRAY | ASSOC);
+       }
+
+       /* check for valid variable name, search for value */
+       val = skip_varname(var, false);
+       if (val == var) {
+               /* no variable name given */
+               return (NULL);
+       }
+       if (*val == '[') {
+               if (new_refflag != SRF_NOP)
+                       errorf("%s: %s", var,
+                           "reference variable can't be an array");
+               len = array_ref_len(val);
+               if (len == 0)
+                       return (NULL);
+               /*
+                * IMPORT is only used when the shell starts up and is
+                * setting up its environment. Allow only simple array
+                * references at this time since parameter/command
+                * substitution is performed on the [expression] which
+                * would be a major security hole.
+                */
+               if (set & IMPORT) {
+                       size_t i;
+
+                       for (i = 1; i < len - 1; i++)
+                               if (!ksh_isdigit(val[i]))
+                                       return (NULL);
+               }
+               val += len;
+       }
+       if (val[0] == '=') {
+               strndupx(tvar, var, val - var, ATEMP);
+               ++val;
+       } else if (set & IMPORT) {
+               /* environment invalid variable name or no assignment */
+               return (NULL);
+       } else if (val[0] == '+' && val[1] == '=') {
+               strndupx(tvar, var, val - var, ATEMP);
+               val += 2;
+               vappend = true;
+       } else if (val[0] != '\0') {
+               /* other invalid variable names (not from environment) */
+               return (NULL);
+       } else {
+               /* just varname with no value part nor equals sign */
+               strdupx(tvar, var, ATEMP);
+               val = NULL;
+               /* handle foo[*] => foo (whole array) mapping for R39b */
+               len = strlen(tvar);
+               if (len > 3 && tvar[len - 3] == '[' && tvar[len - 2] == '*' &&
+                   tvar[len - 1] == ']')
+                       tvar[len - 3] = '\0';
+       }
+
+       if (new_refflag == SRF_ENABLE) {
+               const char *qval, *ccp;
+
+               /* bail out on 'nameref foo+=bar' */
+               if (vappend)
+                       errorf("appending not allowed for nameref");
+               /* find value if variable already exists */
+               if ((qval = val) == NULL) {
+                       varsearch(e->loc, &vp, tvar, hash(tvar));
+                       if (vp == NULL)
+                               goto nameref_empty;
+                       qval = str_val(vp);
+               }
+               /* check target value for being a valid variable name */
+               ccp = skip_varname(qval, false);
+               if (ccp == qval) {
+                       int c;
+
+                       if (!(c = (unsigned char)qval[0]))
+                               goto nameref_empty;
+                       else if (ksh_isdigit(c) && getn(qval, &c))
+                               goto nameref_rhs_checked;
+                       else if (qval[1] == '\0') switch (c) {
+                       case '$':
+                       case '!':
+                       case '?':
+                       case '#':
+                       case '-':
+                               goto nameref_rhs_checked;
+                       }
+ nameref_empty:
+                       errorf("%s: %s", var, "empty nameref target");
+               }
+               len = (*ccp == '[') ? array_ref_len(ccp) : 0;
+               if (ccp[len]) {
+                       /*
+                        * works for cases "no array", "valid array with
+                        * junk after it" and "invalid array"; in the
+                        * latter case, len is also 0 and points to '['
+                        */
+                       errorf("%s: %s", qval,
+                           "nameref target not a valid parameter name");
+               }
+ nameref_rhs_checked:
+               /* prevent nameref loops */
+               while (qval) {
+                       if (!strcmp(qval, tvar))
+                               errorf("%s: %s", qval,
+                                   "expression recurses on parameter");
+                       varsearch(e->loc, &vp, qval, hash(qval));
+                       qval = NULL;
+                       if (vp && ((vp->flag & (ARRAY | ASSOC)) == ASSOC))
+                               qval = str_val(vp);
+               }
+       }
+
+       /* prevent typeset from creating a local PATH/ENV/SHELL */
+       if (Flag(FRESTRICTED) && (strcmp(tvar, "PATH") == 0 ||
+           strcmp(tvar, "ENV") == 0 || strcmp(tvar, "SHELL") == 0))
+               errorf("%s: %s", tvar, "restricted");
+
+       innermost_refflag = new_refflag;
+       vp = (set & LOCAL) ? local(tvar, tobool(set & LOCAL_COPY)) :
+           global(tvar);
+       if (new_refflag == SRF_DISABLE && (vp->flag & (ARRAY|ASSOC)) == ASSOC)
+               vp->flag &= ~ASSOC;
+       else if (new_refflag == SRF_ENABLE) {
+               if (vp->flag & ARRAY) {
+                       struct tbl *a, *tmp;
+
+                       /* free up entire array */
+                       for (a = vp->u.array; a; ) {
+                               tmp = a;
+                               a = a->u.array;
+                               if (tmp->flag & ALLOC)
+                                       afree(tmp->val.s, tmp->areap);
+                               afree(tmp, tmp->areap);
+                       }
+                       vp->u.array = NULL;
+                       vp->flag &= ~ARRAY;
+               }
+               vp->flag |= ASSOC;
+       }
+
+       set &= ~(LOCAL|LOCAL_COPY);
+
+       vpbase = (vp->flag & ARRAY) ? global(arrayname(tvar)) : vp;
+
+       /*
+        * only allow export flag to be set; AT&T ksh allows any
+        * attribute to be changed which means it can be truncated or
+        * modified (-L/-R/-Z/-i)
+        */
+       if ((vpbase->flag & RDONLY) &&
+           (val || clr || (set & ~EXPORT)))
+               /* XXX check calls - is error here ok by POSIX? */
+               errorfx(2, "read-only: %s", tvar);
+       afree(tvar, ATEMP);
+
+       /* most calls are with set/clr == 0 */
+       if (set | clr) {
+               bool ok = true;
+
+               /*
+                * XXX if x[0] isn't set, there will be problems: need
+                * to have one copy of attributes for arrays...
+                */
+               for (t = vpbase; t; t = t->u.array) {
+                       bool fake_assign;
+                       char *s = NULL;
+                       char *free_me = NULL;
+
+                       fake_assign = (t->flag & ISSET) && (!val || t != vp) &&
+                           ((set & (UCASEV_AL|LCASEV|LJUST|RJUST|ZEROFIL)) ||
+                           ((t->flag & INTEGER) && (clr & INTEGER)) ||
+                           (!(t->flag & INTEGER) && (set & INTEGER)));
+                       if (fake_assign) {
+                               if (t->flag & INTEGER) {
+                                       s = str_val(t);
+                                       free_me = NULL;
+                               } else {
+                                       s = t->val.s + t->type;
+                                       free_me = (t->flag & ALLOC) ? t->val.s :
+                                           NULL;
+                               }
+                               t->flag &= ~ALLOC;
+                       }
+                       if (!(t->flag & INTEGER) && (set & INTEGER)) {
+                               t->type = 0;
+                               t->flag &= ~ALLOC;
+                       }
+                       t->flag = (t->flag | set) & ~clr;
+                       /*
+                        * Don't change base if assignment is to be
+                        * done, in case assignment fails.
+                        */
+                       if ((set & INTEGER) && base > 0 && (!val || t != vp))
+                               t->type = base;
+                       if (set & (LJUST|RJUST|ZEROFIL))
+                               t->u2.field = field;
+                       if (fake_assign) {
+                               if (!setstr(t, s, KSH_RETURN_ERROR)) {
+                                       /*
+                                        * Somewhat arbitrary action
+                                        * here: zap contents of
+                                        * variable, but keep the flag
+                                        * settings.
+                                        */
+                                       ok = false;
+                                       if (t->flag & INTEGER)
+                                               t->flag &= ~ISSET;
+                                       else {
+                                               if (t->flag & ALLOC)
+                                                       afree(t->val.s, t->areap);
+                                               t->flag &= ~(ISSET|ALLOC);
+                                               t->type = 0;
+                                       }
+                               }
+                               afree(free_me, t->areap);
+                       }
+               }
+               if (!ok)
+                       errorfz();
+       }
+
+       if (val != NULL) {
+               char *tval;
+
+               if (vappend) {
+                       tval = shf_smprintf("%s%s", str_val(vp), val);
+                       val = tval;
+               } else
+                       tval = NULL;
+
+               if (vp->flag&INTEGER) {
+                       /* do not zero base before assignment */
+                       setstr(vp, val, KSH_UNWIND_ERROR | 0x4);
+                       /* done after assignment to override default */
+                       if (base > 0)
+                               vp->type = base;
+               } else
+                       /* setstr can't fail (readonly check already done) */
+                       setstr(vp, val, KSH_RETURN_ERROR | 0x4);
+
+               afree(tval, ATEMP);
+       }
+
+       /* only x[0] is ever exported, so use vpbase */
+       if ((vpbase->flag&EXPORT) && !(vpbase->flag&INTEGER) &&
+           vpbase->type == 0)
+               exportprep(vpbase, (vpbase->flag&ISSET) ? vpbase->val.s : null);
+
+       return (vp);
+}
+
+/**
+ * Unset a variable. The flags can be:
+ * |1  = tear down entire array
+ * |2  = keep attributes, only unset content
+ */
+void
+unset(struct tbl *vp, int flags)
+{
+       if (vp->flag & ALLOC)
+               afree(vp->val.s, vp->areap);
+       if ((vp->flag & ARRAY) && (flags & 1)) {
+               struct tbl *a, *tmp;
+
+               /* free up entire array */
+               for (a = vp->u.array; a; ) {
+                       tmp = a;
+                       a = a->u.array;
+                       if (tmp->flag & ALLOC)
+                               afree(tmp->val.s, tmp->areap);
+                       afree(tmp, tmp->areap);
+               }
+               vp->u.array = NULL;
+       }
+       if (flags & 2) {
+               vp->flag &= ~(ALLOC|ISSET);
+               return;
+       }
+       /* if foo[0] is being unset, the remainder of the array is kept... */
+       vp->flag &= SPECIAL | ((flags & 1) ? 0 : ARRAY|DEFINED);
+       if (vp->flag & SPECIAL)
+               /* responsible for 'unspecial'ing var */
+               unsetspec(vp);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return a pointer to the first char past a legal variable name
+ * (returns the argument if there is no legal name, returns a pointer to
+ * the terminating NUL if whole string is legal).
+ */
+const char *
+skip_varname(const char *s, bool aok)
+{
+       size_t alen;
+
+       if (s && ksh_isalphx(*s)) {
+               while (*++s && ksh_isalnux(*s))
+                       ;
+               if (aok && *s == '[' && (alen = array_ref_len(s)))
+                       s += alen;
+       }
+       return (s);
+}
+
+/* Return a pointer to the first character past any legal variable name */
+const char *
+skip_wdvarname(const char *s,
+    /* skip array de-reference? */
+    bool aok)
+{
+       if (s[0] == CHAR && ksh_isalphx(s[1])) {
+               do {
+                       s += 2;
+               } while (s[0] == CHAR && ksh_isalnux(s[1]));
+               if (aok && s[0] == CHAR && s[1] == '[') {
+                       /* skip possible array de-reference */
+                       const char *p = s;
+                       char c;
+                       int depth = 0;
+
+                       while (/* CONSTCOND */ 1) {
+                               if (p[0] != CHAR)
+                                       break;
+                               c = p[1];
+                               p += 2;
+                               if (c == '[')
+                                       depth++;
+                               else if (c == ']' && --depth == 0) {
+                                       s = p;
+                                       break;
+                               }
+                       }
+               }
+       }
+       return (s);
+}
+
+/* Check if coded string s is a variable name */
+int
+is_wdvarname(const char *s, bool aok)
+{
+       const char *p = skip_wdvarname(s, aok);
+
+       return (p != s && p[0] == EOS);
+}
+
+/* Check if coded string s is a variable assignment */
+int
+is_wdvarassign(const char *s)
+{
+       const char *p = skip_wdvarname(s, true);
+
+       return (p != s && p[0] == CHAR &&
+           (p[1] == '=' || (p[1] == '+' && p[2] == CHAR && p[3] == '=')));
+}
+
+/*
+ * Make the exported environment from the exported names in the dictionary.
+ */
+char **
+makenv(void)
+{
+       ssize_t i;
+       struct block *l;
+       XPtrV denv;
+       struct tbl *vp, **vpp;
+
+       XPinit(denv, 64);
+       for (l = e->loc; l != NULL; l = l->next) {
+               vpp = l->vars.tbls;
+               i = 1 << (l->vars.tshift);
+               while (--i >= 0)
+                       if ((vp = *vpp++) != NULL &&
+                           (vp->flag&(ISSET|EXPORT)) == (ISSET|EXPORT)) {
+                               struct block *l2;
+                               struct tbl *vp2;
+                               uint32_t h = hash(vp->name);
+
+                               /* unexport any redefined instances */
+                               for (l2 = l->next; l2 != NULL; l2 = l2->next) {
+                                       vp2 = ktsearch(&l2->vars, vp->name, h);
+                                       if (vp2 != NULL)
+                                               vp2->flag &= ~EXPORT;
+                               }
+                               if ((vp->flag&INTEGER)) {
+                                       /* integer to string */
+                                       char *val;
+                                       val = str_val(vp);
+                                       vp->flag &= ~(INTEGER|RDONLY|SPECIAL);
+                                       /* setstr can't fail here */
+                                       setstr(vp, val, KSH_RETURN_ERROR);
+                               }
+                               XPput(denv, vp->val.s);
+                       }
+               if (l->flags & BF_STOPENV)
+                       break;
+       }
+       XPput(denv, NULL);
+       return ((char **)XPclose(denv));
+}
+
+/*
+ * handle special variables with side effects - PATH, SECONDS.
+ */
+
+/* Test if name is a special parameter */
+static int
+special(const char *name)
+{
+       struct tbl *tp;
+
+       tp = ktsearch(&specials, name, hash(name));
+       return (tp && (tp->flag & ISSET) ? tp->type : V_NONE);
+}
+
+/* Make a variable non-special */
+static void
+unspecial(const char *name)
+{
+       struct tbl *tp;
+
+       tp = ktsearch(&specials, name, hash(name));
+       if (tp)
+               ktdelete(tp);
+}
+
+static time_t seconds;         /* time SECONDS last set */
+static mksh_uari_t user_lineno;        /* what user set $LINENO to */
+
+static void
+getspec(struct tbl *vp)
+{
+       mksh_ari_u num;
+       int st;
+       struct timeval tv;
+
+       switch ((st = special(vp->name))) {
+       case V_COLUMNS:
+       case V_LINES:
+               /*
+                * Do NOT export COLUMNS/LINES. Many applications
+                * check COLUMNS/LINES before checking ws.ws_col/row,
+                * so if the app is started with C/L in the environ
+                * and the window is then resized, the app won't
+                * see the change cause the environ doesn't change.
+                */
+               if (got_winch)
+                       change_winsz();
+               break;
+       }
+       switch (st) {
+       case V_BASHPID:
+               num.u = (mksh_uari_t)procpid;
+               break;
+       case V_COLUMNS:
+               num.i = x_cols;
+               break;
+       case V_HISTSIZE:
+               num.i = histsize;
+               break;
+       case V_LINENO:
+               num.u = (mksh_uari_t)current_lineno + user_lineno;
+               break;
+       case V_LINES:
+               num.i = x_lins;
+               break;
+       case V_EPOCHREALTIME: {
+               /* 10(%u) + 1(.) + 6 + NUL */
+               char buf[18];
+
+               vp->flag &= ~SPECIAL;
+               mksh_TIME(tv);
+               shf_snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%u.%06u",
+                   (unsigned)tv.tv_sec, (unsigned)tv.tv_usec);
+               setstr(vp, buf, KSH_RETURN_ERROR | 0x4);
+               vp->flag |= SPECIAL;
+               return;
+       }
+       case V_OPTIND:
+               num.i = user_opt.uoptind;
+               break;
+       case V_RANDOM:
+               num.i = rndget();
+               break;
+       case V_SECONDS:
+               /*
+                * On start up the value of SECONDS is used before
+                * it has been set - don't do anything in this case
+                * (see initcoms[] in main.c).
+                */
+               if (vp->flag & ISSET) {
+                       mksh_TIME(tv);
+                       num.i = tv.tv_sec - seconds;
+               } else
+                       return;
+               break;
+       default:
+               /* do nothing, do not touch vp at all */
+               return;
+       }
+       vp->flag &= ~SPECIAL;
+       setint_n(vp, num.i, 0);
+       vp->flag |= SPECIAL;
+}
+
+static void
+setspec(struct tbl *vp)
+{
+       mksh_ari_u num;
+       char *s;
+       int st;
+
+       switch ((st = special(vp->name))) {
+#if HAVE_PERSISTENT_HISTORY
+       case V_HISTFILE:
+               sethistfile(str_val(vp));
+               return;
+#endif
+       case V_IFS:
+               setctypes(s = str_val(vp), C_IFS);
+               ifs0 = *s;
+               return;
+       case V_PATH:
+               afree(path, APERM);
+               s = str_val(vp);
+               strdupx(path, s, APERM);
+               /* clear tracked aliases */
+               flushcom(true);
+               return;
+       case V_TMPDIR:
+               afree(tmpdir, APERM);
+               tmpdir = NULL;
+               /*
+                * Use tmpdir iff it is an absolute path, is writable
+                * and searchable and is a directory...
+                */
+               {
+                       struct stat statb;
+
+                       s = str_val(vp);
+                       /* LINTED use of access */
+                       if (mksh_abspath(s) && access(s, W_OK|X_OK) == 0 &&
+                           stat(s, &statb) == 0 && S_ISDIR(statb.st_mode))
+                               strdupx(tmpdir, s, APERM);
+               }
+               return;
+       /* common sub-cases */
+       case V_COLUMNS:
+       case V_LINES:
+               if (vp->flag & IMPORT) {
+                       /* do not touch */
+                       unspecial(vp->name);
+                       vp->flag &= ~SPECIAL;
+                       return;
+               }
+               /* FALLTHROUGH */
+       case V_HISTSIZE:
+       case V_LINENO:
+       case V_OPTIND:
+       case V_RANDOM:
+       case V_SECONDS:
+       case V_TMOUT:
+               vp->flag &= ~SPECIAL;
+               if (getint(vp, &num, false) == -1) {
+                       s = str_val(vp);
+                       if (st != V_RANDOM)
+                               errorf("%s: %s: %s", vp->name, "bad number", s);
+                       num.u = hash(s);
+               }
+               vp->flag |= SPECIAL;
+               break;
+       default:
+               /* do nothing, do not touch vp at all */
+               return;
+       }
+
+       /* process the singular parts of the common cases */
+
+       switch (st) {
+       case V_COLUMNS:
+               if (num.i >= MIN_COLS)
+                       x_cols = num.i;
+               break;
+       case V_HISTSIZE:
+               sethistsize(num.i);
+               break;
+       case V_LINENO:
+               /* The -1 is because line numbering starts at 1. */
+               user_lineno = num.u - (mksh_uari_t)current_lineno - 1;
+               break;
+       case V_LINES:
+               if (num.i >= MIN_LINS)
+                       x_lins = num.i;
+               break;
+       case V_OPTIND:
+               getopts_reset((int)num.i);
+               break;
+       case V_RANDOM:
+               /*
+                * mksh R39d+ no longer has the traditional repeatability
+                * of $RANDOM sequences, but always retains state
+                */
+               rndset((unsigned long)num.u);
+               break;
+       case V_SECONDS:
+               {
+                       struct timeval tv;
+
+                       mksh_TIME(tv);
+                       seconds = tv.tv_sec - num.i;
+               }
+               break;
+       case V_TMOUT:
+               ksh_tmout = num.i >= 0 ? num.i : 0;
+               break;
+       }
+}
+
+static void
+unsetspec(struct tbl *vp)
+{
+       /*
+        * AT&T ksh man page says OPTIND, OPTARG and _ lose special
+        * meaning, but OPTARG does not (still set by getopts) and _ is
+        * also still set in various places. Don't know what AT&T does
+        * for HISTSIZE, HISTFILE. Unsetting these in AT&T ksh does not
+        * loose the 'specialness': IFS, COLUMNS, PATH, TMPDIR
+        */
+
+       switch (special(vp->name)) {
+#if HAVE_PERSISTENT_HISTORY
+       case V_HISTFILE:
+               sethistfile(NULL);
+               return;
+#endif
+       case V_IFS:
+               setctypes(TC_IFSWS, C_IFS);
+               ifs0 = ' ';
+               break;
+       case V_PATH:
+               afree(path, APERM);
+               strdupx(path, def_path, APERM);
+               /* clear tracked aliases */
+               flushcom(true);
+               break;
+       case V_TMPDIR:
+               /* should not become unspecial */
+               if (tmpdir) {
+                       afree(tmpdir, APERM);
+                       tmpdir = NULL;
+               }
+               break;
+       case V_LINENO:
+       case V_RANDOM:
+       case V_SECONDS:
+       case V_TMOUT:
+               /* AT&T ksh leaves previous value in place */
+               unspecial(vp->name);
+               break;
+       }
+}
+
+/*
+ * Search for (and possibly create) a table entry starting with
+ * vp, indexed by val.
+ */
+struct tbl *
+arraysearch(struct tbl *vp, uint32_t val)
+{
+       struct tbl *prev, *curr, *news;
+       size_t len;
+
+       vp->flag = (vp->flag | (ARRAY | DEFINED)) & ~ASSOC;
+       /* the table entry is always [0] */
+       if (val == 0)
+               return (vp);
+       prev = vp;
+       curr = vp->u.array;
+       while (curr && curr->ua.index < val) {
+               prev = curr;
+               curr = curr->u.array;
+       }
+       if (curr && curr->ua.index == val) {
+               if (curr->flag&ISSET)
+                       return (curr);
+               news = curr;
+       } else
+               news = NULL;
+       if (!news) {
+               len = strlen(vp->name);
+               checkoktoadd(len, 1 + offsetof(struct tbl, name[0]));
+               news = alloc(offsetof(struct tbl, name[0]) + ++len, vp->areap);
+               memcpy(news->name, vp->name, len);
+       }
+       news->flag = (vp->flag & ~(ALLOC|DEFINED|ISSET|SPECIAL)) | AINDEX;
+       news->type = vp->type;
+       news->areap = vp->areap;
+       news->u2.field = vp->u2.field;
+       news->ua.index = val;
+
+       if (curr != news) {
+               /* not reusing old array entry */
+               prev->u.array = news;
+               news->u.array = curr;
+       }
+       return (news);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Return the length of an array reference (eg, [1+2]) - cp is assumed
+ * to point to the open bracket. Returns 0 if there is no matching
+ * closing bracket.
+ *
+ * XXX this should parse the actual arithmetic syntax
+ */
+size_t
+array_ref_len(const char *cp)
+{
+       const char *s = cp;
+       char c;
+       int depth = 0;
+
+       while ((c = *s++) && (c != ']' || --depth))
+               if (c == '[')
+                       depth++;
+       if (!c)
+               return (0);
+       return (s - cp);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Make a copy of the base of an array name
+ */
+char *
+arrayname(const char *str)
+{
+       const char *p;
+       char *rv;
+
+       if (!(p = cstrchr(str, '[')))
+               /* Shouldn't happen, but why worry? */
+               strdupx(rv, str, ATEMP);
+       else
+               strndupx(rv, str, p - str, ATEMP);
+
+       return (rv);
+}
+
+/* set (or overwrite, if reset) the array variable var to the values in vals */
+mksh_uari_t
+set_array(const char *var, bool reset, const char **vals)
+{
+       struct tbl *vp, *vq;
+       mksh_uari_t i = 0, j = 0;
+       const char *ccp = var;
+       char *cp = NULL;
+       size_t n;
+
+       /* to get local array, use "local foo; set -A foo" */
+       n = strlen(var);
+       if (n > 0 && var[n - 1] == '+') {
+               /* append mode */
+               reset = false;
+               strndupx(cp, var, n - 1, ATEMP);
+               ccp = cp;
+       }
+       vp = global(ccp);
+
+       /* Note: AT&T ksh allows set -A but not set +A of a read-only var */
+       if ((vp->flag&RDONLY))
+               errorfx(2, "read-only: %s", ccp);
+       /* This code is quite non-optimal */
+       if (reset) {
+               /* trash existing values and attributes */
+               unset(vp, 1);
+               /* allocate-by-access the [0] element to keep in scope */
+               arraysearch(vp, 0);
+       }
+       /*
+        * TODO: would be nice for assignment to completely succeed or
+        * completely fail. Only really effects integer arrays:
+        * evaluation of some of vals[] may fail...
+        */
+       if (cp != NULL) {
+               /* find out where to set when appending */
+               for (vq = vp; vq; vq = vq->u.array) {
+                       if (!(vq->flag & ISSET))
+                               continue;
+                       if (arrayindex(vq) >= j)
+                               j = arrayindex(vq) + 1;
+               }
+               afree(cp, ATEMP);
+       }
+       while ((ccp = vals[i])) {
+#if 0 /* temporarily taken out due to regression */
+               if (*ccp == '[') {
+                       int level = 0;
+
+                       while (*ccp) {
+                               if (*ccp == ']' && --level == 0)
+                                       break;
+                               if (*ccp == '[')
+                                       ++level;
+                               ++ccp;
+                       }
+                       if (*ccp == ']' && level == 0 && ccp[1] == '=') {
+                               strndupx(cp, vals[i] + 1, ccp - (vals[i] + 1),
+                                   ATEMP);
+                               evaluate(substitute(cp, 0), (mksh_ari_t *)&j,
+                                   KSH_UNWIND_ERROR, true);
+                               afree(cp, ATEMP);
+                               ccp += 2;
+                       } else
+                               ccp = vals[i];
+               }
+#endif
+
+               vq = arraysearch(vp, j);
+               /* would be nice to deal with errors here... (see above) */
+               setstr(vq, ccp, KSH_RETURN_ERROR);
+               i++;
+               j++;
+       }
+
+       return (i);
+}
+
+void
+change_winsz(void)
+{
+       struct timeval tv;
+
+       mksh_TIME(tv);
+       BAFHUpdateMem_mem(qh_state, &tv, sizeof(tv));
+
+#ifdef TIOCGWINSZ
+       /* check if window size has changed */
+       if (tty_init_fd() < 2) {
+               struct winsize ws;
+
+               if (ioctl(tty_fd, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) >= 0) {
+                       if (ws.ws_col)
+                               x_cols = ws.ws_col;
+                       if (ws.ws_row)
+                               x_lins = ws.ws_row;
+               }
+       }
+#endif
+
+       /* bounds check for sane values, use defaults otherwise */
+       if (x_cols < MIN_COLS)
+               x_cols = 80;
+       if (x_lins < MIN_LINS)
+               x_lins = 24;
+
+#ifdef SIGWINCH
+       got_winch = 0;
+#endif
+}
+
+uint32_t
+hash(const void *s)
+{
+       register uint32_t h;
+
+       BAFHInit(h);
+       BAFHUpdateStr_reg(h, s);
+       BAFHFinish_reg(h);
+       return (h);
+}
+
+uint32_t
+chvt_rndsetup(const void *bp, size_t sz)
+{
+       register uint32_t h;
+
+       /* use LCG as seed but try to get them to deviate immediately */
+       h = lcg_state;
+       (void)rndget();
+       BAFHFinish_reg(h);
+       /* variation through pid, ppid, and the works */
+       BAFHUpdateMem_reg(h, &rndsetupstate, sizeof(rndsetupstate));
+       /* some variation, some possibly entropy, depending on OE */
+       BAFHUpdateMem_reg(h, bp, sz);
+       /* mix them all up */
+       BAFHFinish_reg(h);
+
+       return (h);
+}
+
+mksh_ari_t
+rndget(void)
+{
+       /*
+        * this is the same Linear Congruential PRNG as Borland
+        * C/C++ allegedly uses in its built-in rand() function
+        */
+       return (((lcg_state = 22695477 * lcg_state + 1) >> 16) & 0x7FFF);
+}
+
+void
+rndset(unsigned long v)
+{
+       register uint32_t h;
+#if defined(arc4random_pushb_fast) || defined(MKSH_A4PB)
+       register uint32_t t;
+#endif
+       struct {
+               struct timeval tv;
+               void *sp;
+               uint32_t qh;
+               pid_t pp;
+               short r;
+       } z;
+
+#ifdef DEBUG
+       /* clear the allocated space, for valgrind */
+       memset(&z, 0, sizeof(z));
+#endif
+
+       h = lcg_state;
+       BAFHFinish_reg(h);
+       BAFHUpdateMem_reg(h, &v, sizeof(v));
+
+       mksh_TIME(z.tv);
+       z.sp = &lcg_state;
+       z.pp = procpid;
+       z.r = (short)rndget();
+
+#if defined(arc4random_pushb_fast) || defined(MKSH_A4PB)
+       t = qh_state;
+       BAFHFinish_reg(t);
+       z.qh = (t & 0xFFFF8000) | rndget();
+       lcg_state = (t << 15) | rndget();
+       /*
+        * either we have very chap entropy get and push available,
+        * with malloc() pulling in this code already anyway, or the
+        * user requested us to use the old functions
+        */
+       t = h;
+       BAFHUpdateMem_reg(t, &lcg_state, sizeof(lcg_state));
+       BAFHFinish_reg(t);
+       lcg_state = t;
+#if defined(arc4random_pushb_fast)
+       arc4random_pushb_fast(&lcg_state, sizeof(lcg_state));
+       lcg_state = arc4random();
+#else
+       lcg_state = arc4random_pushb(&lcg_state, sizeof(lcg_state));
+#endif
+       BAFHUpdateMem_reg(h, &lcg_state, sizeof(lcg_state));
+#else
+       z.qh = qh_state;
+#endif
+
+       BAFHUpdateMem_reg(h, &z, sizeof(z));
+       BAFHFinish_reg(h);
+       lcg_state = h;
+}
+
+void
+rndpush(const void *s)
+{
+       register uint32_t h = qh_state;
+
+       BAFHUpdateStr_reg(h, s);
+       BAFHUpdateOctet_reg(h, 0);
+       qh_state = h;
+}
diff --git a/source/sh/var_spec.h b/source/sh/var_spec.h
new file mode 100644 (file)
index 0000000..7d09584
--- /dev/null
@@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
+/*-
+ * Copyright (c) 2009, 2011, 2012
+ *     mirabilos <m@mirbsd.org>
+ *
+ * Provided that these terms and disclaimer and all copyright notices
+ * are retained or reproduced in an accompanying document, permission
+ * is granted to deal in this work without restriction, including un-
+ * limited rights to use, publicly perform, distribute, sell, modify,
+ * merge, give away, or sublicence.
+ *
+ * This work is provided "AS IS" and WITHOUT WARRANTY of any kind, to
+ * the utmost extent permitted by applicable law, neither express nor
+ * implied; without malicious intent or gross negligence. In no event
+ * may a licensor, author or contributor be held liable for indirect,
+ * direct, other damage, loss, or other issues arising in any way out
+ * of dealing in the work, even if advised of the possibility of such
+ * damage or existence of a defect, except proven that it results out
+ * of said person's immediate fault when using the work as intended.
+ */
+
+#if defined(VARSPEC_DEFNS)
+__RCSID("$MirOS: src/bin/mksh/var_spec.h,v 1.7 2015/12/12 21:08:44 tg Exp $");
+#define FN(name)                       /* nothing */
+#elif defined(VARSPEC_ENUMS)
+#define FN(name)                       V_##name,
+#define F0(name)                       V_##name = 0,
+#elif defined(VARSPEC_ITEMS)
+#define F0(name)                       /* nothing */
+#define FN(name)                       #name,
+#endif
+
+#ifndef F0
+#define F0 FN
+#endif
+
+/* NOTE: F0 are skipped for the ITEMS array, only FN generate names */
+
+/* 0 is always V_NONE */
+F0(NONE)
+
+/* 1 and up are special variables */
+FN(BASHPID)
+FN(COLUMNS)
+FN(EPOCHREALTIME)
+#if HAVE_PERSISTENT_HISTORY
+FN(HISTFILE)
+#endif
+FN(HISTSIZE)
+FN(IFS)
+FN(LINENO)
+FN(LINES)
+FN(OPTIND)
+FN(PATH)
+FN(RANDOM)
+FN(SECONDS)
+FN(TMOUT)
+FN(TMPDIR)
+
+#undef FN
+#undef F0
+#undef VARSPEC_DEFNS
+#undef VARSPEC_ENUMS
+#undef VARSPEC_ITEMS